Three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method, which comprises the following steps: S1, exploration design: determining a three-dimensional seismic exploration range and a target horizon, and designing an observation system; s2, acquiring data, including staking out in survey, exciting seismic waves and receiving seismic signals; s3, data processing: preprocessing the collected seismic data, removing noise and interference signals, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and precision of the seismic data; and S4, geological interpretation: according to the processed seismic data, interpreting the geological structure and coal seam distribution of the coal mine area in combination with geological and geophysical prospecting data. According to the method, richer and more accurate underground geological information can be provided, the detection precision and reliability of coal mine underground geological structures and coal seam distribution are improved, noise and interference signals can be effectively removed, the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data are improved, and the method is suitable for exploration and development of coal mines of different scales.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine exploration, and in particular to a three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method. Background Art

[0002] Coal is one of my country's main energy sources. Safe and efficient mining of coal mines is of great significance to ensuring national energy security.

[0003] In the process of coal mining, accurate understanding of the underground geological structure and coal seam distribution is crucial to ensuring safe production in coal mines and improving the recovery rate of coal resources.

[0004] Traditional two-dimensional seismic exploration methods can provide underground geological information to a certain extent, but they have problems such as low resolution and limited detection capabilities for complex geological structures, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern coal mining for high-precision geological information.

[0005] The emergence of 3D seismic exploration technology has brought new breakthroughs to coal mine geological exploration, providing richer and more accurate underground geological information. However, the current 3D seismic exploration analysis method still has some shortcomings in data processing and interpretation, which need to be further improved and perfected. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] The present invention provides a three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, exploration design, determine the scope and target horizon of 3D seismic exploration and design the observation system;

[0009] S2, data acquisition, including surveying and setting out, exciting seismic waves, and receiving seismic signals;

[0010] S3, data processing, pre-processing the collected seismic data to remove noise and interference signals, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and accuracy of the seismic data;

[0011] S4, geological interpretation, interprets the geological structure and coal seam distribution of the coal mining area based on the processed seismic data combined with geological and geophysical information.

[0012] Furthermore, S1 includes:

[0013] S11, determine the exploration scope and target, and determine the scope and target layer of 3D seismic exploration according to the coal mine mining plan and geological requirements;

[0014] S12, design observation system. According to the topography, geological conditions and detection targets of the exploration area, design a reasonable observation system, including the arrangement of shot points and receiver points, track spacing, shot spacing, and receiving line spacing parameters to ensure the coverage and resolution of seismic data;

[0015] S13, determine the excitation and receiving parameters, select the appropriate excitation method and receiving equipment according to the geological conditions and exploration objectives, and determine the excitation energy and receiving frequency parameters.

[0016] Furthermore, the excitation method includes an explosive source, a controllable source or a pulse source, and the receiving equipment includes a seismic detector and a receiving station.

[0017] Furthermore, S2 includes:

[0018] S21, survey and stakeout, according to the designed observation system, survey and stakeout are carried out in the field to determine the positions of the shot points and the receiver points;

[0019] S22, exciting seismic waves, exciting seismic waves at the shot point according to the designed excitation parameters;

[0020] S23, receiving seismic signals, using seismic detectors at detection points to receive seismic signals, and transmitting the signals to a receiving station data acquisition system for recording.

[0021] Furthermore, S3 includes:

[0022] S31, preprocessing, including data decoding, channel editing, static correction and dynamic correction;

[0023] S32, post-processing, includes filtering, deconvolution, velocity analysis and migration.

[0024] Further, S31 includes:

[0025] S311, data decoding, decoding the collected seismic data and converting it into a processable format;

[0026] S312, track editing: perform track editing on the decoded seismic data to remove invalid data from bad tracks and abnormal tracks to improve data quality;

[0027] S313, static correction: due to the undulating terrain and the inhomogeneity of the surface medium, errors in the propagation time of seismic waves will occur, and static correction processing is required to eliminate such errors;

[0028] S314, dynamic correction: Perform dynamic correction on the seismic data to correct the seismic records of different shot offsets to the same reference plane for subsequent processing.

[0029] Further, S32 includes:

[0030] S321, filtering processing, using a filter to filter the seismic data to remove noise and interference signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data;

[0031] S322, deconvolution processing, through deconvolution processing, compressing the seismic wavelet to improve the resolution of seismic data;

[0032] S323, velocity analysis, performing velocity analysis to determine the velocity distribution of underground media and provide a velocity model for subsequent migration processing;

[0033] S324, migration processing, uses the migration algorithm to perform migration processing on the seismic data, returns the seismic wave reflection points to their real spatial positions, and improves the resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0034] Furthermore, S4 includes:

[0035] S41, horizon interpretation, interprets the target horizon based on the reflection characteristics of seismic data, combined with geological data and drilling information, and determines the roof and floor interface and structural morphology of the coal seam;

[0036] S42, structural interpretation, interprets fault and fold structures in seismic data to determine the location, shape and scale of the structure;

[0037] S43, attribute analysis, performs attribute analysis on seismic data to extract attribute parameters that can reflect underground geological characteristics, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase, to provide more information for geological interpretation.

[0038] Furthermore, it also includes preliminary data collection and analysis, collecting basic geological, topographic and drilling data of the coal mining area, including geological maps, topographic maps, and drilling data; analyzing existing data to understand the regional geological structural background, coal seam distribution and seismic geological conditions, and determine possible geological problems and exploration priorities.

[0039] Furthermore, it also includes the display of results, which displays the geological interpretation results in a three-dimensional visual form, including the three-dimensional model of the coal seam and the three-dimensional form of the structure, so that geologists can understand the underground geological structure and coal seam distribution more intuitively.

[0040] The present invention can provide richer and more accurate underground geological information, improve the detection accuracy and reliability of underground geological structure and coal seam distribution in coal mines, effectively remove noise and interference signals, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data, and is suitable for coal mine exploration and development of different scales. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0045] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown:

[0048] A three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method comprises the following steps:

[0049] Preliminary data collection and analysis: Collect basic geological, topographic and drilling data of the coal mining area, including geological maps, topographic maps and drilling data; analyze existing data to understand the regional geological structure background, coal seam distribution and seismic geological conditions, and determine possible geological problems and exploration priorities.

[0050] S1, exploration design, determines the scope and target layers of 3D seismic exploration and designs the observation system.

[0051] S1 includes:

[0052] S11, determine the exploration scope and target. According to the coal mine's mining plan and geological requirements, determine the scope and target layer of 3D seismic exploration. The target layer is the main mineable coal seam.

[0053] S12, design the observation system. According to the topography, geological conditions and detection targets of the exploration area, design a reasonable observation system, including the arrangement of shot points and receiver points, track spacing, shot spacing, and receiving line spacing parameters to ensure the coverage and resolution of seismic data.

[0054] In this embodiment, the shot points and the detection points are arranged in a staggered manner on the same detection channel, the channel spacing is 10m, the shot spacing is 20m, the receiving line spacing is 40m, and the coverage times are 30 times.

[0055] S13, determine the excitation and receiving parameters, select the appropriate excitation method and receiving equipment according to the geological conditions and exploration objectives, and determine the excitation energy and receiving frequency parameters.

[0056] The excitation methods include explosive sources, controllable seismic sources or pulse sources.

[0057] In this embodiment, explosive source is selected as the excitation method, the receiving equipment includes a seismic detector and a receiving station, the excitation energy is 2kg, and the receiving frequency is 10-100Hz.

[0058] S2, data acquisition, includes surveying and setting out, exciting seismic waves and receiving seismic signals.

[0059] S2 includes:

[0060] S21, survey and layout, based on the designed observation system, use a total station to conduct survey and layout in the field to determine the positions of shot points and detection points.

[0061] S22, excites seismic waves, and excites seismic waves at the shot point according to the designed excitation parameters.

[0062] S23, receiving seismic signals, using seismic detectors at detection points to receive seismic signals, and transmitting the signals to a receiving station data acquisition system for recording.

[0063] S3, data processing, pre-processes the collected seismic data to remove noise and interference signals, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0064] S3 includes:

[0065] S31, preprocessing, including data decoding, trace editing, static correction and dynamic correction, improves data quality.

[0066] S311, data decoding, decodes the collected seismic data and converts it into the standard SEG-Y format.

[0067] S312, track editing: perform track editing on the decoded seismic data to remove invalid data from bad tracks and abnormal tracks to improve data quality.

[0068] S313, static correction: Due to the undulating terrain and the inhomogeneity of the surface medium, errors in the propagation time of seismic waves may occur. A combination of terrain correction and residual static correction is used to perform static correction on the seismic data to eliminate such errors.

[0069] S314, dynamic correction: Perform dynamic correction on the seismic data to correct the seismic records of different shot offsets to the same reference plane for subsequent processing.

[0070] S32, post-processing, includes filtering, deconvolution, velocity analysis and migration.

[0071] S321, filtering processing, uses a bandpass filter to filter the seismic data to remove noise and interference signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data.

[0072] S322, deconvolution processing, deconvolution processing is performed on the seismic data by adopting a predictive deconvolution method to compress the seismic wavelet and improve the resolution of the seismic data.

[0073] S323, velocity analysis, uses tomography velocity analysis method to perform velocity analysis, determine the velocity distribution of underground media, and provide a velocity model for subsequent migration processing.

[0074] S324, migration processing, uses the pre-stack time migration method to perform migration processing on the filtered seismic data, returns the seismic wave reflection points to their real spatial positions, and improves the resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0075] S4, geological interpretation, interprets the geological structure and coal seam distribution of the coal mining area based on the processed seismic data combined with geological and geophysical information.

[0076] S4 includes:

[0077] S41, Stratum Interpretation, interprets the target stratigraphy based on the reflection characteristics of seismic data, combined with geological data and drilling information, to determine the roof and floor interface and structural morphology of the coal seam.

[0078] S42, structural interpretation, interprets the fault and fold structures in the seismic data to determine the location, shape and scale of the structure.

[0079] S43, attribute analysis, performs attribute analysis on seismic data to extract attribute parameters that can reflect underground geological characteristics, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase, to provide more information for geological interpretation.

[0080] It also includes the display of results, showing the geological interpretation results in a 3D visual form, including the 3D model of the coal seam and the 3D form of the structure, so that geologists can more intuitively understand the underground geological structure and coal seam distribution. The interpreted 3D seismic exploration results are submitted to coal mining companies in the form of reports and drawings, providing a basis for the planning, design and safe production of coal mines.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0083] S1, exploration design, determines the scope and target layers of 3D seismic exploration and designs the observation system.

[0084] S1 includes:

[0085] S11, determine the exploration scope and target. According to the mining plan and geological requirements of the coal mine, determine the scope and target layer of the three-dimensional seismic exploration, and the target layer is the deep coal seam.

[0086] S12, design the observation system. According to the topography, geological conditions and detection targets of the exploration area, design a reasonable observation system, including the arrangement of shot points and receiver points, track spacing, shot spacing, and receiving line spacing parameters to ensure the coverage and resolution of seismic data.

[0087] In this embodiment, the shot points and the detection points are arranged in a staggered manner on the same detection channel, the channel spacing is 8m, the shot spacing is 15m, the receiving line spacing is 30m, and the number of coverage times is 40 times.

[0088] S13, determine the excitation and receiving parameters, select the appropriate excitation method and receiving equipment according to the geological conditions and exploration objectives, and determine the excitation energy and receiving frequency parameters.

[0089] The excitation methods include explosive sources, controllable seismic sources or pulse sources.

[0090] In this embodiment, an explosive source is selected as the excitation method, the receiving equipment includes a seismic detector and a receiving station, the excitation energy is 2kg, and the receiving frequency is 8-80Hz.

[0091] S2, data acquisition, includes surveying and setting out, exciting seismic waves and receiving seismic signals.

[0092] S2 includes:

[0093] S21, survey and layout, based on the designed observation system, use the global positioning system (GPS) to conduct survey and layout in the field to determine the positions of shot points and detection points.

[0094] S22, excites seismic waves, and excites seismic waves at the shot point according to the designed excitation parameters.

[0095] S23, receiving seismic signals, using seismic detectors at detection points to receive seismic signals, and transmitting the signals to a receiving station data acquisition system for recording.

[0096] S3, data processing, pre-processes the collected seismic data to remove noise and interference signals, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0097] S3, data processing, pre-processes the collected seismic data to remove noise and interference signals, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0098] S3 includes:

[0099] S31, preprocessing, including data decoding, trace editing, static correction and dynamic correction, improves data quality.

[0100] S311, data decoding, decodes the collected seismic data and converts it into the standard SEG-Y format.

[0101] S312, track editing: perform track editing on the decoded seismic data to remove invalid data from bad tracks and abnormal tracks to improve data quality.

[0102] S313, static correction: Due to the undulating terrain and the inhomogeneity of the surface medium, errors in the propagation time of seismic waves may occur. A combination of refraction static correction and tomography static correction is used to perform static correction on the seismic data to eliminate such errors.

[0103] S314, dynamic correction: Perform dynamic correction on the seismic data to correct the seismic records of different shot offsets to the same reference plane for subsequent processing.

[0104] S32, post-processing, includes filtering, deconvolution, velocity analysis and migration.

[0105] S321, filtering processing, uses an adaptive filter to filter the seismic data to remove noise and interference signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data.

[0106] S322, deconvolution processing, deconvolution processing is performed on the seismic data by using the least square deconvolution method to compress the seismic wavelet and improve the resolution of the seismic data.

[0107] S323, velocity analysis, uses anisotropic velocity analysis method to perform velocity analysis, determine the velocity distribution of underground media, and provide a velocity model for subsequent migration processing.

[0108] S324, migration processing, uses the pre-stack time migration method to perform migration processing on the filtered seismic data, returns the seismic wave reflection points to their real spatial positions, and improves the resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

[0109] S4, geological interpretation, interprets the geological structure and coal seam distribution of the coal mining area based on the processed seismic data combined with geological and geophysical information.

[0110] S4 includes:

[0111] S41, Stratum Interpretation, interprets the target stratigraphy based on the reflection characteristics of seismic data, combined with geological data and drilling information, to determine the roof and floor interface and structural morphology of the coal seam.

[0112] S42, structural interpretation, interprets the fault and fold structures in the seismic data to determine the location, shape and scale of the structure.

[0113] S43, attribute analysis, performs attribute analysis on seismic data to extract attribute parameters that can reflect underground geological characteristics, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase, to provide more information for geological interpretation.

[0114] The present invention can provide richer and more accurate underground geological information, improve the detection accuracy and reliability of underground geological structure and coal seam distribution in coal mines, effectively remove noise and interference signals, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data, and is suitable for coal mine exploration and development of different scales.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1, exploration design, determine the scope and target horizon of 3D seismic exploration and design the observation system; S2, data acquisition, including surveying and setting out, exciting seismic waves, and receiving seismic signals; S3, data processing, pre-processing the collected seismic data to remove noise and interference signals, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, resolution and accuracy of the seismic data; S4, geological interpretation, interprets the geological structure and coal seam distribution of the coal mining area based on the processed seismic data combined with geological and geophysical information.

2. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1 includes: S11, determine the exploration scope and target, and determine the scope and target layer of 3D seismic exploration according to the coal mine mining plan and geological requirements; S12, design observation system. According to the topography, geological conditions and detection targets of the exploration area, design a reasonable observation system, including the arrangement of shot points and receiver points, track spacing, shot spacing, and receiving line spacing parameters to ensure the coverage and resolution of seismic data; S13, determine the excitation and receiving parameters, select the appropriate excitation method and receiving equipment according to the geological conditions and exploration objectives, and determine the excitation energy and receiving frequency parameters.

3. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The excitation methods include explosive sources, controllable seismic sources or pulse sources, and the receiving equipment includes seismic detectors and receiving stations.

4. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 3, characterized in that S2 include: S21, survey and stakeout, according to the designed observation system, survey and stakeout are carried out in the field to determine the positions of the shot points and the receiver points; S22, exciting seismic waves, exciting seismic waves at the shot point according to the designed excitation parameters; S23, receiving seismic signals, using seismic detectors at detection points to receive seismic signals, and transmitting the signals to a receiving station data acquisition system for recording.

5. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that S3 include: S31, preprocessing, including data decoding, channel editing, static correction and dynamic correction; S32, post-processing, includes filtering, deconvolution, velocity analysis and migration.

6. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: S31 includes: S311, data decoding, decoding the collected seismic data and converting it into a processable format; S312, track editing: perform track editing on the decoded seismic data to remove invalid data from bad tracks and abnormal tracks to improve data quality; S313, static correction: due to the undulating terrain and the inhomogeneity of the surface medium, errors in the propagation time of seismic waves will occur, and static correction processing is required to eliminate such errors; S314, dynamic correction: Perform dynamic correction on the seismic data to correct the seismic records of different shot offsets to the same reference plane for subsequent processing.

7. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 5, characterized in that: S32 includes: S321, filtering processing, using a filter to filter the seismic data to remove noise and interference signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data; S322, deconvolution processing, through deconvolution processing, compressing the seismic wavelet to improve the resolution of seismic data; S323, velocity analysis, performing velocity analysis to determine the velocity distribution of underground media and provide a velocity model for subsequent migration processing; S324, migration processing, uses the migration algorithm to perform migration processing on the seismic data, returns the seismic wave reflection points to their real spatial positions, and improves the resolution and accuracy of the seismic data.

8. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S4 include: S41, horizon interpretation, interprets the target horizon based on the reflection characteristics of seismic data, combined with geological data and drilling information, and determines the roof and floor interface and structural morphology of the coal seam; S42, structural interpretation, interprets fault and fold structures in seismic data to determine the location, shape and scale of the structure; S43, attribute analysis, performs attribute analysis on seismic data to extract attribute parameters that can reflect underground geological characteristics, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase, to provide more information for geological interpretation.

9. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes preliminary data collection and analysis, collecting basic geological, topographic, and drilling data in the coal mining area, including geological maps, topographic maps, and drilling data; analyzing existing data to understand the regional geological structural background, coal seam distribution, and seismic geological conditions, and determine possible geological problems and exploration priorities.

10. The three-dimensional seismic exploration analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the display of results, which displays the geological interpretation results in a three-dimensional visual form, including the three-dimensional model of the coal seam and the three-dimensional form of the structure, so that geologists can understand the underground geological structure and coal seam distribution more intuitively.

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