Microbial fertilizer and soil beneficial bacterium awakening method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a microbial fertilizer and a soil beneficial bacterium awakening method thereof. The microbial fertilizer comprises a hermetia illucens insect fertilizer, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the microbial fertilizer inoculant takes the hermetia illucens insect fertilizer as a basis and is supplemented with the phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the potassium solubilizing bacteria and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria; the phosphate solubilizing bacteria play a positive role in enhancing the phosphorus supply capability of the hermetia illucens insect fertilizer; the potassium bacteria play an important role in improving the potassium supply capability of the hermetia illucens insect fertilizer; the nitrogen-fixing bacteria have important significance for improving the nitrogen supply capability of the hermetia illucens insect fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer fungicide is guided to be used by a synergistic soil beneficial bacterium awakening method. The method comprises the following steps: detecting and knowing the basic conditions of the pH value, the organic matter content, the nutrient condition and the microbial community structure of soil in advance, and pretreating the soil to enable the soil to meet the conditions beneficial to microbial activity and plant root growth; a microbial fertilizer is applied according to the crop demand soil condition, a microbial agent is added to make full contact with the soil, and soil irrigation moisture preservation, monitoring and adjustment are kept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a microbial fertilizer and a method for awakening cooperative beneficial soil bacteria, and in particular to the field of black soldier fly fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] In the current market, traditional fertilizers are widely used in agricultural production, but they also have some significant disadvantages: 1. Deterioration of soil quality: Long-term use of traditional chemical fertilizers will cause soil compaction, deterioration of soil quality, and affect the ecological balance of the soil; this is because the salt and chemicals in the fertilizers will destroy the soil structure and reduce the organic matter and microbial diversity in the soil.

[0003] 2. Loss and environmental pollution: Nutrients in traditional fertilizers are easily lost, especially when washed away by rainwater. They will enter water bodies, causing eutrophication, triggering excessive growth of algae, consuming oxygen in the water, affecting the survival of aquatic organisms, and thus destroying the water ecological environment.

[0004] 3. Energy and resource consumption: The production process of traditional fertilizers requires a lot of energy and raw materials, which does not meet the requirements of sustainable development. At the same time, the production and transportation of fertilizers will also produce certain carbon emissions, exacerbating global warming.

[0005] 4. Nutrient monotony and imbalance: Although traditional fertilizers have high nutrient content, they are often monotonous and cannot meet the diverse nutrient needs of crops. Long-term use may lead to an imbalance in soil nutrient ratios, affecting crop growth and quality.

[0006] 5. The spread of soil drug resistance: The spread of soil drug resistance caused by the use of traditional fertilizers has become a hot topic of global concern and poses a potential threat to public health. Summary of the invention

[0007] In this context, the present invention aims to provide a microbial fertilizer agent and a method for awakening beneficial soil bacteria that can improve soil resistance caused by traditional chemical fertilizers and damage to the soil environment and water ecology.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: A microbial fertilizer and a method for awakening cooperative beneficial soil bacteria. The microbial fertilizer comprises: organic fertilizer, black soldier fly fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer agent; the microbial fertilizer agent comprises phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0009] The present invention uses the black soldier fly fertilizer as the basis of the microbial agent because the black soldier fly fertilizer is regarded as a new type of green and environmentally friendly "low-resistance organic fertilizer" due to its low abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and their transfer elements; in terms of digestion ability, black soldier fly larvae can digest almost any organic matter and are the main promoter for decomposing organic waste; in terms of conversion efficiency, it is also faster than traditional composting, can convert organic materials within a few weeks, and has less greenhouse gas emissions; in terms of resistance, black soldier fly larvae have extremely strong resistance to extreme temperature changes and low oxygen environments, are easy to breed, and their larvae and insect sand (insect feces) are rich in nitrogen and other minerals, and are high-quality fertilizers and soil additives; and the application of black soldier fly fertilizer not only helps to reduce drug-resistant genes in soil and plants, but also has a regulatory mechanism for soil microbial communities, providing a new perspective for future soil health management; therefore, the black soldier fly fertilizer is taken as the basis for adding microbial agents to microbial fertilizers.

[0010] In addition, the beneficial microorganisms that can enhance the fertilizer effect of the black soldier fly fertilizer also include: organic matter decomposing bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria; the organic matter decomposing bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, etc., can decompose the organic matter in the black soldier fly fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer; the plant growth promoting bacteria, such as rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, etc., can directly promote plant growth and improve the stress resistance and yield of crops. Depending on the situation, these two beneficial microorganisms can be used to further enhance the fertilizer effect of the black soldier fly fertilizer.

[0011] The microbial fertilizer is applied under the guidance of a collaborative soil beneficial bacteria awakening method: 1. Preliminary detection of the basic conditions of soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient status and microbial community structure, and pre-treatment of the soil by tillage or rotary tillage to make the soil meet conditions that are conducive to microbial activity and plant root growth, and then an appropriate amount of the microbial fertilizer additive is applied according to crop needs and soil conditions to ensure that the microbial fertilizer additive is in full contact with the soil, and soil irrigation and moisture retention and monitoring and adjustment are maintained to ensure the soil awakening and improvement effect.

[0012] The above technical solution is beneficial in that: 1. Compared with traditional chemical fertilizers, the bacterial agent based on black soldier flies supplemented with microorganisms is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, does not cause soil drug resistance problems, and can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, promote crop growth, and does not cause damage to the soil environment and water ecology. In addition, in the process of breeding black soldier fly larvae, the black soldier fly larvae can efficiently process various organic wastes and convert them into high-value insect bodies and insect fertilizers, which helps to reduce environmental pollution and realize the recycling of resources; 2. The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria of the present invention can decompose the sparingly soluble phosphates in the soil, improve the effectiveness of soil phosphorus, and promote the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants, which has a positive effect on enhancing the phosphorus supply capacity of the black soldier fly fertilizer; the potassium-solubilizing bacteria can decompose the silicate minerals in the soil, and release potassium for plant absorption. Potassium is one of the essential elements for plant growth, and plays an important role in improving the potassium supply capacity of the black soldier fly fertilizer; the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert nitrogen in the air into ammoniacal nitrogen that can be used by plants, which is of great significance for improving the nitrogen supply capacity of the black soldier fly fertilizer; in summary, the various elements are matched with each other, and further fertilizer efficiency enhancement can be formed that is obvious to the black soldier fly fertilizer.

[0013] 3. The collaborative soil beneficial bacteria awakening method proposed in the present invention guides the use of microbial fertilizer agents according to the needs of soil and crops. The method is scientific, effective and adapted to local conditions, and can avoid problems of excessive use and negative environmental impact.

[0014] 4. Compared with the production and use of traditional fertilizers, the black soldier flies required by the present invention will not produce harmful chemicals and greenhouse gas emissions during the breeding and application process, and are environmentally friendly. In addition, the breeding of black soldier flies can also promote the resource utilization of agricultural waste, reduce the use of fertilizers, and reduce the negative impact of agricultural production on the environment.

[0015] 5. The black soldier flies required by the present invention have high incidental value. The larvae and insect feces in the breeding process have high economic value. The larvae can be used as high-protein feed raw materials to replace traditional feeds such as fish meal; and the insect feces can be sold as high-quality biological organic fertilizer. Therefore, the breeding and application of black soldier flies can bring significant economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the crop application data of the microbial fertilizer agent in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a crop application data chart of another component of the microbial fertilizer agent in Example 2; Figure 3 This is a crop data chart of Example 3 in which only black soldier fly fertilizer is applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, the microbial fertilizer comprises: 12.5% ​​black soldier fly fertilizer, 7.5% microbial fertilizer agent, and 80% organic fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer agent comprises: 20% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 20% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 20% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 40% other fungal agents; the other fungal agents include (in the proportion of microbial fertilizer agents): 10%~20% organic matter-decomposing bacteria and 5%~15% plant growth-promoting bacteria.

[0018] The phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can decompose insoluble phosphates in the soil, improve the effectiveness of soil phosphorus, and promote the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants, which has a positive effect on enhancing the phosphorus supply capacity of the black soldier fly fertilizer; the potassium-solubilizing bacteria can decompose silicate minerals in the soil and release potassium for plant absorption. Potassium is one of the essential elements for plant growth and plays an important role in improving the potassium supply capacity of the black soldier fly fertilizer; the nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert nitrogen in the air into ammonia nitrogen that can be used by plants, which is of great significance for improving the nitrogen supply capacity of the black soldier fly fertilizer.

[0019] The collaborative soil beneficial bacteria awakening method is used to guide its use: the basic conditions of soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient status and microbial community structure are detected in advance, and the soil is pre-treated by tillage or rotary tillage to make the soil meet conditions that are conducive to microbial activity and plant root growth, and then an appropriate amount of the microbial fertilizer additive is applied according to crop needs and soil conditions to ensure that the microbial fertilizer additive is in full contact with the soil, and soil irrigation and moisture retention and monitoring and adjustment are maintained to ensure the soil awakening and improvement effect; this method guides the use of the microbial fertilizer additive, which can significantly improve soil fertility, improve soil structure and promote plant growth.

[0020] The effect of application is Figure 1 The crop object is corn. Because the physical and chemical properties of the soil do not change much at the end of the crop period, the two control times are two weeks during the seedling period and two months after the seedling period.

[0021] Specific method of awakening beneficial bacteria in soil: 1. Material preparation (1) Organic fertilizer: Choose fully decomposed livestock and poultry manure or crop straw organic fertilizer to ensure that it is rich in nutrients and free of harmful microorganisms; (2) Microbial agents: Use Bacillus subtilis agents to ensure a high content of live bacteria and effectively promote soil microbial activity; (3) Black soldier fly fertilizer: Add black soldier fly fertilizer to provide additional nutrients and microbial diversity.

[0022] 2. Preparation before application (1) Soil testing: Conduct soil testing before application to understand basic information such as soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient status, and microbial community structure, so as to adjust the fertilization plan more accurately; (2) Tillage and land preparation: Pre-treat the soil by tilling or rotary tillage to break up soil compaction, improve soil aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity, make the soil bulk density between 1.0 and 1.5 g / cm³, and the total porosity greater than 50%; then make the soil meet conditions that are conducive to microbial activity and plant root growth.

[0023] 3. Application Method (1) Application of base fertilizer: Mix organic fertilizer and microbial agent in a uniform ratio (80% organic fertilizer, 5% microbial agent, 10% black soldier fly fertilizer, and the rest other additives); before planting crops, spread the mixed fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, and then plow it into the soil to a depth of about 20-30 cm; ensure that the soil moisture is moderate so that the microbial fertilizer is fully in contact with the soil and is conducive to the reproduction and activity of microorganisms; (2) Topdressing (depending on the growth of crops): During the growth period of crops, topdressing can be applied according to the needs of crops and soil conditions. When applying topdressing, the microbial agent can be mixed with an appropriate amount of water and then applied to the roots or leaves to promote the development of the crop root system and nutrient absorption.

[0024] 4. Post-management (1) Moisture: Ensure that the soil moisture is moderate, avoiding excessive dryness or wetness, to maintain the activity of microorganisms. Specifically, use a soil moisture meter to measure the soil moisture content and ensure that the soil is at 60% to 80% of the field water holding capacity; and there is no water accumulation around the roots of crops in the soil; (2) Observe the growth of crops: Observe the growth of crops regularly and take timely measures to deal with any pests or diseases or other growth problems found; (3) Reasonable crop rotation: Through reasonable crop rotation, we can avoid continuous cropping problems and maintain soil fertility and microbial diversity.

[0025] 5. Notes (1) During the application process, ensure that the fertilizer is fully decomposed to avoid root burn or the introduction of harmful microorganisms.

[0026] The application effect of microbial agents is affected by many factors such as soil environment and climatic conditions. Therefore, the fertilization plan should be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions during use.

[0027] (3) The soil beneficial bacteria awakening method is used 2-3 times a year, including 3.1 Application of basal fertilizer: It is applied once into the soil as basal fertilizer before crop planting or at sowing time. This application is intended to provide continuous nutrient supply and soil improvement effect for the crop throughout the growing season.

[0028] 3.2 Topdressing: During the growth of crops, topdressing is carried out 1-2 times according to the growth requirements of crops and the nutrient status of soil; the topdressing is carried out during the vegetative growth period and / or reproductive growth period of crops to supplement the nutrients required for rapid growth of crops.

[0029] Organic fertilizers suitable for this embodiment include but are not limited to: ①Organic fertilizers from livestock and poultry manure: Such as chicken manure, cow manure, etc. This type of organic fertilizer is rich in nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macroelements, and also contains a variety of trace elements, which helps to improve soil fertility. When using, make sure it is fully decomposed to avoid burning the roots or introducing harmful microorganisms.

[0030] ② Crop straw organic fertilizer: such as corn straw, wheat straw, etc. This type of organic fertilizer is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, which helps to improve soil structure and increase soil organic matter content. When used, it can be fermented with microbial agents to increase the decomposition speed and nutrient release efficiency.

[0031] ③ Green manure organic fertilizer: such as astragalus, alfalfa, etc. This type of organic fertilizer can fix nitrogen in the air during its growth process. After being pressed into the soil, it can quickly increase the nitrogen content of the soil and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. When using it, you can choose to press it directly into the soil before harvesting the crops, or apply it after composting and fermentation after harvesting.

[0032] ④ Cake-based organic fertilizers: such as bean cakes, rapeseed cakes, etc. This type of organic fertilizer has high nutrient content, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. It also contains a variety of amino acids and sugars, which promote soil microbial activity. When using it, you need to pay attention to controlling the amount to avoid excessive use, which may cause soil nutrient imbalance.

[0033] The fungi applicable to this embodiment include but are not limited to: ① Phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria Functional characteristics: Phosphorus and potassium dissolving bacteria can decompose the insoluble phosphorus and potassium minerals in the soil and convert them into forms that can be absorbed and utilized by crops, thereby improving the effectiveness of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil. This is of great significance for improving crop yield and quality.

[0034] Note: When soil phosphorus and potassium are deficient or ineffective, the use of phosphorus and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can significantly improve soil fertility and promote crop growth.

[0035] ② Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Functional characteristics: The microorganisms in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent can utilize nitrogen (N2) in the air and convert it into ammonia nitrogen (NH3) that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants through their unique nitrogenase system, thereby increasing the nitrogen content in the soil.

[0036] Description: This inoculant can significantly improve soil fertility by increasing the nitrogen content in the soil, providing sufficient nitrogen sources for crop growth; it will secrete some active substances that promote plant growth, such as auxin, cytokinin, etc.; it can inhibit pathogens in the soil through competition, antagonism and other mechanisms; it can promote the diversity of soil microbial communities, improve soil structure and aeration, and increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer; the microorganisms in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria agent have strong adaptability and can survive and reproduce in different soil environments, including acidic, alkaline, arid, semi-arid and other environments.

[0037] ③ Bacillus subtilis-based agents Functional characteristics: Bacillus subtilis is a beneficial bacterium widely found in the soil, with strong stress resistance and reproduction ability. It can secrete a variety of enzymes, promote the transformation and utilization of insoluble nutrients in the soil, inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and improve the soil microecological environment.

[0038] Description: Bacillus subtilis microbial agents perform well in soil awakening and increasing crop yields, and are one of the most widely used microbial agents on the market.

[0039] ④ Jelly-like Bacillus bacteria agent Functional characteristics: Bacillus jelly is also a highly effective beneficial bacterium that can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients, and promote crop growth. In addition, it can also improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and help improve soil structure.

[0040] Description: This microbial agent is effective in improving soil fertility and crop resistance, and is an ideal choice for soil awakening.

[0041] ⑤Compound microbial agent Functional characteristics: Compound microbial agents usually contain a variety of beneficial bacteria, which can comprehensively play multiple functions such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution, growth promotion, and disease resistance. The synergistic effect between them can significantly improve soil fertility and crop yields.

[0042] Note: For scenarios that require comprehensive improvement of the soil environment and increase in crop yields, compound microbial agents are a more ideal choice.

[0043] The specific bacterial agents used in this embodiment include: Nanhua Qianmu Agricultural Bacillus subtilis Microbial Agent: With Bacillus subtilis as the main strain, it has strong stress resistance and reproduction ability, can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping in the soil and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. User reviews generally reflect that it has significant effects and the crop growth environment has been significantly improved. Example 2

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, a microbial fertilizer agent and a method for awakening synergistic beneficial soil bacteria as described in Example 1, the microbial fertilizer agent can also be supplemented with organic matter decomposing bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria, the organic matter decomposing bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, yeast, etc., can decompose the organic matter in the black soldier fly fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer; the plant growth promoting bacteria, such as rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, etc., can directly promote plant growth, improve the stress resistance and yield of crops, and these two beneficial microorganisms can be supplemented as appropriate to further enhance the fertilizer effect of the black soldier fly fertilizer.

[0045] The microbial fertilizer includes, by mass percentage: 50% organic fertilizer, 25% microbial fertilizer agent, and 25% black soldier fly fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer agent includes, by mass percentage: 15%~40% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 10%~30% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 20%~30% nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 10%~20% organic matter-decomposing bacteria, and 5%~15% plant growth-promoting bacteria.

[0046] The collaborative soil beneficial bacteria awakening method is used to guide its use: the basic conditions of soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient status and microbial community structure are detected in advance, and the soil is pre-treated by tillage or rotary tillage to make the soil meet conditions that are conducive to microbial activity and plant root growth, and then an appropriate amount of the microbial fertilizer additive is applied according to crop needs and soil conditions to ensure that the microbial fertilizer additive is in full contact with the soil, and soil irrigation and moisture retention and monitoring and adjustment are maintained to ensure the soil awakening and improvement effect; this method guides the use of the microbial fertilizer additive, which can significantly improve soil fertility, improve soil structure and promote plant growth.

[0047] The effect of application is Figure 2 The crop object is corn. Because the physical and chemical properties of the soil do not change much at the end of the crop period, the two control times are two weeks during the seedling period and two months after the seedling period.

[0048] The specific microbial agents used in this embodiment include: Stanley soil activator Baokuangyuan potassium humate microbial agent: This product is not only rich in potassium humate, a natural organic substance, but also integrates efficient microbial flora, which can significantly improve soil structure, promote crop root development, and improve nutrient absorption efficiency. User feedback shows that its effect is stable and reliable, and it is a trustworthy soil awakening product. Example 3

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, a microbial fertilizer agent and a method for awakening synergistic beneficial soil bacteria as described in Example 1, the microbial fertilizer agent can be composed only of organic fertilizer and black soldier fly fertilizer.

[0050] After testing the soil pH value, organic matter content, nutrient status and microbial community structure in advance, apply the black soldier fly fertilizer in appropriate amounts. The application effect is as follows: Figure 3 The crop object is corn. Because the physical and chemical properties of the soil do not change much at the end of the crop period, the two control times are two weeks during the seedling period and two months after the seedling period.

Claims

1. A microbial fertilizer, characterized in that: The microbial fertilizer includes 50%-99.8% organic fertilizer, 0.1%-25% microbial fertilizer agent, and 0.1%-25% black soldier fly fertilizer by mass percentage; the microbial fertilizer agent includes: black soldier fly fertilizer as a basis, supplemented with beneficial microorganisms that can further enhance the fertilizer effect of black soldier fly fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer agent includes: 15%~40% phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 10%~30% potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and 20%~30% nitrogen-fixing bacteria by mass percentage.

2. A microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial fertilizer agent also includes organic matter decomposing bacteria and plant growth promoting bacteria.

3. A microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The proportion of the microbial fertilizer agent is: 15% to 20% of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, 10% to 15% of potassium-solubilizing bacteria, 25% to 30% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 10% to 20% of organic matter-decomposing bacteria, and 5% to 15% of plant growth-promoting bacteria.

4. A method for awakening beneficial bacteria in soil using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the microbial fertilizer agent is applied in a coordinated method for awakening beneficial bacteria in soil, and the method for awakening beneficial bacteria in soil comprises the following steps: 4.1 Preliminary testing to understand the basic conditions of soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient status and microbial community structure; 4.2 Pre-treat the soil by tilling or rotary tillage to make the soil bulk density between 1.0~1.5g / cm³ and the total porosity greater than 50%; then make the soil meet the conditions that are conducive to microbial activity and plant root growth; 4.3 Apply the microbial fertilizer according to crop needs and soil conditions, and allow the microbial fertilizer to fully contact the soil; 4.4 Use a soil moisture meter to measure the soil moisture content and ensure that the soil is at 60%~80% of the field water holding capacity; and there is no water accumulation around the roots of crops in the soil.

5. The method for awakening beneficial soil bacteria as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The soil beneficial bacteria awakening method is used 2-3 times a year, including 5.1 Application of basal fertilizer: It is applied to the soil as basal fertilizer once before planting or sowing crops, aiming to provide continuous nutrient supply and soil improvement effect for the crops throughout the growing season; 5.2 Topdressing: During the growth of crops, topdressing is carried out 1-2 times according to the growth requirements of crops and the nutrient status of soil; the topdressing is carried out during the vegetative growth period and / or reproductive growth period of crops to supplement the nutrients required for rapid growth of crops.

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