Testing device for simulating long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection

Abstract

Film bag concrete has wide application scenes in protection projects such as dam slope protection and channel bank protection, but under the scouring erosion action of surge load, the film bag concrete cracks to easily cause loss of bank slope soil components and reduction of strength, and finally cause instability damage of a bank slope. Therefore, main and secondary factors influencing the long-term operation stability of the film bag concrete slope protection are necessary to be fully researched under laboratory conditions, and a scientific basis is provided for further application of the film bag concrete in water transportation engineering. Therefore, the test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of the membrane bag concrete slope protection is provided, the test device is composed of a transverse-longitudinal bidirectional wave making device, a membrane bag concrete ballasting-cracking simulation device, a sensor monitoring analysis system and a model box, and the invention further provides a test method based on the test device. According to the invention, the long-term operation stability of the film bag concrete slope protection under the real complex wave load condition can be simulated under the indoor laboratory condition, and a scientific basis is provided for the reinforcement design and construction organization of the film bag concrete slope protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, and in particular to a test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of a membrane bag concrete slope protection. Background Art

[0002] With the implementation of major engineering projects such as Pinglu Canal in my country, as well as the vigorous promotion of port terminals and coastal water conservancy projects, the long-term operation stability of the bank slopes along the waterway under the action of surge loads has become one of the important factors restricting the safe and reliable development of my country's water transport projects. Because the bank slopes are prone to instability and damage under the erosion of surge loads, once the bank slopes erode and slide, it will not only cause damage to the buildings around the bank slopes, but the landslides will also block the waterway and cause water transport congestion. Therefore, it is necessary to build safe and reliable bank slopes that can effectively resist long-term erosion and damage by surge waves to ensure the safe and efficient operation of my country's water transport projects.

[0003] The membrane bag concrete slope protection is the evolution of the traditional concrete slope protection. It is mainly formed by pouring concrete into the mold bag with a high-pressure pump to form a plate structure, mesh structure or other structural forms with a certain strength. The membrane bag concrete has the advantages of convenient and fast construction, strong integrity, good stability, and low cost. It has a wide range of application scenarios in protective projects such as embankment slope protection, bank protection, deep-water bank protection, and bottom protection projects. However, due to non-standard construction and negligence in the later concrete maintenance work, irregular cracks are easily caused in the membrane bag concrete. Under the scouring and erosion of the surge load, it is easy to cause the loss of some components of the slope soil and the reduction of strength, and finally cause the slope to become unstable and damaged.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to fully study the primary and secondary factors affecting the long-term operating stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection under laboratory conditions, which is conducive to further proposing the optimal design method for membrane bag concrete slope protection reinforcement and providing a scientific basis for the further engineering practice application of membrane bag concrete in water transport projects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to analyze and study the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection, the present invention provides a test device that can simulate the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection under laboratory conditions. The technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] A test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection, characterized in that: the test device is composed of a transverse and longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device, a membrane bag concrete pressure-cracking simulation device, a sensor monitoring and analysis system and a model box, and can be used to simulate and analyze the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection under wave load impact and erosion;

[0007] The transverse-longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device comprises a transverse wave-making device and a longitudinal wave-making device, and is used to apply wave load to the test soil slope, and the applied wave load formula is (1); the transverse wave-making device comprises a transverse wave-making servo controller and a transverse wave-making loading plate, and the transverse wave-making servo control formula is (2); the longitudinal wave-making device comprises a longitudinal wave-making servo controller and a longitudinal wave-making loading plate, and the longitudinal wave-making servo control formula is (3); the transverse wave-making loading plate is connected to the transverse wave-making servo controller, and the transverse servo controller drives the transverse wave-making loading plate to form transverse waves; the longitudinal wave-making loading plate is connected to the longitudinal wave-making servo controller, and the longitudinal servo controller drives the longitudinal loading plate to form longitudinal waves;

[0008]

[0009] Where: k is the waveform-stress coefficient; A is the maximum amplitude of the wave; θ is the wave-making incident angle; is the wave-making phase angle; f is the wave-making frequency; h is the surge depth; t is the simulation time; h0 is the initial water level depth;

[0010] The membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device comprises a roller shutter motor, two watertight weight roller shutters, a horizontal guide rail beam and a roller shutter reel, which are used to simulate the weight effect of the membrane bag concrete on the test soil slope and the cracking and destruction process of the membrane bag concrete; the roller shutter motor, the two watertight weight roller shutters and the roller shutter reel are symmetrically arranged along the transverse central axis of the model box, the watertight weight roller shutters cover the test soil slope, and apply a uniformly distributed load as shown in formula (4) to the soil slope; the roller shutter motor is connected to the roller shutter reel, and the roller shutter reel is distributed on the left and right sides of the soil slope. The rotation of the roller shutter reel drives the two watertight weight roller shutters to move to the left and right sides respectively along the horizontal guide rail beam, and a gap is generated between the two watertight weight roller shutters, wherein the horizontal movement speed control formula of the watertight weight roller shutter is shown in formula (5);

[0011] P 压重 =γ 混凝土 d (4)

[0012]

[0013] Where: γ 混凝土 is the bulk density of the film bag concrete; d is the thickness of the film bag concrete; T is the temperature change function; δ is the film bag damage function; Q is the film bag concrete construction quality control function; t is the film bag concrete operation time; B1-B6 are the semi-empirical fitting values ​​of the influence of various parameters on the concrete cracking speed;

[0014] The sensor monitoring and analysis system includes an earth pressure gauge, a pore water pressure gauge, a high-resolution camera, a data acquisition box and a computer, and is used to monitor in real time the changes in earth pressure, pore water pressure and spatial shape of the test soil slope during wave load impact and erosion; the data acquisition box is used to synchronously collect earth pressure and pore water pressure data during the test loading process in real time; the computer is used to analyze the earth pressure and pore water pressure data collected during the test, and perform image recognition processing on the photos taken by the high-resolution camera to obtain spatial position change information of the slope soil;

[0015] The model box is used to place a test soil slope, a transverse and longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device, a membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device and a sensor monitoring and analysis system; the bottom of the test soil slope is immersed in water, and the water level is located above the bottom of the impermeable weight-bearing roller curtain and also above the bottom of the transverse and longitudinal wave-making loading plate.

[0016] Preferably, the transverse wave-making device and the longitudinal wave-making device are located at the same height inside the model box, and the transverse servo controller and the longitudinal servo controller are controlled by a computer, and can independently apply wave-making loads of different frequencies, different amplitudes, different periods and different phase angles. Through the superposition of two-way waveforms, complex wave loads with different erosion angles, different erosion forces and different erosion periods can be applied to the test soil slope.

[0017] Preferably, the impermeable weighted roller curtain is formed by a combination of weight and waterproof material, and covers the top of the test soil slope; the cross-sectional shape of the weight along the slope direction of the test slope is a trapezoid, and the material of the weight can be steel, lead sand, or aluminum plate; the waterproof material is located between the weight and the test soil slope, and is fixedly connected to the weight, with a thickness of 1-20 mm; the waterproof material needs to be designed as a whole with the weight material, and the control parameter is the weight of the mixed material. The design control calculation formula is shown in formula (6):

[0018] γ 压重卷帘 =(γ 压重 d 压重 +γ 防水材料 d 防水材料 ) / (d 压重 +d 防水材料 ) (6) In the formula: γ is the material density; d is the material; the subscript is the corresponding material.

[0019] Preferably, the membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device simulates the enhancing effect of the self-weight stress of the membrane bag concrete on the stability of the slope through weight, and simulates the barrier effect of the membrane bag concrete against wave load erosion through waterproof materials; controls the speed of the roller shutter motor through a computer, thereby controlling the increasing trend of the gap between the impermeable weighted roller shutters, thereby simulating the construction and quality stability of the membrane bag concrete.

[0020] Preferably, the plane shape of a water-impermeable weight rolling curtain along the test slope direction is composed of n square weight units and m isosceles right triangle weight units, wherein the length of the right angle side of the isosceles right triangle is equal to the side length of the square; two water-impermeable weight rolling curtains are joined to each other, and the shape of the joining edge of each water-impermeable weight rolling curtain is selected from a vertical line, an oblique straight line, a broken line or a curve, which is used to simulate different crack shapes.

[0021] Preferably, the sensor monitoring and analysis system monitors the stability of the test soil slope under the impact erosion of wave loads by means of physical indicators and visual parameters; the soil pressure gauge is used to record the change of soil pressure under the impact erosion of wave loads (physical indicators), and when the monitored soil pressure changes suddenly, it can be determined that the slope is unstable and damaged; the pore water pressure gauge is used to record the change of pore water pressure under the impact erosion of wave loads (physical indicators), and when the hydraulic gradient calculated from the monitored pore water pressure reaches the critical hydraulic gradient, it can be determined that the slope is unstable and damaged; the high-resolution camera is used to record the deformation of the slope under the impact erosion of wave loads (visual parameters), and the shear strain distribution of the slope can be calculated through image comparison, and when the shear strain reaches 5%, it can be determined that the slope is unstable and damaged.

[0022] Preferably, the model box is a single-sided open model box, and the remaining surfaces of the model box are sealed.

[0023] A test method based on the test device includes the following test process:

[0024] (1) Fill the model box with test soil of a certain grade to form a slope with a certain inclination angle. During the filling process, bury the soil pressure gauge and pore water pressure gauge, and install a high-resolution camera above the model box;

[0025] (2) Set the compression amplitude of the membrane bag concrete and the crack shape, assemble the membrane bag concrete compression-cracking simulation device and place it on the test soil slope, and set the initial crack width to 0;

[0026] (3) Inject water into the model box until the target water depth is reached;

[0027] (4) Setting the amplitude, erosion angle, period and phase angle of the wave load, setting the cracking speed of the membrane bag concrete, starting the sensor monitoring and analysis system, starting the transverse wave servo controller and the longitudinal wave servo controller, and starting the roller shutter motor;

[0028] (5) When the sensor monitoring and analysis system determines that the test soil slope is unstable and damaged, the lateral wave-making servo controller and the longitudinal wave-making servo controller are stopped, and the roller shutter motor is stopped;

[0029] (6) Dismantle the test soil slope model and conduct observation and testing.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1) The present invention sets a transverse wave-making device and a longitudinal wave-making device in perpendicular directions, and the two sets of wave-making devices can operate independently. By setting wave-making loads with different frequencies, different amplitudes, different periods and different phase angles in two directions, the complex wave loads with different erosion angles, different erosion forces and different erosion periods can be applied to the membrane bag concrete slope through the principle of waveform superposition;

[0032] 2) The present invention uses a combination of weight and waterproof materials to truly simulate the weight effect and anti-seepage effect of the membrane bag concrete slope protection on the bank slope, which can more realistically simulate the performance degradation process of the membrane bag concrete slope protection under long-term operation and better reflect the impact of the performance degradation mode of the membrane bag concrete on the stability of the bank slope;

[0033] 3) The present invention uses a combination of multiple physical indicators and visual parameters to monitor the stability of the test soil slope under the impact and erosion of wave loads, and the two indicator methods can verify the accuracy and reliability of each other, providing a monitoring method and monitoring parameter basis for the long-term operation stability of the real membrane bag concrete slope protection;

[0034] 4) The present invention uses different waterproof weight-bearing roller shutter splicing shapes to simulate different crack shapes, including vertical lines, oblique lines, broken lines, and curves. By setting different opening speeds to simulate the width of the cracks, the organic combination of the two methods can simulate the complex cracking conditions of the membrane bag concrete;

[0035] 5) The present invention can simulate the long-term operating stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection under real complex wave load conditions under indoor laboratory conditions, providing a scientific basis for the reinforcement design and construction organization of membrane bag concrete slope protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the test device of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic plan view of the test device of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the membrane bag concrete pressure-cracking simulation device of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structural arrangement of the watertight weight-bearing roller blind of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1. model box, 2. lateral wave-making servo controller, 3. lateral wave-making loading plate, 4. longitudinal wave-making servo controller, 5. longitudinal wave-making loading plate, 6. rolling curtain motor, 7. watertight weighted rolling curtain, 8. horizontal guide rail beam, 9. rolling curtain reel, 10. soil pressure gauge, 11. pore water pressure gauge, 12. high-resolution camera, 13. data acquisition box, 14. computer, 15. test soil, 16. water level line; 17. a weight unit of the watertight weighted rolling curtain; 18. waterproof material in the watertight weighted rolling curtain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The long-term operation stability of the membrane bag concrete slope protection of a waterway was evaluated by using the test device described in the present invention:

[0043] Through the previous geological and hydrological survey, the wave load characteristics of the channel under the ship surge and tidal water level fluctuation can be simplified to a sine wave with an incident angle of 45°, an average water level depth of 5m, a surge amplitude difference of 0.5m, and a surge frequency of 0.01Hz. According to the above conditions, the total dynamic stress of the wave load on the slope can be obtained as a sine load of 10kN, calculated by formula (1), and the corresponding lateral and longitudinal decomposed stresses are 7kN. The calculation formulas are (2) and (3).

[0044]

[0045] Where: k is the waveform-stress coefficient; A is the maximum amplitude of the wave; θ is the wave-making incident angle; is the wave-making phase angle; f is the wave-making frequency; h is the surge depth; t is the simulation time; h0 is the initial water level depth.

[0046] According to the calculation results, it can be obtained that the wave-making loads of the transverse wave-making device and the longitudinal wave-making device are both equal-amplitude sinusoidal waves, the frequencies of the corresponding wave-making servo controllers are both 0.01 Hz, and the initial phase angles are both 0°.

[0047] The uniformly distributed load imposed by the membrane bag concrete on the bank slope is calculated by formula (4), which is 8kN / m 2 ; Now assume that vertical cracks will occur in the membrane bag concrete after 10 years of operation, and the crack expansion rate is calculated by formula (5), and the average cracking rate is 1mm / year.

[0048] P压重 =γ 混凝土 d (4)

[0049]

[0050] Where: γ 混凝土 is the bulk density of the membrane bag concrete; d is the thickness of the membrane bag concrete; T is the temperature change function; δ is the membrane bag damage function; Q is the construction quality control function of the membrane bag concrete; t is the operating time of the membrane bag concrete; B1-B6 are the semi-empirical fitting values ​​of the influence of various parameters on the cracking speed of concrete.

[0051] Based on the calculation results of the above test parameters, a scaled slope soil model was made in the model box (the scale ratio was set to 10, and the corresponding weight scale ratio was also 10), and a transverse and longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device and a sensor monitoring and analysis system were arranged.

[0052] Among them, the transverse-longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device includes a transverse wave-making device and a longitudinal wave-making device, which are used to apply wave loads to the test soil slope. The transverse wave-making device includes a transverse wave-making servo controller and a transverse wave-making loading plate, and the longitudinal wave-making device includes a longitudinal wave-making servo controller and a longitudinal wave-making loading plate. The transverse wave-making loading plate is connected to the transverse wave-making servo controller, and the transverse servo controller drives the transverse wave-making loading plate to form transverse waves; the longitudinal wave-making loading plate is connected to the longitudinal wave-making servo controller, and the longitudinal servo controller drives the longitudinal loading plate to form longitudinal waves; the transverse wave-making device and the longitudinal wave-making device are located at the same height inside the model box, and the transverse servo controller and the longitudinal servo controller are controlled by a computer, and wave-making loads with different frequencies, different amplitudes, different periods and different phase angles can be independently applied. Complex wave loads with different erosion angles, different erosion forces and different erosion periods can be applied to the test soil slope through bidirectional waveform superposition.

[0053] Among them, the membrane bag concrete pressure-cracking simulation device includes a roller shutter motor, a watertight pressure roller shutter, a horizontal guide rail beam and a roller shutter reel, which are used to simulate the pressure effect of the membrane bag concrete on the test soil slope and the cracking and destruction process of the membrane bag concrete; the roller shutter motor, the watertight pressure roller shutter and the roller shutter reel are symmetrically arranged along the transverse central axis of the model box, and the watertight pressure roller shutter covers the test soil slope; the roller shutter motor is connected to the roller shutter reel, and the rotation of the roller shutter reel drives the watertight pressure roller shutter to move horizontally along the horizontal guide rail beam, and the watertight pressure roller shutter shrinks and rolls up on the roller shutter reel.

[0054] Among them, the sensor monitoring and analysis system includes an earth pressure gauge, a pore water pressure gauge, a high-resolution camera, a data acquisition box and a computer, which are used to monitor in real time the changes in earth pressure, pore water pressure and spatial shape of the test soil slope during wave load impact and erosion; the data acquisition box is used to synchronously collect earth pressure and pore water pressure data during the test loading process in real time; the computer is used to analyze the earth pressure and pore water pressure data collected during the test, and perform image recognition processing on the photos taken by the high-resolution camera to obtain spatial position change information of the slope soil.

[0055] Then set the compaction amplitude of the membrane bag concrete to 0.8kN / m 2 The crack opening shape is set as a vertical line (all square weight units are used for splicing), the crack opening speed is set to 0.001 mm / h, the weight material is aluminum (calculated according to formula (6)), the thickness of the waterproof material is 2 mm, the membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device is spliced ​​and placed on the test soil slope, and the initial crack width is set to 0.

[0056] γ 压重卷帘 =(γ 压重 d 压重 +γ 防水材料 d 防水材料 ) / (d 压重 +d 防水材料 ) (6) In the formula: γ is the material density; d is the material; the subscript is the corresponding material.

[0057] Next, water was injected into the model box until the target water depth of 5 m was reached.

[0058] Secondly, the amplitude of the transverse and longitudinal wave loads was set to 5 kN, the erosion angle was 45°, the frequency was 1 Hz, and the phase angle was 0°. The sensor monitoring and analysis system was started, the transverse wave-making servo controller and the longitudinal wave-making servo controller were started, and the roller shutter motor was started.

[0059] When the monitored soil pressure changes suddenly, or the hydraulic gradient calculated from the monitored pore water pressure reaches the critical hydraulic gradient, or the shear strain of the slope calculated by the high-resolution camera reaches 5%, it can be determined that the slope is unstable and damaged, and then the lateral wave-making servo controller and the longitudinal wave-making servo controller are stopped, and the roller shutter motor is stopped.

[0060] Finally, the test soil slope model was dismantled, and the slope instability and failure observation and geotechnical test analysis were carried out. The test results showed that the test slope was damaged under 1 million wave loads, which is equivalent to about 11 years of operation in the prototype condition. In view of this, it is necessary to fill the cracks in the membrane bag concrete 4-5 years after the damage to prevent subsequent slope instability and failure.

[0061] Based on the above embodiments, it can be found that the test device can simulate the long-term operation stability of the membrane bag concrete slope protection under real complex wave load conditions under indoor laboratory conditions, and reveals the instability and failure mechanism of the membrane bag concrete after cracks occur, providing a scientific basis for the reinforcement design and construction organization of the membrane bag concrete slope protection.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection, characterized in that: The test device is composed of a transverse and longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device, a membrane bag concrete pressure-cracking simulation device, a sensor monitoring and analysis system and a model box, and can be used to simulate and analyze the long-term operation stability of the membrane bag concrete slope protection under the impact and erosion of wave loads; The transverse-longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device comprises a transverse wave-making device and a longitudinal wave-making device, and is used to apply wave load to the test soil slope, and the applied wave load formula is (1); the transverse wave-making device comprises a transverse wave-making servo controller and a transverse wave-making loading plate, and the transverse wave-making servo control formula is (2); the longitudinal wave-making device comprises a longitudinal wave-making servo controller and a longitudinal wave-making loading plate, and the longitudinal wave-making servo control formula is (3); the transverse wave-making loading plate is connected to the transverse wave-making servo controller, and the transverse servo controller drives the transverse wave-making loading plate to form transverse waves; the longitudinal wave-making loading plate is connected to the longitudinal wave-making servo controller, and the longitudinal servo controller drives the longitudinal loading plate to form longitudinal waves; Where: k is the waveform-stress coefficient; A is the maximum amplitude of the wave; θ is the wave-making incident angle; is the wave-making phase angle; f is the wave-making frequency; h is the surge depth; t is the simulation time; h0 is the initial water level depth; The membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device comprises a roller shutter motor, two watertight weight roller shutters, a horizontal guide rail beam and a roller shutter reel, which are used to simulate the weight effect of the membrane bag concrete on the test soil slope and the cracking and destruction process of the membrane bag concrete; the roller shutter motor, the two watertight weight roller shutters and the roller shutter reel are symmetrically arranged along the transverse central axis of the model box, the watertight weight roller shutters cover the test soil slope, and apply a uniformly distributed load as shown in formula (4) to the soil slope; the roller shutter motor is connected to the roller shutter reel, and the roller shutter reel is distributed on the left and right sides of the soil slope. The rotation of the roller shutter reel drives the two watertight weight roller shutters to move to the left and right sides respectively along the horizontal guide rail beam, and a gap is generated between the two watertight weight roller shutters, wherein the horizontal movement speed control formula of the watertight weight roller shutter is shown in formula (5); P 压重 =c 混凝土 d (4) Where: γ 混凝土 is the bulk density of the film bag concrete; d is the thickness of the film bag concrete; T is the temperature change function; δ is the film bag damage function; Q is the film bag concrete construction quality control function; t is the film bag concrete operation time; B1-B6 are the semi-empirical fitting values ​​of the influence of various parameters on the concrete cracking speed; The sensor monitoring and analysis system includes an earth pressure gauge, a pore water pressure gauge, a high-resolution camera, a data acquisition box and a computer, and is used to monitor in real time the changes in earth pressure, pore water pressure and spatial shape of the test soil slope during wave load impact and erosion; the data acquisition box is used to synchronously collect earth pressure and pore water pressure data during the test loading process in real time; the computer is used to analyze the earth pressure and pore water pressure data collected during the test, and perform image recognition processing on the photos taken by the high-resolution camera to obtain spatial position change information of the slope soil; The model box is used to place a test soil slope, a transverse and longitudinal bidirectional wave-making device, a membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device and a sensor monitoring and analysis system; the bottom of the test soil slope is immersed in water, and the water level is located above the bottom of the impermeable weight-bearing roller curtain and also above the bottom of the transverse and longitudinal wave-making loading plate.

2. The test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transverse wave-making device and the longitudinal wave-making device are located at the same height inside the model box. The transverse servo controller and the longitudinal servo controller are controlled by a computer and can independently apply wave-making loads of different frequencies, different amplitudes, different cycles and different phase angles. Complex wave loads of different erosion angles, different erosion forces and different erosion cycles can be applied to the test soil slope through bidirectional waveform superposition.

3. The test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The impermeable weighted roller curtain is formed by a combination of weight and waterproof material, and covers the top of the test soil slope; the cross-sectional shape of the weight along the test slope is a trapezoid, and the material of the weight can be steel, lead sand, or aluminum plate; the waterproof material is located between the weight and the test soil slope, and is fixedly connected to the weight, with a thickness of 1-20 mm; the waterproof material needs to be designed as a whole with the weight material, and the control parameter is the weight of the mixed material. The design control calculation formula is shown in formula (6): c 压重卷帘 =(γ 压重 d 压重 +g 防水材料 d 防水材料 ) / (d 压重 +d 防水材料 ) (6) In the formula: γ is the material density; d is the material; the subscript is the corresponding material.

4. The test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The membrane bag concrete weight-cracking simulation device simulates the enhancement effect of the self-weight stress of the membrane bag concrete on the stability of the bank slope through weight, and simulates the barrier effect of the membrane bag concrete on wave load erosion through waterproof materials; The speed of the roller shutter motor is controlled by a computer, thereby controlling the increasing trend of the gap between the water-tight and weight-bearing roller shutters, thereby simulating the construction and quality stability of membrane bag concrete.

5. The test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plane shape of the weight of a watertight weight roller curtain along the test slope direction is composed of n square weight units and m isosceles right triangle weight units, where the length of the right angle side of the isosceles right triangle is equal to the side length of the square; two watertight weight roller curtains are joined to each other, and the shape of the joint edge of each watertight weight roller curtain is selected from a vertical line, an oblique straight line, a broken line or a curve to simulate different crack shapes.

6. The test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor monitoring and analysis system monitors the stability of the test soil slope under the impact erosion of wave loads by means of physical indicators and visual parameters; the soil pressure gauge is used to record the change of soil pressure under the impact erosion of wave loads (physical indicators), and when the monitored soil pressure changes suddenly, the slope can be determined to be unstable and damaged; the pore water pressure gauge is used to record the change of pore water pressure under the impact erosion of wave loads (physical indicators), and when the hydraulic gradient calculated from the monitored pore water pressure reaches the critical hydraulic gradient, the slope can be determined to be unstable and damaged; the high-resolution camera is used to record the deformation of the slope under the impact erosion of wave loads (visual parameters), and the shear strain distribution of the slope can be calculated through image comparison, and when the shear strain reaches 5%, the slope can be determined to be unstable and damaged.

7. The test device for simulating the long-term operation stability of membrane bag concrete slope protection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The model box is a single-sided open model box, and the remaining surfaces of the model box are in a sealed state.

8. A test method based on the test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test method includes the following test procedures: (1) Fill the model box with test soil of a certain grade to form a slope with a certain inclination angle. During the filling process, bury the soil pressure gauge and pore water pressure gauge, and install a high-resolution camera above the model box; (2) Set the compression amplitude of the membrane bag concrete and the crack shape, assemble the membrane bag concrete compression-cracking simulation device and place it on the test soil slope, and set the initial crack width to 0; (3) Inject water into the model box until the target water depth is reached; (4) Setting the amplitude, erosion angle, period and phase angle of the wave load, setting the cracking speed of the membrane bag concrete, starting the sensor monitoring and analysis system, starting the transverse wave servo controller and the longitudinal wave servo controller, and starting the roller shutter motor; (5) When the sensor monitoring and analysis system determines that the test soil slope is unstable and damaged, the lateral wave-making servo controller and the longitudinal wave-making servo controller are stopped, and the roller shutter motor is stopped; (6) Dismantle the test soil slope model and conduct observation and testing.

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