Networking photovoltaic power generation energy storage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a networked photovoltaic power generation energy storage system, relates to the technical field of photovoltaic energy storage, and is used for charging control of a rechargeable battery, overcurrent protection during charging control of the rechargeable battery and automatic voltage stabilization through a feedback pin. The demodulator is used for transmitting demodulated data to the charging controller for processing; the control module is used for controlling the voltage regulation precision and the voltage regulation range of the voltage regulation module, processing a receiving power request fed back by the demodulation module in time, and outputting a control signal to the voltage regulation module according to requirements, so as to realize multi-gear voltage precise regulation; the load power detection module and the load voltage and current detection circuit are additionally arranged at the load, the load power and the voltage and current are uploaded to the monitoring system, it is ensured that the output of the inverter does not exceed the limit value, then the output power of the photovoltaic power supply is ensured, countercurrent is effectively avoided, and energy is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic energy storage, and in particular to a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the optimization of the global energy structure, solar energy as a clean and renewable new energy is increasingly respected, and photovoltaic power generation is particularly valued. With the increasing energy crisis and the improvement of human environmental awareness, the development and utilization of new energy sources are increasingly valued by people. As an inexhaustible, efficient and pollution-free energy, solar energy has become more popular recently. Photovoltaic power generation base stations are generally used as independent power supply systems in remote areas and have a long operating time. Photovoltaic power generation technology is one of the development trends of new energy in the world. It requires more system efficiency, reliability and economy.

[0003] At present, the construction modes of photovoltaic power stations mainly include ground power stations (including desert and mountain photovoltaic power stations), distributed power stations (roofs of industrial parks and public buildings), facility agricultural power stations, multi-energy complementary power stations (fish-solar, hydro-solar, wind-solar complementary) and small household photovoltaic power stations. According to the application form of photovoltaic power stations, photovoltaic inverters have developed rapidly, and different inverter solutions have also emerged, namely centralized, string and distributed.

[0004] The domestic demand for electricity is increasing, but the domestic electricity demand management is still at a relatively low level. In order to achieve scientific, orderly and economical use of electricity, improve the efficiency of electricity use, and achieve the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection, the power sector has introduced a tiered electricity price strategy and adopted peak and valley electricity prices to regulate the electricity consumption behavior of power users.

[0005] Solar energy is an ideal renewable energy source. The solar photovoltaic power generation system has the greatest development potential in the future. Its development and utilization is an effective way to solve problems such as energy shortage, environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. It is an ideal alternative energy source for mankind. Moreover, the solar distributed power generation system is the development trend of future household electricity and commercial power supply. While meeting its own electricity needs, it can also be connected to the main power grid and sell the surplus electricity generated to power companies. Therefore, with the development of solar power generation technology and the reduction of photovoltaic cell costs, the development and utilization of solar energy will inevitably become one of the important energy sources in the late 21st century.

[0006] The DC power supply system consists of AC input, switching power supply circuit, battery, and load. The battery is used as a backup battery. When the AC input loses power, the battery can ensure the normal operation of the load. Due to the good power supply of my country's power grid and the very stable AC power, the battery has been working in a floating charge state for a long time, wasting part of the power. Under the premise of ensuring reliable power supply to the load, in order to give full play to the value of the battery, many power users, battery manufacturers and power equipment manufacturers have developed a "peak shaving and valley filling" energy storage control system based on the switching power supply circuit. The main method is to indirectly control the switching power supply operation mode by adding a "peak shaving and valley filling" controller or add a "peak shaving and valley filling" control function to the controller in the switching power supply circuit, so that the battery changes from the original floating charge energy consumption mode to the "peak shaving and valley filling" cycle operation mode, which improves the use value of the battery, makes rational use of power resources, and brings economic benefits.

[0007] The existing "peak shaving and valley filling" control schemes are all centered around the switching power supply circuit, which discharges the battery by controlling the output voltage of the switching power supply to be lower than the battery voltage. However, in the specific implementation process, it is found that the controller of the switching power supply circuit is generally an old product, and it is difficult to add the "peak shaving and valley filling" control function to the controller of the switching power supply circuit itself. In addition, the software interfaces of the switching power supply controllers of different manufacturers are not the same, and it is also difficult to implement the newly added "peak shaving and valley filling" controller to indirectly control the switching power supply operation mode. Therefore, the current scheme of indirectly controlling the switching power supply operation mode by adding a "peak shaving and valley filling" controller or adding the "peak shaving and valley filling" control function to the controller in the switching power supply circuit is not feasible. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system in view of the deficiencies of the background technology.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system comprises a sensor network formed by networking a plurality of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage devices, each of the photovoltaic power generation and energy storage devices comprises a solar panel, a charging control circuit, a charging controller, an overcurrent protection circuit, a demodulation module, a full-bridge driver, a voltage regulating module, a rechargeable battery, a full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer, a rectifier circuit, an inverter bridge inverter circuit, a filter circuit, a load, a load output voltage and current sampling module, a load power detection module, a power supply voltage and current detection circuit, a drive circuit, a controller module, an energy storage converter, an energy storage module, a display module, a clock module, a memory module, an AC input terminal, an overvoltage protection circuit, a contactor control circuit, an AC contactor, and a switching power supply circuit; the signal output terminal of the solar panel is connected to the signal input terminal of the rechargeable battery through the charging control circuit, the charging controller is respectively connected to the voltage regulating module and the demodulation module, the charging control circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit are respectively connected to the charging controller, and the charging controller is respectively connected to the full-bridge driver through the demodulation module and the voltage regulating module; the signal output terminal of the rechargeable battery is connected to the signal input terminal of the full-bridge circuit, and the signal output terminal of the full-bridge circuit is connected to the high-frequency transformer The signal input end, the signal output end of the high-frequency transformer is connected to the signal input end of the rectifier circuit, the signal output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the signal input end of the inverter bridge inverter circuit, the signal output end of the inverter bridge inverter circuit is connected to the signal input end of the filter circuit, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the load; the controller module is connected to the energy storage module through the energy storage converter; the load output voltage and current sampling module and the load power detection module are respectively connected to the load, and are used to detect the output voltage, current and power of the load in real time; the power supply voltage and current detection circuit is connected to the battery, and is used to detect the voltage and current parameters of the battery in real time; the controller module is connected to the load through the load output voltage and current sampling module and the load power detection module respectively, the controller module is connected to the inverter bridge inverter circuit through the drive circuit, and the controller module is connected to the battery through the power supply voltage and current detection circuit; the display module, the clock module, and the memory module are respectively connected to the controller module; the controller module is connected to the AC contactor through the contactor control circuit, and the AC input end is connected to the switch power circuit through the overvoltage protection circuit and the AC contactor in turn, and the switch power circuit is connected to the load.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the controller module includes a data acquisition control module, a data processing module and a RAM read-write module, an interface chip control unit, a synchronous clock control module, a command deframing module, a data reading module, and a power supply circuit, a reset circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a download circuit and a configuration SPI Flash circuit; the data acquisition control module, the interface chip control unit, the synchronous clock control module, the command deframing module, the data reading module, and the power supply circuit, the reset circuit, the crystal oscillator circuit, the download circuit and the configuration SPI Flash circuit are respectively connected to the data processing module and the RAM read-write module.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the charging control circuit comprises a signal control terminal, a charging power supply terminal, a device power supply terminal, a battery terminal, a transistor, a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor; wherein the charging power supply terminal is grounded through a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series; the base of the transistor is respectively connected to the signal control terminal and the charging power supply terminal, the collector of the transistor is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor through a fourth resistor, and is also connected to the source of the first MOS transistor through a third resistor, and the emitter of the transistor is grounded; the source of the second MOS transistor is connected to the charging power supply terminal through a first diode, and the drain is connected to the device power supply terminal; the source of the first MOS transistor is connected to the charging power supply terminal through a first diode, the gate is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the drain is connected to the battery terminal.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, 4. The driving circuit comprises a chip Q1, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator D2, a PNP tube Q2, and an NPN tube Q3; Among them, one end of capacitor C6 is connected to the +5V voltage terminal, the other end of capacitor C6 is respectively connected to pins 11, 12, 19, and 20 of chip Q1 and grounded, one end of capacitor C7 is respectively connected to the collector of PNP tube Q2, the cathode of diode D1, the +15V voltage terminal, and pin 6 of chip Q1, the other end of capacitor C7 is grounded, pin 7 of chip Q1 is respectively connected to the base of PNP tube Q2 and the base of NPN tube Q3, the emitter of PNP tube Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R6, and NPN tube Q The emitter of NPN tube Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R7, the collector of NPN tube Q3 is respectively connected to one end of capacitor C8, pin 1, pin 2, pin 9 and pin 10 of chip Q1, the other end of capacitor C8 is respectively connected to one end of bidirectional voltage regulator D2, one end of capacitor C9 and one end of resistor R8 and grounded, the other end of bidirectional voltage regulator D2 is respectively connected to the other end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R7, the other end of capacitor C9, the other end of resistor R8, the positive electrode of diode D1 and UT end, and pin 4 of chip Q1 is grounded.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the rectifier circuit comprises a coupling circuit, a limit detection circuit, a limit current leakage circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the coupling circuit, the limit detection circuit, and the limit current leakage circuit are connected in sequence, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the limit current leakage circuit and the voltage stabilizing circuit respectively; Wherein, the coupling circuit is used to couple the input signal to the radio frequency identification module; A limit detection circuit is used to detect the voltage amplitude after rectification; A current limiting circuit is used to discharge excess current; The voltage stabilizing circuit is used for voltage stabilization.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the overvoltage protection circuit includes a reference voltage circuit and a feedback control circuit; Wherein, the reference voltage circuit is used to generate a reference voltage according to the source voltage when the source voltage exceeds the clamping voltage; A feedback control circuit is used to receive a reference voltage and clamp an output voltage to a clamping voltage.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the overvoltage protection circuit specifically includes a first diode Z1, a second diode Z2, a third diode Z3, a fourth diode Z4, a fifth diode Z5, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a PMOS tube M1, a PMOS tube M2, a PMOS tube M3, and a PMOS tube M4; the anode of the first diode Z1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1, the anode and cathode of the first diode Z1 are connected to the cathode of the second diode Z2, the anode of the second diode Z2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode Z3, and the anode of the third diode Z3 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, the fourth and second The anode of the first resistor R1 is connected to the anode of the PMOS tube M4, one end of the third resistor R3, the anode of the fifth diode Z5, and the source of the PMOS tube M1. The other end of the first resistor R1 is respectively connected to the drain of the PMOS tube M3, the gate of the PMOS tube M3, and the gate of the PMOS tube M4. The source of the PMOS tube M3 is respectively connected to the source of the PMOS tube M4, the drain of the PMOS tube M2, and the drain of the PMOS tube M1. The drain of the PMOS tube M4 is respectively connected to the other end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the fourth diode Z4, and the gate of the PMOS tube M2. The source of the PMOS tube M2 is respectively connected to the other end of the third resistor R3, the cathode of the fifth diode Z5, and the gate of the PMOS tube M1.

[0016] As a further preferred solution of the networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the solar panel is an 18V 330W foldable photovoltaic panel.

[0017] As a further preferred solution of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the high-frequency transformer adopts an industrial frequency transformer.

[0018] As a further preferred solution of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the controller module adopts an N32G457 MCU controller, whose 32-bit high-performance ARM Cortex-M4F core runs at a main frequency of up to 144 MHz.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects: The present invention discloses a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system, comprising a solar panel, a charging control circuit, a charging controller, an overcurrent protection circuit, a demodulation module, a full-bridge driver, a voltage regulating module, a rechargeable battery, a full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer, a rectifier circuit, an inverter bridge inverter circuit, a filter circuit, and a load. The charging control circuit is connected to the rechargeable battery and is used for charging control of the rechargeable battery; the overcurrent protection circuit is used for overcurrent protection during charging control of the rechargeable battery; the voltage regulating module is connected to the full-bridge driver and is used to achieve automatic voltage stabilization through a feedback pin; the demodulation module is connected to the full-bridge driver and is used to transmit demodulated data to the charging controller for processing; the charging controller is respectively connected to the voltage regulating module and the demodulation module and is used to control the voltage regulating accuracy and voltage regulating range of the voltage regulating module, and timely processes the received power request fed back by the demodulation module, and outputs a control signal to the voltage regulating module according to the demand, thereby achieving multi-gear voltage precision regulation; the charging control circuit of the present invention adopts a MOS tube as a power device, and has high power supply efficiency; when the device battery is charging, the battery power supply can be cut off, The power supply is changed to power the device to protect the battery and extend the battery life; the device can be turned on and off by hardware and software, and can also be reset by the hardware reset port to shut down the device; the present invention adds a load power detection module and a load voltage and current detection circuit at the load, and uploads the load power and voltage and current to the monitoring system to ensure that the inverter output does not exceed the limit, thereby ensuring the output power of the photovoltaic power supply, effectively avoiding backflow, and saving energy; at the same time, the current, voltage parameters and power of the battery and the load are collected in real time, and parameter adjustment and system monitoring are achieved by communicating with the intelligent monitoring module, and then the inverter bridge inverter circuit is controlled by the drive circuit to achieve voltage stabilization control, thereby ensuring that the output voltage of the system quickly remains stable when suddenly loaded or unloaded; on the premise of ensuring reliable operation of the system, the present invention controls the on and off state of the AC contactor according to the electricity price period, indirectly controls the battery charging or discharging, and manages the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery, thereby achieving the purpose of peak shaving and valley filling of power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural principle diagram of the controller module of the present invention; Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a charging control circuit of the present invention; Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a driving circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 The circuit diagram of the rectifier circuit of the present invention is Figure 6 It is a circuit diagram of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention: A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system includes a sensor network composed of multiple photovoltaic power generation and energy storage devices connected in a network, such as Figure 1 As shown, each of the photovoltaic power generation and energy storage devices includes a solar panel, a charging control circuit, a charging controller, an overcurrent protection circuit, a demodulation module, a full-bridge driver, a voltage regulation module, a rechargeable battery, a full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer, a rectifier circuit, an inverter bridge inverter circuit, a filter circuit, a load, a load output voltage and current sampling module, a load power detection module, a power supply voltage and current detection circuit, a drive circuit, a controller module, an energy storage converter, an energy storage module, a display module, a clock module, a memory module, an AC input terminal, an overvoltage protection circuit, a contactor control circuit, an AC contactor, and a switching power supply circuit; the signal output terminal of the solar panel is connected to the signal input terminal of the rechargeable battery through the charging control circuit, and the charging control The controller is respectively connected to the voltage regulating module and the demodulation module, the charging control circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit are respectively connected to the charging controller, and the charging controller is respectively connected to the full-bridge driver through the demodulation module and the voltage regulating module; the signal output end of the rechargeable battery is connected to the signal input end of the full-bridge circuit, the signal output end of the full-bridge circuit is connected to the signal input end of the high-frequency transformer, the signal output end of the high-frequency transformer is connected to the signal input end of the rectifier circuit, the signal output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the signal input end of the inverter bridge inverter circuit, the signal output end of the inverter bridge inverter circuit is connected to the signal input end of the filter circuit, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the load; the controller module is connected to the energy storage module through the energy storage converter; The load output voltage and current sampling module and the load power detection module are respectively connected to the load and are used to detect the output voltage, current and power of the load in real time; The power supply voltage and current detection circuit is connected to the battery and is used to detect the voltage and current parameters of the battery in real time; The controller module is connected to the load through the load output voltage and current sampling module and the load power detection module respectively, the controller module is connected to the inverter bridge inverter circuit through the drive circuit, and the controller module is connected to the battery through the power supply voltage and current detection circuit; The display module, clock module and memory module are respectively connected to the controller module; the controller module is connected to the AC contactor through the contactor control circuit, and the AC input end is connected to the switching power supply circuit through the overvoltage protection circuit and the AC contactor in turn, and the switching power supply circuit is connected to the load.

[0022] Rechargeable batteries for providing electrical energy, wherein the electrical energy can be charged from a new energy source; Full-bridge circuit, used to reduce the internal resistance of lithium iron phosphate battery, High-frequency transformer, used to convert the voltage of lithium iron phosphate battery into high voltage; A rectifier circuit, used for rectifying the converted high voltage; Inverter bridge inverter circuit, used to convert high voltage into alternating current; The filter circuit is used to filter the alternating current.

[0023] At the same time, the current, voltage and power parameters of the battery and the load are collected in real time, and parameter adjustment and system monitoring are realized by communicating with the intelligent monitoring module, and then the inverter bridge inverter circuit is controlled by the driving circuit to realize voltage stabilization control, thereby ensuring that the output voltage of the system quickly remains stable when the system is suddenly loaded or unloaded; under the premise of ensuring the reliable operation of the system, the present invention controls the on-off state of the AC contactor according to the electricity price period, indirectly controls the battery charging or discharging, and manages the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery, thereby achieving the purpose of peak shaving and valley filling of electric power consumption; The present invention comprises a load output voltage and current sampling module, a load power detection module, a power supply voltage and current detection circuit, a drive circuit, a controller module, an energy storage converter, an energy storage module, an AC input terminal, a contactor control circuit, an AC contactor, and a switching power supply circuit; in power smoothing control, the energy storage system adopts dual-loop control, the inner loop controls the energy storage battery current, and the outer loop is divided into two situations: 1) the power outer loop when the power grid is normal; 2) the voltage outer loop when the power grid fails. The system not only has maximum power tracking and grid-connected power generation functions, but also has a grid-connected power smoothing function. When the power grid is disconnected due to a fault, the system stores photovoltaic power generation energy into a lithium iron phosphate battery, thereby improving power generation efficiency and ensuring the stability of the DC bus voltage.

[0024] The details are as follows: The peak-shaving and valley-filling controller controls the power distribution mode of the AC input of the switching power supply circuit to achieve battery discharge during peak electricity price periods and charging during valley electricity price periods; The peak shaving and valley filling controller is located between the AC input part and the switching power supply circuit. Under the premise of ensuring reliable power supply to the load, the peak shaving and valley filling controller disconnects the AC input of the switching power supply circuit during the peak electricity price period, forcing the battery to discharge to the load; during the valley electricity price period, the AC input of the switching power supply circuit is closed, and the switching power supply circuit resumes normal operation, charging the battery and discharging the load, thereby achieving the purpose of peak shaving and valley filling.

[0025] The AC input part is a power input distribution unit, which supplies power to the switching power supply circuit. The switching power supply system charges the battery and supplies power to the load. The peak shaving and valley filling controller can cut off and close the AC input.

[0026] The switching power supply circuit is the power conversion part, which realizes the conversion of AC power into DC power. When the AC input is disconnected, the switching power supply circuit will stop working, no power will be supplied to the DC bus, and the battery will start to discharge to the load. When the AC input is closed, the switching power supply circuit will resume working and charge the battery.

[0027] The battery is a DC power storage device. The battery receives DC power output from a switching power supply and stores energy. When the switching power supply stops working, the battery can continue to supply power to the load.

[0028] The peak shaving and valley filling controller is embedded between the AC input part and the switching power supply system. The peak shaving and valley filling controller collects the battery charging current and discharging current, collects the real-time voltage of the battery, outputs a control signal to the AC contactor control coil, calculates the battery capacity in real time based on the collected battery current, determines the current operating status of the battery based on the collected battery voltage and the calculated battery capacity, and pre-stores the time definition of the peak period and the valley period. The AC contactor is disconnected during the peak period and closed during the valley period. When the battery capacity is lower than the lower limit, the peak shaving and valley filling controller controls the AC contactor to close.

[0029] The collected voltage and current parameters are uploaded to the MCU controller in real time. The microcontroller module summarizes and pre-processes the received voltage and current parameters. When a fault occurs, a fault signal is sent first. When the parameters need to be modified, the data is received and the corresponding parameters are modified. Then, the inverter circuit is controlled by the drive circuit to achieve voltage stabilization control, thereby ensuring that the output voltage of the system quickly remains stable when the system is suddenly loaded or unloaded.

[0030] The MCU controller makes fault judgment based on the voltage and current sampling values, and blocks the PWM output when a fault occurs. The lithium iron phosphate battery is undervoltage and overvoltage. The lithium iron phosphate battery undervoltage and overvoltage protection can achieve self-recovery, that is, when the lithium iron phosphate battery voltage is detected to return to normal, the system restarts soft restart and resumes normal operation.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, the controller module includes a data acquisition control module, a data processing module and a RAM read-write module, an interface chip control unit, a synchronous clock control module, a command de-framing module, a data reading module, and a power supply circuit, a reset circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a download circuit and a configuration SPI Flash circuit; the data acquisition control module, the interface chip control unit, the synchronous clock control module, the command de-framing module, the data reading module, and the power supply circuit, the reset circuit, the crystal oscillator circuit, the download circuit and the configuration SPI Flash circuit are respectively connected to the data processing module and the RAM read-write module.

[0032] The present invention adopts Xilinx's Spartan6 series FPGA as the core control device, realizes the functions of data acquisition control, data caching, data processing, data storage, data transmission and synchronous clock control, and has the characteristics of high precision, fast speed, good reliability, strong real-time performance and low cost. The present invention uses FPGA as the main processor of the 16-channel real-time, high-speed and high-precision synchronous data acquisition system, the sampling frequency of which in the actual monitoring project is 200 kHz, and uses FPGA to reasonably control and coordinate the transmission of data streams between various modules, thereby realizing the real-time, synchronous and high-speed acquisition functions required by the system.

[0033] The chip used for the system control core is the Spartan6 series chip XC6SLX45 from Xilinx. The sixth generation Spartan series product Spartan6 FPGA is based on the recognized low-power 45 nm, 9-metal copper layer, dual gate oxide process technology, and provides advanced power management technology, 150,000 logic units, hard-core DRAM memory, and multiple IPs. It is the most widely used and mature FPGA series of Xilinx. The FPGA master control module mainly completes the configuration of the camera and video data acquisition, DDR3-SDRAM data access, and HDMI interface chip configuration and video data transmission. Its hardware circuit also includes power supply circuit, reset circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, download circuit, and SPI Flash configuration circuit.

[0034] like Figure 3As shown, the charging control circuit includes a signal control terminal, a charging power supply terminal, a device power supply terminal, a battery terminal, a triode, a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor; wherein the charging power supply terminal is grounded through a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series; the base of the triode is respectively connected to the signal control terminal and the charging power supply terminal, the collector of the triode is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor through a fourth resistor, and is also connected to the source of the first MOS transistor through a third resistor, and the emitter of the triode is grounded; the source of the second MOS transistor is connected to the charging power supply terminal through a first diode, and the drain is connected to the device power supply terminal; the source of the first MOS transistor is connected to the charging power supply terminal through a first diode, the gate is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the drain is connected to the battery terminal.

[0035] The present invention adopts MOS tube as power device, which has high power efficiency. When the device battery is charging, the battery power supply can be cut off and the device can be powered by the power supply instead, so as to protect the battery and prolong the battery life. The device can be turned on and off by hardware and software, and can also be reset by hardware reset port, so as to shut down the device. like Figure 4 As shown, the driving circuit includes a chip Q1, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator D2, a PNP tube Q2, and an NPN tube Q3; Among them, one end of capacitor C6 is connected to the +5V voltage terminal, the other end of capacitor C6 is respectively connected to pins 11, 12, 19, and 20 of chip Q1 and grounded, one end of capacitor C7 is respectively connected to the collector of PNP tube Q2, the cathode of diode D1, the +15V voltage terminal, and pin 6 of chip Q1, the other end of capacitor C7 is grounded, pin 7 of chip Q1 is respectively connected to the base of PNP tube Q2 and the base of NPN tube Q3, the emitter of PNP tube Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R6, and NPN tube Q The emitter of NPN tube Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R7, the collector of NPN tube Q3 is respectively connected to one end of capacitor C8, pin 1, pin 2, pin 9 and pin 10 of chip Q1, the other end of capacitor C8 is respectively connected to one end of bidirectional voltage regulator D2, one end of capacitor C9 and one end of resistor R8 and grounded, the other end of bidirectional voltage regulator D2 is respectively connected to the other end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R7, the other end of capacitor C9, the other end of resistor R8, the positive electrode of diode D1 and UT end, and pin 4 of chip Q1 is grounded.

[0036] The left side of the driver chip is the low-voltage part. PWMUT and PWMUB are the driving interlock signals to control the on and off of the IGBT. The right side is the high-voltage part. When the OUT pin of the driver chip outputs a high level, the transistor Q2 is turned on, and the on-voltage +15V_UT charges the IGBT gate G_UT through the on-resistor R1. Similarly, when the OUT output terminal is low, the transistor Q3 is turned on, and the gate is discharged through the off-resistor R2 to -8V_UT. R6, R7, and C9 are driving parameters, and matching each other can adjust the on and off speed of the IGBT. The role of R8 is to prevent the MOS tube from being turned on by mistake, while the diode D1 and the bidirectional voltage regulator D2 can clamp the gate voltage within a reasonable range.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the rectifier circuit includes a coupling circuit, a limit detection circuit, a limit current leakage circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the rectifier circuit includes a coupling circuit, a limit detection circuit, a limit current leakage circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the coupling circuit, the limit detection circuit, and the limit current leakage circuit are connected in sequence, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is respectively connected to the limit detection circuit and the limit current leakage circuit; Wherein, the coupling circuit is used to couple the input signal to the radio frequency identification module; A limit detection circuit is used to detect the voltage amplitude after rectification; A current limiting circuit is used to discharge excess current; The voltage stabilizing circuit is used for voltage stabilization.

[0038] As a further preferred embodiment of a networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the overvoltage protection circuit includes a reference voltage circuit and a feedback control circuit; Wherein, the reference voltage circuit is used to generate a reference voltage according to the source voltage when the source voltage exceeds the clamping voltage; A feedback control circuit is used to receive a reference voltage and clamp an output voltage to a clamping voltage.

[0039] like Figure 6As shown, the overvoltage protection circuit specifically includes a first diode Z1, a second diode Z2, a third diode Z3, a fourth diode Z4, a fifth diode Z5, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a PMOS tube M1, a PMOS tube M2, a PMOS tube M3, and a PMOS tube M4; the anode of the first diode Z1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1, the anode and cathode of the first diode Z1 are connected to the cathode of the second diode Z2, the anode of the second diode Z2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode Z3, and the anode of the third diode Z3 is respectively connected to one end of the second resistor R2, the anode of the fourth diode Z4, the third resistor R3, and the cathode of the fourth diode Z4. One end of R3, the anode of the fifth diode Z5, and the source of the PMOS tube M1, the other end of the first resistor R1 is respectively connected to the drain of the PMOS tube M3, the gate of the PMOS tube M3, and the gate of the PMOS tube M4, the source of the PMOS tube M3 is respectively connected to the source of the PMOS tube M4, the drain of the PMOS tube M2, and the drain of the PMOS tube M1, the drain of the PMOS tube M4 is respectively connected to the other end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the fourth diode Z4, and the gate of the PMOS tube M2, the source of the PMOS tube M2 is respectively connected to the other end of the third resistor R3, the cathode of the fifth diode Z5, and the gate of the PMOS tube M1.

[0040] The reference voltage path is composed of a first diode Z1, a second diode Z2, and a third diode Z3. The PMOS tube M3 and the PMOS tube M4 form a current mirror for generating a reference current. The PMOS tube M2 is a driving tube for generating a turn-on current of the PMOS tube M1. The PMOS tube M1 is a discharge tube for releasing a surge current. When the surge voltage is greater than the breakdown voltage of the diode string, the diode string generates a reference voltage, that is, the Vx voltage value remains unchanged. At the same time, a reference current is generated on one side of the PMOS tube M3, and the current copy through the current mirror acts on the PMOS tube M4. This current can raise the voltage across R2 through the resistor R2, so that the gate of the driving tube PMOS tube M2 is greater than its threshold voltage, and the PMOS tube M2 is turned on. The driving current generated after the PMOS tube M2 is turned on raises the voltage across R3 through R3, so that the main discharge device M1 is turned on. M1 can discharge a large amount of current, so that the entire chip is clamped at a certain voltage. Since the size of M1 is large, M2 is required to generate enough driving current to turn on M1.

[0041] Normally, a current of tens of microamperes is required to drive the discharge tube. In addition, in order to improve the discharge efficiency of M1, the gate voltage of M1 can be appropriately raised. Raising the instantaneous gate voltage of M1 to exceed its maximum gate voltage is conducive to enhancing its discharge capacity.

[0042] As the source voltage Vsource increases, more current is injected into the buffer transistor M2, which further increases the gate voltage of the main clamp device M1 so that more current can be discharged, thereby adjusting the output voltage of the regulator to the clamping voltage.

[0043] By means of feedback control, the output voltage can be accurately clamped to the desired clamping voltage, regardless of the current discharged by the main clamping transistor, resulting in the final dynamic resistance of the protection circuit being almost zero.

[0044] Preferably, the solar panel is an 18V 330W foldable photovoltaic panel, the high-frequency transformer is an industrial frequency transformer, and the controller module is an N32G457 MCU controller with a 32-bit high-performance ARM Cortex-M4F core and a main operating frequency of up to 144MHz.

[0045] In order to solve the problem of caching high-speed and large-capacity video data, this system uses Micron's 4 Gbit DDR3-SDRAM memory chip MT41J256M16HA-125 as the cache medium. A0~A14 is the address bus, B0~B3 is the bank address, and FPGA can control the storage location of data in DDR3-SDRAM by controlling the address bus and bank address; D0~D15 is the data bus, which is connected in parallel with the main control module; CLK-N and CLK-P are differential clock input ports, and the clock frequency is set to 312.5 MHz in this system; DDR3-SDRAM is read and written through the column address selection signal (CAS), row address selection signal (RAS), and write enable signal (WE), and the performance of the on-chip resistor is optimized by controlling ODT to prevent data line interruption reflection; DQS is the synchronization signal between DDR3-SDRAM and the controller, which is a bidirectional signal. When writing data, it is sent by the controller, and when reading data, it is sent by the memory; DM is the data mask signal. Since only Bank1 and Bank3 of the Spartan6 series FPAG have MCB hard cores, in this system, Bank3 in the FPGA is selected to connect to the DDR3-SDRAM, the port voltage standard is 1.5 V, and in the FPAG UCF, the IO standard needs to be set to SSTL15_II.

[0046] The MCU controller adopts the N32G457 MCU controller, which has a 32-bit high-performance ARM Cortex-M4F core and a running frequency of up to 144MHz. The 32-bit high-performance ARM Cortex-M4F core runs at a main frequency of up to 144MHz, and the 144KB SRAM can realize the calculation and processing of the inverter's efficient control algorithm. Built-in high-performance analog interface, 4 12bit 5Msps high-speed ADCs support differential mode, 4 rail-to-rail operational amplifiers, etc., meet the high-speed A / D conversion needs of current and voltage sampling and detection. The communication interface is rich, and the chip is equipped with 7 serial ports, 3 SPI interfaces, 4 I2C interfaces, 2 CAN bus interfaces, etc. The rich main communication interface can adapt to the communication requirements of various devices such as digital tube display screens. High-precision timer resources include 2 advanced timers, each timer has 4 independent channels, 3 of which support 6-channel complementary PWM outputs, with a maximum control accuracy of 6.9nS, providing the control accuracy required by the inverter drive circuit. High reliability, the chip has an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 105℃, and can work stably for a long time in various harsh weather conditions outdoors. Built-in cryptographic algorithm hardware acceleration engine to achieve hardware-level security.

[0047] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in common dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless defined as herein.

[0048] The above embodiments are only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The above embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system, characterized by: A sensor network is provided, which is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage devices connected to each other. Each photovoltaic power generation and energy storage device comprises a solar panel, a charging control circuit, a charging controller, an overcurrent protection circuit, a demodulation module, a full-bridge driver, a voltage regulating module, a rechargeable battery, a full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer, a rectifier circuit, an inverter bridge inverter circuit, a filter circuit, a load, a load output voltage and current sampling module, a load power detection module, a power supply voltage and current detection circuit, a drive circuit, a controller module, an energy storage converter, an energy storage module, a display module, a clock module, a memory module, an AC input terminal, an overvoltage protection circuit, a contactor control circuit, an AC contactor, and a switching power supply circuit; the signal output terminal of the solar panel is connected to the signal input terminal of the rechargeable battery through the charging control circuit, the charging controller is respectively connected to the voltage regulating module and the demodulation module, the charging control circuit and the overcurrent protection circuit are respectively connected to the charging controller, and the charging controller is respectively connected to the full-bridge driver through the demodulation module and the voltage regulating module; the signal output terminal of the rechargeable battery is connected to the signal input terminal of the full-bridge circuit, and the signal output terminal of the full-bridge circuit is connected to the signal input terminal of the high-frequency transformer. The signal output end of the high-frequency transformer is connected to the signal input end of the rectifier circuit, the signal output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the signal input end of the inverter bridge inverter circuit, the signal output end of the inverter bridge inverter circuit is connected to the signal input end of the filter circuit, and the signal output end of the filter circuit is connected to the load; the controller module is connected to the energy storage module through the energy storage converter; the load output voltage and current sampling module and the load power detection module are respectively connected to the load, and are used to detect the output voltage, current and power of the load in real time; the power supply voltage and current detection circuit is connected to the battery, and is used to detect the voltage and current parameters of the battery in real time; the controller module is connected to the load through the load output voltage and current sampling module and the load power detection module respectively, the controller module is connected to the inverter bridge inverter circuit through the drive circuit, and the controller module is connected to the battery through the power supply voltage and current detection circuit; the display module, the clock module, and the memory module are respectively connected to the controller module; the controller module is connected to the AC contactor through the contactor control circuit, and the AC input end is connected to the switch power supply circuit through the overvoltage protection circuit and the AC contactor in turn, and the switch power supply circuit is connected to the load.

2. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller module includes a data acquisition control module, a data processing module and a RAM read-write module, an interface chip control unit, a synchronous clock control module, a command de-framing module, a data reading module, and a power supply circuit, a reset circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, a download circuit and a configuration SPI Flash circuit; the data acquisition control module, the interface chip control unit, the synchronous clock control module, the command de-framing module, the data reading module, and the power supply circuit, the reset circuit, the crystal oscillator circuit, the download circuit and the configuration SPI Flash circuit are respectively connected to the data processing module and the RAM read-write module.

3. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging control circuit comprises a signal control terminal, a charging power terminal, a device power terminal, a battery terminal, a transistor, a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor; wherein the charging power terminal is grounded through a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series; the base of the transistor is respectively connected to the signal control terminal and the charging power terminal, the collector of the transistor is connected to the gate of the second MOS transistor through a fourth resistor, and is also connected to the source of the first MOS transistor through a third resistor, and the emitter of the transistor is grounded; the source of the second MOS transistor is connected to the charging power terminal through a first diode, and the drain is connected to the device power terminal; the source of the first MOS transistor is connected to the charging power terminal through a first diode, the gate is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, and the drain is connected to the battery terminal.

4. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving circuit comprises a chip Q1, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, a capacitor C8, a capacitor C9, a diode D1, a bidirectional voltage regulator D2, a PNP tube Q2, and an NPN tube Q3; in, One end of capacitor C6 is connected to the +5V voltage terminal, and the other end of capacitor C6 is respectively connected to pins 11, 12, 19, and 20 of chip Q1 and grounded. One end of capacitor C7 is respectively connected to the collector of PNP tube Q2, the cathode of diode D1, the +15V voltage terminal, and pin 6 of chip Q1. The other end of capacitor C7 is grounded. Pin 7 of chip Q1 is respectively connected to the base of PNP tube Q2 and the base of NPN tube Q3. The emitter of PNP tube Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R6, and NPN tube Q3 is connected to the collector of PNP tube Q2, the cathode of diode D1, the +15V voltage terminal, and pin 6 of chip Q1. The other end of capacitor C7 is grounded. Pin 7 of chip Q1 is respectively connected to the base of PNP tube Q2 and the base of NPN tube Q3. The emitter of PNP tube Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R6, and the emitter of NPN tube Q3 is connected to the collector of PNP tube Q2, the cathode of diode D1, the +15V voltage terminal, and pin 6 of chip Q1. The emitter of is connected to one end of the resistor R7, the collector of the NPN tube Q3 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C8, pin 1, pin 2, pin 9, and pin 10 of the chip Q1, the other end of the capacitor C8 is respectively connected to one end of the bidirectional voltage regulator D2, one end of the capacitor C9, and one end of the resistor R8 and grounded, the other end of the bidirectional voltage regulator D2 is respectively connected to the other end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R7, the other end of the capacitor C9, the other end of the resistor R8, the positive electrode of the diode D1 and the UT end, and the pin 4 of the chip Q1 is grounded.

5. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rectifier circuit comprises a coupling circuit, a limit detection circuit, a limit current leakage circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the rectifier circuit comprises a coupling circuit, a limit detection circuit, a limit current leakage circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the coupling circuit, the limit detection circuit, and the limit current leakage circuit are connected in sequence, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is respectively connected to the limit detection circuit and the limit current leakage circuit; in, A coupling circuit, used for coupling the input signal to the radio frequency identification module; A limit detection circuit is used to detect the voltage amplitude after rectification; A current limiting circuit is used to discharge excess current; The voltage stabilizing circuit is used for voltage stabilization.

6. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the overvoltage protection circuit comprises a reference voltage circuit and a feedback control circuit; in, A reference voltage circuit is used to generate a reference voltage according to the source voltage when the source voltage exceeds the clamping voltage; A feedback control circuit is used to receive a reference voltage and clamp an output voltage to a clamping voltage.

7. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the overvoltage protection circuit specifically comprises a first diode Z1, a second diode Z2, a third diode Z3, a fourth diode Z4, a fifth diode Z5, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a PMOS tube M1, a PMOS tube M2, a PMOS tube M3, and a PMOS tube M4; the anode of the first diode Z1 is connected to one end of the first resistor R1, the anode and cathode of the first diode Z1 are connected to the cathode of the second diode Z2, the anode of the second diode Z2 is connected to the cathode of the third diode Z3, and the anode of the third diode Z3 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the third diode Z3, and the cathode of the third diode Z3 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the third diode Z3, and the cathode of the third diode Z3. The anode of the fourth diode Z4, one end of the third resistor R3, the anode of the fifth diode Z5, and the source of the PMOS tube M1, the other end of the first resistor R1 are respectively connected to the drain of the PMOS tube M3, the gate of the PMOS tube M3, and the gate of the PMOS tube M4, the source of the PMOS tube M3 is respectively connected to the source of the PMOS tube M4, the drain of the PMOS tube M2, and the drain of the PMOS tube M1, the drain of the PMOS tube M4 is respectively connected to the other end of the second resistor R2, the cathode of the fourth diode Z4, and the gate of the PMOS tube M2, the source of the PMOS tube M2 is respectively connected to the other end of the third resistor R3, the cathode of the fifth diode Z5, and the gate of the PMOS tube M1.

8. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solar panel is a 18V 330W foldable photovoltaic panel.

9. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-frequency transformer adopts an industrial frequency transformer.

10. A networked photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller module adopts an N32G457 MCU controller, whose 32-bit high-performance ARM Cortex-M4F core runs at a main frequency of up to 144MHz.

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