Fertilizer composition and preparation method thereof
By using a variety of raw materials to prepare fertilizer compositions, the problem of low nutrients in traditional microbial fertilizers has been solved, the efficient, lasting and economic benefits of fertilizers are realized, and the needs of modern agriculture are met.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411776525.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
AI Technical Summary
Traditional microbial fertilizers have low nutrients and poor fertility due to single fermentation bacteria, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern agriculture.
Use a variety of raw materials such as beef dung, waste straw, plant ash, coconut bran, ammonium humus, cellulose, polygutine complex, biological fermentation material, urea, and antidote Fertilizers are made by mixed and fermentation.
Through the reasonable ratio of a variety of raw materials, the prepared fertilizers can provide rich nutrients for plants, improve the biological activity and fertilizer of the soil, reduce nutrient loss, and achieve the long -lasting effect of fertilizer efficiency and the efficiency of increased production.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and in particular to a fertilizer composition and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] As an important cornerstone of agricultural production, fertilizer has witnessed every leap forward in agricultural development. From the initial natural compost to modern chemical fertilizers, and then to the microbial fermentation fertilizers in the green ecological agriculture advocated today, the evolution of fertilizers not only reflects the progress of science and technology, but also reflects the human pursuit of the concept of harmonious coexistence with nature.
[0003] At present, fertilizers mainly include chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, among which chemical fertilizers have quickly occupied a dominant position in the market with their high efficiency and rapidity. They mainly include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and compound fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonia water can quickly replenish nitrogen in the soil and promote the growth of plant leaves; phosphorus fertilizers such as superphosphate can help plant root development and flower and fruit formation; potassium fertilizers can improve plant resistance, such as drought resistance and cold resistance. However, the long-term and large-scale use of chemical fertilizers will lead to problems such as soil structure destruction and water pollution, which is not suitable for long-term development.
[0004] Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and a variety of nutrients, which can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and promote healthy growth of crops. Compared with chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers have the advantages of long-lasting effectiveness and environmental friendliness, but organic fertilizers have a long production cycle and relatively low nutrient content, and need to be applied scientifically to achieve the best fertilizer effect.
[0005] Microbial fertilizers are fertilizers that use the life activities and metabolites of beneficial microorganisms to provide nutrition to plants or promote plant growth. They can not only supplement the beneficial microbial communities in the soil, but also improve the biological activity of the soil, promote the development of crop roots, and enhance the stress resistance of crops. Microbial fertilizers have the advantages of being environmentally friendly, pollution-free, and promoting ecological balance, and therefore have gradually become an important part of modern ecological agriculture. However, traditional microbial fertilizers are often fermented with a single fermentation bacteria, resulting in low nutrients and poor fertility in the fermented fertilizers, which are difficult to meet the needs of modern agriculture. Summary of the invention
[0006] 1. Technical issues to be resolved In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a fertilizer composition and a preparation method thereof.
[0007] (II) Technical solution A method for preparing a fertilizer composition, the fertilizer composition comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of waste straw, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of coconut bran, 2-4 parts of ammonium humate, 5-15 parts of cellulose, 2-5 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 2-4 parts of biological fermentation material, 5-15 parts of urea, and 1-3 parts of an anti-caking agent; The preparation method comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash, coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is evenly mixed and passed through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition; The anticaking agent consists of calcium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate and talc in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1:0.5-1.
[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the polyglutamic acid complex is as follows: Add polyglutamic acid to purified water and stir until completely dissolved. Then add inorganic salt to the resulting mixed solution. After adding, raise the temperature to 80-90°C and adjust the pH value to 6-7. After mechanically stirring and mixing for 4-8 hours, continue to add cyclodextrin to the mixed solution, then continue stirring for 1-2 hours, stop heating, cool and discharge the material to obtain the polyglutamic acid complex.
[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the inorganic salt is any one of ferric sulfate, ferric chloride or magnesium chloride.
[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the number average molecular weight of the polyglutamic acid is 5,000.
[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the biological fermentation material is as follows: Step S1, collecting food waste, sorting out impurities such as paper towels and plastics, and performing pretreatment operations; Step S2, adding the pretreated food waste to water at 50-60° C., stirring for 10-30 minutes, standing for 1-2 hours, skimming off floating oil and impurities, and then separating the solid food waste, crushing it, passing it through a sieve with a pore size of 1-2 mm, collecting the sieved solid material, adding it to water, stirring and mixing it to form a fermentation matrix material, and storing it in a temperature environment of 4-5° C.; Step S3, adding microbial agents to the fermentation matrix material, mechanically stirring, and then fermenting, controlling the stirring rate to 100-150rpm, the ventilation volume to 300-500vvm, the temperature to 50-55°C, and fermenting for 12-16h, sterilizing at a temperature of 80-90°C. After the sterilization treatment is completed, drying at a temperature of 60-80°C for 10-20min to obtain the biological fermentation material.
[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the solid content of the fermentation matrix material is 20-30%.
[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the microbial agent is formed by configuring Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens in a mass ratio of 1:0.8-1:0.6-0.8.
[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the number of viable bacteria of the microbial agent is 5×10 8 -6×10 8 CFU / g.
[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, in step S3, the sterilization treatment time is 30-60 minutes.
[0016] A fertilizer composition is prepared by the above preparation method.
[0017] 3. Beneficial technical effects (1) The present invention uses food waste as a fermentation source to carry out fermentation to prepare a biological fermentation material, which is used as one of the components of fertilizer. On the one hand, it can alleviate the processing pressure of food waste, so that the waste can be effectively processed, reduce waste, and realize the recycling of food waste, which is beneficial to environmental protection and resource conservation.
[0018] (2) The present invention prepares a polyglutamic acid complex as one of the components of the fertilizer. Polyglutamic acid, as a polyanionic polymer, can improve the cation exchange capacity of the soil, aggregate nutrients in the soil, and resist the loss of fertilizer efficiency caused by factors such as leaching, denitrification and evaporation, thereby achieving the effect of increasing fertilizer efficiency. By chelating iron ions, polyglutamic acid can be more effectively absorbed and utilized by plants, reducing nutrient loss, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of the fertilizer.
[0019] (3) Through the reasonable proportion of various ingredients, it can provide plants with rich and comprehensive nutrients, provide crops with comprehensive and balanced nutrients, and improve soil structure. After long-term use, it can improve the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Moreover, the fertilizer effect is rapid and long-lasting, and will not cause fertilizer damage. It has obvious effects of increasing production and saving costs, and comprehensively improves economic and social benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.
[0021] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of polyglutamic acid complex: 5 g of polyglutamic acid with a number average molecular weight of 5000 is added to purified water and stirred until completely dissolved. Then, 1 g of ferric sulfate is added to the resulting mixed solution. After the addition, the temperature is raised to 80°C and the pH value is adjusted to 6. After mechanical stirring and mixing for 6 hours, 0.5 g of cyclodextrin is added to the mixed solution. Then, stirring is continued for 1 hour. The heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered and the material is discharged to obtain a polyglutamic acid complex.
[0022] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of biological fermentation materials: Step S1, collecting food waste, sorting out impurities such as paper towels and plastics, and performing pretreatment operations; Step S2, adding the pretreated food waste to water at 60° C., stirring for 20 minutes, standing for 1 hour, skimming off floating oil and impurities, and then separating the solid food waste, crushing it, passing it through a sieve with a pore size of 1 mm, collecting the sieved solid material, adding it to water, stirring and mixing it, configuring it to form a fermentation matrix material with a solid content of 30%, and storing it in a temperature environment of 4° C.; Step S3, add microbial agents to the fermentation matrix material, stir mechanically, and then ferment. Control the stirring rate to 100 rpm, the ventilation volume to 500 vvm, and the temperature to 50°C. After fermentation for 12 hours, sterilize at 90°C for 40 minutes. After the sterilization treatment is completed, dry it at 60°C for 15 minutes to obtain the biological fermentation material.
[0023] The microbial agent was composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.8, and the number of viable bacteria was 5×10 8 CFU / g; the mass of microbial agent added is 5% of the total mass of fermentation matrix material.
[0024] Example 1 A fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of waste straw, 5 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of coconut bran, 2 parts of ammonium humate, 5 parts of cellulose, 2 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 2 parts of biological fermentation material, 5 parts of urea, and 1 part of anti-caking agent; The preparation method comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash, coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is evenly mixed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition; The preparation method of the polyglutamic acid complex is shown in Preparation Example 1; the preparation method of the biological fermentation material is shown in Preparation Example 2; the anti-caking agent is composed of calcium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate and talc in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5, and the same applies to the following.
[0025] Example 2 A fertilizer composition, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42 parts of cow dung, 23 parts of waste straw, 8 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of coconut bran, 2.5 parts of ammonium humate, 6 parts of cellulose, 3 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 2.5 parts of biological fermentation material, 8 parts of urea, and 1.5 parts of anticaking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is uniform and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0026] Example 3 A fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of waste straw, 8 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of coconut bran, 3 parts of ammonium humate, 8 parts of cellulose, 3.5 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 3 parts of biological fermentation material, 8 parts of urea, and 2 parts of anti-caking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is uniform and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0027] Example 4 A fertilizer composition, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of cow dung, 26 parts of waste straw, 12 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of coconut bran, 3.5 parts of ammonium humate, 12 parts of cellulose, 4.5 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 3.5 parts of biological fermentation material, 10 parts of urea, and 2.5 parts of anticaking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is uniform and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0028] Example 5 A fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of waste straw, 15 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of coconut bran, 4 parts of ammonium humate, 15 parts of cellulose, 5 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 4 parts of biological fermentation material, 15 parts of urea, and 3 parts of anti-caking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is uniform and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0029] Comparative Example 1 A fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of cow dung, 26 parts of waste straw, 12 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of coconut bran, 3.5 parts of ammonium humate, 12 parts of cellulose, 3.5 parts of biological fermentation material, 10 parts of urea, and 2.5 parts of anticaking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is evenly mixed and passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0030] Comparative Example 2 A fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of cow dung, 26 parts of waste straw, 12 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of coconut bran, 3.5 parts of ammonium humate, 12 parts of cellulose, 4.5 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 10 parts of urea, and 2.5 parts of anticaking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is uniform and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0031] Comparative Example 3 A fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of cow dung, 26 parts of waste straw, 12 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of coconut bran, 3.5 parts of ammonium humate, 12 parts of cellulose, 10 parts of urea, and 2.5 parts of an anticaking agent; The preparation method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the anti-caking agent and the mixed material, stir them evenly, and pass them through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition.
[0032] Test Case 90 tomato seedlings planted in a greenhouse were selected and divided into 9 groups, which were respectively set as Example 1 to Example 5 groups, Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 3 groups and a control group, with 10 plants in each group. The tomato seedlings in the corresponding groups were fertilized with the corresponding fertilizer composition, and the remaining groups were control experimental groups. After 1 month of greenhouse cultivation, the third side branch from the root was selected as a reference, the plant height was measured, and the weight was recorded to evaluate the effect of the fertilizer. The test results are recorded in the following table: Plant height / cm Weight / g / plant Example 1 135.4 621.4 Example 2 135.6 623.0 Example 3 135.9 623.5 Example 4 136.1 623.1 Example 5 135.6 622.8 Comparative Example 1 120.8 598.7 Comparative Example 2 112.5 587.0 Comparative Example 3 98.4 521.9 Control group 80.1 480.4 In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0033] Based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention, through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a fertilizer composition, characterized in that: The fertilizer composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of waste straw, 5-15 parts of plant ash, 5-10 parts of coconut bran, 2-4 parts of ammonium humate, 5-15 parts of cellulose, 2-5 parts of polyglutamic acid complex, 2-4 parts of biological fermentation material, 5-15 parts of urea, and 1-3 parts of anticaking agent; The preparation method comprises the following steps: The first step is to weigh each raw material according to the weight, then mix cow dung, waste straw, wood ash, coconut bran, ammonium humate, cellulose and urea evenly, and dry them naturally to form a mixture; The second step is to stir and mix the polyglutamic acid complex, the biological fermentation material and the mixed material, and then add the anti-caking agent and stir until the mixture is evenly mixed and passed through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain a fertilizer composition; The anticaking agent consists of calcium silicate, sodium hexametaphosphate and talc in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1:0.5-1.
2. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polyglutamic acid complex is as follows: Add polyglutamic acid to purified water and stir until completely dissolved. Then add inorganic salt to the resulting mixed solution. After adding, raise the temperature to 80-90°C and adjust the pH value to 6-7. After mechanically stirring and mixing for 4-8 hours, continue to add cyclodextrin to the mixed solution, then continue stirring for 1-2 hours, stop heating, cool and discharge the material to obtain the polyglutamic acid complex.
3. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inorganic salt is any one of ferric sulfate, ferric chloride or magnesium chloride.
4. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number average molecular weight of the polyglutamic acid is 5000.
5. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the biological fermentation material is as follows: Step S1, collecting food waste, sorting out impurities such as paper towels and plastics, and performing pretreatment operations; Step S2, adding the pretreated food waste to water at 50-60° C., stirring for 10-30 minutes, standing for 1-2 hours, skimming off floating oil and impurities, and then separating the solid food waste, crushing it, passing it through a sieve with a pore size of 1-2 mm, collecting the sieved solid material, adding it to water, stirring and mixing it to form a fermentation matrix material, and storing it in a temperature environment of 4-5° C.; Step S3, adding microbial agents to the fermentation matrix material, mechanically stirring, and then fermenting, controlling the stirring rate to 100-150rpm, the ventilation volume to 300-500vvm, the temperature to 50-55°C, and fermenting for 12-16h, sterilizing at a temperature of 80-90°C. After the sterilization treatment is completed, drying at a temperature of 60-80°C for 10-20min to obtain the biological fermentation material.
6. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the solid content of the fermentation matrix material is 20-30%.
7. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the microbial agent is formed by configuring Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens in a mass ratio of 1:0.8-1:0.6-0.
8.
8. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the viable count of the microbial agent is 5×10 8 -6×10 8 CFU / g.
9. The method for preparing a fertilizer composition according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the sterilization treatment time is 30-60 minutes.
10. A fertilizer composition, characterized in that The method is prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 9.