Rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on piezoelectric device

Abstract

The invention relates to a rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on a piezoelectric device, and the method comprises the following steps: installing a piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure at a rail position such as a steel rail or a ballast bed, transmitting the vibration energy generated by wheel track excitation to the power generation structure when a train passes, and enabling the power generation structure to generate electric energy due to vibration; the piezoelectric material converts mechanical energy into small-current and high-impedance electric energy, and a rectifying circuit is additionally arranged between the piezoelectric element and the load to convert alternating voltage into direct voltage. The piezoelectric ceramics generate instantaneous charges when bearing mechanical stress, and the voltage stabilizing circuit carries out voltage stabilizing and constant current processing. The electric energy after rectification and voltage stabilization processing is stored in an energy storage element through a storage circuit, so that the electric energy can be conveniently used by electric appliances. Compared with the prior art, the method is convenient to install and use, the circuit is simple and easy to understand, operability is high, efficient electric energy conversion can be achieved, and the device is an ideal rail transit vibration energy recovery and conversion device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of vibration energy recovery and utilization of rail transit systems, and in particular to a rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on a piezoelectric device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, rail transit has continued to develop rapidly, significantly improving social and economic benefits. At the same time, the mechanical diseases of the wheel-rail system induced by it have become increasingly severe; the problems of car body vibration and in-car noise have become increasingly prominent; and the environmental vibration and noise problems along the line have caused a large number of complaints from residents. To solve this problem, it is generally adopted to isolate or dissipate the vibration energy in the transmission path of the vibration energy to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction. At the same time, people have put forward more comprehensive and higher-level requirements for service quality, and are increasingly concerned about the safety, comfort, speed and environmental protection of rail transit. Therefore, how to comprehensively consider the interaction between rail transit and people and cities; how to achieve the transformation from high-speed development to high-quality development; how to build a safe, green, economical and efficient modern integrated transportation system is an inevitable trend.

[0003] If the vibration energy generated during the operation of rail transit can be recycled and further used to power noise monitoring systems, warning lights, lighting, etc., it can achieve the dual goals of energy saving and environmental protection and noise reduction.

[0004] CN202121523U discloses a rail vibration energy recovery system based on a piezoelectric cantilever beam and a supercapacitor, which consists of a group of cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators and a rectifier-collector storage circuit. The rectifier-collector storage circuit consists of a group of bridge rectifiers, a Zener diode, a first supercapacitor and a second supercapacitor. The head end of each cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator is fixed on the bottom surface of the track of the suspended section of the train rail. A group of cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrators are evenly distributed in each suspended section of the train rail. The two lead electrodes of each cantilever beam piezoelectric vibrator are correspondingly connected to the two AC input ends of a bridge rectifier. However, the rail vibration energy recovery system based on piezoelectric cantilever beams and supercapacitors has no tuning function, and the structure does not consider the adaptability to different frequencies and vibration amplitudes, so the energy collection efficiency is low.

[0005] CN110061607A discloses a micro vibration energy harvester for subway rail transit that integrates the conversion of piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy, and uses two sets of parallel cantilever arm-mass block structures to achieve continuous and efficient conversion of vibration energy; it includes a vibration energy harvesting module, a battery, a power management module and a load connected in sequence; the power management module is used to control the load's use of the power in the battery. However, the electromagnetic drive frequency involved in this patent is high, the output voltage is low, the environmental adaptability is poor, and there may be technical incompatibility issues, so the energy conversion effect is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on a piezoelectric device. By setting a piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure and a circuit integration mechanism (including a rectifier circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, and a storage circuit), the vibration of the track structure can be converted into electrical energy, which can improve the problems of vehicle body vibration, interior noise, and mechanical diseases of the wheel-rail system to a certain extent, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of rail transit from high-speed to high-quality development. The energy collection structure designed in this application can adapt to different vibration environments through mass blocks and spiral beams to improve energy collection efficiency.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: The first object of the present invention is to provide a rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device, wherein the vibration energy recovery device includes a piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure and a circuit integration mechanism; the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure includes a connecting frame and a power generation unit; the connecting frame is connected to the power generation unit; the power generation unit includes an elastic layer, a piezoelectric layer, a mass block, and a fastener; the elastic layer is connected to the piezoelectric layer; the elastic layer is connected to the mass block through a fastener; the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is installed on the track structure through a connecting frame; the circuit integration mechanism is connected to the connecting frame; the circuit integration mechanism includes a rectifier circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, and a storage circuit.

[0008] Furthermore, the fastener comprises a nut and a stud bolt, and the stud bolt is connected to the nut; the elastic layer and the mass block are connected via the nut and the stud bolt.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic layer and the piezoelectric layer are connected by high-strength glue or integrated manufacturing; the elastic layer and the mass block are connected by bolts or rivets, and can be connected by nuts or stud bolts; the mass block is easy to replace and is a mass block with tuning function.

[0010] Furthermore, the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is installed on the track structure through a connecting frame in a manner such as bolt connection, key connection, pin connection, welding or cement pouring integration.

[0011] Furthermore, the track structure is a location with a large vibration response, such as a ballast or a rail.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic layer is a metal or non-metal elastic layer; and the piezoelectric layer is a piezoelectric layer made of piezoelectric ceramic material.

[0013] Furthermore, the material of the metal elastic layer can be stainless steel, and the material of the non-metal elastic layer can be acrylic.

[0014] Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic material is one or more of PZT-4, PZT-5A, PZT-5H or PVDF.

[0015] Furthermore, the power generation unit adopts a cantilever beam structure, a cymbal structure, a stacked structure, a piezoelectric disc structure or a spiral structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the piezoelectric layer adopts a single-layer diaphragm structure or a double-layer diaphragm structure, a direct pressure structure or a circular tube structure.

[0017] Further preferably, the power generation unit adopts a spiral structure, the elastic layer material adopts 304 stainless steel, and the piezoelectric layer adopts a single-layer diaphragm structure.

[0018] Further preferably, the piezoelectric layer is made of PZT-5H, the size of which is determined according to the rotation angle of the spiral beam and the beam width, and the substrate is made of copper material.

[0019] Furthermore, the rectifier circuit may adopt a voltage doubling rectifier circuit, a standard energy capture circuit, a synchronous charge extraction circuit or a parallel synchronous switching inductor circuit; the voltage stabilizing circuit is a circuit for stabilizing DC voltage, which is widely used in electronic equipment and may adopt a linear voltage stabilizing circuit or a switching voltage stabilizing circuit; the storage circuit includes one or more components such as ordinary electrolytic capacitors, batteries or supercapacitors.

[0020] Further preferably, the rectifier circuit adopts a voltage doubling rectifier circuit to improve power generation efficiency, the voltage stabilizing circuit adopts an LTC3588-1 chip, and the storage circuit adopts a supercapacitor, which is low in price, high in power, long in life, and maintenance-free.

[0021] Furthermore, the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is connected to a rectifier circuit; the rectifier circuit is connected to a voltage stabilizing circuit; and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to a storage circuit.

[0022] The second object of the present invention is to provide a rail transit vibration energy recovery method based on a piezoelectric device, which is implemented using a rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on piezoelectric ceramics.

[0023] The method comprises the following steps: 1) Piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure: When a train passes, the wheel-rail excitation is transmitted upward to the vehicle body and downward to the track structure. The vibration energy recovery device is installed at a location where the vibration response of the track structure is obvious. The piezoelectric layer in the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure generates a piezoelectric effect due to external vibration, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. 2) Rectifier circuit: Since the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure generates alternating current, it cannot directly supply energy to the load, so it is necessary to convert the alternating current into direct current through a rectifier circuit; 3) Voltage stabilization circuit: When the internal circuit of an electrical appliance is working, there are certain requirements for the fluctuation coefficient of voltage and current. As the mechanical stress of piezoelectric ceramics changes, the output voltage and current will also fluctuate. This fluctuation may affect the normal operation of subsequent circuits and may even damage sensitive electronic components. Therefore, a voltage stabilization circuit is required to stabilize the voltage and constant current of the system to ensure the stability of the system; 4) Storage circuit: The electrical energy after rectification and voltage stabilization is stored in capacitors and other components for use in track structure electrical appliances, such as power supply for uninterrupted vibration or noise monitoring systems, warning lights, lighting, etc.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on piezoelectric devices provided by the technical solution have a simple structure and are easy to install: the rail transit energy recovery device based on piezoelectric devices in the present invention consists of four parts: a power generation structure, a rectifier circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, and a storage circuit; during installation, the device can be set at a location where the vibration response of the rail structure is larger, based on the structural characteristics of urban rail transit and existing engineering experience.

[0025] 2) The rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on piezoelectric devices provided by this technical solution are highly robust: the power generation structure is the core component of the vibration energy recovery device, and the piezoelectric layer used has good mechanical strength and durability, and can work stably under high pressure and high intensity environments.

[0026] 3) The rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on piezoelectric devices provided by this technical solution have high conversion efficiency: the piezoelectric layer has excellent piezoelectric properties, high piezoelectric constant and dielectric constant, and can achieve high-efficiency electric energy conversion. The rectification circuit can further improve the power generation efficiency, and the voltage stabilizing circuit further enhances the voltage stabilizing and constant current functions. The supercapacitor used has high energy, high power, long charge and discharge cycle life, and is maintenance-free. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The technical route of the vibration energy recovery device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the spiral beam type vibration energy recovery device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 A schematic top view of a spiral beam structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spiral beam structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic front view of a spiral beam structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 Material parameters of the piezoelectric layer of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 Circuit diagram of the vibration energy recovery device of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cantilever beam vibration energy recovery device of the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of the cantilever beam structure of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.10 A schematic flow chart of a rail transit vibration energy recovery method based on a piezoelectric device according to the present invention.

[0037] The numbers in the figure show: 1-rail, 2-fastener system, 3-ballast bed, 4-piezoelectric layer, 5-elastic layer, 6-mass block, 7-mounting bolt hole, 8-connecting frame, 9-circuit integration mechanism, 10-cantilever beam structure, 11-nut, 12-stud bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0039] Features such as component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, etc. that are not explicitly described in the present invention are deemed to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0040] There are three main types of vibration energy recovery technology: electrostatic, electromagnetic and piezoelectric. Piezoelectric vibration energy recovery devices mainly use the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Currently common forms include: piezoelectric cantilever beam structure, piezoelectric disc structure, cymbal piezoelectric structure, piezoelectric spiral structure, etc. Piezoelectric energy recovery devices of different configurations include: single-layer, double-layer piezoelectric cantilever beam, push-pull direct pressure, diaphragm type and other structures.

[0041] The present invention provides a rail transit vibration energy recovery device and method based on a piezoelectric device. The vibration energy recovery method includes the following steps: S1: Install a piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure on a rail or a track bed, etc. When a train passes, the vibration energy generated by the wheel-rail excitation is transmitted to the power generation structure, so that the power generation structure generates electrical energy due to vibration; S2: The piezoelectric material converts mechanical energy into small current and high impedance electrical energy, and the AC voltage is converted into a DC voltage by adding a rectifier circuit between the piezoelectric element and the load; S3: When the piezoelectric ceramic is subjected to mechanical stress, an instantaneous charge will be generated, but due to the change of the mechanical stress, the output voltage and current will also fluctuate. This fluctuation may affect the normal operation of the subsequent circuit and may even damage sensitive electronic components, so a voltage stabilization circuit is required for voltage stabilization and constant current processing; S4: The electrical energy after rectification and voltage stabilization is stored in the energy storage element through a storage circuit, which is convenient for electrical appliances to use. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention is easy to install and use, the circuit is simple and easy to understand, the operability is strong, and efficient electrical energy conversion can be achieved. It is an ideal rail transit vibration energy recovery and conversion device.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] refer to Figure 1-Figure 7This embodiment provides a rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device, which includes a piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure and a circuit integration mechanism 9. The circuit integration mechanism includes a rectifier circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit, and a storage circuit. The piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is connected to the rectifier circuit; the rectifier circuit is connected to the voltage stabilizing circuit; and the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the storage circuit. The piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure includes a connecting frame 8 and a power generation unit; the connecting frame 8 is connected to the power generation unit by welding, the power generation unit includes an elastic layer 5, a piezoelectric layer 4, a mass block 6, a nut 11, and a stud bolt 12. The power generation unit adopts a spiral structure, the elastic layer 5 is made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 1 mm, and a spiral beam is obtained on a steel plate by laser cutting. The root of the spiral beam is determined according to the natural frequency of the floating plate. The circular spiral can be designed with a larger frequency range, and the rotation angle is 3~8π. The distance between the circles in the spiral beam unit is t, and the beam width is b; the mass block 6 is a cylindrical lead material with a radius of r and a height of h. The resonant frequency of the structure can be tuned by adjusting the size of the mass block 6, and the resonant frequency of the structure can be reduced by increasing the mass of the mass block 6. The mass block 6 is fixed at the center of the spiral beam by a nut 11 and a stud bolt 12; the side length of the spiral beam unit structure is a, and the elastic behavior of the spiral beam structure is not only determined by the elastic modulus of its material, but also directly related to its geometric shape. The spiral beam can be simplified as a circular cross-section elastic rod with an initial torsion as a mechanical model. This geometric shape causes the spiral beam to produce torsion and bending deformation when subjected to external force, thereby showing elasticity; utilizing the characteristic that this geometric shape determines its elastic behavior, the relevant parameters of its geometric shape are designed to match the natural frequency of the floating plate track (rail 1) for rail transit, and the frequency range can be controlled within 10-40Hz, thereby absorbing the vibration energy of the floating plate to the spiral beam structure, significantly improving the vibration energy used for piezoelectric conversion energy storage from the source; the piezoelectric layer 4 adopts a single-layer diaphragm structure, such as Figure 6 As shown, the piezoelectric layer 4 is made of PZT-5H with a density of 7500 kg·m -3, Young's modulus 56GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.36, relative dielectric constant 3200, piezoelectric constant 2.75e-10, the size depends on the rotation angle of the spiral beam and the beam width, the substrate uses copper material, the piezoelectric material piezoelectric ceramic sheet is relatively light, easy to install and use, has good mechanical strength and durability, can work stably under high pressure and high temperature environment, has excellent piezoelectric performance, high piezoelectric constant and dielectric constant, can achieve efficient electric energy conversion, the elastic layer 5 and the piezoelectric layer 4 are connected by high-strength glue; the rectifier circuit selects a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, which can improve the power generation efficiency; the voltage stabilizing circuit uses the LTC3588-1 chip, sets D1 and D0 to 1, and the output voltage will be stabilized at 3.6V; in the embodiment, a supercapacitor is used for energy storage, and the specification is: 5.5V 0.5F, compared with ordinary electrolytic capacitors and batteries, supercapacitors have higher power density, can be charged and discharged in a very short time, and the charging circuit design is simple and easy to maintain; supercapacitors do not rely on chemical reactions to store energy, so there is no risk of overcharging, over-discharging, and internal chemical reactions causing heating and explosion; supercapacitors do not produce any pollutants during their raw material composition, manufacturing process, storage and disassembly process, so they are regarded as an ideal green energy source.

[0044] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the elastic layer 5 is a spiral beam integrated with the steel plate, and the piezoelectric layer 4 is attached to the spiral beam, and its shape coincides with that of the spiral beam.

[0045] The connecting frame 8 is a hollow rectangular structure, the spiral power generation unit is arranged on the top of the connecting frame 8, and the four sides of the connecting frame 8 are connected to the spiral power generation unit by welding. The material of the connecting frame 8 is 304 stainless steel.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is installed on the ballast 3 by means of a connecting frame 8 in a bolted manner; the ballast 3 is connected to the fastener system 2, and the fastener system 2 is connected to the rail 1.

[0047] like Fig.10 As shown, this embodiment provides a rail transit vibration energy recovery method based on a piezoelectric device, using the device in this embodiment, including the following steps: 1) Piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure: When a train passes, the wheel-rail excitation is transmitted upward to the vehicle body and downward to the track structure such as the rail 1, fastener system 2, and ballast 3. The vibration energy recovery device is installed at a position where the vibration response of the track structure is obvious. The piezoelectric layer 4 in the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure generates a piezoelectric effect due to external vibration, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. 2) Rectifier circuit: Since the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure generates alternating current, it cannot directly supply energy to the load, so it is necessary to convert the alternating current into direct current through a rectifier circuit; 3) Voltage stabilization circuit: When the internal circuit of an electrical appliance is working, there are certain requirements for the fluctuation coefficient of voltage and current. As the mechanical stress of piezoelectric ceramics changes, the output voltage and current will also fluctuate. This fluctuation may affect the normal operation of subsequent circuits and may even damage sensitive electronic components. Therefore, a voltage stabilization circuit is required to stabilize the voltage and constant current of the system to ensure the stability of the system; 4) Storage circuit: The electrical energy after rectification and voltage stabilization is stored in capacitors and other components for use in track structure electrical appliances, such as power supply for uninterrupted vibration or noise monitoring systems, warning lights, lighting, etc.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Fig. 9 This embodiment provides a rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the power generation unit of this embodiment adopts a cantilever beam structure 10, and the piezoelectric layer 4 is connected to both sides of the connecting frame 8.

[0050] The elastic layer 5 is disposed between two piezoelectric layers 4 on the same side. The mass block 6 is connected to the piezoelectric layer 4 . The mass block 6 is connected to one end of the upper surface of the upper piezoelectric layer 4 .

[0051] The rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on the piezoelectric device in this embodiment is installed on the rail 1 by bolt connection through the connecting frame 8. The connecting frame 8 is provided with mounting bolt holes 7 for bolting the device on the rail 1. The piezoelectric layers 4 on both sides are symmetrically arranged.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] refer to Figure 7This embodiment provides a rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device. Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment also includes the following circuit integration mechanism 9 structural setting: the rectifier circuit of the circuit integration mechanism 9 is connected to the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure, specifically connected to the piezoelectric layer 4 in the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure, the rectifier circuit is composed of 1N5819 diode D2 and 1N5819 diode D3 to form a voltage doubling rectifier circuit, C1~C4 are electrolytic capacitors, capacitor C1 and resistor R1 form a low-pass filter, connected to the PZ1 pin and PZ2 pin of LTC3588-1 , the CAP pin is connected to the VIN pin through the capacitor C2, providing the gate drive signal for the PMOS in the buck circuit, the SW pin is connected to the VOUT pin through the inductor L1, and the buck circuit and the output voltage are internally adjusted. The VIN2 pin is connected to the ground through the capacitor C3, and a high-level signal is provided to the 1N5819 diode D0 and the 1N5819 diode D1. The 1N5819 diode D0 and the 1N5819 diode D1 are both set to 1, and the output voltage will be stabilized at 3.6V, providing a stable input voltage for the super capacitor C5 to continuously charge.

[0054] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device, characterized in that: The vibration energy recovery device comprises a piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure and a circuit integration mechanism (9); The piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure comprises a connecting frame (8) and a power generation unit; The connecting frame (8) is connected to the power generation unit; The power generation unit comprises an elastic layer (5), a piezoelectric layer (4), a mass block (6), and a fastener; The elastic layer (5) is connected to the piezoelectric layer (4); The elastic layer (5) and the mass block (6) are connected via a fastener; The piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is installed on the track structure via a connecting frame (8); The circuit integration mechanism (9) is connected to the connection frame (8); The circuit integration mechanism (9) comprises a rectifier circuit, a voltage stabilization circuit, and a storage circuit; The elastic layer (5) is a metal or non-metal elastic layer; The piezoelectric layer (4) is a piezoelectric layer made of a piezoelectric ceramic material, and the piezoelectric ceramic material is one or more of PZT-4, PZT-5A, PZT-5H or PVDF; The power generation unit adopts a cantilever beam structure, a cymbal structure, a stacked structure, a piezoelectric disc structure or a spiral structure; The storage circuit includes one or more of a common electrolytic capacitor, a battery or a supercapacitor element.

2. A rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic layer (5) and the piezoelectric layer (4) are connected by high-strength glue or an integrated manufacturing method; The fastener comprises a nut (11) and a stud bolt (12); the stud bolt (12) is connected to the nut (11); The elastic layer (5) and the mass block (6) are connected via a nut (11) and a stud bolt (12); The mass block (6) is a mass block with a tuning function.

3. The rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is installed on the track structure through a connecting frame (8) in an integrated manner by bolt connection, key connection, pin connection, welding or cement pouring; The track structure is a ballast (3) or a steel rail (1).

4. The rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic layer (5) is a metal or non-metal elastic layer; The piezoelectric layer (4) is a piezoelectric layer made of piezoelectric ceramic material.

5. The rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric layer (4) adopts a single-layer or double-layer diaphragm structure, a direct pressure structure or a circular tube structure.

6. The rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectifier circuit adopts a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, a standard energy capture circuit, a synchronous charge extraction circuit or a parallel synchronous switch inductor circuit; The voltage stabilizing circuit adopts a linear voltage stabilizing circuit or a switching voltage stabilizing circuit.

7. The rail transit vibration energy recovery device based on a piezoelectric device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure is connected to a rectifier circuit; The rectifier circuit is connected to the voltage stabilizing circuit; The voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the storage circuit.

8. A rail transit vibration energy recovery method based on a piezoelectric device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure: When a train passes, the wheel-rail excitation is transmitted upward to the vehicle body and downward to the track structure. The vibration energy recovery device is installed at a location where the vibration response of the track structure is obvious. The piezoelectric layer (4) in the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure generates a piezoelectric effect due to external vibration, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. 2) Rectifier circuit: Since the piezoelectric vibrator power generation structure generates alternating current, the rectifier circuit converts the alternating current into direct current; 3) Voltage stabilization circuit: voltage stabilization and constant current processing are performed through the voltage stabilization circuit; 4) Storage circuit: The electrical energy after rectification and voltage stabilization is stored in the components and used for electrical appliances in the track structure.

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