Novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hard rock cutting and tunneling, and particularly relates to a composite vibration rock breaking device based on a disc cutter, the composite vibration rock breaking device comprises a cutting assembly, an axial excitation device, a radial excitation device, a driving assembly and a supporting assembly, the rear part of the supporting assembly is fixedly connected with a cutting arm of a tunneling machine; the cutting assembly is fixedly connected with the front end of the supporting assembly internally provided with an excitation device; the driving assembly is arranged in the supporting assembly and is connected with the excitation device; the driving device enables the cutting device to vibrate in the radial direction and also to vibrate in the axial direction at the same time. According to the invention, the disc-shaped cutter impacts the rock by utilizing compound vibration, and the wedge surface of the disc-shaped cutter collapses the rock, so that the rock is efficiently cut; compared with a traditional milling rock breaking mode and a TBM rolling mode, abrasion of the cutter is greatly reduced, and therefore the service life of the cutter is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of hard rock cutting and tunneling, and in particular relates to a novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on a disc cutter. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous progress of society, the underground engineering construction in my country is increasing. Due to the problems of short tool life, low breakage efficiency, and heavy cutting load, hard rock excavation has always been a technical problem for us. When facing hard and extremely hard rocks with a general hardness coefficient of f>8, the above problems are more serious. Therefore, when facing hard rocks, most of them still use the drilling and blasting method; however, the drilling and blasting method has the disadvantages of under-excavation or over-excavation, large disturbance to the surrounding rock, and poor safety.

[0003] At present, rock excavation equipment mainly adopts two methods: pick milling rock breaking and TBM roller cutter rock breaking. However, both methods have some disadvantages: when using pick milling rock breaking to break hard rocks, the picks are seriously worn and easily cause a lot of economic consumption. In addition, as the power increases and the machine body vibrates forward, the life of equipment accessories will be greatly shortened. TBM roller cutter rock breaking uses the cutter disc to drive the roller cutter to form an extrusion impact between the cutter and the rock, which requires a strong propulsion force. In fact, the energy used for cutting and breaking the rock accounts for a very small proportion, so the cutting efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a new type of composite vibration rock breaking device based on a disc cutter, which is capable of overcoming the tensile strength of rock to achieve efficient rock cutting; at the same time, because the disc cutter can rub against the rock to produce self-rotation, the wear of the disc cutter is greatly reduced, and the service life of the disc cutter is extended.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted is: a new type of composite vibration rock breaking device based on a disc cutter, including a cutting assembly, an axial excitation device, a radial excitation device, a driving assembly and a supporting assembly, the rear part of the supporting assembly is connected and fixed to the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine; the cutting assembly is connected and fixed to the front end of the supporting assembly containing the excitation device inside; the cutting assembly rotates freely through friction with the rock, the driving assembly is inside the supporting assembly and connected to the excitation device; the driving device enables the cutting device to vibrate axially while vibrating radially; the device can also perform high-frequency radial vibration or axial vibration alone through the internal mechanism.

[0006] According to the composite vibration rock breaking device of the present invention, the eccentric mechanism in the rock breaking device is started, and the eccentric mechanism drives the main shaft to perform high-frequency oscillation, so that the disc cutter can perform axial oscillation to break the rock.

[0007] According to the composite vibration rock breaking device of the present invention, the driving device in the rock breaking device is started, and the main shaft drives the sinusoidal cam plate to make the disc cutter vibrate axially, and the wedge surface of the disc cutter is used to break the rock. The disc cutter can also be made to vibrate only radially by adjusting the front cutter head fixed end cover.

[0008] Through the above scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the disc cutter is subjected to compound vibration through the eccentric mechanism and the disc cam mechanism, and different rock breaking methods can be adopted according to different rock conditions. The centrifugal force generated by the eccentric mechanism and the rotation of the eccentric main shaft can be used to make the disc cutter vibrate at high frequency to cause fatigue cracks in the rock; the axial mechanism can also be used to make the wedge surface of the disc cutter use the low tensile strength of the rock to cause the rock to collapse and reduce the cutting force; the disc cutter can also be started at the same time to produce compound motion, thereby improving the cutting efficiency of the rock and expanding the range of rock types that can be broken.

[0009] When the disc cutter is breaking rock by composite vibration, the disc cutter rubs against the rock and rotates. This follow-up motion can reduce the wear of the disc cutter and increase its service life, thereby reducing costs and solving problems such as uneven wear and severe wear of the disc cutter.

[0010] The device of the present invention adopts a block disassembly design. When the cutting head is severely worn, only the disc cutter needs to be disassembled and replaced. The connection between the main shaft and the radial vibration mechanism and the axial vibration mechanism are all detachable mechanisms, so the worn parts can be easily replaced.

[0011] The above description is only a summary of the technical method of the present invention, so that the technical method can be more clearly understood and can be implemented according to its content. The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a front view of the rock breaking device of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rock breaking device of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the front end of the rock breaking device of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the end of the rock breaking device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A.

[0017] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Disc knife; 2. Knife cylinder; 3. Left end cover of the shell; 4. Second axis; 5. Lug; 6. Wrist; 7. Shell; 8. Knife cylinder fixed end cover; 9. First axis; 10. Knife disc fixed end cover; 11. Second bearing; 12. Spindle connecting middle section; 13. Spindle connecting rear section; 14. Eccentric mechanism drive; 15. Spindle drive; 16. Eccentric mass block; 17. Third bearing; 18. Spindle; 19. First bearing; 20. Rebound mechanism; 21. Cylindrical slider; 22. Sine cam disc; 23. Fixed disc; 24. Spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings and examples to explain the specific embodiments of the present invention in more detail. The following embodiments are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be pointed out that when one element is "connected" or "connected" to another element, they can be considered to be directly connected or connected, but it should be recognized that there may be intermediate elements between them, which includes direct and indirect connection positional relationships.

[0020] It should be noted that when the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are used to describe the various elements of the present invention, they do not mean any limitation of order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish one element from another.

[0021] It should be noted that when using words such as "up", "down", "left" and "right" to indicate directions, it is only for the convenience of explaining the relationship of relative positions, and does not require that the device or element mentioned must have a specific direction, or be constructed and operated in a specific direction; when the absolute position of the object being described changes, this relative position relationship will also change accordingly.

[0022] This embodiment discloses a novel composite vibration rock-breaking device based on a disc-type cutter, including a support assembly whose rear portion is connected and fixed to the cutting arm of a tunnel boring machine; the cutting assembly is connected and fixed to the front end of a support assembly containing an excitation device inside; the cutting assembly rotates freely by friction with the rock, and the driving assembly is inside the support assembly and connected to the excitation device; the driving device enables the cutting device to vibrate axially while vibrating radially; the device can also be made to vibrate at high frequency radially or axially alone through an internal mechanism.

[0023] See also Figure 1The accompanying figure shows the structure of the rock breaking device. The disc cutter 1 is connected to the cutter barrel 2 and is jointly arranged on the main shaft 18 for rotation. The axis of the disc cutter 1 and the axis of the housing 7 are not on the same horizontal line. The axis of the disc cutter is regarded as the first axis 9, and the axis of the connecting shaft and the housing is regarded as the second axis 4. In this embodiment, the first axis 9 is parallel to the second axis 4 with an eccentricity difference of 3 mm, in order to increase the radial vibration force of the disc cutter.

[0024] The disc cutter 1 is fixed at the front end of the cutter barrel 2. When the disc cutter 1 is severely worn, it can be removed and replaced. The axis of the disc cutter 1 coincides with the first axis. The disc cutter 1 rotates due to friction with the rock, which reduces the wear of the disc cutter 1.

[0025] Depend on Figures 2 to 4 It can be seen that the main shaft 18 is connected and fixed to the main shaft connecting middle section 12, the main shaft 18 connecting middle section is fixed to the main shaft connecting rear section 13, the eccentric mass block 16 is fixed inside the main shaft connecting middle section 12 through the second bearing 17, and the main shaft 18, the main shaft connecting middle section 12, and the main shaft connecting rear section 13 are fixed inside the housing 7 under the action of the third bearing 11.

[0026] In order to prevent sand from entering the first bearing (sliding bearing) 19 and damaging the bearing, a cutter disc fixed end cover 10 and a cutter barrel fixed end cover 8 are provided on the outer end surface of the first bearing (sliding bearing) 19 to prevent the bearing from being damaged.

[0027] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the fixed plate 23 is fixedly connected to the inside of the knife cylinder 2 and rotates coaxially therewith; the sinusoidal cam plate 22 is installed at the front end of the main shaft 18 and rotates coaxially therewith; the cylindrical slider 21 slides up and down inside the fixed plate 23 under the excitation of the sinusoidal cam plate 22 and the rebound mechanism 20, and the main shaft 18 is radially fixed to the inside of the knife cylinder 2 through the first bearing (sliding bearing), so that the main shaft 18 can rotate freely inside the knife cylinder 2 and the knife cylinder 2 can vibrate axially under the drive of the fixed plate 23.

[0028] Depend on Figures 3 to 5 It can be seen that the fixed end cover 10 of the cutter disc is fixed on the front end of the main shaft 18 and rotates coaxially. Under the action of the spring 24, the distance between the fixed end cover 10 of the cutter disc and the front end of the main shaft 18 can be adjusted so that the cylindrical slider 21 and the sinusoidal cam disc 22 no longer contact and generate excitation, so that the rock breaking device can vibrate radially alone.

[0029] Depend on Figures 2 to 5 It can be seen that under the action of the eccentric mechanism drive 14, the eccentric mass block 16 can rotate at high speed along the second axis 4, causing the disc cutter 1 to generate high-frequency vibration to impact the rock; at the same time, under the action of the main shaft drive 15, the main shaft 18 drives the sinusoidal cam plate 22 to rotate at high speed, causing the disc cutter 1 to generate axial vibration to cut the rock.

[0030] The above-mentioned driving device is arranged in the cavity of the wrist 6, and the front end of the transmission shaft of the eccentric mechanism driving 14 is fixedly connected to the eccentric mass block 16, including but not limited to a threaded connection form, and the rear section of the transmission shaft is connected to the motor through a connection form including but not limited to a spline or a coupling; the main shaft drive 15 realizes transmission through the gear meshing with the gear of the rear section 13 of the main shaft connection.

[0031] Specifically, the spindle drive device 15 in the present invention is a hydraulic motor, there are three of them, each separated by 120°; the eccentric mechanism drive 14 in the present invention is an electric motor which can be replaced with other power equipment capable of providing power according to specific circumstances, such as a hydraulic motor, etc.; the eccentric mass block 16 in the present invention can be replaced with other equipment capable of inducing oscillation according to specific circumstances, such as an electromagnetic oscillation equipment, etc.

[0032] The working principle of the composite vibration in the present invention is as follows: the eccentric mass block 16 provides rotational power through the eccentric mechanism drive 14, so that the eccentric mass block 16 causes high-frequency oscillation in the main shaft connection middle section 12, and the oscillation is transmitted to the rock through the disc cutter 1. The rotational power provided by the main shaft 18 through the main shaft drive 15 excites the sinusoidal cam plate 22, and under the action of the cylindrical slider 21, the fixed plate 23 and the rebound mechanism 20, the knife barrel 2 vibrates axially, and the knife barrel 2 drives the disc cutter 1 to generate axial vibration. Composite vibration is generated under the two excitation devices, and radial vibration causes stress accumulation inside the rock, causing relative displacement of internal particles and accumulating elastic potential energy. When the accumulation reaches the destruction limit, the axial vibration causes the wedge surface of the disc cutter to scrape against the rock, destroying the tensile strength of the rock and causing large-scale rock collapse.

[0033] It should be noted that the size and length of the eccentric mass block 16, the amplitude and vibration frequency of the sinusoidal cam disc 22 are different according to the type of rock to be cut. According to the type of rock to be cut, the rotation speed of the eccentric block drive 14 and the spindle drive 15, and the distance between the cutter head fixed end cover 10 and the front end face of the spindle 18 are adjusted to achieve efficient and accurate rock breaking effect.

[0034] In summary, the rock breaking method provided by the present invention can improve the cutting efficiency, reduce the cutting force on the disc cutter, expand the rock application range, reduce the wear of the disc cutter, and reduce the cost of rock breaking.

[0035] What is described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art may make several modifications and variations without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A new type of composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter, characterized in that: It includes a cutting assembly, an axial excitation device, a radial excitation device, a driving assembly and a supporting assembly. The rear part of the supporting assembly is connected and fixed to the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine; the cutting assembly is connected and fixed to the front end of the supporting assembly containing the excitation device inside; the cutting assembly rotates freely through friction with the rock, and the driving assembly is inside the supporting assembly and connected to the excitation device; the driving device enables the cutting device to vibrate axially while vibrating radially; the device can also perform high-frequency radial vibration or axial vibration alone through the internal mechanism.

2. According to the novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter in claim 1, it is characterized in that: The cutting assembly comprises: a disc-shaped knife (1), a knife barrel (2), a main shaft (18), a knife disc fixed end cover (10) and a knife barrel fixed end cover (8); the disc-shaped knife (1) is detachably fixed to the front end of the knife barrel (2) and is fixed by the knife disc fixed end cover (10); the main shaft (18) is detachably fixed to the rear end of the knife barrel (2) and is fixed by the knife disc fixed end cover (10); the main shaft (18) passes through the axial excitation device and is rotatably arranged inside the support assembly.

3. The novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The axial excitation device comprises: a sinusoidal cam plate (22), a cylindrical slider (21), a fixed plate (23), and a rebound mechanism (20); the sinusoidal cam plate (22) is fixedly coaxially rotated with the cutter disc fixed end cover (10) and the main shaft (18); the cylindrical slider (21) moves up and down in the fixed plate (23) through the excitation of the cam plate; the fixed plate (23) and the cutter barrel (2) are fixedly coaxially rotated; the rebound mechanism (20) is sleeved on the fixed plate (23), and the bottom is fixed to one end of the cutter disc fixed end cover (10).

4. The novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first bearing (sliding bearing 10) is provided between the knife cylinder (2) and the main shaft (18) to support the knife cylinder (2) so as to enable the knife cylinder (2) to move axially. The knife cylinder is of a hollow structure.

5. The novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radial excitation device comprises: an eccentric mass block (16), a main shaft connection middle section (12), a main shaft connection rear section (13), and an eccentric mechanism drive (14); the main shaft connection middle section (12) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (18) for coaxial rotation; the main shaft connection rear section (13) is fixedly connected to the main shaft connection middle section (12) for coaxial rotation; the eccentric mass block (16) is rotatably arranged inside the main shaft connection middle section (12) via a third bearing (17); the eccentric mass block connecting shaft is rotatably arranged inside the main shaft connection rear section (13), and rotates coaxially with the eccentric mass block (16) under the drive of the driving mechanism.

6. The novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The axis of the eccentric block (second axis 4) does not coincide with the axis of the main shaft (first axis 9), while the axis of the main shaft (first axis 9) coincides with the center line of the disc cutter. The eccentric mass block (16) is fixed inside the main shaft connecting middle section (12) via a third bearing (17).

7. The novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on a disc cutter according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The drive device is arranged inside the support assembly, and comprises a main shaft drive device (15) and an eccentric mechanism drive device (14). The front end of the main shaft drive device (15) is connected to the rear end of the main shaft connection rear section (13), and the eccentric mechanism drive device (14) is connected to the rear end of the connecting shaft of the eccentric mass block (16) through a coupling, a spline, etc.

8. The novel composite vibration rock breaking device based on disc cutter according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The support assembly is connected and fixed to the cutting arm of the tunnel boring machine.

Images