Method for planting coptis chinensis roots and preventing and treating coptis chinensis root rot

Abstract

The invention discloses a coptis chinensis root planting and coptis chinensis root rot prevention and control method, and relates to the technical field of coptis chinensis root rot prevention and control, the method comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, seed propagation and field management, and after seed propagation, the seeds are subjected to sand storage treatment.The coptis chinensis root planting and coptis chinensis root rot prevention and control method has the advantages that the growth environment of coptis chinensis is treated through a specific electric field; the invention can change the permeability of pathogen cell membranes, influence the physiological metabolism, inhibit the growth and reproduction of various pathogens, overcome the problems of various pathogen types and large differences in biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms, and can further destroy the nucleic acid structures of pathogens and enhance the sterilization effect in combination with ultraviolet irradiation. Complex pathogenic bacteria problems are solved from multiple perspectives, the number of pathogenic bacteria, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health condition of coptis chinensis plants are monitored by regularly collecting soil samples and coptis chinensis plant samples, and early signs of root rot can be found in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of coptis root rot, and in particular to a coptis root planting and coptis root rot prevention and treatment method. Background Art

[0002] Coptis chinensis is an important traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying. It is widely used in the medical field. The main medicinal part of Coptis chinensis is its root. Therefore, the planting quality and yield of Coptis chinensis root are of vital importance to the medicinal value and market supply of Coptis chinensis.

[0003] With the continuous development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the demand for Coptis chinensis has increased year by year, which has prompted the expansion of the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis. However, in the process of planting Coptis chinensis roots, there are many challenges and problems. Coptis chinensis has strict requirements on environmental conditions. It likes cool and humid conditions and avoids high temperatures and drought. It is suitable for growing in mountainous areas with high altitudes, cool climates, many clouds and fog, and high humidity. This specific growth environment limits the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis, making the available planting sites relatively limited, increasing the planting cost and management difficulty. For example, in finding a suitable planting site, When investigating the terrain and climate, it takes a lot of time and energy to investigate factors such as terrain and climate. In addition, the mountainous areas that meet the requirements are often inconvenient for transportation, which brings many inconveniences to material transportation and daily management. The root rot of Coptis chinensis is mainly caused by a variety of pathogens, such as Fusarium and Phytophthora. After the pathogens infect the roots of Coptis chinensis, they will cause the roots to rot, affecting the absorption and transportation of water and nutrients, making the plants weak, the leaves turn yellow and wither, and eventually the whole plant dies. The disease has a high incidence rate and can cause the death of a large area of ​​Coptis chinensis plants in severe cases, greatly reducing the yield and quality of Coptis chinensis.

[0004] Complex pathogens: There are many types of pathogens of root rot, and different pathogens have different biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms, which makes prevention and control work very difficult. A single prevention and control measure is often difficult to be effective against all pathogens, and a combination of multiple prevention and control measures is required;

[0005] Difficulty in early diagnosis: The symptoms of root rot are not obvious in the early stage of the disease, and it is difficult to be discovered in time. By the time the plant shows obvious symptoms, the disease is often already serious, and prevention and control at this time is not effective;

[0006] Disadvantages of chemical control: At present, chemical control is one of the common methods for preventing and controlling Coptis chinensis root rot, but long-term use of chemical pesticides will lead to drug resistance in pathogens, and pesticide residues will also have adverse effects on the environment and the quality of Coptis chinensis. In addition, the use of chemical pesticides may also damage the soil microbial community and affect the soil ecological balance;

[0007] Limitations of biological control: As a green and environmentally friendly control method, biological control has certain application prospects. However, the control effect of biological control agents is greatly affected by environmental factors, has poor stability, and its mechanism of action is relatively complex. The research and development and application costs are high, which limits its large-scale promotion and application in actual production. Coptis chinensis root planting faces serious problems such as growth environment restrictions, planting technology difficulties and Coptis chinensis root rot. To this end, we proposed a method for Coptis chinensis root planting and Coptis chinensis root rot control. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention aims to provide a method for planting coptis root and preventing and controlling coptis root rot.

[0009] In order to solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for planting coptis root, including site selection and land preparation, seed propagation and field management, wherein the seeds are stored in sand after propagation, and the specific operation steps of the coptis root planting method are as follows:

[0010] Step 1: Choose sandy soil rich in organic matter and with good drainage, control the pH value between 5.5-6.5, deep plow the land before planting, and apply fertilizer and superphosphate;

[0011] Step 2: Select mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water and drain them, mix them with wet sand in proportion and perform ultrasonic treatment, and then store them in sand and turn them over regularly;

[0012] Step 3: Make ridges in the soil, reserve drainage ditches between the ridges, lay gravel in the drainage ditches, sow the coptis chinensis seeds stored in the sand in the sandy soil, and cover with fine soil and straw;

[0013] Step 4: After the seeds are planted, build a sunshade on the bed, control the shading rate, water regularly and adjust the watering frequency and time according to the season;

[0014] Step 5. Apply urea once after the seedlings emerge from the soil, apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once in the later stage, apply superphosphate and potassium sulfate once, and perform manual weeding and chemical weeding operations regularly during the seedling stage.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 1, a mountain with an altitude of 1200m-1800m and a slope of 15°-30° is selected, and in the autumn of the year before planting, the land is deep-turned to a depth of 30cm-40cm, and 3000kg-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 80kg-100kg of superphosphate and 200kg-300kg of biochar are applied to each acre of land. After the application is completed, a fine rake is used to level the land.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 2, from mid-October to early November, select mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, take them out and drain them after soaking, mix them with wet sand in a ratio of 1:3, and use an ultrasonic generator for treatment, set the frequency to 30kHz-40kHz, and the treatment time to 10min-15min. After the treatment, put the mixed seeds and sand into a prepared storage container, and then place the container in an environment with a temperature of 5℃-10℃, good ventilation and a humidity of 50%-60%, turn the seeds and sand mixture stored in the sand once every 6d-8d, and the action should be gentle when turning to avoid damaging the seeds. At the same time, check whether the seeds are mildewed or rotten. If problematic seeds are found, they should be removed in time, and the turning operation is stopped until the Coptis chinensis seeds germinate in March of the following year.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step three, a 1.3m-1.6m wide ridge is made in the selected land area, a 35cm-45cm drainage ditch is reserved between the ridges, and a layer of gravel is laid in the drainage ditch. A combination of row sowing and hole sowing is adopted. On the leveled ridge surface, shallow furrows are opened with a row spacing of 10cm-12cm for row sowing. A hole is set in the row sowing ditch every 20cm-30cm, and 3-5 seeds are sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of fine soil 1cm-1.5cm thick is covered, and sterilized straw and pine needles are covered to keep the soil moist.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 4, after planting Coptis chinensis, a simple sunshade with a height of 1.6m is built on the bed surface, the sunshade material is a sunshade net, and the sunshade rate is controlled to be 70%-85%. From the second year, corn is planted on the edge of the bed as a shade plant, and the shade ratio is 55%. Except for the growing season, watering is done every 3d-4d in spring, autumn and winter. In the high temperature in summer, watering is done twice a day, and the watering time is 7 am and 6 pm. The drainage ditch is cleaned in time during the rainy season.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present invention: in the step 5, after the Coptidis chinensis seedlings emerge from the soil, 6 kg of urea is applied per mu of land, and from late June to early July, topdressing is performed once, and 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu of land. From late September to early October, topdressing is performed once, and 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu of land. During the seedling stage, inter-tillage and weeding are carried out three times, and weeding is carried out by combining manual weeding with chemical weeding, using glyphosate isopropylamine salt with an effective ingredient content of 41% as a chemical agent, adding 5 mL to 6.7 mL of glyphosate isopropylamine salt preparation per liter of water, using a clean bucket, first adding a small amount of water, and then slowly pouring in the calculated glyphosate agent, stirring evenly, replenishing the required amount of water, stirring again, selecting a suitable sprayer, and using a directional spraying method, the nozzle is pressed down as much as possible to make the droplets close to the weeds on the ground to avoid spraying the liquid medicine on the Coptidis chinensis plants.

[0020] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis, wherein the prevention and control of root rot of Coptis chinensis includes direct action on pathogens, influence on soil microbial communities and enhancement of synergistic effects, and uses a specific electric field to control the growth environment of Coptis chinensis to change the permeability of pathogen cell membranes. The specific operation steps of the prevention and control of root rot of Coptis chinensis are as follows:

[0021] S10. Select a professional electric field generator and install it around the coptis chinensis planting area. Adjust the electric field generator before planting the coptis chinensis and maintain soil moisture;

[0022] S20, in the early growth stage of Coptis chinensis, controlling the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment and performing the treatment within a fixed time range;

[0023] S30. After the electric field treatment is completed, the area where the coptis chinensis is planted is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and soil samples and coptis chinensis plant samples are collected regularly, and the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment are adjusted according to the monitoring results.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention: in said S10, after the planting of Coptis chinensis is completed, the 2 -15m 2A group of electric field generating devices are installed at a density of 30cm-50cm from the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices is set between 10kHz-20kHz, and the electric field strength is adjusted within the range of 0kV / cm-50kV / cm. The soil is treated with electric field 3d-5d before planting Coptis chinensis. The electric field strength is set to 2kV / cm-3kV / cm and the treatment is continued for 4h-6h every day. During the treatment period, the soil moisture is maintained between 30%-40%, and real-time monitoring is performed through soil sensors. When the humidity is lower than the set range, the soil is sprayed with water. In the S20, 1-2 months after the sowing of Coptis chinensis, the electric field treatment is carried out every 3d-4d, and the electric field strength is set to 1-1.5kV / cm. After the growth of Coptis chinensis for 3-6 months, the electric field treatment is carried out every 5d-6d, and the electric field strength is set to 1.5-2kV / cm. From the growth of Coptis chinensis for 6 months to before harvest, the electric field treatment is carried out every 7d-10d, and the electric field strength is set to 2-2.5kV / cm. The duration of each electric field treatment is 2h-3h, and the treatment time is selected in the morning and evening.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: in said S30, within 1h-2h after the single electric field treatment, the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis is irradiated with ultraviolet light, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is selected to be 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.5mW / cm 2 -1mW / cm 2 The irradiation time is 15min-30min. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected once every 2-3 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants in the soil. According to the monitoring results, when the number of pathogens tends to increase and Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased, and the increase shall not exceed 20% of the original parameters. When the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1d-2d, and microbial agents are added at a dosage of 1kg-2kg per mu.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention uses a specific electric field to treat the growth environment of Coptis chinensis, which can change the permeability of the cell membrane of pathogens, affect their physiological metabolism, and inhibit the growth and reproduction of various pathogens, thereby overcoming the problem that there are many types of pathogens and that their biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms vary greatly. At the same time, combined with ultraviolet irradiation, it can further destroy the nucleic acid structure of pathogens and enhance the bactericidal effect. It can deal with complex pathogen problems from multiple angles, and can timely detect early signs of root rot by regularly collecting soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples to monitor the number of pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants. The frequency and intensity of electric field treatment can be adjusted in time according to the monitoring results, thereby achieving root rot prevention. Early prevention and precise regulation of disease control. When the number of beneficial microorganisms decreases, suspending electric field treatment and adding microbial agents can help maintain the balance of soil microbial communities and improve the disease resistance of Coptis chinensis. The electric field treatment method avoids the problems of long-term use of chemical pesticides leading to drug resistance in pathogens, pesticide residues polluting the environment and destroying soil microbial communities. Compared with traditional biological control, electric field treatment is less affected by environmental factors and has high stability. It does not require complex research and development and high costs, and overcomes the limitations of poor stability, complex mechanism of action and high cost of biological control agents, providing an efficient, environmentally friendly and stable solution for the prevention and control of Coptis chinensis root rot.

[0028] 2. The present invention helps to relax the strict requirements of the traditional planting environment of Coptis chinensis to a certain extent by selecting high-altitude areas for planting Coptis chinensis, which can increase land resources that meet the planting conditions and reduce the time and energy cost of finding a suitable planting site. By using a method of soaking in clean water, mixing with wet sand and performing ultrasonic treatment, seed dormancy can be broken, physiological activities inside the seeds can be stimulated, and the seeds can better complete post-ripening in the subsequent sand storage process. Compared with traditional methods, this treatment method can significantly improve the germination rate and germination quality of seeds, laying a foundation for the high yield of Coptis chinensis. By accurately controlling the humidity range of the soil, the ions in the soil can be better moved under the action of the electric field, and the inhibitory effect on pathogens can be enhanced. By combining chemical weeding with manual weeding, when using glyphosate isopropylamine salt, the ratio of the agent and the spraying operation method are clarified, which can effectively control the growth of weeds and reduce the competition between weeds and Coptis chinensis for nutrients, water and sunlight, and can also avoid the contact of the drug solution with the Coptis chinensis plant to the greatest extent, thereby ensuring the safe growth of Coptis chinensis. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a specific process of planting Coptis chinensis roots in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a specific process for preventing and treating Coptis chinensis root rot in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] The invention discloses a method for planting coptis root, which comprises site selection and land preparation, seed propagation and field management, wherein the seeds are subjected to sand storage after propagation. The specific operation steps of the method for planting coptis root are as follows:

[0033] Step 1: Choose sandy soil rich in organic matter and with good drainage, control the pH value between 5.5-6.5, deep plow the land before planting, and apply fertilizer and superphosphate;

[0034] Step 2: Select mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water and drain them, mix them with wet sand in proportion and perform ultrasonic treatment, and then store them in sand and turn them over regularly;

[0035] Step 3: Make ridges in the soil, reserve drainage ditches between the ridges, lay gravel in the drainage ditches, sow the coptis chinensis seeds stored in the sand in the sandy soil, and cover with fine soil and straw;

[0036] Step 4: After the seeds are planted, build a sunshade on the bed, control the shading rate, water regularly and adjust the watering frequency and time according to the season;

[0037] Step 5. Apply urea once after the seedlings emerge from the soil, apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once in the later stage, apply superphosphate and potassium sulfate once, and perform manual weeding and chemical weeding operations regularly during the seedling stage.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step one, a mountain with an altitude of 1200m-1800m and a slope of 15°-30° is selected, and in the autumn of the year before planting, the land is deep-turned to a depth of 30cm-40cm, and 3000kg-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 80kg-100kg of superphosphate and 200kg-300kg of biochar are applied per acre of land. After application, a fine rake is used to level the land.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step 2, from mid-October to early November, select mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24 hours, take them out and drain them after soaking, mix them with wet sand in a ratio of 1:3, and use an ultrasonic generator for treatment, set the frequency to 30kHz-40kHz, and the treatment time to 10min-15min. After the treatment, put the mixed seeds and sand into a prepared storage container, and then place the container in an environment with a temperature of 5℃-10℃, good ventilation and a humidity of 50%-60%, turn the seeds and sand mixture stored in the sand once every 6d-8d, and the action should be gentle when turning to avoid damaging the seeds. At the same time, check whether the seeds are mildewed or rotten. If problematic seeds are found, they should be removed in time, and the turning operation is stopped until the Coptis chinensis seeds germinate in March of the following year.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step three, a ridge with a width of 1.3m-1.6m is made in the selected land area, a drainage ditch of 35cm-45cm is reserved between the ridges, and a layer of gravel is laid in the drainage ditch. A combination of row sowing and hole sowing is adopted. On the leveled ridge surface, shallow furrows are opened with a row spacing of 10cm-12cm for row sowing. A hole is set in the row sowing ditch every 20cm-30cm, and 3-5 seeds are sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of fine soil 1cm-1.5cm thick is covered, and sterilized straw and pine needles are covered to keep the soil moist.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step four, after planting Coptis chinensis, a simple sunshade with a height of 1.6m is built on the bed surface, the sunshade material is a sunshade net, and the sunshade rate is controlled to be 70%-85%. Starting from the second year, corn is planted on the edge of the bed as a shade plant, and the shade ratio is 55%. Except for the growing season, watering is done every 3d-4d in spring, autumn and winter. In the high temperature in summer, watering is done twice a day, at 7 am and 6 pm, and the drainage ditch is cleaned in time during the rainy season.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention: in step five, after the Coptidis chinensis seedlings emerge from the soil, 6 kg of urea is applied per mu of land, and from late June to early July, topdressing is performed once, and 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu of land. From late September to early October, topdressing is performed once, and 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu of land. During the seedling stage, inter-tillage and weeding are performed three times. The weeding is performed by combining manual weeding with chemical weeding. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt with an effective ingredient content of 41% is used as a chemical agent. 5 mL to 6.7 mL of glyphosate isopropylamine salt preparation is added to each liter of water. A clean bucket is used, a small amount of water is added first, and then the calculated glyphosate agent is slowly poured in. After stirring evenly, the required amount of water is supplemented, and stirring is performed again. A suitable sprayer is selected, and a directional spraying method is adopted to lower the nozzle as much as possible so that the droplets are close to the weeds on the ground to avoid spraying the liquid medicine on the Coptidis chinensis plants.

[0043] A method for preventing and controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis, wherein the prevention and control of root rot of Coptis chinensis includes direct action on pathogens, influence on soil microbial communities and enhancement of synergistic effects, using a specific electric field to control the growth environment of Coptis chinensis and change the permeability of pathogen cell membranes. The specific operation steps of preventing and controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis are as follows:

[0044] S10. Select a professional electric field generator and install it around the coptis chinensis planting area. Adjust the electric field generator before planting the coptis chinensis and maintain soil moisture;

[0045] S20, in the early growth stage of Coptis chinensis, controlling the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment and performing the treatment within a fixed time range;

[0046] S30. After the electric field treatment is completed, the area where the coptis chinensis is planted is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and soil samples and coptis chinensis plant samples are collected regularly, and the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment are adjusted according to the monitoring results.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention: in S10, after the planting of Coptis chinensis is completed, the 2 -15m 2A group of electric field generating devices are installed at a density of 30cm-50cm from the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices is set between 10kHz-20kHz, and the electric field strength is adjusted within the range of 0kV / cm-50kV / cm. The soil is treated with electric field 3d-5d before planting Coptis chinensis. The electric field strength is set to 2kV / cm-3kV / cm and the treatment is continued for 4h-6h every day. During the treatment period, the soil moisture is maintained between 30%-40%, and real-time monitoring is performed through soil sensors. When the soil moisture is lower than the set range, the soil is sprayed with water. In S20, 1-2 months after the sowing of Coptis chinensis, the electric field treatment is carried out every 3d-4d, and the electric field strength is set to 1-1.5kV / cm. After the growth of Coptis chinensis for 3-6 months, the electric field treatment is carried out every 5d-6d, and the electric field strength is set to 1.5-2kV / cm. From the growth of Coptis chinensis for 6 months to before harvest, the electric field treatment is carried out every 7d-10d, and the electric field strength is set to 2-2.5kV / cm. The duration of each electric field treatment is 2h-3h, and the treatment time is selected in the morning and evening.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S30, within 1h-2h after the single electric field treatment, the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis is irradiated with ultraviolet light, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.5mW / cm 2 -1mW / cm 2 The irradiation time is 15min-30min. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected once every 2-3 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants in the soil. According to the monitoring results, when the number of pathogens tends to increase and Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased, and the increase shall not exceed 20% of the original parameters. When the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1d-2d, and microbial agents are added at a dosage of 1kg-2kg per mu.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention: when preventing and controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis, the irrigation system can be combined with electric field treatment. An electric field treatment module is set in the irrigation system to make the irrigation water pass through the electric field before entering the soil. The electric field strength is set to 0.5kV / cm-1kV / cm to preliminarily disinfect the pathogens carried in the irrigation water. The irrigation frequency is adjusted according to the growth stage of Coptis chinensis and the soil moisture conditions. In the seedling stage, irrigation is performed 2-3 times a week, and the amount of each irrigation makes the soil moisture content reach 40%-50%. In the vigorous growth period, irrigation is performed 3-4 times a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 50%-60%. In the later period, the irrigation amount is gradually reduced, and irrigation is performed 2-3 times a week to maintain the soil moisture content at 40%-50%.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention: in winter or in seasons with lower temperatures, greenhouse facilities are used to maintain the temperature of the planting area at 10°C-15°C. At this temperature, combined with electric field treatment, the activity of pathogens can be more effectively inhibited. In summer, when the temperature is high, the temperature is controlled at 20°C-25°C through shading and ventilation measures to avoid the high temperature and high humidity environment that is conducive to the growth of pathogens. At the same time, electric field treatment can enhance the stress resistance of plants.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] A mountain with an altitude of 1500m and a slope of 20° was selected as the planting site. The soil here is sandy soil rich in organic matter and well-drained, with a pH value of 6.0. In the autumn of the year before planting, the land was deep-turned to a depth of 35cm, and 3500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 90kg of superphosphate and 250kg of biochar were applied per mu of land, and then leveled with a fine rake. In late October, mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds were selected, soaked in clean water for 24h, taken out and drained, and mixed with wet sand in a ratio of 1:3, and ultrasonically treated with an ultrasonic generator at a frequency of 35kHz for 12min. The treated seeds and sand were placed in a storage container at a temperature of 8℃, good ventilation and a humidity of 55 % environment, turn over every 7 days, check the seeds until March of the second year, make 1.5m wide ridges on the selected land, reserve 40cm drainage ditches between ridges, and lay a layer of gravel in the drainage ditches. Use a combination of row sowing and hole sowing. On the leveled ridge surface, open shallow furrows with a row spacing of 11cm for row sowing. Set a hole in the row sowing ditch every 25cm, sow 4 seeds in each hole, cover with a 1.2cm thick layer of fine soil after sowing, and cover with sterilized straw and pine needles to keep the soil moist. After planting Coptis chinensis, build a simple sunshade with a height of 1.6m on the ridge surface, and control the shading rate of the sunshade net to 80%. Starting from the second year, plant corn as a shade plant on the edge of the ridge, with a shading ratio of 55%. Clean the drainage ditch in time during the rainy season;

[0053] After the Coptis chinensis seedlings emerge from the soil, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. In late June, apply top dressing once, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. In late September, apply top dressing once, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Carry out inter-row cultivation and weeding three times during the seedling stage. Weeding is carried out by combining manual weeding with chemical weeding. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt with an active ingredient content of 41% is used as the chemical agent. Add 6 mL of glyphosate isopropylamine salt preparation per liter of water. Use a clean bucket, add a small amount of water first, then slowly pour in the agent and stir evenly. Stir again after replenishing the water. Choose a suitable sprayer, lower the nozzle for directional spraying, and avoid spraying the liquid on the Coptis chinensis plants.

[0054] Embodiment 2

[0055] Select a mountainous area with an altitude of 1300m and a slope of 25°. The soil is a sandy soil rich in organic matter and well-drained, with a pH value of 6.2. Deeply plow the land in the autumn of the year before planting to a depth of 32cm. Apply 3200kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 85kg of superphosphate and 220kg of biochar per mu, then rake and level it. In mid-October, select mature and full Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water for 24h, drain them, mix them with wet sand at a ratio of 1:3, and use an ultrasonic generator to perform ultrasonic treatment on them. Set the ultrasonic frequency to 32kHz and the treatment time to 10min. After the treatment, store the seeds and sand in an environment with a temperature of 7℃, good ventilation and a humidity of 52%, and turn them over every 6d until March of the following year.

[0056] Make 1.4m wide ridges on the land, leave 42cm drainage ditches between ridges and lay gravel. In mid-May, select healthy and pest-free Coptis chinensis branches, trim them into 12cm long cuttings, keep 2 nodes in each cutting, cut the lower part of the cuttings into an oblique mouth, and cut the upper part into a flat mouth. Soak the Coptis chinensis branches in a mixed solution of rooting powder and plant growth regulator (rooting powder concentration 500mg / L, plant growth regulator is a mixed solution of indolebutyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid 150mg / L each) for 30min, and then insert the Coptis chinensis branches into the seedbed after soaking. The seedbed matrix is ​​a mixture of vermiculite and perlite in a ratio of 3:1. After planting, build a 1.6m high simple sunshade on the ridge surface with a shading rate of 75%. From the second year onwards, plant corn on the edge of the ridge for shade, with a shading ratio of 55%. Clean the drainage ditch in the rainy season;

[0057] After the seedlings emerge from the soil, apply 6 kg of urea per mu. In early July, apply 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. In early October, apply 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Carry out three tillage and weeding during the seedling stage, combining manual and chemical weeding. For chemical weeding, use 41% glyphosate isopropylamine salt, add 5.5 mL of the agent per liter of water, mix the agent with water, and then spray it in a targeted manner for weeding. Pay attention to lowering the nozzle to avoid spraying the Coptis chinensis plants.

[0058] Embodiment 3

[0059] After the planting of Coptis chinensis is completed, follow the 12m 2A group of electric field generating devices were installed around the planting area, with each group of devices installed 40 cm above the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices was set at 15 kHz, and the electric field strength could be adjusted within the range of 0 kV / cm-50 kV / cm. Electric field treatment of the soil began 4 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2.5 kV / cm, and continued for 5 hours per day. During the treatment, soil moisture was monitored in real time through soil sensors and maintained at 35%. Water was sprayed when moisture was insufficient. After 1-2 months of Coptis chinensis sowing, the soil was treated every 3 days. Electric field treatment, the electric field strength is set to 1.2kV / cm. After 3-6 months of growth, electric field treatment is carried out every 5 days, and the electric field strength is set to 1.8kV / cm. After 6 months of growth until harvest, electric field treatment is carried out every 8 days, and the electric field strength is set to 2.2kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasts for 2.5 hours, and the treatment time is selected in the morning. Within 1.5 hours after the end of a single electric field treatment, ultraviolet light is irradiated to the planting area of ​​​​Coptis chinensis, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is set to 254nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.8mW / cm 2 , the irradiation time is 20 minutes, and soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected once every 2 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants in the soil. If the number of pathogens shows an increasing trend or Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased by 15% of the original parameters. If the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1.5 days, and a microbial agent (a composite agent containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) is added at a dosage of 1.5 kg per mu;

[0060] An electric field treatment module is set in the irrigation system to make the irrigation water pass through the electric field before entering the soil. The electric field strength is set to 0.8kV / cm to preliminarily disinfect the pathogens carried in the irrigation water. In the seedling stage, irrigation is carried out twice a week, and the amount of irrigation each time makes the soil moisture content reach 45%. In the vigorous growth period, irrigation is carried out three times a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 55%. In the later period, irrigation is carried out twice a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 45%. In winter, greenhouse facilities are used to keep the temperature in the planting area at 12°C. In high temperatures in summer, the temperature is controlled at 22°C through shading and ventilation measures.

[0061] Embodiment 4:

[0062] After the planting of Coptis chinensis is completed, follow the 15m 2A group of electric field generating devices were installed around the planting area, with each group of devices installed 35 cm above the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices was set at 18 kHz, and the electric field strength could be adjusted within the range of 0 kV / cm-40 kV / cm. The soil was treated with electric field 3 days before planting Coptis chinensis, with the electric field strength set at 2.2 kV / cm, and the treatment lasted for 4.5 hours per day. During the treatment, the soil moisture was monitored in real time through soil sensors and maintained at 32%. Water was sprayed when the moisture was insufficient.

[0063] 1-2 months after sowing, the electric field treatment was carried out every 4 days, and the electric field strength was set to 1.3 kV / cm. After 3-6 months of growth, the electric field treatment was carried out every 5 days, and the electric field strength was set to 1.6 kV / cm. After 6 months of growth until harvest, the electric field treatment was carried out every 9 days, and the electric field strength was set to 2.3 kV / cm. Each electric field treatment lasted for 2.2 hours, and the treatment time was selected in the morning.

[0064] Within 1.2 hours after the single electric field treatment, the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis was irradiated with ultraviolet light. The wavelength of the ultraviolet light was 254nm and the irradiation intensity was 0.7mW / cm 2 , the irradiation time is 25 minutes, and soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected once every 2.5 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health of Coptis chinensis plants in the soil. If the number of pathogens shows an increasing trend or Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased by 18% of the original parameters. If the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1.2 days, and microbial agents are added at a dosage of 1.8 kg per mu;

[0065] An electric field treatment module is set in the irrigation system to make the irrigation water pass through the electric field before entering the soil. The electric field strength is set to 0.6kV / cm to preliminarily disinfect the pathogens carried in the irrigation water. In the seedling stage, irrigation is carried out three times a week, and the soil moisture content reaches 42% each time. In the vigorous growth period, irrigation is carried out three times a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 52%. In the later period, irrigation is carried out twice a week, and the soil moisture content is maintained at 42%. In winter, greenhouse facilities are used to keep the temperature in the planting area at 13°C. In high temperatures in summer, the temperature is controlled at 23°C through shading and ventilation measures.

[0066] After ultraviolet irradiation was performed on the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis, the number of soil pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health of Coptis chinensis plants in Example 3 and Example 4 were monitored, as well as whether Coptis chinensis showed suspected root rot symptoms. The monitoring results were as follows:

[0067] Embodiment 3

[0068] Number of pathogens: In the early growth period of Coptis chinensis (1-2 months after sowing), the number of soil pathogens was significantly reduced compared with the untreated area, with the number of pathogens per gram of soil being about 10 2 CFU-10 3 After 3-6 months of growth, the number of pathogens was further reduced to 10 CFU-10 per gram of soil due to the continuous effect of electric field treatment. 2 CFU, from the 6th month of growth to before harvest, remained at a low level, less than 10 CFU per gram of soil;

[0069] Number of beneficial microorganisms: In the early stage of treatment, the number of beneficial microorganisms remained stable, with the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus and actinomycetes per gram of soil being about 10 5 CFU-10 6 As Coptis chinensis grows, the number of beneficial microorganisms shows a moderate growth trend due to electric field treatment and reasonable irrigation and temperature control, reaching 10 per gram of soil during the vigorous growth period. 6 CFU-10 7 CFU, can still be maintained at a high level before harvest;

[0070] Plant health: Coptis chinensis plants are growing robustly, with thick green leaves without yellowing or wilting, well-developed root systems, normal color, no signs of rot, strong root activity, normal absorption of water and nutrients, and overall plant height and diameter that meet healthy growth standards, showing good growth momentum at all growth stages;

[0071] Symptoms of root rot: No suspected symptoms of root rot appeared during the entire growth cycle. The Coptis chinensis plants grew normally, without any growth weakness caused by root rot.

[0072] Embodiment 4:

[0073] Pathogen quantity: 1-2 months after sowing, the number of pathogens per gram of soil is about 10 2 CFU-10 3 CFU, after 3-6 months, decreased to 50 CFU per gram of soil-10 2 CFU, 6 months to before harvest, each gram of soil was maintained at a low level of 5-50 CFU, and electric field treatment and other comprehensive measures effectively inhibited the reproduction of pathogens;

[0074] Number of beneficial microorganisms: Initially, the number of beneficial microorganisms per gram of soil is about 10 5 CFU-10 6 During the growth process, due to the optimization of the soil environment by comprehensive prevention and control measures, the number of beneficial microorganisms gradually increases, and can reach 10 per gram of soil during the vigorous growth period. 6 CFU-10 7CFU can still be stabilized at a higher order of magnitude in the later stage, ensuring the balance of soil microecology;

[0075] Plant health: The Coptis chinensis plants are in good growth condition, with normal and shiny leaves, compact plants, intact root systems, no abnormalities such as discoloration and softness, abundant root hairs, and can effectively absorb water and nutrients from the soil. They can grow normally in different seasons and growth stages, and there is no growth retardation caused by diseases.

[0076] Symptoms of root rot: No suspected symptoms of root rot were observed during the entire growth period. The root system of the Coptis chinensis plant was healthy, and the above-ground part grew normally. There was no root rot or plant weakness caused by pathogenic bacteria infection.

[0077] It can be concluded from the contents of the above four groups of embodiments that the selection and improvement of the planting site and scientific planting management can overcome the growth environment limitations of Coptis chinensis to a certain extent, improve the germination rate, survival rate and growth quality of Coptis chinensis, and thus increase the yield of Coptis chinensis roots. The use of electric field treatment combined with ultraviolet irradiation, irrigation water field disinfection, temperature control, and adjustment of electric field parameters according to monitoring results and addition of microbial agents can cope with the problems of complex pathogens and difficulty in early diagnosis, reduce the incidence of root rot, reduce its impact on the growth of Coptis chinensis, and ensure the yield and quality of Coptis chinensis. At the same time, compared with chemical control, it reduces problems such as drug resistance, pesticide residues and damage to soil microbial communities, and compared with biological control, it improves stability and reduces costs.

[0078] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0079] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0080] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replacements in similar ways by technicians in the technical field shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Coptis root, comprising site selection and land preparation, seed propagation and field management, wherein the seeds are stored in sand after propagation, and characterized in that: The specific operation steps of the Coptis chinensis root planting method are as follows: Step 1: Choose sandy soil rich in organic matter and with good drainage, control the pH value between 5.5-6.5, deep plow the land before planting, and apply fertilizer and superphosphate; Step 2: Select mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds, soak them in clean water and drain them, mix them with wet sand in proportion and perform ultrasonic treatment, and then store them in sand and turn them over regularly; Step 3: Make ridges in the soil, reserve drainage ditches between ridges, sow the coptis seeds stored in sand in the sandy soil, and cover with fine soil and straw; Step 4: After the seeds are planted, build a sunshade on the bed, control the shading rate, water regularly and adjust the watering frequency and time according to the season; Step 5. Apply urea once after the seedlings emerge from the soil, apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer once in the later stage, apply superphosphate and potassium sulfate once, and perform manual weeding and chemical weeding operations regularly during the seedling stage.

2. A method for planting Coptis chinensis roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, a mountain with an altitude of 1200m-1800m and a slope of 15°-30° is selected, and in the autumn of the year before planting, the land is deep-turned to a depth of 30cm-40cm, and 3000kg-400kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 80kg-100kg of superphosphate and 200kg-300kg of biochar are applied to each acre of land. After the application is completed, a fine rake is used to level the land.

3. A method for planting Coptis chinensis roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, from mid-October to early November, mature, plump and cracked Coptis chinensis seeds are selected, soaked in clean water for 24 hours, taken out and drained after soaking, mixed with wet sand in a ratio of 1:3, and treated with an ultrasonic generator with a set frequency of 30kHz-40kHz and a treatment time of 10min-15min. After the treatment, they are stored in sand according to traditional methods and turned over every 6d-8d until March of the following year.

4. A method for planting Coptis root according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step three, a 1.3m-1.6m wide ridge is made in the selected land area, a 35cm-45cm drainage ditch is reserved between the ridges, and a layer of gravel is laid in the drainage ditch. A combination of row sowing and hole sowing is adopted. On the leveled ridge surface, shallow furrows are opened with a row spacing of 10cm-12cm for row sowing. A hole is set in the row sowing ditch every 20cm-30cm, and 3-5 seeds are sown in each hole. After sowing, a layer of fine soil 1cm-1.5cm thick is covered, and sterilized straw and pine needles are covered to keep the soil moist.

5. The method for planting Coptis chinensis root according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, after planting Coptis chinensis, a simple sunshade with a height of 1.6m is built on the bed surface. The sunshade material is a sunshade net, and the sunshade rate is controlled to be 70%-85%. Starting from the second year, corn is planted on the edge of the bed as a shade plant, and the shade ratio is 55%. Except for the growing season, watering is performed every 3d-4d in spring, autumn and winter. In the high temperature in summer, watering is performed twice a day, and the watering time is 7 am and 6 pm. The drainage ditch is cleaned in time during the rainy season.

6. A method for planting Coptis chinensis roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step five, after the Coptis chinensis seedlings emerge from the soil, 6 kg of urea is applied per mu of land, from late June to early July, topdressing is performed once, 12 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu of land, from late September to early October, topdressing is performed once, 25 kg of superphosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu of land, and during the seedling stage, inter-row cultivation and weeding are carried out three times, and weeding is carried out by combining manual weeding with chemical weeding, and glyphosate is used for spraying chemical weeds.

7. A method for controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis applicable to any one of the Coptis chinensis root planting methods of claims 1 to 6, wherein the control of root rot of Coptis chinensis includes direct action on pathogenic bacteria, influence on soil microbial communities and enhancement of synergistic effects, characterized in that: The specific electric field is used to control the growth environment of Coptis chinensis and change the permeability of the cell membrane of the pathogen. The specific operation steps of the Coptis chinensis root rot prevention and control are as follows: S10. Select a professional electric field generator and install it around the coptis chinensis planting area. Adjust the electric field generator before planting the coptis chinensis and maintain soil moisture. S20, in the early growth stage of Coptis chinensis, controlling the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment and performing the treatment within a fixed time range; S30. After the electric field treatment is completed, the area where the coptis chinensis is planted is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and soil samples and coptis chinensis plant samples are collected regularly, and the frequency and intensity of the electric field treatment are adjusted according to the monitoring results.

8. A method for preventing and controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S10, after the planting of Coptis chinensis is completed, 2 -15m 2 A group of electric field generating devices are installed at a density of 30cm-50cm from the ground. The frequency range of the electric field generating devices is set between 10kHz-20kHz, and the electric field strength is adjusted within the range of 0kV / cm-50kV / cm. The soil is treated with electric field 3d-5d before planting Coptis chinensis. The electric field strength is set to 2kV / cm-3kV / cm and the treatment is continued for 4h-6h every day. During the treatment period, the soil moisture is maintained between 30%-40%, and real-time monitoring is performed through soil sensors. When the humidity is lower than the set range, the soil is sprayed with water. In the S20, 1-2 months after the sowing of Coptis chinensis, the electric field treatment is carried out every 3d-4d, and the electric field strength is set to 1-1.5kV / cm. After the growth of Coptis chinensis for 3-6 months, the electric field treatment is carried out every 5d-6d, and the electric field strength is set to 1.5-2kV / cm. From the growth of Coptis chinensis for 6 months to before harvest, the electric field treatment is carried out every 7d-10d, and the electric field strength is set to 2-2.5kV / cm. The duration of each electric field treatment is 2h-3h, and the treatment time is selected in the morning and evening.

9. The method for preventing and controlling root rot of Coptis chinensis according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S30, within 1-2 hours after the single electric field treatment, the planting area of ​​Coptis chinensis is irradiated with ultraviolet light, the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 254 nm, and the irradiation intensity is 0.5 mW / cm 2 -1mW / cm 2 The irradiation time is 15min-30min. Soil samples and Coptis chinensis plant samples are collected once every 2-3 weeks to monitor the number of pathogens, the number of beneficial microorganisms and the health status of Coptis chinensis plants in the soil. According to the monitoring results, when the number of pathogens tends to increase and Coptis chinensis shows suspected root rot symptoms, the frequency and intensity of electric field treatment are increased, and the increase shall not exceed 20% of the original parameters. When the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil decreases, the electric field treatment is suspended for 1d-2d, and microbial agents are added at a dosage of 1kg-2kg per mu.

Images