Three-phase separator and fluidized bed reactor using same

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-phase separator and a fluidized bed reactor using the same. The three-phase separator comprises a central guide cylinder for receiving gas-liquid materials ascending from the bottom of a reactor and carried solid catalyst particles and forming first baffling of the liquid-solid materials at the top; the outer guide cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the central guide cylinder in a sleeving manner, and the liquid-solid materials subjected to first baffling move downwards in an annular space between the outer guide cylinder and the reactor wall; the overflow baffling cylinder is arranged between the central guide cylinder and the outer guide cylinder in a sleeving manner, and separation of liquid-solid materials and secondary baffling of liquid-phase materials are formed at the lower end of the overflow baffling cylinder; and third baffling of the liquid-phase material is formed at the upper end of the overflow baffling cylinder, and the liquid-phase material which goes down after the third baffling is discharged from a liquid outlet pipe located at the lower part of the outer wall of the overflow baffling cylinder. Through the structural design of the paper clip type inverted-sequence built-in three-phase separator, the influence of rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency can be effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gas-liquid-solid separation, and in particular to a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator and a fluidized bed reactor using the separator. Background Art

[0002] The ebullating bed reactor generally requires a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator to be placed in the upper part of the reactor. The liquid phase in the ebullating bed is the continuous phase, the gas phase passes through the reactor in the form of bubbles, and the gas is used as the power, and the solid phase is the dispersed phase. The ebullating bed reactor generally has an online catalyst addition and discharge system. During operation, the pressure drop of the reactor is relatively stable, which is particularly suitable for the hydrotreatment process of inferior residual oil. The raw material residual oil has a high content of impurities, the reaction is highly exothermic, and the catalyst is quickly poisoned and deactivated. The catalyst is replaced online regularly, and the solid phase is circulated in the reactor through a three-phase separator, thereby maintaining the stability of the reaction system and ultra-long operation.

[0003] The existing three-phase separator has multiple annular cylinders arranged in the upper part of the reactor. Figure 1 As shown, the gas-liquid-solid mixture ascends in the annular inner cylinder, and the gas phase separation is completed at the upper gas-liquid interface; the liquid-solid mixed fluid overflows to the surroundings and enters the area between the outer annular cylinder and the inner annular cylinder to descend; the solid flows downward with the liquid in the annular area between the outer annular cylinder and the reactor wall according to the solid-liquid density difference, and returns to the main reaction area for circulation; the remaining liquid phase flows upward through the discharge pipe in the annular gap between the annular outer cylinder and the reactor wall under the action of the "U"-shaped tube principle and out of the reactor. That is, a gas phase outflow channel is set at the top of the reactor, and the liquid phase overflows out of the reactor at the side opening, and the solid catalyst flows out of the separator under the action of gravity difference in the liquid phase, realizing three-phase separation. This kind of three-phase separator is called a straight tube or expansion sequence type built-in three-phase separator.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application CN101376092A discloses a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a cylindrical reactor shell perpendicular to the ground, a three-phase separator in the upper part of the shell, and a guide structure in the middle and upper part of the reactor. The guide structure is an annular protrusion structure arranged on the inner wall of the reactor, and the longitudinal section of the guide structure along the axis of the reactor is trapezoidal or arched. The arrangement of the guide structure and its organic combination with the three-phase separator increase the operational flexibility of the three-phase separator, ensure the efficient separation of the three-phase separator, and can greatly reduce the amount of catalyst carried out. However, this type of existing sequential built-in three-phase separator still has a certain amount of gas phase inflow at the position of the liquid-solid deflection, and the bubble tail vortex effect will cause disorder in the catalyst particles, affecting the solid-liquid separation effect; the millimeter-level bubbles rise faster, and the hundred-micron-level bubbles rise slower and will be affected by larger bubbles and move disorderly in the radial direction. At present, there are basically millimeter-level bubbles in the boiling bed reactor. In order to reduce the entry of bubbles in the vertical direction and affect the separation and prevent the gas from rising, the aforementioned guide structure is added to the straight reactor, or the inner diameter of the reactor is enlarged at the position of the built-in separator, that is, an expanded sequential built-in three-phase separator is adopted, so that the gas phase rises vertically and avoids the deflection area as much as possible. Although it can play a certain role, liquid-solid separation still cannot avoid the influence of rising gas, and this structural design is relatively complex and the investment is relatively high.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator and an ebullating bed reactor using the separator, so as to effectively avoid the influence of rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a three-phase separator and an ebullating bed reactor using the separator. The structural design of the paper clip type reverse sequence built-in three-phase separator can effectively avoid the influence of rising gas on the liquid-solid separation efficiency.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-phase separator, which is arranged in a fluidized bed reactor and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, comprising: a central guide tube, which receives gas-liquid materials and solid catalyst particles carried upward from the bottom of the reactor, and forms a first deflection of liquid-solid materials at the top; an outer guide tube, which is sleeved on the outside of the central guide tube, and the liquid-solid materials after the first deflection descend in the annular space between the outer guide tube and the reactor wall; an overflow deflector tube, which is sleeved between the central guide tube and the outer guide tube, and forms a separation of liquid and solid materials and a second deflection of liquid materials at the lower end of the overflow deflector tube; a third deflection of liquid materials is formed at the upper end of the overflow deflector tube, and the liquid materials that have been deflected for the third time and descend are discharged from the liquid outlet pipe located at the lower part of the outer wall of the overflow deflector tube.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the top end of the central guide tube is connected to the top end of the outer guide tube via an upper sealing baffle, and the upper sealing baffle is located above the top end of the overflow deflector tube and is arranged obliquely.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the central guide tube includes an upper straight tube section and a lower expansion section.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the liquid phase material after the third deflection can be discharged to the liquid outlet pipe through the diversion buffer unit.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the diversion buffer unit may include: a curved baffle, which extends downward from the inner wall of the outer guide tube and is used to alleviate the excessively rapid suction of the liquid material after the third deflection; a diversion buffer baffle, which is arranged at the bottom of the annular space between the outer guide tube and the overflow deflection tube, and is arranged downward from the far end to the proximal end of the liquid outlet pipe, and is used to receive the drainage from the curved baffle and even the liquid flow rate in the annular space at the liquid outlet pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an anti-deposition portion may be provided at the bottom of the diversion buffer baffle, which is integrally formed with the diversion buffer baffle and is an annular inflation space with a closed bottom. The diversion buffer baffle serves as an upper cover of the annular inflation space and air holes are evenly opened at corresponding positions of the upper cover. By inflating the annular inflation space, bubbles generated at the air holes form turbulence for the liquid material on the diversion buffer baffle.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the inclination angle of the annular section of the upper end of the curved baffle can be 110° to 120°; the inclination angle of the guide buffer baffle can be 5° to 20°.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, an exhaust pipe may be provided above the third baffle position and at the connection between the upper sealing baffle and the central guide tube, and the exhaust pipes are multiple and arranged in a circular array. The outlet of the exhaust pipe is located above the liquid level of the reactor.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an ebullated bed reactor, in which any one of the above-mentioned three-phase separators is arranged.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the reactor shell is a straight cylindrical structure, a gas outlet pipe is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a feed port is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure; the three-phase separator is arranged in the upper space inside the reactor shell.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a gas-liquid separator is provided in the lower space of the reactor shell and below the catalyst bed.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a solid catalyst particle filling port may be provided at the upper end cap position; and a solid catalyst particle discharge port may be provided at the lower end cap position.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a guide portion may be provided at a corresponding position on the lower end of the expansion section of the central guide tube of the three-phase separator, and the guide portion is an annular protrusion structure or a folded plate structure arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the reactor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1) The present invention realizes the "reverse order" (i.e., the paper clip direction) of the material flow through the "three-tube sleeve" structural design, increases the radial stroke of the first and second deflections, so that the material flowing upward from the central guide tube is directly deflected to the annular space between the outer guide tube and the reactor wall, and thus the radial stroke of the second deflection is effectively increased relative to the "sequential" material flow of the prior art, and the gas is not easy to rise in the liquid-solid separation zone; in addition, since the present invention adopts the "reverse order" material flow, even if some bubbles have an upward trend, their upward path is the same as the path of the liquid out of the reactor. It is the opposite, and it is not easy to cause the solid phase to flow out of the reactor with the liquid phase; the inventor has proved through experiments that when using the straight-cylindrical reactor of the present invention, the effect of preventing bubbles from rising is better than that of the existing expansion reactor (i.e., the design of the reactor with a larger radial dimension at the three-phase separator); according to the fluid mechanics principle that bubbles tend to rise along a straight line, the "reverse order" of the material direction of the present invention and the "sequence" in the prior art realize the interchange of two baffle areas, which can effectively prevent bubbles from entering the liquid-solid separation space and interfering with the fine separation of liquid and solid, thereby effectively maintaining the long-term stability of the separation efficiency of the three-phase separator.

[0023] 2) In order to solve the problem of uneven outflow from the annular gap, the present invention discharges the liquid phase material to the liquid outlet pipe through the guide buffer unit after the third deflection. The curved baffle of the guide buffer unit extends downward from the inner wall of the outer guide tube, which can effectively alleviate the excessively fast inhalation of the liquid phase material after the third deflection; by arranging the guide buffer baffle of the guide buffer unit at the bottom of the annular space between the outer guide tube and the overflow deflector tube, and arranging it downward from the far end to the proximal end of the liquid outlet pipe, it can receive the drainage from the curved baffle and effectively even out the liquid flow rate in the annular space at the liquid outlet pipe.

[0024] 3) The anti-deposition part of the present invention is an annular space for generating bubbles located at the bottom of the guide buffer baffle. After the annular space is filled with gas, the bubbles can be controlled to enter the liquid outflow area. The generated bubbles can enhance the turbulence of the liquid at the guide buffer baffle, thereby preventing coking.

[0025] 4) The guide part of the present invention can be set as a convex structure or a baffle structure. The guide part needs to bear pressure under high pressure conditions. Therefore, compared with the annular convex structure, the baffle structure does not need to consider the pressure bearing problem and is the preferred structure. Considering that bubbles will gather and form a large bubble cavity between the baffle and the reactor wall, forming a certain contact state between the gas film and the liquid film, this structural form has less wear on the catalyst particles.

[0026] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a straight-cylinder sequential built-in three-phase separator in an existing fluidized bed reactor (showing the inner and outer cylinder structures of the existing three-phase separator and the material flow).

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the straight-cylinder reverse-sequence built-in three-phase separator of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a perspective stereoscopic structural schematic diagram of the three-phase separator of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the guide buffer baffle and the anti-deposition part of the three-phase separator of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fluidized bed reactor of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6It is a perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fluidized bed reactor of the present invention.

[0033] Description of main reference numerals:

[0034] Figure 1 In the figure, 1A-inner cylinder, 2A-outer cylinder, 3A-liquid outlet pipe, 4A-gas outlet pipe; 100A-existing fluidized bed reactor;

[0035] Figures 2 to 6 In the middle, 1-central guide tube, 11-straight tube section, 12-expansion section, 2-outer guide tube, 3-overflow baffle tube, 4-upper sealing baffle, 5-curved baffle, 6-guide buffer baffle, 60-air hole, 61-air filling space of anti-deposition part, 62-air filling pipe, 7-liquid outlet pipe, 8-exhaust pipe; 100-boiling bed reactor, 101-reactor shell, 102-folding plate, 103-gas outlet pipe, 104-feeding port, 105-gas-liquid distributor, 106-solid catalyst particle filling port, 107-solid catalyst particle discharge port;

[0036] Figure 5 In the figure, A is the solid catalyst particle bed, and B is the reactor liquid level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation modes.

[0038] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the term “comprise” or variations such as “include” or “comprising”, etc., will be understood to include the stated elements or components but not to exclude other elements or components.

[0039] In this document, for the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "below", "below", "down", "above", "above", "upper", etc. may be used to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the object in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the object in the figure is turned over, the element described as being "below" or "below" other elements or features will be oriented "above" the element or feature. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" can include both below and above. Objects may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial relative terms used in this document should be interpreted accordingly.

[0040] In this document, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to limit a specific position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first", "second", etc. can also be interchangeable.

[0041] The three-phase separator of the present invention is for Figure 1 Improvements made to the prior art shown. Figure 1 An existing fluidized bed reactor 100A is shown, which is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction. The gas-liquid mixed feed from the bottom of the reactor contacts the solid catalyst particles arranged in the middle and lower part of the reactor to carry out catalytic reaction. The gas-liquid-solid three-phases continue to ascend and are guided into a three-phase separator composed of an inner cylinder 1A and an outer cylinder 2A. The existing three-phase separator is arranged in the middle and upper part of the reactor for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation. The material flow direction of the existing three-phase separator is as follows: the gas-liquid-solid mixture ascends in the annular inner cylinder 1A, and the gas phase separation is completed at the upper gas-liquid interface; the liquid-solid mixed fluid overflows to the surroundings and enters the area between the outer cylinder 2A and the inner cylinder 1A and descends; the solid flows out of the three-phase separator with the liquid in the annular area between the outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall according to the solid-liquid density difference, and returns to the main reaction area for circulation; the remaining liquid phase flows out of the reactor upward through the discharge pipe 3A in the annular gap between the annular outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall under the action of the "U"-shaped tube principle. That is, a gas phase outflow channel 4A is set at the top of the reactor, and the liquid phase overflows from the discharge pipe 3A at the side opening to the reactor 100A, and the solid catalyst flows out of the separator under the action of gravity difference in the liquid phase, thus achieving three-phase separation. This existing three-phase separator is a straight-cylinder sequential type built-in three-phase separator. The so-called "sequential type" is referred to as Figure 1 The arrow direction at the three-phase separator in the middle, that is, the material goes up along the inner cylinder 1A, then sequentially enters the annular space between the inner cylinder 1A and the outer cylinder 2A and goes down, and then after liquid-solid separation, the liquid phase goes up along the annular space between the outer cylinder 2A and the reactor wall, and overflows out of the reactor 100A when the liquid phase rises to the discharge pipe 3A. The present invention is based on the above-mentioned existing three-phase separator and makes the following improvements:

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 2 , 3As shown, this embodiment provides a three-phase separator, which adopts a "reverse type" structural design, which is arranged in the shell 101 of the fluidized bed reactor and is used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation. The three-phase separator includes: a central guide tube 1, an outer guide tube 2 and an overflow deflector tube 3. Among them, the central guide tube 1 receives the gas-liquid materials and the solid catalyst particles carried upward from the bottom of the reactor 100, and forms the first deflection of the liquid and solid materials at the top (the gas phase has been separated at the reactor liquid surface B). The outer guide tube 2 is sleeved on the outside of the central guide tube 1, and the liquid and solid materials after the first deflection descend in the annular space between the outer guide tube 2 and the reactor wall. The overflow baffle tube 3 is sleeved between the central guide tube 1 and the outer guide tube 2, and the separation of liquid and solid materials and the second baffle of liquid materials are formed at the lower end of the overflow baffle tube 2 (U-tube principle); the upward liquid materials form the third baffle of liquid materials at the upper end of the overflow baffle tube 2, and the liquid materials that are baffled and descending after the third baffle are discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 7 located at the lower part of the outer wall of the overflow baffle tube 2. Compared with the prior art, this embodiment adopts the structural form of "three tubes sleeved" and changes the direction of the materials (see Figure 2 ), the material direction is similar to a "paper clip", which is significantly different from the existing "sequential type" material direction. The material direction of this embodiment adopts a "reverse type" material direction based on the "three-tube socket" structure.

[0044] The inventors have found through research that it is usually difficult for existing sequential built-in three-phase separators to achieve extremely demanding solid phase particle (catalyst) interception rates and maintain stable and efficient separation efficiency; it is difficult for existing straight-cylinder three-phase separators to avoid gas from entering the three-phase separator. The areas where gas enters the conventional straight-cylinder sequential three-phase separators are the liquid-solid separation area and the liquid outflow area. When the gas enters the liquid-solid separation area (i.e. Figure 1 The area between the lower end of the inner tube 1A and the reactor wall), the rising of bubbles will disrupt the normal separation and sedimentation process of the liquid-solid separation zone, and the rising path of the bubbles is the same as the path of the liquid out of the reactor (i.e. Figure 1 The annular space between the inner and outer cylinders 2A and the reactor wall is upward), which easily causes the solid phase to flow out of the reactor with the liquid phase, and the separation effect is deteriorated; compared with the straight-cylinder three-phase separator, the expansion type three-phase separator can reduce the intrusion of bubbles to a certain extent, but the engineering application is more difficult, the design is complex, and the cost is high. In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, reference is made to Figure 2This embodiment realizes the "reverse" (paper clip-shaped) material flow through the "three-tube socket" structural design, that is, the radial strokes of the first and second deflections are increased, so that the material in the central guide tube 1 is directly deflected to the annular space between the outer guide tube 2 and the reactor wall, and the radial stroke of the second deflection is effectively increased relative to the prior art, and the gas is not easy to rise in the liquid-solid separation area. In addition, since this embodiment adopts the "reverse" material flow, even if some bubbles rise, since their rising path is opposite to the path of the liquid out of the reactor, it is not easy to cause the solid phase to flow out of the reactor with the liquid phase. Furthermore, when using a straight-cylinder reactor, this embodiment is more effective in preventing bubbles from rising than the existing expansion reactor.

[0045] Further Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the top of the central draft tube 1 is connected to the top of the outer draft tube 2 through an upper sealing baffle 4, and the upper sealing baffle 4 is located above the top of the overflow baffle 3 and is inclined. The inclined upper sealing plate design can better guide the material from the central draft tube directly into the annular space between the outer draft tube and the reactor wall.

[0046] Further Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the central guide tube 1 includes an upper straight section 11 and a lower expansion section 12. The expansion section 12 extends from the lower end of the straight section 11 toward the reactor wall. Therefore, even if some of the upward bubbles reach the liquid-solid separation area, it is difficult for the bubbles to continue to rise and affect the liquid-solid separation because the straight upward path of the bubbles is interrupted.

[0047] The inventor further discovered that the existing "sequential" three-phase separator (reference Figure 1 ) does not match the annular gap volume formed between the outer ring and the reactor wall. The area below the outlet and the annular area are the main outflow areas. The fluid in the area far from the outlet is almost steady and the outflow from the annular gap is not uniform. To solve the problem of uneven outflow from the annular gap, the liquid phase material after the third deflection in this embodiment is discharged to the liquid outlet pipe 7 through the diversion buffer unit. Specifically, see Figures 2 to 4, the flow guide buffer unit includes a curved baffle 5 and a flow guide buffer baffle 6. Among them, the curved baffle 5 extends downward from the inner wall of the outer flow guide tube 2 to alleviate the excessive suction of the liquid phase material after the third deflection; the flow guide buffer baffle 6 is arranged at the bottom of the annular space between the outer flow guide tube 2 and the overflow deflection tube 3, and is arranged downward from the far end to the proximal end of the liquid outlet pipe 7 to receive the drainage from the curved baffle 5 and even the liquid flow rate in the annular space at the liquid outlet pipe. Preferably, but not restrictively, the inclination angle of the annular section of the upper end of the curved baffle 5 is 110°~120°; the inclination angle of the flow guide buffer baffle 6 is 5°~20°. The uniformity of the annular gap outflow is also a key factor in the stable and durable performance of the three-phase separator. In this embodiment, the curved baffle 5 in the annular space between the outer guide tube 2 and the overflow deflector tube 3 and the guide buffer baffle 6 at the bottom can avoid excessive flow field distribution in the local annular gap, effectively solve the problem of uniformity of annular gap outflow, and help maintain the stability of the separation efficiency of the solid-liquid separation zone.

[0048] Further Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the bottom of the guide buffer baffle 6 is provided with an anti-deposition portion, which is integrally formed with the guide buffer baffle 6 and is a ring-shaped air-filled space 61 with a closed bottom (refer to Figure 4 ), the guide buffer baffle 6 serves as the upper cover of the annular inflation space 61 and has air holes 60 evenly opened at corresponding positions of the upper cover. By inflating the annular inflation space 61, bubbles generated at the air holes form turbulence for the liquid material on the guide buffer baffle 6.

[0049] Since the guide buffer baffle 6 used in this embodiment is an inclined elliptical ring plate, the liquid at the other end of the liquid outlet pipe 7 has the potential energy to flow toward the liquid outlet, which plays a role in uniformizing the liquid flow rate in the annular space at the liquid outlet. The anti-deposition part is an annular space for generating bubbles located at the lower part of the guide buffer baffle 6. The gas enters the annular space 61 through the gas filling port 62. After being filled with gas, it can enter the liquid outflow area (i.e., the inclined surface of the guide buffer baffle 6) through a one-way gas control valve (not shown in the figure). The generated bubbles enhance the turbulence of the liquid at the guide buffer baffle, which plays a role in preventing coking.

[0050] Further Figure 2 , 3 As shown, an exhaust pipe 8 is provided above the third baffle position and at the connection between the upper sealing baffle 4 and the central guide tube 1. The exhaust pipe 8 is multiple and arranged in a circular array. The outlet of the exhaust pipe 8 is located above the reactor liquid level (reference Figure 5 The arrangement of the exhaust pipe array can prevent gas from mixing into the overflow area through the catalyst discharge port (i.e., the outlet of the solid catalyst particles after liquid-solid separation) to form a cavity.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, this embodiment provides an ebullated bed reactor 100, in which the three-phase separator in Embodiment 1 is arranged, so that the same technical effect as Embodiment 1 can be achieved. Specifically, the reactor shell 101 is a straight cylindrical structure, a gas outlet pipe 103 is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight cylindrical structure, and a feed port 104 is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight cylindrical structure. The three-phase separator in Embodiment 1 is arranged in the upper space in the reactor shell 101. Further, as Figure 5 , 6 As shown, a gas-liquid separator 105 is provided in the lower space of the reactor shell 101 and below the catalyst bed A. A solid catalyst particle filling port 106 is provided at the upper end cap position; a solid catalyst particle discharge port 107 is provided at the lower end cap position.

[0053] Further Figure 5 , 6 As shown, a guide portion 102 is provided at a corresponding position at the lower end of the expansion section 12 of the central guide tube 1 of the three-phase separator. The guide portion 102 is an annular protrusion structure or a folded plate structure arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the reactor. The annular protrusion structure can be, for example, a trapezoidal or arched structure. Considering that such a structure needs to bear pressure under high pressure conditions, compared with the annular protrusion structure, this embodiment Figure 5 and Figure 6 The baffle structure shown does not need to consider the pressure bearing problem and is the preferred structure. Considering that bubbles will gather and form large bubble cavities between the baffle and the reactor wall, forming a certain contact state between the gas film and the liquid film, this method has less wear on the catalyst particles.

[0054] The working process of the ebullated bed reactor is described in detail below by combining the material flow in the ebullated bed reactor of this embodiment:

[0055] First, the various regions of the three-phase separator set in the fluidized bed reactor 100 are described: the central guide tube 1 constitutes the central guide area of ​​the three-phase separator, the outer guide tube 2 and the reactor wall constitute the liquid-solid descending area, the overflow baffle tube 3 and the central guide tube 1 constitute the overflow area, the overflow baffle tube 3 and the outer guide tube 2 constitute the liquid outflow area, and the liquid outflow area is the clarified liquid product collection area. The upper area of ​​the upper sealing baffle 4 is the first baffle area, the lower end of the overflow baffle tube 3 is the second baffle area, and the upper end of the overflow baffle tube 3 is the third overflow baffle area.

[0056] The gas-liquid mixture enters the gas-liquid separator 105 through the feed port 104 at the bottom of the reactor, and then enters the catalyst bed A (the catalyst is solid catalyst particles), and a gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction is carried out in the lower part of the reactor; after the reaction, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixture flows upward and enters the three-phase separation area; the three-phase separator is divided into a central flow area, a first baffle area, a liquid-solid descending area, a second baffle area, an overflow area, a third overflow baffle area, and a liquid outflow area according to the flow order of the liquid phase. The liquid-solid two-phase mainly completes the liquid-solid separation in the lower part of the second baffle area. The liquid flows into the third overflow baffle area under the action of the "U"-shaped tube principle, enters the liquid outflow area after further separation in the third overflow baffle area, and flows out of the reactor through the liquid outflow pipe 7. Specifically, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixture first flows upward through the central guide area through the expansion section 12 of the central guide tube 1, the flow area gradually decreases, the mixture flow rate increases, and a jet flow is formed at the liquid level interface of the three-phase separator (i.e., the reactor liquid level B), where the gas is separated and discharged from the gas outlet pipe 103. After the liquid and solid flow overflows the central guide tube 1 and enters the first baffle area, it flows into the liquid-solid descending area, and the second baffle area performs liquid-solid separation, and the separated catalyst returns to the reaction area through the discharge port. After separation, the clarified liquid is obtained and enters the clarified liquid collection area through the second baffle area. An exhaust pipe 8 is provided at the top of the overflow area to prevent the gas from mixing into the overflow area through the catalyst discharge port to cause a cavity. After the liquid passes through the curved baffle 5 and the lower guide buffer baffle 6 for flow field adjustment, it flows out of the reactor through the liquid outflow pipe 7. The anti-deposition part 61 generates a certain amount of bubbles in the liquid outflow area to prevent sludge deposition.

[0057] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-phase separator, arranged in an ebullating bed reactor and used for gas-liquid-solid three-phase separation, characterized in that: include: The central guide tube receives the gaseous and liquid materials and the solid catalyst particles carried upward from the bottom of the reactor, and forms the first deflection of the liquid and solid materials at the top; An outer guide tube is sleeved outside the central guide tube, and the liquid and solid materials after the first deflection flow downward in the annular space between the outer guide tube and the reactor wall; The overflow baffle cylinder is sleeved between the central guide cylinder and the outer guide cylinder, and forms separation of liquid and solid materials and a second baffle of the liquid phase material at the lower end of the overflow baffle cylinder; forms a third baffle of the liquid phase material at the upper end of the overflow baffle cylinder, and the liquid phase material that has been baffled for the third time and descends is discharged from the liquid outlet pipe located at the lower part of the outer wall of the overflow baffle cylinder.

2. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the central guide tube is connected to the top end of the outer guide tube through an upper sealing baffle, and the upper sealing baffle is located above the top end of the overflow deflector tube and is inclined.

3. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central guide tube comprises an upper straight tube section and a lower expansion section.

4. The three-phase separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the third deflection, the liquid phase material is discharged to the liquid outlet pipe through the diversion buffer unit.

5. The three-phase separator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow guiding and buffering unit comprises: A curved baffle extending obliquely downward from the inner wall of the outer guide tube to alleviate excessively rapid inhalation of the liquid phase material after the third deflection; The guide buffer baffle is arranged at the bottom of the annular space between the outer guide tube and the overflow deflector tube, and is arranged downwardly from the distal end to the proximal end of the liquid outlet pipe, for receiving the drainage from the curved baffle and making the liquid flow rate in the annular space at the liquid outlet pipe uniform.

6. The three-phase separator according to claim 5, characterized in that: An anti-deposition portion is provided at the bottom of the guide buffer baffle, which is integrally formed with the guide buffer baffle and is an annular inflation space with a closed bottom. The guide buffer baffle serves as an upper cover of the annular inflation space and air holes are evenly opened at corresponding positions of the upper cover. By inflating air into the annular inflation space, bubbles generated at the air holes form turbulence for the liquid phase material on the guide buffer baffle.

7. The three-phase separator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the annular section of the upper end of the curved baffle is 110° to 120°; the inclination angle of the guide buffer baffle is 5° to 20°.

8. The three-phase separator according to claim 2, characterized in that: An exhaust pipe is provided above the third deflection position and at the connection between the upper sealing baffle and the central guide tube. The exhaust pipes are in multiple numbers and arranged in a ring array.

9. The three-phase separator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outlet of the exhaust pipe is located above the liquid level of the reactor.

10. A fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that: The three-phase separator according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is arranged in the fluidized bed reactor.

11. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: The reactor shell is a straight-cylindrical structure, a gas outlet pipe is arranged at the top center of the upper head of the straight-cylindrical structure, and a feed port is arranged at the bottom center of the lower head of the straight-cylindrical structure; the three-phase separator is arranged in the upper space inside the reactor shell.

12. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: A gas-liquid separator is arranged in the lower space of the reactor shell and below the catalyst bed.

13. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 11, characterized in that: A solid catalyst particle filling port is provided at the upper end cap position; a solid catalyst particle discharge port is provided at the lower end cap position.

14. The ebullated bed reactor according to claim 10, characterized in that: A guide portion is provided at a corresponding position on the lower end of the expansion section of the central guide tube of the three-phase separator. The guide portion is an annular protrusion structure or a folded plate structure arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the reactor.

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