Photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating equipment based on pulse laser

Abstract

The photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating equipment based on the pulse laser comprises a supporting frame and a supporting base plate fixedly arranged at the top of the supporting frame, a conveying belt assembly is arranged at the top of the supporting base plate, a lifting workbench assembly is arranged in the middle of the conveying belt assembly, and a positioning assembly is arranged at the rear end of the lifting workbench assembly; clamping and overturning assemblies are arranged on the two sides of the lifting workbench assembly respectively, and a pulse laser is arranged above the lifting workbench assembly and used for irradiating a photovoltaic panel to be decomposed so that bonding materials between all layers of materials of the photovoltaic panel can be heated and dissolved; and a horizontal peeling assembly. Automatic continuous feeding, automatic positioning, automatic clamping and overturning, rapid heating decomposition and stripping of materials on the upper layer and the lower layer of the photovoltaic panel can be achieved, so that the automatic disassembling process of the materials on each layer of the photovoltaic panel can be achieved, the disassembling efficiency is high, the effect is good, and environmental protection and energy saving are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery recycling, and in particular to a photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulse laser. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation has made great progress in the past few decades and has become an important form of renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic modules dominate the photovoltaic market due to their mature technology and low cost. At present, since the service life of photovoltaic modules is generally expected to be 25-30 years, with the further increase in installed capacity, the number of retired photovoltaic modules will become larger and larger. The development of recycling technology for photovoltaic modules has been urgently put on the agenda to prevent the possible environmental impact of photovoltaic module waste and recover valuable materials for sustainable development.

[0003] At present, the methods used to recycle waste solar panels are mainly divided into mechanical recycling and chemical methods. Among them, removing EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) is the key in recycling. The chemical method uses chemical reagent leaching method to treat discarded silicon solar cells. It can effectively leach silicon, has high selectivity, good separation effect and low energy consumption, but it has disadvantages such as complex operation, high cost, and even some toxicity. The most important thing is that it is difficult to achieve large-scale green recycling. The mechanical method is to mechanically crush the waste solar panels into particles. The mechanical crushing process is simple to operate and relatively low in cost, but the recycled components are broken, various materials are mixed together, and the purity is low. The next step is to dissolve EVA in an organic solvent, which is time-consuming and harmful to the environment. The expansion of EVA during the dissolution process can also cause the solar cell to rupture. Thermal treatment is almost the most studied and used method at present. However, its high energy consumption and serious exhaust emissions must be further carefully considered. Pyrolysis and chemical treatment can soften or remove EVA, thereby gently peeling off the glass panel. Unfortunately, these processes introduce many expensive and toxic solvents, as well as additional energy costs and harmful emissions. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects and shortcomings, the present invention provides a photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation equipment based on pulse laser, comprehensively considers the advantages and disadvantages of chemical methods and mechanical methods, and proposes a method that can solve the problem of balancing industrial production and green recycling, that is, using pulse laser to irradiate solar photovoltaic panels to replace traditional heating methods to achieve thermal decomposition of EVA inside them, which has lower energy consumption, does not mechanically crush the solar panels, and directly separates the layers as a whole, so that the materials in each layer can be recycled separately, which will not cause pollution to the environment, and is green and efficient.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser comprises a support frame and a support base plate fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame, wherein a conveyor belt assembly is arranged on the top of the support base plate for feeding the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and sending out the materials of each layer formed by disassembly;

[0007] A lifting workbench assembly is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt assembly for placing the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled;

[0008] A positioning assembly is provided at the rear end of the lifting workbench assembly to limit the movement of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled;

[0009] The two sides of the lifting workbench assembly are respectively provided with clamping and flipping assemblies, which are used for clamping and fixing the two sides of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and flipping and switching the disassembly surface during the disassembly process;

[0010] A pulse laser is arranged above the lifting workbench assembly to irradiate the photovoltaic panel to be decomposed so that the bonding materials between the layers of the panels are dissolved by heat;

[0011] And a horizontal stripping component is used for the overall stripping between the uppermost layer material and the lower layer material of the heated photovoltaic panel.

[0012] Furthermore, the conveyor belt assembly includes a feed conveying mechanism arranged at the front end of the lifting worktable assembly, a discharge conveying mechanism arranged at the rear end of the lifting worktable assembly, and a transition conveying mechanism arranged on both sides of the lifting worktable assembly and respectively connected with the feed conveying mechanism and the discharge conveying mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, guide side plates are respectively provided on both sides of the feed conveying mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the lifting workbench assembly includes at least one first lifting cylinder fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the supporting base plate, and a lifting workbench fixedly connected to the output shaft end of each first lifting cylinder and located above the supporting base plate, and the highest position of the top surface of the lifting workbench is located above the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly, and the lowest position is located below the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly.

[0015] Furthermore, the positioning assembly includes a positioning drive motor fixedly installed on the rear end side of the lifting workbench, a positioning baffle plate vertically movably arranged in the top wall of the lifting workbench, and a spring connecting plate fixedly arranged below the positioning baffle plate. The output shaft end of the positioning drive motor and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle plate are connected through a cam mechanism, and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle plate and the top surface of the spring connecting plate are connected through a tension spring.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping and flipping assembly includes a fixed mounting plate arranged above the supporting base plate, a first horizontal displacement mechanism fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the fixed mounting plate, and a displacement frame fixedly connected to the top output end of the first horizontal displacement mechanism, second horizontal displacement mechanisms are fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the displacement frame, a clamping air claw is fixedly connected to the top output end of the second horizontal displacement mechanism, at least one second lifting cylinder is fixedly arranged on the middle bottom surface of the displacement frame, the top output shaft end of the second lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to the first lifting mounting plate located above the displacement frame, and a swing table air claw is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate.

[0017] Furthermore, sleeves are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the fixed mounting plate, and the inner thread of the supporting base plate is connected with a vertically arranged adjusting screw, and the top end of the adjusting screw is movably inserted into the sleeve.

[0018] Furthermore, a lifting bracket is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate, a top plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the lifting bracket, the horizontal peeling assembly includes at least one third lifting cylinder fixedly arranged on the top surface of the top plate, a second lifting mounting plate fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the third lifting cylinder and located below the top plate, at least one linear module fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate, and a peeling push plate fixedly connected to the output end at the bottom of the linear module, and the pulse laser is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate.

[0019] Furthermore, auxiliary brackets are fixedly connected to the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate, through holes are respectively opened on both sides of the top surface of the supporting base plate, the auxiliary brackets are movably inserted into the through holes, and an auxiliary support pad located above the through holes is fixedly provided in the middle of the auxiliary bracket.

[0020] A method for disassembling and separating a photovoltaic panel based on a pulsed laser is also provided, which is applied to the above-mentioned photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating device based on a pulsed laser, and comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1. Place the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly, and the conveyor belt assembly transports the photovoltaic panel to the disassembly work position;

[0022] S2. After the photovoltaic panel is positioned by the positioning assembly, the lifting table assembly moves upward to lift the photovoltaic panel, and the clamping and flipping assembly clamps and fixes the edge of the middle layer material of the photovoltaic panel;

[0023] S3, irradiating the surface of the optical panel with a pulse laser at a preset power for a preset time;

[0024] S4, the horizontal stripping component pushes the top layer of materials on the photovoltaic panel horizontally forward, and the top layer of materials is separated from the middle layer of materials below it and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt component and is sent out;

[0025] S5, the horizontal peeling assembly is reset, the flip assembly is clamped to flip the photovoltaic panel 180° and then clamped and fixed again;

[0026] S6, repeating steps S3 and S4, the flipped uppermost layer of material is separated from the middle layer of material below it, and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt assembly and is sent out;

[0027] S7, the horizontal stripping assembly and the clamping and flipping assembly are reset in sequence, and the lifting table assembly is reset downward to place the remaining middle material layer after disassembly on the conveyor belt assembly, and is sent out by the conveyor belt assembly.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. The present invention realizes automatic continuous feeding of photovoltaic panels by setting a conveyor belt assembly, realizes travel restriction of photovoltaic panels by setting a positioning assembly, realizes temporary separation of photovoltaic panels and conveyor belt assembly by setting a lifting workbench assembly, realizes automatic clamping and upper and lower surface flipping of the middle layer material of the photovoltaic panel by setting a clamping and flipping assembly, irradiates the photovoltaic panel by a pulse laser to quickly heat and decompose the adhesive layer, and realizes separation between the upper and lower layer materials and the middle layer materials of the photovoltaic panel by setting a horizontal stripping assembly, thereby realizing the automatic disassembly process of each layer material of the photovoltaic panel, with high disassembly efficiency and good effect;

[0030] 2. The present invention comprehensively considers the advantages and disadvantages of chemical and mechanical methods, and can solve the problem of balancing industrial production and green recycling. It uses pulsed lasers to irradiate solar photovoltaic panels instead of traditional heating methods to achieve thermal decomposition of EVA inside them, which consumes less energy. It does not mechanically crush the solar panels, but directly separates the layers as a whole, so that the materials in each layer can be recycled separately, which will not cause pollution to the environment and is green and efficient.

[0031] 3. In the clamping and flipping assembly of the present invention, the height of the clamping working position can be adjusted by setting the connection position of the adjusting screw, and the horizontal width of the clamping working position can be adjusted by setting the horizontal longitudinal positioning plates on both sides at the connection position, thereby being able to adapt to the disassembly needs of photovoltaic panels of different sizes and specifications, and having good applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the conveyor belt assembly;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lifting workbench assembly;

[0035] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram of the middle A part;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the profile of a cam used in the cam mechanism;

[0037] Figure 6 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the clamping and flipping assembly;

[0038] Figure 7 The second is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping and flipping assembly;

[0039] Figure 8 The third is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the clamping and flipping assembly;

[0040] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the horizontal peeling component.

[0041] In the figure: 1, support frame; 2, conveyor belt assembly; 201, feed conveying mechanism; 202, discharge conveying mechanism; 203, transition conveying mechanism; 204, guide side plate; 3, lifting workbench assembly; 301, first lifting cylinder; 302, lifting workbench; 4, positioning assembly; 401, positioning drive motor; 402, positioning baffle; 403, spring connecting plate; 404, cam mechanism; 405, tension spring; 406, motor mounting seat; 5, clamping and flipping assembly; 501, fixed mounting plate; 502, first horizontal displacement mechanism; 503 , displacement frame; 504, second horizontal displacement mechanism; 505, second lifting cylinder; 506, first lifting mounting plate; 507, clamping claw; 508, swing table claw; 509 adjusting screw; 510, horizontal longitudinal positioning plate; 6, pulse laser; 7, horizontal peeling assembly; 701, third lifting cylinder; 702, second lifting mounting plate; 703, linear module; 704, peeling push plate; 8, supporting substrate; 801, through hole; 9, lifting bracket; 10, top plate; 101, auxiliary bracket; 102, supporting pad; 100, photovoltaic panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "fixed to" another component, it may be directly fixed on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "or / and" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0045] Since the power mechanism of the pulse laser-based photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation equipment provided by the present invention is mainly composed of linear modules and cylinders, the power supply system and the control systems of other pneumatic components and electric components adopt the general configuration of existing mechanical processing equipment, and the corresponding logic control program can be appropriately modified.

[0046] See also Figures 1 to 9 The present invention provides a photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulse laser, including a support frame 1 and a support substrate 8 fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame 1, and a conveyor belt assembly 2 is arranged on the top of the support substrate 8 for feeding the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled and sending out the various layers of materials formed by the disassembly.

[0047] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the conveyor belt assembly 2 includes a feed conveying mechanism 201 arranged at the front end of the lifting work platform assembly 3, a discharge conveying mechanism 202 arranged at the rear end of the lifting work platform assembly 3, and a transition conveying mechanism 203 arranged on both sides of the lifting work platform assembly 3 and connected with the feed conveying mechanism 201 and the discharge conveying mechanism 202 respectively. The feed conveying mechanism 201, the discharge conveying mechanism 202 and the transition conveying mechanism 203 all adopt a conveyor belt conveying mechanism driven by a servo motor. The conveying directions of the three conveying sections are the same, and the top bearing surfaces of the three sections are located in the same horizontal plane, or are lowered in sequence, so that the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled can be smoothly delivered to the top surface of the lifting table assembly 3 by the feed conveying mechanism 201. The lifting table assembly 3 lifts the photovoltaic panel 100 upward and is in the disassembly working position. After the disassembly is completed, the lifting table assembly 3 descends, so that the remaining middle layer material (silicon plate) of the disassembled photovoltaic panel 100 is placed on the transition conveying mechanism 203, and then sent to the discharge conveying mechanism 202 by the transition conveying mechanism 203 for delivery.

[0048] Preferably, guide side plates 204 are respectively provided on both sides of the feed conveying mechanism 201, so that the photovoltaic panel 100 placed on the top conveying bearing surface of the feed conveying mechanism 201 can automatically adjust its horizontal position by the wire side plates 204 on both sides during the movement, so that the edges on both sides are respectively consistent with the conveying direction (horizontal transverse), which is convenient for the horizontal longitudinal (perpendicular to the conveying direction) positioning of the photovoltaic panel 100 on the top conveying bearing surface of the transition conveying mechanism 203, and facilitates the subsequent accurate clamping.

[0049] A lifting platform assembly 3 is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt assembly 2 for placing the photovoltaic panels 100 to be disassembled. Figure 3 As shown, the lifting platform assembly 3 includes at least one first lifting cylinder 301 fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the support base plate 8, and a lifting platform 302 fixedly connected to the output shaft end of each first lifting cylinder 301 and located above the support base plate 8. In this embodiment, the number of the first lifting cylinders 301 is 4, and they are evenly distributed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the lifting platform 302. The four first lifting cylinders 301 work synchronously to drive the lifting platform 302 to lift vertically smoothly, and the top surface always remains in a horizontal state. When the first lifting cylinder 301 drives the lifting platform 302 to lift and lower, the highest position of the top surface of the lifting platform 302 is located above the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly 2, and the lowest position is located below the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly 2, so that when the lifting platform 302 rises, the photovoltaic panel 100 located on the top conveying bearing surface of the transition conveying mechanism 203 is lifted and separated from the transition conveying mechanism 203; when the lifting platform 302 descends, the remaining intermediate layer material (silicon panel) of the photovoltaic panel 100 after disassembly is placed again on the top conveying bearing surface of the transition conveying mechanism 203, so that it can be sent backward by the transition conveying mechanism 203 to the discharge conveying mechanism 202.

[0050] A positioning assembly 4 is provided at the rear end of the lifting workbench assembly 3 to limit the movement of the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled. Figure 4As shown, the positioning assembly 4 includes a positioning drive motor 401 fixedly mounted on the rear end side of the lifting workbench 302, a positioning baffle 402 vertically movably arranged in the top wall of the lifting workbench 302, and a spring connecting plate 403 fixedly arranged below the positioning baffle 402. The output shaft end of the positioning drive motor 401 is connected to the bottom surface of the positioning baffle 402 through a cam mechanism 404, and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle 403 is connected to the top surface of the spring connecting plate 403 through a tension spring 405. A motor mounting seat 406 is fixedly connected to the rear end side of the lifting workbench 302, and the positioning drive motor 401 is fixedly mounted on the motor mounting seat 406. In order to ensure that the positioning baffle 402 maintains a horizontal top surface and vertical lifting during the lifting process, a guide slot is opened at the rear end of the top surface of the lifting rod workbench 302, and the positioning baffle 402 is movably inserted in the guide slot to guide the vertical movement of the positioning baffle 402; at the same time, the positioning drive motor 401 (both using servo motors) and the cam mechanism 404 are symmetrically arranged in two groups on both sides of the bottom surface of the positioning baffle 403, driving the two ends of the positioning baffle 403 to rise and fall synchronously to ensure the stability of the lifting process.

[0051] Since the photovoltaic panel 100 is composed of three parts, namely, the silicon panel in the middle, the glass panel on the front of the silicon panel, and the back panel on the back of the silicon panel, and the two adjacent material layers are bonded and fixed by EVA material, when the device is used for disassembly, the photovoltaic panel 100 is placed with the front side facing upwards in advance, the glass panel on the top surface is peeled off horizontally first, and then the remaining material is turned 180° so that the back panel faces upwards, and then the back panel on the top is peeled off horizontally. During the peeling process of the glass panel and the back panel, the silicon panel needs to be fixed in the direction of the glass, and the glass panel and the back panel need to be fixed in the direction of the glass. The back plate moves horizontally along the direction of the glass and is separated from the silicon plate. Therefore, the top surface height of the positioning baffle 403 needs to be always between the top and bottom surfaces of the silicon plate, so as to limit the movement of the silicon plate. In the process of peeling off the glass plate, there are silicon plate and back plate under the glass plate, and in the process of peeling off the back plate, there is only silicon plate under it. Therefore, the top surface of the positioning baffle 403 needs to have three different heights to meet the positioning requirements of the three processes of silicon plate positioning and glass plate movement, silicon plate positioning and back plate movement, and silicon plate movement.

[0052] Based on the above requirements, in this embodiment, a cam structure with two curved surfaces having different center distances from the base circle is adopted, such as Figure 5As shown in the figure, L < L1 < L2 in the figure, where L is the radius of the base circle, and L1 and L2 are the center distances between the two curved surfaces and the base circle respectively; the follower of the cam mechanism 404 is a roller follower, and the follower is rotatably installed at the bottom end of the positioning baffle 403 and is in rolling contact with the curved surface of the cam. In this way, when the two positioning drive motors 401 on both sides drive the two cams to rotate synchronously, the lifting movement of the positioning baffle 403 can be driven, and by controlling the different contact positions between the follower and the curved surface, the top surface height of the positioning baffle 403 can be adjusted cyclically. The tension spring 405 is always in a stretched state to ensure that the positioning baffle 403 can descend and reset by itself and ensure reliable contact between the follower and the cam surface.

[0053] Clamping and flipping assemblies 5 are respectively arranged on both sides of the lifting workbench assembly 3 for clamping and fixing both sides of the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled during the disassembly process and flipping and switching the disassembly surface. Taking the clamping and flipping assembly 5 on one side as an example, its specific structural composition and working principle will be described in detail below.

[0054] As Figures 6 to 8 shown, the clamping and flipping assembly 5 includes a fixed mounting plate 501 arranged above the support substrate 8, first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the fixed mounting plate 501, a displacement frame plate 503 fixedly connected to the top output end of the first horizontal displacement mechanism 502, second horizontal displacement mechanisms 504 fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the displacement frame plate 503, a clamping air claw 507 fixedly connected to the top output end of the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504, at least one second lifting cylinder 505 fixedly arranged on the middle bottom surface of the displacement frame plate 503, a first lifting mounting plate 506 fixedly connected to the top output shaft end of the second lifting cylinder 505 and located above the displacement frame plate 503, and a swing table air claw 508 fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate 506.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first horizontal displacement mechanism 502 and the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 both use mechanically combined rodless cylinders, and the number of second lifting cylinders 505 is 2. When the photovoltaic panel 100 is blocked by the positioning baffle 403, the lifting workbench 302 moves upward to lift the photovoltaic panel 100. At this time, the two first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 simultaneously drive the displacement frame 503 to approach the photovoltaic panel 100, and then the two clamping claws 507 respectively clamp the edges of the middle layer material (silicon plate) of the photovoltaic panel 100 to prevent its position from changing during the material separation process. After the glass plate is peeled off, the two clamping claws 507 release the silicon plate, and the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping claws 507 to move horizontally away from the silicon plate; the swing table claws 508 clamp and fix the edge of the silicon plate, and the second lifting cylinder 505 works to drive the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing table claws 508 to rise vertically; the swing table claws 508 rotate 180° to flip the back plate at the bottom of the silicon plate to the top of the silicon plate, and then the second lifting cylinder 505 is reset, so that the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing table claws 508 are lowered and reset; the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping claws 507 to move horizontally and reset and approach the silicon plate again, and clamp the edge of the silicon plate again, and the swing table claws 508 release the silicon plate, completing the material flipping and re-clamping process. After the back plate is separated, the clamping claw 507 releases the silicon plate, and the two first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 on the same side simultaneously drive the displacement frame 503 away from the silicon plate and reset, and the silicon plate falls onto the transition conveying mechanism 203 and is transported to the discharge conveying mechanism 202 through the transition conveying mechanism 203.

[0056] Preferably, sleeves are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the fixed mounting plate 501, and the inner thread of the support substrate 8 is connected with a vertically arranged adjusting screw 509, and the top of the adjusting screw 509 is movably inserted into the sleeve. By adjusting the connection position of the adjusting screw 509 on the support substrate 8, the vertical distance between the fixed mounting plate 501 and the support substrate 8 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the clamping position of the clamping claw 507 and the swing table claw 508 to meet the clamping needs of photovoltaic panels of different thicknesses. The top surface of the displacement frame 503 is fixedly connected to a horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510 on one side close to the lifting workbench 302. When the first horizontal displacement mechanism 502 simultaneously drives the displacement frame 503 to approach the photovoltaic panel 100, the side of the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510 first abuts against the side of the silicon panel, so that the displacement frame 503 cannot continue to move forward, thereby meeting the clamping needs of photovoltaic panels of different widths. A waist-shaped hole is provided at the bottom of the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510, and is fixedly connected to the top surface of the displacement frame 503 by screws located in the waist-shaped hole. By adjusting the connection position of the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 510 on the displacement frame 503, the horizontal distance between the horizontal longitudinal positioning plate 501 and the finger clamping positions of the clamping air claw 507 and the swing table air claw 508 can be adjusted accordingly, so that the edge clamping part of the silicon plate can be located exactly between the fingers of the clamping air claw 507 and the swing table air claw 508, thereby meeting the requirements of different clamping widths of different photovoltaic panels.

[0057] Further preferably, in order to keep the clamping position of the photovoltaic panel 100 unchanged after flipping, the clamping position of the swing table air claw 508 is located at the center of the silicon plate, and the rising height of the swing table air claw 508 is not less than half the length of the silicon plate. The clamping position of the swing table air claw 508 may also be not located at the center of the silicon plate. After flipping, the lifting table 302 is first moved downward, and then the swing table air claw 508 drives the silicon plate downward and places it on the transition conveying mechanism 203. The transition conveying mechanism 203 drives the silicon plate forward until it contacts the positioning baffle 402, and the silicon plate is repositioned.

[0058] A pulse laser 6 is arranged above the lifting workbench assembly 3, which is used to irradiate the internal metal circuit of the photovoltaic panel 100 to be decomposed to make it heat up, and the adhesive materials between the layers of materials of the photovoltaic panel 100 are dissolved by heat; and a horizontal peeling assembly 7 is used for the overall peeling between the uppermost layer of material and the lower layer of material of the heated photovoltaic panel 100.

[0059] Specifically, a lifting bracket 9 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate 506, and a top plate 10 is fixedly arranged on the top of the lifting bracket 9. Fig. 9As shown, the horizontal stripping assembly 7 includes at least one third lifting cylinder 701 fixedly arranged on the top surface of the top plate 10, a second lifting mounting plate 702 fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the third lifting cylinder 701 and located below the top plate 10, at least one linear module 703 fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate 702, and a stripping push plate 704 fixedly connected to the output end at the bottom of the linear module 703, and the pulse laser 6 is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate 702. In this embodiment, the number of the third lifting cylinders 701 is 4, and they are evenly distributed at the four corners of the top surface of the second lifting mounting plate 702. Through the synchronous operation of the four third lifting cylinders 701, the second lifting mounting plate 702 is driven to rise and fall vertically smoothly. The linear modules 703 are arranged in two groups, which are installed parallel to the bottom surface of the human lifting installation plate 702 in the same conveying direction as the transition conveying mechanism 203. The stripping push plate 704 is a "┌"-shaped structure, and its top horizontal section is fixedly connected to the displacement output ends of the two linear modules 703, and its bottom vertical section is located at the bottom surface of the top horizontal section and the end opposite to the conveying direction of the transition conveying mechanism 203. The pulse laser 6 is fixedly arranged between the two linear modules 703.

[0060] When the photovoltaic panel 100 is clamped and fixed by the clamping and flipping assembly 5, the third lifting cylinder 701 drives the second lifting mounting plate 702 to descend vertically, so that the top horizontal section of the stripping push plate 704 is pressed down on the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 near the end of the feeding conveying mechanism 201, and the pulse laser 6 is located near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100. The pulse laser 6 works and irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, so that the metal circuit inside it is heated, thereby achieving the thermal decomposition of the EVA inside it. When the internal EVA is thermally decomposed to a certain extent, the linear module 703 drives the stripping push plate 704 to move horizontally (consistent with the conveying direction of the transition conveying mechanism 203), and the vertical section of the stripping push plate 704 pushes the uppermost material (glass plate) to move horizontally and forward synchronously, and the top horizontal section of the stripping push plate 704 is kept pressed down on the top surface of the glass plate to prevent the stripping push plate 704 from slipping off from the glass plate. Since the silicon plate below is in a clamped and fixed state and is blocked by the positioning baffle 402 and cannot move forward, the glass plate moves relative to the silicon plate and is separated from the silicon plate, and is then pushed horizontally by the peeling push plate 704 and moves forward to the discharge conveying mechanism 202, and then is sent out by the discharge conveying mechanism 202. After the silicon plate and the back plate are flipped and fixed, the separation between the back plate and the silicon plate and the delivery of the separated back plate are completed in the same way. Finally, the remaining silicon plate is released by the clamping flip assembly 5 and falls onto the transition conveying mechanism 203, and is then transported to the discharge conveying mechanism 202. In this way, the disassembly between the three layers of materials is completed.

[0061] Preferably, the pulse laser 6 is located above the top surface of the stripping push plate 704, so that the stripping push plate 704 will not interfere with the pulse laser 6 in the process of moving forward horizontally under the drive of the linear module 703. At the same time, to ensure that the silicon plate can be turned over, when the linear module 703 is at the highest position, the vertical distance between its bottom surface and the clamping position of the swing table air claw 508 is not less than half the length of the silicon plate.

[0062] Further preferably, the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate 10 are fixedly connected with auxiliary brackets 101, through holes 801 are respectively opened on both sides of the top surface of the supporting substrate 8, the auxiliary brackets 101 are movably inserted into the through holes 801, and the middle part of the auxiliary bracket 101 is fixedly provided with an auxiliary support pad 102 located above the through hole 801. In the process of the second lifting cylinder 505 driving the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the various components connected thereto to rise as a whole to perform the flipping operation of the silicon plate, the cooperation between the auxiliary bracket 101 and the through hole 801 plays a guiding role in the lifting and lowering of the top plate 10; in other working states, the auxiliary support pad 102 is set above the through hole 801 and on the top surface of the supporting substrate 8, thereby playing an auxiliary supporting role for the top plate 10.

[0063] A method for disassembling and separating a photovoltaic panel based on pulsed laser is applied to the above-mentioned photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating device based on pulsed laser, and comprises the following steps:

[0064] S1. Place the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled on the feeding and conveying mechanism 201, and the feeding and conveying mechanism 201 conveys the photovoltaic panel 100 to the disassembly working position, that is, above the top surface of the lifting workbench 302. In this process, the wire side plate 204 guides the photovoltaic panel 100 to be disassembled to achieve posture adjustment, which is convenient for subsequent clamping operations.

[0065] S2, the photovoltaic panel 100 is continuously fed by the transition conveying mechanism 203. After being positioned by the positioning assembly 4, the photovoltaic panel 100 no longer moves forward. The first lifting cylinder 301 drives the lifting workbench 302 upward to lift the photovoltaic panel 100, so that the photovoltaic panel 100 is separated from the transition conveying mechanism 203. At this time, the clamping parts on both sides of the photovoltaic panel 100 are located at the clamping height of the clamping flip assembly 5. The two first horizontal displacement mechanisms 502 simultaneously drive the displacement frame 503 to approach the photovoltaic panel 100, and then the two clamping claws 507 on each side clamp the edges of the silicon plate respectively.

[0066] S3. The third lifting cylinder 701 drives the second lifting mounting plate 702 to descend vertically, so that the top horizontal section of the stripping push plate 704 is pressed down on the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 close to one end of the feeding conveying mechanism 201. The pulse laser 6 is located near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 100. The pulse laser 6 works to irradiate the surface of the photovoltaic panel 100 with a preset power for a preset time, so that the metal circuit inside it heats up, thereby realizing the thermal decomposition of the EVA inside it.

[0067] S4. When the internal EVA is pyrolyzed to a certain extent, the linear module 703 drives the stripping push plate 704 to move horizontally, and the vertical section of the stripping push plate 704 pushes the top glass plate to move horizontally forward synchronously. The glass plate moves relative to the silicon plate and is separated from the silicon plate. Then, the glass plate is horizontally pushed forward by the stripping push plate 704 to the discharge conveying mechanism 202, and then is sent out by the discharge conveying mechanism 202. The disassembly of the glass layer and the silicon plate is completed.

[0068] S5, the horizontal peeling component 7 is reset, and the two clamping claws 507 on each side release the silicon plate, and the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping claws 507 to move horizontally away from the silicon plate; the swing claws 508 on both sides clamp and fix the edge of the silicon plate, and the second lifting cylinder 505 works to drive the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing claws 508 to rise vertically; the swing claws 508 rotate 180° to flip the back plate at the bottom of the silicon plate to the top of the silicon plate, and then the second lifting cylinder 505 is reset, so that the first lifting mounting plate 506 and the swing claws 508 are lowered and reset; the second horizontal displacement mechanism 504 drives the clamping claws 507 to move horizontally and reset and approach the silicon plate again, and clamp the edge of the silicon plate again, and the swing claws 508 release the silicon plate, completing the material flipping and re-clamping process.

[0069] S6: After the silicon plate and the back plate are turned over and fixed, the back plate and the silicon plate are separated and the separated back plate is sent out in the same manner as in the above steps S3 and S4. The disassembly of the back plate and the silicon plate is completed.

[0070] S7, the horizontal stripping assembly 7 and the clamping and flipping assembly 5 are reset in sequence, and the lifting table 302 is reset downward to place the remaining silicon plates after disassembly on the transition conveying mechanism 203, and then transported to the discharge conveying mechanism 202. In this way, the disassembly between the three layers of materials is completed.

[0071] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0072] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser, comprising a support frame (1) and a support substrate (8) fixedly arranged on the top of the support frame (1), characterized in that: A conveyor belt assembly (2) is provided on the top of the supporting substrate (8) for feeding in the photovoltaic panels (100) to be disassembled and for sending out the materials of each layer formed by disassembly; A lifting platform assembly (3) is provided in the middle of the conveyor belt assembly (2) for placing the photovoltaic panels (100) to be disassembled; A positioning assembly (4) is provided at the rear end of the lifting workbench assembly (3) for limiting the movement of the photovoltaic panel (100) to be disassembled; The lifting workbench assembly (3) is provided with clamping and flipping assemblies (5) on both sides, respectively, for clamping and fixing the photovoltaic panels (100) to be disassembled on both sides and flipping and switching the disassembly surfaces during the disassembly process; A pulse laser (6) is arranged above the lifting workbench assembly (3) for irradiating the photovoltaic panel (100) to be decomposed so that the bonding materials between the layers of the material are dissolved by heat; And a horizontal stripping assembly (7) is used for overall stripping between the uppermost layer of material and the lower layer of material of the heated photovoltaic panel (100).

2. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor belt assembly (2) comprises a feed conveying mechanism (201) arranged at the front end of the lifting worktable assembly (3), a discharge conveying mechanism (202) arranged at the rear end of the lifting worktable assembly (3), and a transition conveying mechanism (203) arranged at both sides of the lifting worktable assembly (3) and respectively connected to the feed conveying mechanism (201) and the discharge conveying mechanism (202).

3. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Guide side plates (204) are respectively provided on both sides of the feed conveying mechanism (201).

4. A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The lifting workbench assembly (3) comprises at least one first lifting cylinder (301) fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the supporting base plate (8), and a lifting workbench (302) fixedly connected to the output shaft end of each first lifting cylinder (301) and located above the supporting base plate (8); the highest position of the top surface of the lifting workbench (302) is located above the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly (2), and the lowest position is located below the top surface of the conveyor belt assembly (2).

5. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning assembly (4) comprises a positioning drive motor (401) fixedly mounted on the rear end side surface of the lifting workbench (302), a positioning baffle (402) vertically movably arranged in the top wall of the lifting workbench (302), and a spring connecting plate (403) fixedly arranged below the positioning baffle (402); the output shaft end of the positioning drive motor (401) and the bottom surface of the positioning baffle (402) are connected by a cam mechanism (404); the bottom surface of the positioning baffle (403) and the top surface of the spring connecting plate (403) are connected by a tension spring (405).

6. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping and flipping assembly (5) comprises a fixed mounting plate (501) arranged above the supporting base plate (8), a first horizontal displacement mechanism (502) fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the fixed mounting plate (501), and a displacement frame (503) fixedly connected to the top output end of the first horizontal displacement mechanism (502), second horizontal displacement mechanisms (504) are fixedly arranged on both sides of the top surface of the displacement frame (503), a clamping air claw (507) is fixedly connected to the top output end of the second horizontal displacement mechanism (504), at least one second lifting cylinder (505) is fixedly arranged on the middle bottom surface of the displacement frame (503), the top output shaft end of the second lifting cylinder (505) is fixedly connected to the first lifting mounting plate (506) located above the displacement frame (503), and a swing table air claw (508) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate (506).

7. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 6, characterized in that: Sleeves are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the fixed installation plate (501), and the supporting base plate (8) is internally threadedly connected with a vertically arranged adjusting screw (509), and the top end of the adjusting screw (509) is movably inserted into the sleeve.

8. A photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: A lifting bracket (9) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the first lifting mounting plate (506), and a top plate (10) is fixedly arranged on the top of the lifting bracket (9). The horizontal peeling component (7) includes at least one third lifting cylinder (701) fixedly arranged on the top surface of the top plate (10), a second lifting mounting plate (702) fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the third lifting cylinder (701) and located below the top plate (10), at least one linear module (703) fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate (702), and a peeling push plate (704) fixedly connected to the bottom output end of the linear module (703). The pulse laser (6) is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the second lifting mounting plate (702).

9. The photovoltaic panel disassembly and separation device based on pulsed laser according to claim 8, characterized in that: The four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate (10) are respectively fixedly connected with auxiliary brackets (101), through holes (801) are respectively opened on both sides of the top surface of the support base plate (8), the auxiliary bracket (101) is movably inserted into the through hole (801), and an auxiliary support pad (102) located above the through hole (801) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the auxiliary bracket (101).

10. A method for disassembling and separating photovoltaic panels based on pulsed laser, applied to the photovoltaic panel disassembling and separating device based on pulsed laser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, placing the photovoltaic panel (100) to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly (2), and the conveyor belt assembly (2) transports the photovoltaic panel (100) to a disassembly work position; S2, after the photovoltaic panel (100) is positioned by the positioning assembly (4), the lifting workbench assembly (3) moves upward to lift the photovoltaic panel (100), and the clamping and flipping assembly (5) clamps and fixes the edge of the middle layer material of the photovoltaic panel (100); S3, the pulse laser (6) irradiates the surface of the optical panel (100) with a preset power for a preset time; S4, the horizontal stripping component (7) pushes the uppermost layer of the photovoltaic panel (100) forward horizontally, and the uppermost layer of the material is separated from the middle layer of the material below it and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt component (2) and is sent out; S5, the horizontal peeling component (7) is reset, and the clamping and flipping component (5) flips the photovoltaic panel (100) by 180° and then clamps and fixes it again; S6, repeating steps S3 and S4, the topmost layer of material after flipping is separated from the middle layer of material below it, and enters the rear end of the conveyor belt assembly (2) and is sent out; S7, the horizontal stripping assembly (7) and the clamping and flipping assembly (5) are reset in sequence, and the lifting table assembly (3) is reset downward to place the remaining middle material layer after disassembly on the conveyor belt assembly (2) and is sent out by the conveyor belt assembly (2).

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