Interflow confluence measuring device and measuring method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an interflow confluence measuring device and a measuring method thereof.The interflow confluence measuring device comprises a flow measuring mechanism, the flow measuring mechanism comprises a bottom closing plate, the bottom closing plate is located at the bottom of measured soil, and the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the top of the bottom closing plate are movably connected with a second side plate, a first side plate and a third side plate respectively; and the second side plate, the first side plate and the third side plate surround the soil at the top of the bottom closing plate. The interflow confluence measuring device has the advantage of efficient measurement, and solves the problems that in the measurement process of an existing interflow confluence measuring device, the separation efficiency of silt and water flowing out of soil is low, evaluation of a worker on the soil erosion degree is affected, and decision making of land management and water and soil conservation measures is affected. The rainfall condition is difficult to simulate efficiently, and the interflow measurement efficiency is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil flow measurement, and in particular to a soil flow convergence measuring device and a measuring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil flow refers to the phenomenon that after precipitation, some water infiltrates into the soil and flows in the soil. This flow may occur at all levels of the soil and is very important for understanding the hydrological cycle, soil erosion, pollutant transport, etc. The soil flow confluence measurement device is a device specially designed to measure the movement of water flow inside the soil. The soil flow confluence measurement device usually includes a series of components that work together to enable researchers to capture and measure key parameters such as the flow rate, flow rate and flow direction of soil flow. For example, the device may have specific collection facilities to collect soil flow at different depths, and the speed of soil flow can be calculated based on the appearance time of tracers in soil flow in each layer. By adding specific tracers to the water source, the movement path of water in the soil can be tracked. When the tracer appears in the soil flow or other groundwater bodies, the direction and speed of the water flow can be determined based on this. The soil flow confluence measurement device is generally installed on the soil profile of the experimental field or natural hillside, especially at the junction of the soil and the bedrock or parent material layer. This is because soil flow mainly flows at the interface between soil layers or between soil and impermeable layers. Furthermore, when the subsoil flow confluence measuring device is used, it is necessary to artificially simulate precipitation so that water can enter the interior of the soil to simulate the subsoil flow.

[0003] The Chinese patent application No. 201711385693.0 discloses a system for measuring runoff, sediment and mid-soil flow and a method for assembling the system, comprising an automatic runoff and sediment measuring device, an automatic mid-soil flow measuring device and a recording device. The automatic runoff and sediment measuring device comprises a building plate and a first measuring component. The building plate is vertically inserted into the ground. The part of the building plate inserted into the ground is an underground plate section, and the part remaining on the ground is an above-ground plate section. The above-ground plate sections are sequentially connected to enclose a runoff area through connecting pieces. The first measuring component comprises a sample outlet, a sediment measuring device and a runoff measuring device which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The building plate is connected to the sample outlet through a sample pipe. A mixed sample of runoff water and sediment in the runoff area enters the sediment measuring device through the sample outlet. The sediment measuring device measures the filtered sediment sample. The runoff measuring device measures the runoff water sample that flows into the runoff measuring device after passing through the sediment measuring device. The recording device records the measurement results of the automatic runoff and sediment measuring device and the automatic mid-soil flow measuring device. The device can separate the water and sediment flowing out of the soil. The separated sediment can be used to measure the degree of soil erosion, which is of great significance for assessing the health of the soil and the impact of land use on the environment. By measuring the amount of sediment, the soil loss rate and the composition of sediments can be understood, and effective soil and water conservation measures can be formulated.

[0004] The existing subsoil flow confluence measuring device has low efficiency in separating the sediment and water flowing out of the soil during the measurement process, which affects the staff's assessment of the degree of soil erosion and the decision-making on land management and soil and water conservation measures. It is also difficult to efficiently simulate precipitation conditions, reducing the measurement efficiency of subsoil flow. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil flow convergence measuring device and a measuring method thereof, which have the advantage of efficient measurement and solve the problem that the existing soil flow convergence measuring device has low efficiency in separating mud and water flowing out of the soil during the measurement process, affecting the staff's assessment of the degree of soil erosion and the decision-making on land management and soil and water conservation measures, and it is difficult to efficiently simulate precipitation conditions, thereby reducing the measurement efficiency of soil flow.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a soil flow confluence measurement device, comprising:

[0007] A flow measuring mechanism, the flow measuring mechanism comprising a bottom closing plate, the bottom closing plate being located at the bottom of the measured soil, the left and right sides and the front and rear sides of the top of the bottom closing plate being movably connected with a second side plate, a first side plate and a third side plate, respectively, the second side plate, the first side plate and the third side plate surrounding the soil on the top of the bottom closing plate;

[0008] A precipitation simulation mechanism, the precipitation simulation mechanism is installed on the top of the flow measuring mechanism, the precipitation simulation mechanism comprises a water tank, a water pump and a frame are fixedly connected to the right side of the water tank, and a mixing cylinder is fixedly connected to the front side of the water tank;

[0009] A collecting mechanism is installed on the front side of the flow measuring mechanism and is connected thereto, the collecting mechanism comprises a water inlet hopper, a stop valve is installed on the front side of the water inlet hopper, a flow meter is installed on the front side of the stop valve, the water outlet end of the flow meter is connected to a second hose, and a closing cover is fixedly installed on the bottom of the second hose.

[0010] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow confluence of the present invention, the top of the bottom closing plate is fixedly connected to a connecting socket, the bottoms of the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate are movably connected to the inner wall of the connecting socket, and a plurality of flow measuring holes are provided on the front of the first side plate.

[0011] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow convergence of the present invention, sealing members are provided at the four corners of the top of the bottom closing plate, an air nozzle connected to the sealing member is installed on the top of the sealing member, a rubber sealing film is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing member, and the rubber sealing film is movably connected to the inner walls of the first side plate, the second side plate and the third side plate to seal the gaps at the connections.

[0012] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow convergence of the present invention, the top of the water tank is connected to a water filling pipe, the water inlet end of the water pump passes through the bottom of the inner cavity of the water tank, the water outlet end of the water pump is connected to the right side of the mixing cylinder, the top of the mixing cylinder is fixedly connected to a tracer box, the bottom of the tracer box is connected to a solenoid valve, and the bottom of the solenoid valve passes through the inner cavity of the mixing cylinder.

[0013] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow confluence of the present invention, a mixing rod is rotatably connected inside the mixing cylinder, and mixing blades are fixedly sleeved on the surface of the mixing rod. The number of the mixing blades is several and evenly distributed in the inner cavity of the mixing cylinder, and a flow regulating valve connected thereto is fixedly installed on the left end of the mixing cylinder, and a water outlet end of the flow regulating valve is connected to a delivery pipe, and a plurality of first hoses are connected to the right side of the delivery pipe, and the right end of the first hose is connected to a water outlet pipe, and mounting seats are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the surface of the water outlet pipe, and the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the second side plate by bolts, and a plurality of nozzles are connected to the bottom of the water outlet pipe, and the nozzles are evenly distributed on the top of the bottom closing plate.

[0014] As a preferred device for measuring mid-stream flow in the soil of the present invention, a cylindrical cam is rotatably connected inside the frame, a first reduction motor is fixedly connected to the rear side of the frame, an output shaft of the first reduction motor is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cylindrical cam, a reciprocating spiral groove is provided on the surface of the cylindrical cam, a sliding member is movably connected inside the reciprocating spiral groove, a rack is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding member, a sliding frame for limiting the position of the rack is slidably connected to the surface of the rack, the rear end of the sliding frame is fixedly connected to the front side of the frame, a plurality of first gears are meshed with the top of the rack, and the plurality of first gears are respectively fixedly connected to the right end of the water outlet pipe and the mixing rod to drive them.

[0015] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow confluence of the present invention, the water inlet hopper is fixedly installed on the front side of the first side plate by bolts, the water inlet hopper is connected to the flow measuring hole, a soil support net is installed inside the water inlet hopper, the soil support net extends to the inner cavity of the flow measuring hole, the bottom of the closing cover is fixedly connected to a sediment separation box by bolts, a filter assembly is installed inside the sediment separation box, and the bottom of the sediment separation box is fixedly connected to a collection box by bolts.

[0016] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow confluence of the present invention, a rotating part is fixedly connected to the front bottom side of the collecting box, a bracket is rotatably connected to the surface of the rotating part, a measuring box is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket, a liquid level sensor is fixedly installed on the top of the measuring box, a rubber flat tube is connected to the rear side of the collecting box, the bottom of the rubber flat tube is fixedly connected to the top of the measuring box and connected to the inner cavity thereof, a drain pipe is connected to the front side of the measuring box, a controller is fixedly installed on the right side of the measuring box, support springs are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the top of the measuring box, and the top of the support spring is rotatably connected to the bottom of the collecting box.

[0017] As a preferred device for measuring soil flow confluence of the present invention, the right end of the rotating member passes through the bracket and is fixedly connected to the second gear, a fan-shaped tooth plate is meshed at the bottom of the second gear, the fan-shaped tooth plate is rotatably connected to the right side of the bracket, a slide groove begins on the fan-shaped tooth plate, a connecting rod is movably connected inside the slide groove, the rear side of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to an eccentric member, the rear side of the bracket is fixedly connected to a second reduction motor, and the output shaft of the second reduction motor is fixedly connected to the eccentric member.

[0018] A method for measuring soil flow confluence using a device for measuring soil flow confluence, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Dig a section at the front side of the soil area, then dig a groove in the soil area where the mid-soil flow experiment is required, dig grooves at the bottom, left and right sides, and front and back sides of the soil area respectively, then install the bottom closing plate in the bottom groove, install the first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate in the grooves on the left and right sides and front and back sides, and insert the first side plate, the third side plate, and the second side plate into the connecting card seat, seal the connection between the bottom closing plate and the first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate, install the sealing member at the corner between the first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate, inject air into the sealing member through the air nozzle to expand the rubber sealing film, and seal the connection between the first side plate, the second side plate, and the third side plate to prevent water from flowing out;

[0020] S2. The water inlet hopper is installed on the first side plate by means of bolts, and the soil support net enters into the flow measuring hole to prevent the soil profile from collapsing and allow water to pass through the soil support net and enter into the water inlet hopper;

[0021] S3, filling water into the water tank through the water filling pipe, adding tracer into the water tank through the water filling port on the top of the tracer box, setting the precipitation in advance, the water pump draws water from the water tank and delivers it to the mixing cylinder, the tracer in the tracer box enters the mixing cylinder through the electromagnetic valve, the adding speed of the tracer is controlled by the electromagnetic valve, the water and tracer are mixed in the mixing cylinder, the mixed water enters the delivery pipe through the flow regulating valve, the flow regulating valve controls the water output, the water in the delivery pipe enters the water outlet pipe through the first hose, and is sprayed out through the nozzle, the water sprayed by the nozzle falls in the soil area, and the simulation of soil flow is realized;

[0022] S4. During the water spraying process, the output shaft of the first reduction motor drives the cylindrical cam to rotate inside the frame, and the cylindrical cam drives the sliding member to reciprocate back and forth through the reciprocating spiral groove, and the sliding member drives the rack to slide inside the sliding frame, and the sliding frame limits the rack. During the movement of the rack, the first gear is driven to reciprocate, and the first gear drives the water outlet pipe and the mixing rod to rotate respectively, and the mixing rod drives the mixing blades to rotate inside the mixing barrel, thereby increasing the mixing efficiency of water and tracer and making them mixed evenly, and the water outlet pipe rotates inside the mounting seat and drives the sprinkler head to swing back and forth, thereby increasing the uniformity of precipitation;

[0023] S5. The water inside the soil area passes through the soil support net and enters the water inlet bucket, and enters the flow meter through the stop valve. The flow meter detects the flow of the soil flow. There are several stop valves, and the distribution heights are different. The user can open the stop valves at different positions according to the measurement requirements to realize the soil flow detection in different areas.

[0024] S6. The water flowing through the flow meter enters the sediment separation box through the second hose. The filter assembly inside the sediment separation box separates the sediment in the water. The separated water enters the measuring box through the collecting box and the rubber flat tube. The liquid level sensor detects the liquid level height inside the measuring box and transmits the detection signal to the controller. The controller calculates the volume of the outflowing water according to the liquid level height and the internal volume of the measuring box. When the measurement is completed, the accumulated water inside the measuring box can be poured out through the drain pipe for subsequent measurement.

[0025] S7. During the process of separating sediment from the filter assembly, the output shaft of the measuring box drives the eccentric piece to rotate, and the eccentric piece drives the connecting rod to swing. The left end of the connecting rod slides inside the slide slot and drives the fan-shaped toothed plate to rotate back and forth. During the rotation of the right side of the bracket, the fan-shaped toothed plate synchronously drives the second gear to rotate back and forth. The second gear drives the rotating member and the collection box to rotate, so that the sediment separation box and the filter assembly synchronously swing back and forth, so that the sediment on the top of the filter assembly is evenly covered, thereby increasing the separation efficiency of sediment and water. During the swinging of the collection box, the support spring is compressed, and the support spring supports the rear side of the bottom of the collection box.

[0026] S8. When it is necessary to test the sediment content, remove the filter assembly from the top of the sediment separation box, and then remove the sediment separation box from the top of the collection box so that the filter assembly can be taken out. Then the experimenter takes out the sediment filtered from the top of the filter assembly and measures the degree of water and soil erosion based on the sediment content flowing out.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The flow measuring mechanism of the present invention is composed of a bottom closing plate, a first side plate, a second side plate and a third side plate. These components can be flexibly combined to adapt to soil profiles of different sizes and shapes. This modular design allows the device to be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the experimental site, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of the experiment. The four corners of the top of the bottom closing plate are provided with sealing members, which contain a rubber sealing film. The sealing member is inflated through an air nozzle to expand the rubber sealing film, thereby sealing the connection between the multiple side plates and the bottom closing plate, effectively preventing water leakage, and ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data and the cleanliness of the experimental environment.

[0029] 2. The present invention can accurately control the water output through the flow regulating valve, thereby simulating precipitation of different intensities, which is very helpful for studying the changes in soil flow under different precipitation conditions. The mixing rod and mixing blades inside the mixing cylinder can ensure that the water and tracer are mixed evenly, so that the simulated precipitation composition is consistent, and the reliability of the experimental data is enhanced. The water pump automatically draws water from the water tank and transports it to the nozzle through the pipeline system, realizing an automated water supply process. The solenoid valve controls the adding speed of the tracer, so that the adding process of the tracer can be carried out on demand, which is convenient for adjusting the concentration of the tracer. Through the design of the nozzle, especially the rotation of the water outlet pipe inside the mounting seat, the nozzle can be swung back and forth, which increases the uniformity of precipitation and makes the simulated precipitation closer to the distribution characteristics of natural precipitation. By adjusting the swing amplitude and frequency of the nozzle, different types of precipitation patterns, such as showers and continuous rain, can be simulated. The design of multiple nozzles can cover a larger experimental area, so that the simulated precipitation can be suitable for soil areas of different sizes.

[0030] 3. The present invention uses a rotating part and a supporting spring to allow the collection box to swing back and forth, which helps to evenly cover the sediment on the top of the filter assembly and improve the separation efficiency of sediment and water. A plurality of stop valves are provided on the water inlet bucket, and the stop valves at different positions can be opened to realize soil flow detection in different areas, thereby improving the flexibility of the experiment. Through a standardized collection device, the collection conditions of each experiment can be ensured to be consistent, which is convenient for data aggregation and analysis and improves the comparability of experimental results.

[0031] 4. A soil support net is installed inside the water inlet bucket of the present invention to prevent the soil profile from collapsing due to the impact of water flow during the experiment, while ensuring that the water flow can pass smoothly without affecting the measurement results. The water inlet bucket is connected to the soil area through a flow measuring hole. The water flows into the flow meter after passing through the water inlet bucket. The flow meter can monitor the flow rate of the soil flow in real time, making data collection more convenient and accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is the main axonometric view of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil flow measurement state of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a front exploded view of the flow measuring mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the sealing member of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a main axonometric view of the precipitation simulation mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a front exploded view of the precipitation simulation mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified view of middle;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a main axonometric view of the collection mechanism of the present invention;

[0040] Fig. 9 It is a front view and a sectional isometric view of the collecting mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Fig.10 For the present invention Fig. 9 Enlarged view of middle B;

[0042] Fig.11 It is a rear axonometric view of the collecting mechanism of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1. flow measuring mechanism; 101. bottom closing plate; 102. connecting card seat; 103. flow measuring hole; 104. first side plate; 105. sealing element; 106. second side plate; 107. third side plate; 108. air nozzle; 109. rubber sealing membrane; 2. precipitation simulation mechanism; 201. water tank; 202. solenoid valve; 203. tracer tank; 204. mixing cylinder; 205. flow regulating valve; 206. delivery pipe; 207. first hose; 208. mounting seat; 209. nozzle; 210. water outlet pipe; 211. first gear; 212. rack; 213. sliding frame; 214. mixing rod; 215. frame; 216. first reduction motor; 217. water pump; 218. water pipe; 219, mixing blade; 220, cylindrical cam; 221, reciprocating spiral groove; 222, sliding part; 3, collecting mechanism; 301, water inlet bucket; 302, stop valve; 303, flow meter; 304, second hose; 305, closing cover; 306, sediment separation box; 307, collecting box; 308, bracket; 309, drain pipe; 310, rotating part; 311, controller; 312, measuring box; 313, support spring; 314, rubber flat tube; 315, filter assembly; 316, second gear; 317, fan-shaped tooth plate; 318, slide; 319, connecting rod; 320, eccentric piece; 321, second reduction motor; 322, soil support net; 323, liquid level sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1-Figure 11 A device for measuring flow confluence in soil includes a flow measuring mechanism 1, which includes a bottom closing plate 101. The bottom closing plate 101 is located at the bottom of the measured soil. The left and right sides and the front and back sides of the top of the bottom closing plate 101 are movably connected with a second side plate 106, a first side plate 104 and a third side plate 107 respectively. The second side plate 106, the first side plate 104 and the third side plate 107 surround the soil on the top of the bottom closing plate 101.

[0046] Furthermore, a connecting base 102 is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom closing plate 101 , the bottoms of the first side plate 104 , the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107 are movably connected to the inner wall of the connecting base 102 , and a plurality of flow measuring holes 103 are provided on the front of the first side plate 104 .

[0047] Furthermore, sealing members 105 are provided at the four corners of the top of the bottom closing plate 101, and an air nozzle 108 connected to the sealing member 105 is installed on the top of the sealing member 105. A rubber sealing film 109 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing member 105, and the rubber sealing film 109 is movably connected to the inner walls of the first side plate 104, the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107 to seal the gaps at the connections.

[0048] The flow measuring mechanism 1 is composed of a bottom closing plate 101, a first side plate 104, a second side plate 106 and a third side plate 107. These components can be flexibly combined to adapt to soil profiles of different sizes and shapes. This modular design allows the device to be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the experimental site, thereby improving the adaptability and flexibility of the experiment. The four corners of the top of the bottom closing plate 101 are provided with sealing members 105, which contain a rubber sealing film 109. The sealing member 105 is inflated through an air nozzle 108 to expand the rubber sealing film 109, thereby sealing the connection between the multiple side plates and the bottom closing plate 101, effectively preventing water leakage and ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data and the cleanliness of the experimental environment.

[0049] The first side plate 104, the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107 are connected to the bottom closing plate 101 through the connecting base 102, so that installation and disassembly are very convenient and quick, which is conducive to the rapid deployment and recovery of the experimental device. A plurality of flow measuring holes 103 are opened on the front of the first side plate 104. These holes can be used to measure the soil flow rate at different depths. By setting the flow measuring holes 103 at different heights, researchers can obtain flow information at different levels of the soil profile.

[0050] Furthermore, it also includes a precipitation simulation mechanism 2, which is installed on the top of the flow measuring mechanism 1. The precipitation simulation mechanism 2 includes a water tank 201, and the right side of the water tank 201 is fixedly connected to a water pump 217 and a frame 215, and the front side of the water tank 201 is fixedly connected to a mixing cylinder 204.

[0051] Furthermore, a water supply pipe 218 is connected to the top of the water tank 201, a water inlet end of the water pump 217 passes through the bottom of the inner cavity of the water tank 201, a water outlet end of the water pump 217 is connected to the right side of the mixing cylinder 204, a tracer box 203 is fixedly connected to the top of the mixing cylinder 204, a solenoid valve 202 is connected to the bottom of the tracer box 203, and the bottom of the solenoid valve 202 passes through the inner cavity of the mixing cylinder 204.

[0052] Furthermore, a mixing rod 214 is rotatably connected inside the mixing barrel 204, and a mixing blade 219 is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the mixing rod 214. The number of the mixing blades 219 is several and evenly distributed in the inner cavity of the mixing barrel 204. A flow regulating valve 205 connected thereto is fixedly installed at the left end of the mixing barrel 204, and the water outlet end of the flow regulating valve 205 is connected to a delivery pipe 206, and the right side of the delivery pipe 206 is connected to several first hoses 207, and the right end of the first hose 207 is connected to a water outlet pipe 210. The left and right sides of the surface of the water outlet pipe 210 are rotatably connected to mounting seats 208, and the mounting seats 208 are fixedly connected to the second side plate 106 by bolts. The bottom of the water outlet pipe 210 is connected to several nozzles 209, and the nozzles 209 are evenly distributed on the top of the bottom closing plate 101.

[0053] Furthermore, a cylindrical cam 220 is rotatably connected inside the frame 215, and a first reduction motor 216 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the frame 215. The output shaft of the first reduction motor 216 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cylindrical cam 220. A reciprocating spiral groove 221 is provided on the surface of the cylindrical cam 220. A sliding member 222 is movably connected inside the reciprocating spiral groove 221. A rack 212 is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding member 222. A sliding frame 213 for limiting the rack 212 is slidably connected to the surface of the rack 212. The rear end of the sliding frame 213 is fixedly connected to the front side of the frame 215. A plurality of first gears 211 are meshed with the top of the rack 212. The plurality of first gears 211 are respectively fixedly connected to the right end of the water outlet pipe 210 and the mixing rod 214 to drive them.

[0054] The water output can be precisely controlled by the flow regulating valve 205 to simulate precipitation of different intensities, which is very helpful for studying the changes in soil flow under different precipitation conditions. The mixing rod 214 and the mixing blade 219 inside the mixing cylinder 204 can ensure that the water and the tracer are mixed evenly, so that the simulated precipitation composition is consistent, which enhances the reliability of the experimental data. The water pump 217 automatically draws water from the water tank 201 and delivers it to the nozzle 209 through the pipeline system, realizing an automated water supply process. The solenoid valve 202 controls the speed of adding the tracer, so that the tracer The adding process of the agent can be carried out on demand, which is convenient for adjusting the concentration of the tracer. Through the design of the nozzle 209, especially the rotation of the water outlet pipe 210 inside the mounting base 208, the nozzle 209 can be swung back and forth, which increases the uniformity of precipitation and makes the simulated precipitation closer to the distribution characteristics of natural precipitation. By adjusting the swing amplitude and frequency of the nozzle 209, different types of precipitation patterns can be simulated, such as showers and continuous rain. The design of multiple nozzles 209 can cover a larger experimental area, so that the simulated precipitation can be suitable for soil areas of different sizes.

[0055] The water tank 201, the water pump 217 and the conveying system constitute a stable water supply system, ensuring the continuity and stability of the simulated precipitation. The coordinated use of the cylindrical cam 220 and the first reduction motor 216 ensures the stable operation of the mixing rod 214 and the nozzle 209, improving the reliability and durability of the entire device. By setting the precipitation amount in advance, the conditions of each experiment are the same, which improves the repeatability of the experiment. Through automatic control, the specific parameters of each simulated precipitation can be recorded, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis and verification of experimental results.

[0056] Furthermore, it also includes a collecting mechanism 3, which is installed on the front side of the flow measuring mechanism 1 and is connected thereto, and the collecting mechanism 3 includes a water inlet bucket 301, a stop valve 302 is installed on the front side of the water inlet bucket 301, a flow meter 303 is installed on the front side of the stop valve 302, and a water outlet of the flow meter 303 is connected to a second hose 304, and a sealing cover 305 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the second hose 304.

[0057] Furthermore, the filter assembly 315 includes a filter screen and a non-woven filter material. The filter screen is mounted on the inner wall of the sediment separation box 306 by bolts, and the non-woven filter material is laid on the top of the filter screen.

[0058] Furthermore, the water inlet bucket 301 is fixedly installed on the front side of the first side plate 104 by bolts, the water inlet bucket 301 is connected to the flow measuring hole 103, a soil support net 322 is installed inside the water inlet bucket 301, the soil support net 322 extends to the inner cavity of the flow measuring hole 103, the bottom of the closing cover 305 is fixedly connected to the sediment separation box 306 by bolts, a filter assembly 315 is installed inside the sediment separation box 306, and the bottom of the sediment separation box 306 is fixedly connected to the collection box 307 by bolts.

[0059] Furthermore, a rotating member 310 is fixedly connected to the front bottom side of the collecting box 307, a bracket 308 is rotatably connected to the surface of the rotating member 310, a measuring box 312 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket 308, a liquid level sensor 323 is fixedly installed on the top of the measuring box 312, a rubber flat tube 314 is connected to the rear side of the collecting box 307, the bottom of the rubber flat tube 314 is fixedly connected to the top of the measuring box 312 and is connected to its inner cavity, a drain pipe 309 is connected to the front side of the measuring box 312, a controller 311 is fixedly installed on the right side of the measuring box 312, support springs 313 are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the top of the measuring box 312, and the top of the support spring 313 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the collecting box 307.

[0060] Furthermore, the right end of the rotating member 310 passes through the bracket 308 and is fixedly connected to the second gear 316. A fan-shaped tooth plate 317 is meshed at the bottom of the second gear 316. The fan-shaped tooth plate 317 is rotatably connected to the right side of the bracket 308. A slide groove 318 begins to be provided on the fan-shaped tooth plate 317. A connecting rod 319 is movably connected inside the slide groove 318. The rear side of the connecting rod 319 is rotatably connected to the eccentric member 320. The rear side of the bracket 308 is fixedly connected to the second reduction motor 321, and the output shaft of the second reduction motor 321 is fixedly connected to the eccentric member 320.

[0061] A soil support net 322 is installed inside the water inlet bucket 301 to prevent the soil profile from collapsing due to the impact of water flow during the experiment, while ensuring that the water flow can pass smoothly without affecting the measurement results. The water inlet bucket 301 is connected to the soil area through the flow measuring hole 103. After passing through the water inlet bucket 301, the water flows into the flow meter 303. The flow meter 303 can monitor the flow rate of the soil flow in real time, making data collection more convenient and accurate.

[0062] The filter assembly 315 includes a filter screen and a non-woven filter material, which can effectively separate the sediment in the soil flow, so that water and sediment can be collected separately, which is of great significance for analyzing the degree of soil erosion, the amount of sediment deposition and the migration of pollutants. The sediment separation box 306 allows the separated sediment to be collected in a centralized manner, which is convenient for subsequent analysis and processing. The liquid level height in the measuring box 312 can be automatically detected by the liquid level sensor 323, so as to automatically calculate the amount of water flowing into the measuring box 312. This automated detection method improves the efficiency and accuracy of data collection. The controller 311 can receive data from the liquid level sensor 323 and calculate the volume of the outflowing water according to the internal volume of the measuring box 312, realizing the automated processing of data. The filter assembly 315 and the sediment separation box 306 can be disassembled, which is convenient for the experimenter to clean and replace, and also convenient for regular maintenance and inspection of the filter assembly 315.

[0063] By using the rotating member 310 and the supporting spring 313 in coordination, the collecting box 307 can swing back and forth, which helps to evenly cover the sediment on the top of the filter assembly 315 and improve the separation efficiency of sediment and water. A plurality of stop valves 302 are provided on the water inlet bucket 301, and the stop valves 302 at different positions can be opened to realize soil flow detection in different areas, thereby improving the flexibility of the experiment. Through the standardized collection device, the collection conditions of each experiment can be ensured to be consistent, which is convenient for data aggregation and analysis and improves the comparability of experimental results.

[0064] Furthermore, the precipitation simulation mechanism 2 and the collection mechanism 3 are connected to a mobile power source or mains electricity for power supply.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] See also Figure 1-Figure 11 , a method for measuring soil flow confluence measuring device, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1. Dig a section at the front side of the soil area, and then dig a groove in the soil area where the soil flow experiment is required, dig grooves at the bottom, left and right sides, and front and back sides of the soil area respectively, and then install the bottom closing plate 101 in the bottom groove, install the first side plate 104, the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107 in the grooves on the left and right sides and front and back sides, and insert the first side plate 104, the third side plate 107, and the second side plate 106 into the connecting seat 102, seal the connection between the bottom closing plate 101 and the first side plate 104, the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107, install the sealing member 105 at the corner between the first side plate 104, the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107, inject air into the sealing member 105 through the air nozzle 108, so that the rubber sealing film 109 expands, and the connection between the first side plate 104, the second side plate 106 and the third side plate 107 is sealed to prevent water from flowing out.

[0068] S2. The water inlet bucket 301 is installed on the first side plate 104 by means of bolts, and the soil support net 322 enters into the flow measuring hole 103 to prevent the soil profile from collapsing and allow water to pass through the soil support net 322 and enter into the water inlet bucket 301.

[0069] S3. Water is injected into the water tank 201 through the water filling pipe 218, and tracers are added into the tracer box 203 through the water filling port on the top thereof. The precipitation amount is set in advance, and the water pump 217 extracts the water inside the water tank 201 and delivers it to the mixing barrel 204. The tracer inside the tracer box 203 enters the mixing barrel 204 through the electromagnetic valve 202. The adding speed of the tracer is controlled by the electromagnetic valve 202. The water and the tracer are mixed inside the mixing barrel 204. The mixed water enters the delivery pipe 206 through the flow regulating valve 205. The flow regulating valve 205 controls the water output. The water inside the delivery pipe 206 enters the water outlet pipe 210 through the first hose 207 and is sprayed out through the nozzle 209. The water sprayed by the nozzle 209 falls in the soil area, realizing the simulation of soil flow.

[0070] S4. During the water spraying process, the output shaft of the first reduction motor 216 drives the cylindrical cam 220 to rotate inside the frame 215. The cylindrical cam 220 drives the sliding member 222 to reciprocate back and forth through the reciprocating spiral groove 221. The sliding member 222 drives the rack 212 to slide inside the sliding frame 213. The sliding frame 213 limits the rack 212. During the movement of the rack 212, the first gear 211 is driven to reciprocate. The first gear 211 drives the water outlet pipe 210 and the mixing rod 214 to rotate respectively. The mixing rod 214 drives the mixing blades 219 to rotate inside the mixing barrel 204, thereby increasing the mixing efficiency of water and tracer and making them mixed evenly. The water outlet pipe 210 rotates inside the mounting seat 208 and drives the sprinkler 209 to swing back and forth, thereby increasing the uniformity of precipitation.

[0071] S5. The water inside the soil area passes through the soil support net 322 and enters the water inlet hopper 301, and enters the flow meter 303 through the stop valve 302. The flow meter 303 detects the flow rate of the soil flow. There are several stop valves 302, and the distribution heights are different. The user can open the stop valves 302 at different positions according to the measurement requirements to realize the soil flow detection in different areas.

[0072] S6. The water flowing through the flow meter 303 enters the sediment separation box 306 through the second hose 304. The filter component 315 inside the sediment separation box 306 separates the sediment in the water. The separated water enters the measuring box 312 through the collecting box 307 and the rubber flat tube 314. The liquid level sensor 323 detects the liquid level height inside the measuring box 312 and transmits the detection signal to the controller 311. The controller 311 calculates the volume of the outflowing water according to the liquid level height and the internal volume of the measuring box 312. When the measurement is completed, the accumulated water inside the measuring box 312 can be poured out through the drain pipe 309 for subsequent measurement.

[0073] S7. During the process of separating sediment from the filter assembly 315, the output shaft of the measuring box 312 drives the eccentric piece 320 to rotate, and the eccentric piece 320 drives the connecting rod 319 to swing. The left end of the connecting rod 319 slides inside the slide slot 318 and drives the fan-shaped tooth plate 317 to rotate back and forth. During the rotation of the right side of the bracket 308, the fan-shaped tooth plate 317 synchronously drives the second gear 316 to rotate back and forth. The second gear 316 drives the rotating member 310 and the collecting box 307 to rotate, so that the sediment separation box 306 and the filter assembly 315 swing back and forth synchronously, so that the sediment on the top of the filter assembly 315 is evenly covered, thereby increasing the separation efficiency of sediment and water. During the swinging of the collecting box 307, the support spring 313 is compressed, and the support spring 313 supports the rear side of the bottom of the collecting box 307.

[0074] S8. When it is necessary to test the sediment content, the filter assembly 315 is removed from the top of the sediment separation box 306, and then the sediment separation box 306 is removed from the top of the collection box 307, so that the filter assembly 315 can be taken out. Then the experimenter takes out the sediment filtered on the top of the filter assembly 315, and measures the degree of water and soil erosion based on the sediment content flowing out.

[0075] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring soil flow confluence, characterized in that: include: A flow measuring mechanism (1), the flow measuring mechanism (1) comprising a bottom closing plate (101), the bottom closing plate (101) being located at the bottom of the soil to be measured, the left and right sides and the front and rear sides of the top of the bottom closing plate (101) being movably connected to a second side plate (106), a first side plate (104) and a third side plate (107), respectively, the second side plate (106), the first side plate (104) and the third side plate (107) surrounding the soil on the top of the bottom closing plate (101); A precipitation simulation mechanism (2), the precipitation simulation mechanism (2) being installed on the top of the flow measuring mechanism (1), the precipitation simulation mechanism (2) comprising a water tank (201), a water pump (217) and a frame (215) being fixedly connected to the right side of the water tank (201), and a mixing cylinder (204) being fixedly connected to the front side of the water tank (201); A collecting mechanism (3), the collecting mechanism (3) being installed on the front side of the flow measuring mechanism (1) and being connected thereto, the collecting mechanism (3) comprising a water inlet hopper (301), a stop valve (302) being installed on the front side of the water inlet hopper (301), a flow meter (303) being installed on the front side of the stop valve (302), a water outlet end of the flow meter (303) being connected to a second hose (304), and a closing cover (305) being fixedly installed on the bottom of the second hose (304).

2. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the bottom closing plate (101) is fixedly connected to a connecting base (102); the bottoms of the first side plate (104), the second side plate (106) and the third side plate (107) are movably connected to the inner wall of the connecting base (102); and a plurality of flow measuring holes (103) are provided on the front of the first side plate (104).

3. A soil flow confluence measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The four corners of the top of the bottom closing plate (101) are each provided with a sealing member (105), the top of the sealing member (105) is provided with an air nozzle (108) connected thereto, the inner wall of the sealing member (105) is fixedly connected with a rubber sealing film (109), and the rubber sealing film (109) is movably connected with the inner walls of the first side plate (104), the second side plate (106) and the third side plate (107) to seal the gaps at the connection points.

4. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the water tank (201) is connected to a water supply pipe (218); the water inlet end of the water pump (217) penetrates to the bottom of the inner cavity of the water tank (201); the water outlet end of the water pump (217) is connected to the right side of the mixing cylinder (204); the top of the mixing cylinder (204) is fixedly connected to a tracer box (203); the bottom of the tracer box (203) is connected to a solenoid valve (202); the bottom of the solenoid valve (202) penetrates to the inner cavity of the mixing cylinder (204).

5. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mixing cylinder (204) is rotatably connected to a mixing rod (214) inside, and a mixing blade (219) is fixedly sleeved on the surface of the mixing rod (214). The mixing blades (219) are in multiple numbers and are evenly distributed in the inner cavity of the mixing cylinder (204). A flow regulating valve (205) connected thereto is fixedly installed at the left end of the mixing cylinder (204), and the water outlet end of the flow regulating valve (205) is connected to a delivery pipe (206). The delivery pipe (206) ) is connected to the right side of the second side plate (106) with a plurality of first hoses (207), the right end of the first hose (207) is connected to a water outlet pipe (210), the left and right sides of the surface of the water outlet pipe (210) are rotatably connected to mounting seats (208), the mounting seats (208) are fixedly connected to the second side plate (106) by bolts, the bottom of the water outlet pipe (210) is connected to a plurality of spray heads (209), and the spray heads (209) are evenly distributed on the top of the bottom closing plate (101).

6. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 5, characterized in that: A cylindrical cam (220) is rotatably connected inside the frame (215), a first reduction motor (216) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the frame (215), an output shaft of the first reduction motor (216) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the cylindrical cam (220), a reciprocating spiral groove (221) is provided on the surface of the cylindrical cam (220), a sliding member (222) is movably connected inside the reciprocating spiral groove (221), a rack (212) is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding member (222), a sliding frame (213) for limiting the rack (212) is slidably connected to the surface of the rack (212), the rear end of the sliding frame (213) is fixedly connected to the front side of the frame (215), a plurality of first gears (211) are meshed on the top of the rack (212), and the plurality of first gears (211) are respectively fixedly connected to the right end of the water outlet pipe (210) and the mixing rod (214) to drive them.

7. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water inlet hopper (301) is fixedly installed on the front side of the first side plate (104) by means of bolts, the water inlet hopper (301) is communicated with the flow measuring hole (103), a soil support net (322) is installed inside the water inlet hopper (301), the soil support net (322) extends to the inner cavity of the flow measuring hole (103), a sediment separation box (306) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the closing cover (305) by means of bolts, a filter assembly (315) is installed inside the sediment separation box (306), and a collection box (307) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sediment separation box (306) by means of bolts.

8. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 7, characterized in that: A rotating member (310) is fixedly connected to the front side of the bottom of the collecting box (307), a bracket (308) is rotatably connected to the surface of the rotating member (310), a measuring box (312) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bracket (308), a liquid level sensor (323) is fixedly installed on the top of the measuring box (312), a rubber flat tube (314) is connected to the rear side of the collecting box (307), the bottom of the rubber flat tube (314) is fixedly connected to the top of the measuring box (312) and is connected to the inner cavity thereof, a drainage pipe (309) is connected to the front side of the measuring box (312), a controller (311) is fixedly installed on the right side of the measuring box (312), support springs (313) are rotatably connected to the left and right sides of the top of the measuring box (312), and the top of the support spring (313) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the collecting box (307).

9. The device for measuring soil flow confluence according to claim 8, characterized in that: The right end of the rotating member (310) passes through the bracket (308) and is fixedly connected to a second gear (316); a fan-shaped tooth plate (317) is meshed at the bottom of the second gear (316); the fan-shaped tooth plate (317) is rotatably connected to the right side of the bracket (308); a slide groove (318) is provided on the fan-shaped tooth plate (317); a connecting rod (319) is movably connected inside the slide groove (318); an eccentric member (320) is rotatably connected to the rear side of the connecting rod (319); a second reduction motor (321) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the bracket (308); an output shaft of the second reduction motor (321) is fixedly connected to the eccentric member (320).

10. A method for measuring a soil flow confluence measuring device, applicable to a soil flow confluence measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Dig a cross section at the front side of the soil area, then dig a groove in the soil area where the mid-soil flow experiment is to be carried out, dig grooves at the bottom, left and right sides, and front and back sides of the soil area, respectively, then install the bottom closing plate (101) in the bottom groove, install the first side plate (104), the second side plate (106), and the third side plate (107) in the grooves at the left and right sides and front and back sides, and insert the first side plate (104), the third side plate (107), and the second side plate (106) into the connecting base (102), and connect the bottom closing plate (101) to the bottom closing plate. The connection between the plate (101) and the first side plate (104), the second side plate (106) and the third side plate (107) is sealed, and the sealing member (105) is installed at the corner between the first side plate (104), the second side plate (106) and the third side plate (107). Air is injected into the sealing member (105) through an air nozzle (108) to expand the rubber sealing film (109), thereby sealing the connection between the first side plate (104), the second side plate (106) and the third side plate (107) to prevent water from flowing out; S2. The water inlet bucket (301) is mounted on the first side plate (104) by means of bolts, and the soil support net (322) enters into the flow measuring hole (103), so as to prevent the soil profile from collapsing and allow water to pass through the soil support net (322) and enter into the water inlet bucket (301); S3, water is added to the water tank (201) through the water adding pipe (218), and tracers are added to the water tank (203) through the water adding port on the top of the tracer tank (203). The precipitation amount is set in advance, and the water pump (217) extracts the water in the water tank (201) and transports it to the mixing cylinder (204). The tracer in the tracer tank (203) enters the mixing cylinder (204) through the electromagnetic valve (202). The flow of the tracer is controlled by the electromagnetic valve (202). The water and the tracer are mixed in the mixing barrel (204) at a speed of addition, and the mixed water enters the delivery pipe (206) through the flow regulating valve (205). The flow regulating valve (205) controls the water output. The water in the delivery pipe (206) enters the water outlet pipe (210) through the first hose (207) and is sprayed out through the nozzle (209). The water sprayed out by the nozzle (209) falls in the soil area, realizing the simulation of flow in the soil; S4. During the water spraying process, the output shaft of the first reduction motor (216) drives the cylindrical cam (220) to rotate inside the frame (215). The cylindrical cam (220) drives the sliding member (222) to reciprocate back and forth through the reciprocating spiral groove (221). The sliding member (222) drives the rack (212) to slide inside the sliding frame (213). The sliding frame (213) limits the rack (212). During the movement of the rack (212), the first gear (211) is driven to reciprocate. The first gear (211) drives the water outlet pipe (210) and the mixing rod (214) to rotate respectively. The mixing rod (214) drives the mixing blade (219) to rotate inside the mixing barrel (204), thereby increasing the mixing efficiency of water and tracer and making the mixture uniform. The water outlet pipe (210) rotates inside the mounting seat (208) and drives the spray head (209) to swing back and forth, thereby increasing the uniformity of precipitation. S5. The water in the soil area passes through the soil support net (322) and enters the water inlet bucket (301), and enters the flow meter (303) through the stop valve (302). The flow meter (303) detects the flow rate of the soil flow. The number of the stop valves (302) is several, and the distribution heights are different. The user can open the stop valves (302) at different positions according to the measurement requirements to realize the soil flow detection in different areas; S6, the water flowing through the flow meter (303) enters the sediment separation box (306) through the second hose (304), the filter assembly (315) inside the sediment separation box (306) separates the sediment in the water, and the separated water enters the measuring box (312) through the collecting box (307) and the rubber flat tube (314), the liquid level sensor (323) detects the liquid level height inside the measuring box (312), and transmits the detection signal to the controller (311), the controller (311) calculates the volume of the outflowing water according to the liquid level height and the internal volume of the measuring box (312), and when the measurement is completed, the accumulated water inside the measuring box (312) can be poured out through the drain pipe (309) for subsequent measurement; S7. During the process of separating sediment from the filter assembly (315), the output shaft of the measuring box (312) drives the eccentric member (320) to rotate, and the eccentric member (320) drives the connecting rod (319) to swing. The left end of the connecting rod (319) slides inside the slide groove (318) and drives the fan-shaped tooth plate (317) to rotate forward and backward. During the process of the right side of the bracket (308) rotating, the fan-shaped tooth plate (317) synchronously drives the second gear (316) to rotate forward and backward. The second gear (316) drives the rotating member (310) and the collection box (307) to rotate, so that the sediment separation box (306) and the filter assembly (315) swing forward and backward synchronously, so that the sediment on the top of the filter assembly (315) is evenly covered, thereby increasing the separation efficiency of sediment and water. During the swinging process of the collection box (307), the support spring (313) is compressed, and the support spring (313) supports the rear side of the bottom of the collection box (307); S8. When it is necessary to test the sediment content, the filter assembly (315) is removed from the top of the sediment separation box (306), and then the sediment separation box (306) is removed from the top of the collection box (307) so that the filter assembly (315) can be taken out. Then the experimenter takes out the sediment filtered from the top of the filter assembly (315) and measures the degree of water and soil erosion based on the sediment content flowing out.

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