Small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion

Abstract

The invention discloses a small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion. The system comprises a reactor pressure vessel, a pressure stabilizer, a steam generator, a main pump, a heat exchanger, a cooling water pump, a cooling water inlet, a cooling water outlet and a thermoelectric conversion device, the reactor pressure vessel, the steam generator, the heat exchanger and the main pump are sequentially connected to form a thermal loop of the system, high-pressure water in the thermal loop absorbs heat released by nuclear fission in the reactor pressure vessel, and the cooling water inlet, the cooling water pump, the heat exchanger and the cooling water outlet are sequentially connected to form a cold loop of the system. High-pressure water in the hot loop heats the hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device, cooling water in the cold loop cools the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device, heat is transmitted to the cold loop from the hot loop through the thermoelectric conversion device under the driving of temperature difference, and part of heat energy is directly converted into electric energy through thermoelectric conversion. And the heat energy of the small nuclear reactor is recycled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor heat energy recovery, and in particular to a small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear power has the advantages of high power density, long endurance, clean and low carbon. Marine nuclear power helps solve the energy supply problem in the process of marine resource development. Its application scenarios include nuclear-powered icebreakers, nuclear-powered merchant ships, deep-sea exploration, etc. Marine nuclear power generally uses small pressurized water reactor technology, using the heat energy released by nuclear fission to generate electricity or power. Nuclear reactors need to frequently change operating conditions during operation to meet related mission requirements. When the nuclear reactor is operating at low power or zero power, the heat generated by the core is difficult to be used and needs to be directly discharged into the seawater through the first and second circuits, resulting in great waste. The operation of the first and second circuits requires additional power supply, which increases the burden of electricity consumption. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion, integrate the thermoelectric conversion equipment into the primary loop of the pressurized water reactor, and convert the heat energy carried by the primary loop coolant into electrical energy through thermoelectric conversion technology, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the heat energy of the pressurized water reactor.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion, the system comprises a small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1, a pressurizer 2, a steam generator 3, a main pump 4, a heat exchanger 5, a cooling water pump 6, a cooling water inlet 7, a cooling water outlet 8, and a thermoelectric conversion device 9; the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1, the steam generator 3, the heat exchanger 5, and the main pump 4 are sequentially connected to form a thermal circuit of the system, the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit absorbs the heat released by the nuclear fission of the small nuclear reactor in the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1, and releases the heat in the heat exchanger 5, and the main pump 4 provides a driving pressure head for the forced circulation of the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit; the pressurizer 2 is connected to the pipeline connecting the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1 and the steam generator 3, and the pressurizer 2 is used to stabilize the pressure of the thermal circuit; the cooling water inlet 7, The cooling water pump 6, the heat exchanger 5, and the cooling water outlet 8 are connected in sequence to form a cold circuit of the system. The cold circuit is an open circuit. Cooling water continuously enters the cold circuit from the cooling water inlet 7, absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 5, and is discharged through the cooling water outlet 8. The cooling water pump 6 provides a driving pressure head for the flow of cooling water in the cold circuit; the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is located inside the heat exchanger 5, the hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is in contact with the high-pressure water in the hot circuit, and the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is in contact with the cooling water in the cold circuit. There is a stable temperature difference on both sides of the thermoelectric conversion device 9. Driven by the temperature difference, the heat of the high-pressure water in the hot circuit is transferred to the cooling water in the cold circuit through the thermoelectric conversion device 9. At the same time, based on the thermoelectric conversion effect, part of the thermal energy is converted into electrical energy, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the thermal energy of the small nuclear reactor.

[0006] In the heat exchanger 5, the high-pressure water in the hot circuit heats the hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 by forced convection heat exchange, and the cooling water in the cold circuit cools the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 by forced convection heat exchange.

[0007] The electric energy required by the main pump 4 and the cooling water pump 6 is provided by the thermoelectric conversion device 9, and the surplus electric energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is used as output electric energy to be supplied to other devices.

[0008] The steam generator 3 only serves as a flow channel of the heat circuit during the heat energy recovery process and does not play a role in energy exchange.

[0009] The cooling water in the cold circuit is seawater.

[0010] The present invention applies thermoelectric conversion technology to small nuclear reactors, using the high-temperature and high-pressure coolant in a circuit as the heat source and seawater as the cold source. The heat energy released by nuclear fission can be converted into electrical energy by thermoelectric conversion, thereby realizing the heat energy recovery and utilization of small nuclear reactors. In addition to supplying the circuit operation, the remaining electrical energy output by thermoelectric conversion can be used by other equipment, which has high economic efficiency. In addition, thermoelectric conversion has the advantages of simple structure, low noise, and long life. It can improve the reliability of systems and equipment, improve the working and living environment of crew members, and is particularly suitable for activities such as deep-sea development. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0011] 1. The system described in the present invention can directly convert the heat energy generated by nuclear fission of a small nuclear reactor into electrical energy based on thermoelectric conversion technology, and can generate electricity under the conditions of low-power or zero-power operation of the small nuclear reactor. The output electrical energy can be supplied to its own circuit operation and other equipment, effectively improving the utilization rate of energy.

[0012] 2. The system described in the present invention adopts thermoelectric conversion technology to generate electricity, which has the advantages of high reliability, long life, low noise, etc. It can reduce the maintenance cost of the system, reduce environmental noise, and help improve the working and living environment of the crew.

[0013] 3. In the system described in the present invention, the thermoelectric conversion device is integrated into the primary loop system of a small nuclear reactor, and while realizing the thermoelectric conversion function, it does not affect the normal operation of the secondary loop power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of heat transfer in the heat exchanger of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0017] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention is a small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion, the system comprises a small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1, a stabilizer 2, a steam generator 3, a main pump 4, a heat exchanger 5, a cooling water pump 6, a cooling water inlet 7, a cooling water outlet 8, and a thermoelectric conversion device 9; the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1, the steam generator 3, the heat exchanger 5, and the main pump 4 are sequentially connected to form a thermal circuit of the system, the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit absorbs the heat released by the nuclear fission of the small nuclear reactor in the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1, and releases the heat in the heat exchanger 5, and the main pump 4 is the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit. The forced circulation in the system provides a driving pressure head; the pressurizer 2 is connected to the pipeline connecting the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel 1 and the steam generator 3, and the pressurizer 2 is used to stabilize the pressure of the hot circuit; the cooling water inlet 7, the cooling water pump 6, the heat exchanger 5, and the cooling water outlet 8 are connected in sequence to form a cold circuit of the system. The cold circuit is an open circuit. The cooling water continuously enters the cold circuit from the cooling water inlet 7, absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 5, and is discharged through the cooling water outlet 8. The cooling water pump 6 provides a driving pressure head for the flow of cooling water in the cold circuit; the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is located inside the heat exchanger 5, such as Figure 2 As shown, the thermoelectric conversion devices 9 are connected in series through wires, the hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is in contact with the high-pressure water in the hot circuit, and the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is in contact with the cooling water in the cold circuit. There is a stable temperature difference on both sides of the thermoelectric conversion device 9. Driven by the temperature difference, the heat carried by the high-pressure water in the hot circuit is transferred to the cooling water in the cold circuit via the thermoelectric conversion device 9. At the same time, a part of the thermal energy is directly converted into electrical energy by thermoelectric conversion in the thermoelectric conversion device 9, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the thermal energy of the small nuclear reactor.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, in the heat exchanger 5, the high-pressure water in the hot circuit heats the hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 by forced convection heat transfer, and the cooling water in the cold circuit cools the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device 9 by forced convection heat transfer, thereby establishing a stable temperature difference on both sides of the thermoelectric conversion device 9. Driven by the temperature difference, the heat carried by the high-pressure water in the hot circuit is transferred to the cooling water in the cold circuit via the thermoelectric conversion device 9.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric energy required by the main pump 4 and the cooling water pump 6 is provided by the thermoelectric conversion device 9, and the surplus electric energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion device 9 is used as output electric energy to supply other equipment, thereby effectively improving the utilization rate of energy.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steam generator 3 only serves as a flow channel of the heat circuit during the heat energy recovery process and does not play a role in energy exchange.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cooling water in the cold circuit is seawater.

[0022] The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with a specific preferred embodiment. It cannot be determined that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to this. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, as long as they are within the essential spirit of the present invention, changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments should be deemed to be within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion, characterized in that: The system comprises a small nuclear reactor pressure vessel (1), a pressurizer (2), a steam generator (3), a main pump (4), a heat exchanger (5), a cooling water pump (6), a cooling water inlet (7), a cooling water outlet (8), and a thermoelectric conversion device (9); the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel (1), the steam generator (3), the heat exchanger (5), and the main pump (4) are sequentially connected to form a thermal circuit of the system; the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit absorbs heat released by nuclear fission of the small nuclear reactor in the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel (1) and releases heat in the heat exchanger (5); the main pump (4) provides a driving pressure head for the forced circulation of the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit; the pressurizer (2) is connected to the pipeline connecting the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel (1) and the steam generator (3); the pressurizer (2) is used to stabilize the pressure of the thermal circuit; the cooling water inlet (7), the cooling water outlet (8) and the thermoelectric conversion device (9) are connected in sequence ...let (7), the cooling water outlet (8) and the thermoelectric conversion device (9) are connected in sequence to form a thermal circuit of the system; the high-pressure water in the thermal circuit absorbs heat released by nuclear fission of the small nuclear reactor in the small nuclear reactor pressure vessel (1) and releases heat in the heat exchanger (5); the main pump (4) The pump (6), the heat exchanger (5), and the cooling water outlet (8) are connected in sequence to form a cold circuit of the system. The cold circuit is an open circuit. Cooling water continuously enters the cold circuit from the cooling water inlet (7), absorbs heat in the heat exchanger (5), and is discharged through the cooling water outlet (8). The cooling water pump (6) provides a driving pressure head for the flow of cooling water in the cold circuit. The thermoelectric conversion device (9) is located inside the heat exchanger (5). The hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device (9) contacts the high-pressure water in the hot circuit, and the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device (9) contacts the cooling water in the cold circuit. There is a stable temperature difference between the two sides of the thermoelectric conversion device (9). Driven by the temperature difference, the heat of the high-pressure water in the hot circuit is transferred to the cooling water in the cold circuit through the thermoelectric conversion device (9). At the same time, based on the thermoelectric conversion effect, a part of the heat energy is converted into electrical energy, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of the heat energy of the small nuclear reactor.

2. A small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the heat exchanger (5), the high-pressure water in the hot circuit heats the hot side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device (9) by forced convection heat transfer, and the cooling water in the cold circuit cools the cold side surface of the thermoelectric conversion device (9) by forced convection heat transfer.

3. The small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric energy required by the main pump (4) and the cooling water pump (6) is provided by the thermoelectric conversion device (9), and the surplus electric energy generated by the thermoelectric conversion device (9) is used as output electric energy and supplied to other equipment for use.

4. The small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steam generator (3) only serves as a flow channel of the heat circuit during the heat energy recovery process and does not play a role in energy exchange.

5. The small nuclear reactor heat energy recovery system based on thermoelectric conversion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cooling water in the cold circuit is seawater.

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