Mine tunnel tunneling mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine tunnel tunneling mining method, and relates to a mine tunnel mining method. A core drilling machine is used for forming drill holes along the section contour line of a mine tunnel to form a free face surrounding a mining area; cleavage holes are formed in the mining area at intervals and are divided into first cleavage holes and second cleavage holes which are alternately formed at intervals, first cleavage rods with the pressure direction facing the free face are arranged in the first cleavage holes, and second cleavage rods with the pressure direction facing the first cleavage holes in the two sides are arranged in the second cleavage holes; extrusion force for promoting the fracture of the ore bed is formed on the ore bed between the second splitting hole and the first splitting hole; and after the whole mining area finishes splitting operation, further crushing by adopting a crusher, and cleaning, loading and transporting by adopting a forklift. The second splitting holes are used for directly extruding and damaging the ore bed between the two splitting holes, the stress concentration effect is formed, splitting of the ore bed between the two splitting holes is facilitated, and therefore the influence of poor integrity of the ore bed on the splitting effect is reduced. And a larger splitting hole pitch can be adopted, so that the mining speed is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mine mining method, in particular to a mine tunnel excavation mining method. Background Art

[0002] Hydraulic fracturing technology is a construction method that applies rigid pressure to rock formations to quickly crack them, so as to facilitate mine or tunnel excavation. Hydraulic fracturing replaces traditional blasting under certain conditions, which is more optimized for the surrounding environment and conducive to ecological environmental protection. The use of hydraulic fracturing technology in mine mining can reduce construction difficulty and increase mining speed.

[0003] Hydraulic splitting is generally suitable for hard or medium-hard rocks with good integrity because it applies local pressure to the rock formation to produce cracks on both sides. However, for rock formations with poor integrity, slightly larger joints and fissures, or fillings between layers, a single rock block around the splitting hole will be fractured during splitting, while the rock blocks slightly further away will not move. The rock formations in the mine are mixed with ordinary rocks and ores, and their integrity is usually poor. When hydraulic splitting technology is used, in order to ensure the splitting effect, it is often necessary to reduce the spacing between the splitting holes. This method of densely arranging splitting holes will inevitably lead to a reduction in mining speed due to the large number of holes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the defect that the integrity of the ore layer is poor and affects the splitting effect during the mining process of the mine, and a mine tunnel excavation and mining method is provided.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: a mine tunnel excavation method, comprising the following steps: (1) According to the designed location of the mine, a guide wall is built at the entrance of the mine; (2) Delineate the location of the cross-sectional contour line of the mine tunnel, and use a core drilling rig to drill holes along the contour line. The drilling direction is parallel to the tunnel direction. Multiple drill holes are overlapped and connected to form an open surface surrounding the mining area; (3) In the mining area, multiple layers of marking lines are drawn, starting from the periphery and distributed at intervals toward the center. The shape of the marking lines is adapted to the contour of the tunnel vault. A core drilling rig is used to drill horizontally extending splitting holes at intervals along the marking lines. (4) Splitting the mineral layer in the mining area layer by layer from the periphery to the center. During the splitting operation of each layer, the splitting holes of the layer are divided into first splitting holes and second splitting holes arranged alternately at intervals, and the second splitting hole is located between two adjacent first splitting holes; a first splitting rod with a pressure direction facing the free surface is arranged in the first splitting hole, and a tensile force is formed to promote the splitting of the mineral layer by applying pressure to the hole wall of the first splitting hole facing the free surface; a second splitting rod with a pressure direction facing the first splitting holes on both sides is arranged in the second splitting hole, and an extrusion force is formed on the mineral layer between the second splitting hole and the first splitting hole to promote its rupture by the second splitting rod; (5) After the splitting operation is completed in the entire mining area, a crusher is used to further crush the split ore layer in the mining area, and a scraper is used to clean and transport the crushed ore; (6) Repeat steps (2) to (5) to carry out tunnel excavation and mining.

[0006] The core drilling rig has a drilling diameter of 220 mm and a length of 1000 mm, and the overlap between adjacent drilling holes on the tunnel cross-section contour line is 80-100 mm.

[0007] The distance between two adjacent cleavage holes is 3-4 times the diameter of the cleavage holes.

[0008] In the step (6), after setting support at the top of the tunnel, steps (2) to (5) are repeated to carry out tunnel excavation and mining.

[0009] In the step (2), when drilling holes along the contour line, an area without drilling holes is left in the center of the top of the tunnel, and drilling holes are continuously drilled downward from both sides of the area to form a partition wall in the middle of the tunnel that divides the tunnel into two left and right mining areas; the left and right mining areas respectively carry out the operations of steps (3) to step (5), and after completion, preliminary supports are respectively set on the tops of the left and right areas, and then the partition wall in the middle is broken and the mining is cleared and loaded onto trucks.

[0010] In the step (4), when splitting each layer, the splitting holes of the layer are all placed with splitting rods and then the splitting operation is performed uniformly, or the splitting holes of the layer are divided into several areas, and the splitting rods are placed and the splitting operation is performed in each area in sequence in stages.

[0011] In the step (4), the wedge-shaped mechanisms extending from both sides of the second splitting rod are used to apply pressure to the hole wall of the second splitting hole facing the first splitting hole. While the top of the wedge-shaped mechanism destroys the mineral layer on the hole wall, the wedge-shaped surface of the wedge-shaped mechanism applies an extrusion force to the mineral layer to force it to split.

[0012] A plurality of wedge-shaped mechanisms extending toward both sides of the second splitting bar are arranged along the length direction of both sides of the second splitting bar, the tips of the wedge-shaped mechanisms face outwards, and the wedge-shaped surfaces thereof are parallel to the axis of the second splitting bar.

[0013] Both sides of the wedge-shaped mechanism are provided with wedge-shaped surfaces, and the slopes of the wedge-shaped surfaces on the two sides are the same.

[0014] The second splitting rod is provided with a hydraulic oil circuit, and the hydraulic oil is used to push the wedge-shaped mechanism to exert a squeezing force on the ore layer.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the mine mining method using drilling and splitting reduces safety risks and is beneficial to the protection of the surrounding ecological environment. By alternately arranging splitting rods of different forms, the splitting method of applying pressure to the hole wall on the free side is combined with the method of applying extrusion force to the hole wall between the two splitting holes. The second splitting rod is used to directly squeeze and destroy the ore layer between the two splitting holes, and a stress concentration effect is formed, which is beneficial to the splitting of the ore layer between the two splitting holes, thereby reducing the influence of the poor integrity of the ore layer on the splitting effect. A larger splitting hole spacing can be used, thereby increasing the mining speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the mine mining face of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the mine mining face of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the drilling method on the tunnel cross-section contour line of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of splitting holes in two splitting modes of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wedge mechanism in the second splitting rod of the present invention.

[0021] Markings in the figure: 1. Tunnel cross section, 2. Drill hole, 3. Free surface, 4. Mining area, 5. First splitting hole, 6. Second splitting hole, 7. First splitting rod, 8. Second splitting rod, 9. Partition wall, 10. Wedge mechanism, 11. Mounting sleeve, 12. Hydraulic oil flow port, 13. Piston column, 14. Piston, 15. Splitting head, 16. Return spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. The specific contents listed in the following embodiments are not limited to the technical features necessary for the technical problems to be solved by the technical solutions recorded in the claims. At the same time, the enumerated embodiments are only part of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0023] The present invention adopts hydraulic splitting to carry out mining in mine tunnels, and the mining method comprises the following steps: (1) According to the designed location of the mine, a guide wall is built in an arc shape using square steel and angle iron at the entrance of the mine to lay the foundation for subsequent drilling and splitting. The specific structure and construction method of the guide wall refer to the existing technology.

[0024] (2) Determine the location of the cross-section 1 contour line of the mine tunnel and mark the excavation area. Figure 1 As shown, a core drilling machine is used to drill a hole 2 along the contour line. The hole is a horizontal hole, and the drilling direction is parallel to the tunnel direction. Figure 1 and 3 As shown, multiple drill holes are overlapped and connected, so that the drill holes are connected to form an open face 3 surrounding the mining area 4. The core drilling rig can have a drill hole diameter of 220 mm and a length of 1000 mm. The overlap between adjacent drill holes on the tunnel section contour line can be 80-100 mm. For example, if the design is a 3m×3m tunnel entrance, 64 drill holes can be designed for the open face. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the mine tunnel section 1 is excavated as a whole, and the free surface formed surrounds the entire tunnel section.

[0025] (3) In the mining area 4, multiple layers of marking lines are drawn, starting from the periphery and moving toward the center. For example Figure 1 As shown, 4 layers of marking lines are arranged at intervals from the periphery to the center. The shape of the marking lines is adapted to the profile of the tunnel vault. Splitting holes are opened at intervals along the marking lines using a coring drill. The splitting holes are horizontally extending flat holes, and their drilling direction is parallel to the tunnel direction. The aperture of the splitting hole can be the same as that of the borehole 2, and the same coring drill is used to open it, so as to reduce the types of equipment used and simplify the mining process. The spacing between two adjacent splitting holes is set to 3-4 times the diameter of the splitting hole. The empty hole effect can be utilized. When a splitting rod is placed in a splitting hole to pressurize the hole wall for splitting, its force will be transmitted to both sides through the ore layer, and a tensile force will be formed on the wall of the adjacent splitting holes. The spacing of 3-4 times the diameter of the splitting holes makes it within the range of the empty hole effect, and it will not be too close to cause an excessive number of splitting holes.

[0026] (4) Splitting the ore layer in the mining area 4 is performed layer by layer from the periphery to the center. The splitting holes of each layer are divided into the first splitting hole 5 and the second splitting hole 6. The first splitting hole 5 and the second splitting hole 6 are arranged alternately, and the second splitting hole is located between two adjacent first splitting holes. Figure 4As shown, a first splitting rod 7 is arranged in the first splitting hole 5, and a second splitting rod 8 is arranged in the second splitting hole 6. The pressure acting direction of the first splitting rod 7 is toward the free surface 3. The pressure acting direction of the second splitting rod 8 is toward the first splitting holes on both sides. During the splitting operation of each layer, the first splitting rod 7 and the second splitting rod 8 with different action modes cooperate to apply pressure to the hole wall of the first splitting hole 5 on the side facing the free surface 3, thereby forming a tensile force that causes the ore layer to split along the marking line of the layer, and the second splitting rod 8 forms an extrusion force that causes the ore layer to rupture on the ore layer between the second splitting hole 6 and the first splitting hole 5. The second splitting rod 8 is used to directly squeeze and destroy the ore layer between the second splitting hole 6 and the first splitting hole 5, and a stress concentration effect is formed, which is conducive to the splitting of the ore layer between the two splitting holes under the pressure of the first splitting hole.

[0027] During the splitting operation of each layer, if the cross section of the tunnel is small and the number of splitting holes is small, the splitting operation can be carried out uniformly after the splitting rods are placed in the splitting holes of the layer. If the cross section of the tunnel is large and the number of splitting holes is large, the splitting holes of the layer can also be divided into several areas, and the splitting rods and splitting operations can be placed in each area in stages.

[0028] (5) After the splitting operation is completed in the entire mining area, a crusher is used to further crush the split ore layer in the mining area, and a shovel loader is used to clean and transport the crushed ore.

[0029] (6) After setting up support at the top of the tunnel, repeat steps (2) to (5) to carry out tunnel excavation.

[0030] Figure 2 Another embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 Different from the above, for mines with larger cross-sections, a method of digging and mining in different areas can be adopted. In step (2), when drilling holes 2 along the contour line, an area is left in the center of the top of the tunnel without drilling holes. Drill holes 2 are continuously drilled downward from both sides of the area to form a partition wall 9 in the middle of the tunnel, and the partition wall 9 divides the tunnel into two left and right mining areas 4. The left and right mining areas 4 can be split and mined separately, and the middle partition wall 9 plays a role in supporting the tunnel to prevent collapse accidents when the tunnel span is large. The left and right mining areas 4 can be marked with multiple layers of markings and split holes according to the method of the above step (3). When performing the splitting operation of step (4), the left and right mining areas 4 can perform the operations of steps (3) to (5) in sequence, or they can be performed simultaneously. After completing the splitting and crushing mining of the left and right mining areas 4, preliminary support is set at the top of the left and right areas, and then the middle partition wall is broken and the mine is cleared and loaded. After that, complete support is set up at the top of the tunnel, and steps (2) to (5) are repeated to carry out tunnel excavation.

[0031] In the present invention, both the first splitting rod 7 and the second splitting rod 8 are driven by hydraulic pressure. A plurality of pressure heads that can extend from the first splitting rod 7 are distributed along the length direction of the first splitting rod 7 on the side wall thereof, and the pressure heads are arranged in the internal hydraulic cavity, and can extend outwards under the action of hydraulic oil and press against the inner wall of the first splitting hole 5 to exert a pushing force thereon.

[0032] The second splitting rod 8 is provided with an extendable wedge mechanism 10 on both sides, the tip of the wedge mechanism faces outward, and its wedge surface is parallel to the axis of the second splitting rod. The extending direction of the wedge mechanism 10 is toward the first splitting hole 5. The wedge mechanisms 10 extending on both sides of the second splitting rod 8 apply pressure to the hole wall of the second splitting hole 6 facing the first splitting hole 5, and the tip of the wedge mechanism 10 is used to directly destroy the mineral layer of the hole wall, and at the same time, the wedge surface of the wedge mechanism is used to apply an extrusion force to the mineral layer to force it to split. In order to maintain force balance, the wedge mechanism has wedge surfaces on both sides, and the slopes of the wedge surfaces on both sides are the same.

[0033] The structure of the wedge mechanism can be as follows Figure 5 As shown, it includes a mounting sleeve 11 installed in the inner cavity of the second splitting rod 8, one end of the mounting sleeve is open to the outside, and the other end is provided with a hydraulic oil flow port 12. A piston column 13 is arranged in the mounting sleeve 11, and a piston 14 that matches the sealing of the inner cavity of the mounting sleeve is arranged at one end of the piston column facing the hydraulic oil flow port, and a wedge-shaped splitting head 15 is arranged at the other end. After the hydraulic oil enters the inner cavity of the mounting sleeve 11 from the hydraulic oil flow port 12, it can push the piston column 13 through the piston 14 to make it extend out of the mounting sleeve 11, and the splitting head 15 at the end of the piston column is used to apply an extrusion force to the hole wall. A return spring 16 is sleeved on the piston column 13, one end of the return spring abuts on the piston 14, and the other end abuts on the retaining ring at the end of the mounting sleeve 11. When the hydraulic oil is depressurized, the return spring 16 can push the piston to return to its original position.

[0034] The wedge-shaped mechanism may be an integral structure extending along the second splitting rod 8, or may be a structure arranged at intervals, and a plurality of wedge-shaped mechanisms 10 extending toward both sides of the second splitting rod 8 are arranged along the length direction thereof. The wedge-shaped mechanisms 10 on both sides of the second splitting rod 8 may be arranged symmetrically, and their hydraulic oil flow ports are connected to the hydraulic oil circuit at the center of the second splitting rod 8. The wedge-shaped mechanisms 10 on both sides are located at the same position in the length direction of the second splitting rod, and exert opposite forces on the left and right sides at the same time.

[0035] In another embodiment, the wedge mechanisms 10 on both sides of the second splitting rod 8 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the positions of the wedge mechanisms 10 on both sides in the length direction of the second splitting rod are different, and the wedge mechanisms 10 extending in different directions are arranged alternately. The wedge mechanisms 10 in two directions are connected to the hydraulic oil circuit provided in the second splitting rod, and the hydraulic oil is used to push the wedge mechanism to apply extrusion force to the ore layer. Since there are multiple wedge mechanisms 10 arranged alternately in the length direction of the second splitting rod, the force balance on both sides will not be affected. Moreover, by adopting this alternating arrangement, only one wedge mechanism 10 needs to be arranged in the radial direction of the same cross section of the second splitting rod 8, which can increase the length of the wedge mechanism 10 and increase the stroke of the extrusion effect, which can be beneficial to the splitting operation.

[0036] The above description of the specific implementation mode is only used to help understand the technical concept and core idea of ​​the present invention. Although the technical solution is described and illustrated using a specific preferred embodiment, it should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention itself. Those skilled in the art may make various changes in form and details without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. These easily conceived changes or substitutions should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine tunnel excavation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) According to the designed location of the mine, a guide wall is built at the entrance of the mine; (2) Delineate the location of the cross-sectional contour line of the mine tunnel, and use a core drilling rig to drill holes along the contour line. The drilling direction is parallel to the tunnel direction. Multiple drill holes are overlapped and connected to form an open surface surrounding the mining area; (3) In the mining area, multiple layers of marking lines are drawn, starting from the periphery and distributed at intervals toward the center. The shape of the marking lines is adapted to the contour of the tunnel vault. A core drilling rig is used to drill horizontally extending splitting holes at intervals along the marking lines. (4) Splitting the mineral layer in the mining area layer by layer from the periphery to the center. During the splitting operation of each layer, the splitting holes of the layer are divided into first splitting holes and second splitting holes arranged alternately at intervals, and the second splitting hole is located between two adjacent first splitting holes; a first splitting rod with a pressure direction facing the free surface is arranged in the first splitting hole, and a tensile force is formed to promote the splitting of the mineral layer by applying pressure to the hole wall of the first splitting hole facing the free surface; a second splitting rod with a pressure direction facing the first splitting holes on both sides is arranged in the second splitting hole, and an extrusion force is formed on the mineral layer between the second splitting hole and the first splitting hole to promote its rupture by the second splitting rod; (5) After the splitting operation is completed in the entire mining area, a crusher is used to further crush the split ore layer in the mining area, and a scraper is used to clean and transport the crushed ore; (6) Repeat steps (2) to (5) to carry out tunnel excavation and mining.

2. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The core drilling rig has a drilling diameter of 220 mm and a length of 1000 mm, and the overlap between adjacent drilling holes on the tunnel cross-section contour line is 80-100 mm.

3. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent cleavage holes is 3-4 times the diameter of the cleavage holes.

4. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (6), after setting support at the top of the tunnel, steps (2) to (5) are repeated to carry out tunnel excavation and mining.

5. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (2), when drilling holes along the contour line, an area without drilling holes is left in the center of the top of the tunnel, and drilling holes are continuously drilled downward from both sides of the area to form a partition wall in the middle of the tunnel that divides the tunnel into two left and right mining areas; the left and right mining areas respectively carry out the operations of steps (3) to step (5), and after completion, preliminary supports are respectively set on the tops of the left and right areas, and then the partition wall in the middle is broken and the mining is cleared and loaded onto trucks.

6. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), during the splitting operation of each layer, the splitting holes of the layer are all placed with splitting rods and then the splitting operation is performed uniformly, or the splitting holes of the layer are divided into several areas, and the splitting rods are placed and the splitting operation is performed in each area in sequence in stages.

7. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the wedge-shaped mechanisms extending from both sides of the second splitting rod are used to apply pressure to the hole wall of the second splitting hole facing the first splitting hole. While the top of the wedge-shaped mechanism destroys the mineral layer on the hole wall, the wedge-shaped surface of the wedge-shaped mechanism applies an extrusion force to the mineral layer to force it to split.

8. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of wedge-shaped mechanisms extending toward both sides of the second splitting bar are arranged along the length direction of both sides of the second splitting bar, the tips of the wedge-shaped mechanisms face outwards, and the wedge-shaped surfaces thereof are parallel to the axis of the second splitting bar.

9. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: Both sides of the wedge-shaped mechanism are provided with wedge-shaped surfaces, and the slopes of the wedge-shaped surfaces on the two sides are the same.

10. A mine tunnel excavation method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The second splitting rod is provided with a hydraulic oil circuit, and the hydraulic oil is used to push the wedge-shaped mechanism to exert a squeezing force on the ore layer.

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