Design method of beam pointing regulation and control antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a beam pointing regulation antenna design method, which belongs to the technical field of antennas, and comprises the following steps: determining the number N of array elements required for forming an antenna, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements according to the beam pointing requirement, the beam width and the directional diagram requirement of a to-be-designed antenna; establishing a shovel-shaped feed metasurface antenna as an array element; establishing an antenna linear array by the N array elements according to the array element spacing d; establishing a one-to-N feed network by taking the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference of the adjacent array elements as output indexes of the feed network; and the one-to-N feed network is connected with the antenna linear array to form the beam pointing regulation and control antenna. The antenna can be compact, the influence of parasitic radiation of the feed network on the antenna beam can be suppressed, the radiation pattern of the antenna is optimized, and the antenna has high engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a design method for a beam pointing control antenna. Background Art

[0002] Phased array antennas offer flexible beamforming and control. Due to their high flexibility and precision, strong anti-interference capabilities, and wide coverage, beam-steering antennas are widely used in wireless communications, satellite communications, radar systems, and other fields. With the continuous advancement of antenna technology, beam-steering antennas are developing towards more intelligent, efficient, and flexible beam pointing. However, this type of antenna array is becoming larger and larger, occupying a large space. The feed network that feeds the antenna will also become larger and more complex, and the entire feed network will also be subject to parasitic radiation issues.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a beam pointing control antenna design method to design a compact antenna that suppresses the influence of the parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a design method for a beam pointing control antenna, which can achieve antenna compactness and suppress the influence of parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for designing a beam pointing control antenna, the method comprising:

[0007] Step 1. According to the target antenna operating frequency f, beam pointing , beam width B, and the index requirements of the directional pattern, determine the number of array elements N required to constitute the antenna, the array element spacing d, and the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements (i1, i2, ..., i N-1 ,i N ) and the phase difference Φ between adjacent array elements;

[0008] Step 2. Establish a shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna unit as an array element;

[0009] Step 3. Create an antenna linear array using the N array elements according to the array element spacing d;

[0010] Step 4. Using the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements as output indicators of the feeding network, a one-to-N feeding network is established;

[0011] Step 5. Connect the one-to-N feed network to the antenna array to form a beam-steering antenna.

[0012] Optionally, in step 1, according to the antenna operating frequency f and the required beam pointing , calculate the array element spacing d, the formula is:

[0013] ;

[0014] ;

[0015] Where c is the speed of light;

[0016] The calculation formula of the phase difference between adjacent array elements is:

[0017] ;

[0018] Where, Φ is the phase difference between adjacent array elements;

[0019] According to the antenna beam width B requirement, determine the required number of array elements N:

[0020] Round up and add 1;

[0021] Determine the excitation amplitude ratio of N antenna elements according to the antenna pattern requirements;

[0022] ;

[0023] Where D represents the antenna pattern, i n is the excitation amplitude ratio of the array element, j is the imaginary number sign, and θ is the angle.

[0024] Optionally, in step 2, the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna includes: a microstrip patch antenna metal ground, a first dielectric substrate, a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch, a second dielectric substrate and a metal metasurface; and the metal metasurface is composed of K×K rectangular patches arranged in a rectangular grid, and K is an integer.

[0025] Optionally, in step 3, the initial size of the shovel-shaped radiating metal patch is determined based on the parameters of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate (dielectric substrate thickness, dielectric constant, loss tangent) and the antenna array element spacing, and the initial wide side of the shovel-shaped patch is set to 0.75d and the narrow side is set to 0.5d; the number K of the rectangular metal metasurfaces and the size of the metasurface rectangular patches are determined, usually K is 3 or 4, and the size of the K×K rectangular metasurface is less than d×d.

[0026] Optionally, in step 4, the established one-to-N feeding network includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network, wherein:

[0027] The first feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a first metal ground of the first feeding network, a third dielectric substrate, a first metal pattern of the first feeding network, a fourth dielectric substrate and a second metal ground of the first feeding network;

[0028] The second feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a second feeding network first metal ground, a fifth dielectric substrate, a second feeding network metal pattern, a sixth dielectric substrate, and a second feeding network second metal ground.

[0029] Optionally, the first feeding network and the second feeding network are both composed of a one-to-two power splitter in a tree topology structure, the first feeding network includes an input end and M output ends, and the second feeding network includes M input ends and N output ends; M is a positive number, M is less than N; the output end of the first feeding network is vertically fed to the second feeding network through a metallized via, serving as the input end of the second feeding network.

[0030] Optionally, based on the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements, the output phase difference of each stage of the sub-feed network is determined, and the phase difference between any two array elements X and Y is (YX)Φ, where X and Y are array element numbers.

[0031] Optionally, in step 5, the beam pointing control antenna includes 6 layers of dielectric substrates, which are the second, first, sixth, fifth, fourth, and third dielectric substrates from top to bottom. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are used to set the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna, and the third to sixth dielectric substrates are used to set the feeding network.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] (1) The present invention proposes a method for designing a beam-pointing control antenna using a shovel-fed metasurface antenna and a multi-stage feeding network. This method provides a design method and ideas for designing antennas with different beam directions, which can achieve antenna compactness and suppress the influence of the parasitic radiation of the feeding network on the antenna beam.

[0034] (2) The beam pointing control antenna designed by the method of the present invention divides a feeding network into two sub-feeding networks and connects them in a vertical transition manner, so that the entire antenna structure is compact and the overall antenna space occupied is reduced.

[0035] (3) The beam pointing control antenna designed by the method of the present invention adopts a two-stage folded feeding network, which effectively suppresses the parasitic radiation of the feeding network, optimizes the radiation pattern of the antenna, and has high engineering application value.

[0036] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0039] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1 (a) is an exploded view of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 1(b) is a top view of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG1( c ) is a diagram of a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch of a microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 1(d) is a diagram of the metal metasurface of the microstrip patch antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 (a) is an exploded view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2(b) is a top view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] FIG3 (a) is an exploded view of a first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] FIG3( b ) is a top view of the first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] FIG3 (c) is a tree topology diagram of a first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] FIG3 (d) is a diagram of a one-to-two power splitter used in the first stage of the first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] FIG3( e ) is a diagram of a one-to-two power splitter used in other stages of the first feed network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] FIG3( f ) is a top view of the metal pattern of the first feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] FIG4( a ) is an exploded view of a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] FIG4( b ) is a top view of the second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] FIG4 (c) is a tree topology diagram of a second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] FIG4( d ) is a diagram of a one-to-two power splitter used in the second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] FIG4( e ) is a top view of the metal pattern of the second feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 5 This is an exploded diagram of a feeding network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] FIG6( a ) is a schematic diagram of a beam-steering antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] FIG6( b ) is an exploded view of a beam pointing antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] FIG6( c ) is a top view of the beam pointing antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG6( d ) is a top view of the shovel-shaped radiating metal patch of the beam-pointing antenna after being connected to the second feed network metal pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 7 This is an S11 curve diagram of the beam pointing control antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 8 This is a gain diagram of the beam pointing control antenna of an embodiment of the present invention when the beam is pointed at 56° at 34 GHz;

[0064] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a beam pointing control antenna design method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] In the figure: 1-metal ground of microstrip patch antenna; 2-first dielectric substrate; 3-shovel-shaped radiating metal patch; 4-second dielectric substrate; 5-metal metasurface; 6-first metal ground of first feeding network; 7-third dielectric substrate; 8-metal pattern of first feeding network; 81-first transmission line; 82-second transmission line; 83-third transmission line; 84-fourth transmission line; 85-first isolation resistor; 9-fourth dielectric substrate; 10-second metal ground of first feeding network; 11-first metalized via; 12-first metal ground of second feeding network; 13-fifth dielectric substrate; 14-metal pattern of second feeding network; 141-fifth transmission line; 142-sixth transmission line; 143-second isolation resistor; 15-sixth dielectric substrate; 16-second metal ground of second feeding network; 17-second metalized via; 18-vertical transition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. In addition, various serial numbers and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0067] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] See also Figure 9 As shown, the present invention provides a beam pointing control antenna design method, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0069] Step 1. Based on the antenna beam pointing requirements, beam width, and radiation pattern requirements, determine the number of array elements N required to form the antenna, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements, and the phase difference between adjacent array elements.

[0070] Step 2. Create a shovel-fed metasurface antenna as an array element;

[0071] Step 3. Create an antenna array with N elements according to the element spacing d;

[0072] Step 4. Use the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements as the output indicators of the feeding network to establish a one-to-N feeding network;

[0073] Step 5. Connect the one-to-N feed network to the antenna array to form a beam-steering antenna.

[0074] The following is a detailed description of a specific implementation of a beam pointing control antenna design method of the present invention;

[0075] In a specific embodiment, the center frequency f of the target antenna is 34 GHz and the beam is directed to The antenna pattern is 56°, the H-plane 3dB beamwidth B is no more than 8°, and the antenna radiation pattern index requirements are met. It is determined that the number of array elements N required to constitute the antenna is 24, the array element spacing d is 4.3 mm, the ratio of the excitation amplitude ratio of the 24 array elements is 1, and the phase difference Φ of adjacent array elements is 145°.

[0076] As shown in Figure 1 (a), the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna includes: a microstrip patch antenna metal ground 1, a first dielectric substrate 2, a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch 3, a second dielectric substrate 4 and a metal metasurface 5, wherein the metal metasurface 5 is composed of 3×3 rectangular structures arranged in a rectangular grid.

[0077] As shown in FIG1( a ) and FIG1 ( b ), the first dielectric substrate 2 and the second dielectric substrate 4 in this example are both made of Rogers 4003, with a length of 7.25 mm, a width of 4.3 mm, and thicknesses of h1 = 0.254 mm and h2 = 0.254 mm, respectively. The loss tangent is tanδ = 0.0027, and the dielectric constant is ε = 3.55.

[0078] As shown in Figures 1(c) and 1(d), based on the parameters of the first and second dielectric substrates (thickness, dielectric constant ε, loss tangent tanδ) and the antenna element spacing d, the initial wide side of the spade-shaped radiating metal patch was set to 3.225 mm, and the narrow side was set to 2.15 mm. The number of rectangular metal metasurfaces, K, was set to 3. The finite element method was then used to optimize the structure and dimensions of the spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna, resulting in a spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna. The spade shape of the spade-shaped radiating metal patch is obtained by truncating a triangle from a rectangle with a length of 2.923 mm and a width of 2.13 mm. The triangle has a long side of 0.8 mm and a short side of 0.62 mm. The 3×3 rectangular metal patterns are all of different sizes. The side length of the central square metal pattern is 1.2 mm, the side length of the four squares at the four corners is 0.7 mm, and the length of the remaining rectangles is 1.2 mm and the width is 0.7 mm.

[0079] As shown in FIG2( a ), in this embodiment, the antenna array (antenna linear array) is composed of N=24 array elements placed in parallel with an array element spacing d=4.3 mm. The total length of the antenna array is 103.2 mm and the width is 7.25 mm.

[0080] As shown in Figures 3(a) and 4(a), in this embodiment, the one-to-N feed network includes two sub-feed networks: a first feed network and a second feed network. The first feed network includes, from bottom to top, a first metal ground 6 of the first feed network, a third dielectric substrate 7, a first metal pattern 8 of the first feed network, a fourth dielectric substrate 9, and a second metal ground 10 of the first feed network. The second feed network includes, from bottom to top, a first metal ground 12 of the second feed network, a fifth dielectric substrate 13, a second metal pattern 14 of the second feed network, a sixth dielectric substrate 15, and a second metal ground 16 of the second feed network. Both sub-feed networks are constructed using a one-to-two power splitter in a tree topology. The one-to-two power splitter includes one input, two outputs, and an isolation resistor.

[0081] As shown in Figures 3(c) and 4(c), the first feed network includes one input and 12 outputs, while the second feed network includes 12 inputs and 24 outputs. The outputs of the first feed network are vertically fed to the second feed network through metallized vias, serving as the inputs of the second feed network.

[0082] In this embodiment, based on the excitation amplitude ratio of 24 array elements being 1 and the phase difference of adjacent array elements being 145°, the output amplitude ratio of each output terminal of the second feeding network is obtained to be 1, and the phase difference of adjacent output terminals is 145°; the output amplitude ratio of each output terminal of the third stage of the first feeding network is obtained to be 1, and the phase difference of adjacent output terminals is 290° (145°×2) or 70° (360°-(145°×2)), and whether it is 290° or 70° depends on the placement position of the one-to-two power splitter in the second feeding network and the first feeding network. The relationship between the two networks is 290° in this embodiment; the output amplitude ratio of each output terminal of the second stage of the first feeding network is 1, and the phase difference between adjacent output terminals is 75° (145°×3-360°) or 285° (360°-(145°×3-360°)). Whether it is 75° or 285° depends on the placement position relationship between the one-to-two power splitter of the second stage of the first feeding network and the one-to-two power splitter of the third stage of the first feeding network. In this embodiment, it is 75°; the first feeding network has only 12 output terminals, the number of which is between 2 3 and 2 4 In this embodiment, the output amplitude ratio of the first-stage feeding network output terminal of the first feeding network is set to 2:1, and the phase difference between adjacent output terminals is 220° or 140°, which is 220° in this embodiment.

[0083] The parameters of the dielectric substrate affect the size, routing difficulty, and performance of the sub-feed network. In this embodiment, the third dielectric substrate 7, the fourth dielectric substrate 9, the fifth dielectric substrate 13, and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 are all made of Rogers 4003 material, have a loss tangent of tanδ=0.0027, a dielectric constant of ε=3.55, and thicknesses of h3=0.508 mm, h4=0.254 mm, h5=0.508 mm, and h6=0.508 mm, respectively. The length of the third dielectric substrate 7 and the fourth dielectric substrate 9 is 103.2 mm, and the width is 14 mm. The length of the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 is 103.2 mm, and the width is 6.75 mm.

[0084] Referring to Figures 3(a) to 4(e), based on the parameters of the dielectric substrates of the feed network and the output specifications of each stage of the feed network, a one-to-two power splitter is established at each stage and connected to form a sub-feed network using a serpentine wiring method. The input and output ends of the first feed network, as well as the transmission lines connecting the one-to-two power splitters at each stage, are all 50Ω transmission lines with a width of 0.55mm. In the first stage of the first feed network, the widths of the first transmission line 81, the second transmission line 82, and the third transmission line 83 of the one-to-two power splitter are 0.1mm, 0.55mm, and 0.47mm, respectively. The output amplitude ratios of the output ends of the other stages of the first feed network are all 1, and the one-to-two power splitters used are all the same, with an equal-splitting structure. The width of the fourth transmission line 84 is 0.33mm. The input and output of the second feed network are both 50Ω transmission lines with a width of 0.38mm. The second feed network has only one stage, and the output amplitude ratio at the output is 1. Each one-to-two power splitter has the same structure and output specifications. The widths of the fifth transmission line 141 and the sixth transmission line 142 are 0.24mm and 0.38mm, respectively. The first isolation resistor 85 and the second isolation resistor 143 used in the sub-feed network both have a resistance of 100Ω, are 0402 model, and have a package size of 1mm×0.5mm.

[0085] See also Figure 5As shown in Figure 6 (d), the established second feeding network is flipped and placed above the first feeding network so that its feeding direction is opposite to that of the first feeding network. The M input terminals of the second feeding network and the M output terminals of the first feeding network are aligned and connected one-to-one using a vertical transition 18 to obtain a one-point twenty-four feeding network. The input terminal of this network is the input terminal of the first feeding network, and the output terminal is the twenty-four output terminal of the second feeding network. At the same time, in order to adjust the matching between the transmission line and the vertical transition 18, 7 first metallized vias 11 are arranged around each vertical transition 18. The via radius is 0.1 mm and is distributed around the vertical transition 18 with a radius of 0.95 mm with the vertical transition 18 as the center. The via passes through the third dielectric substrate 7, the fourth dielectric substrate 9, the second metal ground 10 of the first feeding network, the first metal ground 12 of the second feeding network, the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 to connect the first metal ground 6 of the first feeding network and the second metal ground 16 of the second feeding network.

[0086] Furthermore, the established one-to-twenty-four feed network and antenna array are connected to form a beam pointing control antenna. At the same time, in order to eliminate the influence of the feed network on the antenna performance, the one-to-twenty-four feed network and the antenna array are separated by a row of second metallized vias 17 on the left and right sides of the via. The via preferably has a radius of 0.25 mm and a spacing of 0.7 mm, and passes through the fifth dielectric substrate 13 and the sixth dielectric substrate 15 to connect the first metal ground 12 of the second feed network and the second metal ground 16 of the second feed network.

[0087] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, where: Figure 7 This is the S11 parameter diagram of the beam pointing control antenna. As can be seen from the figure, at a frequency of 34 GHz, S11 = -19.7 dB, and the bandwidth when S11 < -15 dB is 7.32 GHz. The antenna has good impedance matching characteristics and a very wide bandwidth. Figure 8 Figure 2 is the gain diagram of the beam pointing control antenna at 34 GHz when the beam is pointed at 56°. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna gain is 12.5 dBi with a very low sidelobe level. The 3 dB beamwidth of the antenna H plane (phi = 0°) is 7.73°, and the -8 dB beamwidth of the E plane (phi = 90°) is 340°.

[0088] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiment, the present invention provides a method for designing a beam pointing control antenna, which includes: first, according to the beam pointing requirements, beam width and radiation pattern requirements of the antenna to be designed, determining the number of array elements N, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements required to constitute the antenna; then, establishing a shovel-fed metasurface antenna model and using the model as the array element; then, using the N array elements to establish an antenna linear array according to the array element spacing d; further, using the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements as output indicators of the feeding network, a one-to-N feeding network is established; finally, the one-to-N feeding network is connected to the antenna array to form a beam pointing control antenna. The present invention divides a feed network into two sub-feed networks - a first feed network and a second feed network. The second feed network is flipped over the first feed network and its feeding direction is opposite to that of the first feed network. The two parts of the feed network are connected in a vertical transition manner to construct a compact beam pointing control feed network. This compact feed network reduces the overall space occupied by the antenna. The use of a folded two-stage feed network suppresses the parasitic radiation of the feed network, optimizes the radiation pattern of the antenna, and has high engineering application value.

[0089] The above is a detailed introduction to a beam pointing control antenna design method provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. At the same time, for general technical personnel in this field, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0090] It should be noted that the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer.

[0091] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0092] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A beam pointing control antenna design method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1. According to the requirements of the antenna beam pointing, beam width and radiation pattern to be designed, determine the number of array elements N required to form the antenna, the array element spacing d, the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference Φ of adjacent array elements; Step 2. Establish a spade-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna unit as an array element; Step 3. Use the N array elements to establish an antenna linear array according to the array element spacing d; Step 4. Using the excitation amplitude ratio of the N array elements and the phase difference between adjacent array elements as output indicators of the feeding network, a one-to-N feeding network is established; Step 5. Connect the one-to-N feeding network to the antenna array to form a beam-pointing control antenna.

2. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, according to the antenna operating frequency f and the required beam pointing , calculate the array element spacing d, the formula is: ； ； Where c is the speed of light; The calculation formula of the phase difference between adjacent array elements is: ； Where Φ is the phase difference between adjacent array elements; According to the antenna beam width B requirement, determine the required number of array elements N: Round up and add 1; According to the antenna pattern requirements, determine the excitation amplitude ratio of N antenna array elements; ； Where D represents the antenna pattern, i n is the excitation amplitude ratio of the array element, j is the sign of the imaginary number, and θ is the angle.

3. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna includes: a microstrip patch antenna metal ground, a first dielectric substrate, a shovel-shaped radiating metal patch, a second dielectric substrate and a metal metasurface; and the metal metasurface is composed of K×K rectangular patches arranged in a rectangular grid, and K is an integer.

4. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the initial size of the shovel-shaped radiating metal patch is determined according to the parameters of the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, and the antenna array element spacing, and the number K of metal metasurfaces and the size of the metasurface rectangular patch are determined.

5. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4, the one-to-N feeding network established includes a first feeding network and a second feeding network, wherein: The first feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a first metal ground of the first feeding network, a third dielectric substrate, a first metal pattern of the first feeding network, a fourth dielectric substrate and a second metal ground of the first feeding network; The second feeding network includes, arranged in order from bottom to top: a second feeding network first metal ground, a fifth dielectric substrate, a second feeding network metal pattern, a sixth dielectric substrate and a second feeding network second metal ground.

6. A beam pointing control antenna design method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first feeding network and the second feeding network are both composed of a one-to-two power divider in a tree topology structure. The first feeding network includes an input terminal and M output terminals, and the second feeding network includes M input terminals and N output terminals. M is a positive number, and M is less than N. The output terminal of the first feeding network is vertically fed to the second feeding network through a metallized via, serving as the input terminal of the second feeding network.

7. A beam pointing control antenna design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Based on the excitation amplitude ratio of N array elements and the phase difference of adjacent array elements, the output phase difference of each stage of the sub-feed network is determined. The phase difference between any two array elements X and Y is (YX)Φ, where X and Y are the array element numbers.

8. The method for designing a beam pointing control antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the beam pointing control antenna comprises 6 layers of dielectric substrates, namely, the second, first, sixth, fifth, fourth and third dielectric substrates from top to bottom. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are used to set up the shovel-shaped patch-fed metasurface antenna, and the third to sixth dielectric substrates are used to set up the feeding network.

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