Cultivation method for improving quality and yield of intercropped corn

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn, and relates to the technical field of corn planting.The cultivation method comprises the following steps that a corn and soybean intercropping mode of 3: 2 is adopted, the corn line spacing is controlled to be 55-65 cm, the soybean line spacing is controlled to be 35-45 cm, and the distance between corn and soybeans is controlled to be 45-55 cm; the ratio of the corn planting density to the soybean planting density is controlled to be 1: 3, and basil and borage are planted at intervals in an auxiliary mode; performing soil deep ploughing after harvesting in autumn; according to the method, the corn and the soybeans are intercropped, the intercropping mode is reasonably controlled, the legume crops can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into nitrogen fertilizer capable of being absorbed by plants through the nitrogen fixation effect, necessary nitrogen elements are provided for the corn, growth and development of the corn are promoted, and the root systems of the legume crops can improve the soil structure and improve the fertility and breathability of the soil; growth of corn root systems and nutrient absorption are facilitated, so that the quality and the yield of the corn are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, and in particular to a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn. Background Art

[0002] Corn is an important annual tall herb and one of the most widely grown cereals in the world. It has an upright stem, usually unbranched, long and large leaves, unisexual and monoecious flowers, spherical or oblate caryopsis, which exposes the glumes and palea after maturity. The seeds are slightly larger than soybeans, and the dent and hard grain types are widely cultivated. As a crop, corn has a short growth period, requires a warm and rainy environment, consumes a lot of water, and is sensitive to the first frost in autumn. In addition, corn is not only edible for humans, but also can be used as animal feed and industrial raw materials. Its rich vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber also have certain medical and health value.

[0003] The existing problems with corn quality and yield mainly include: on the one hand, with the increase of planting years and the continuous changes in the environment, some corn varieties have degenerated, resulting in a decrease in resistance to diseases and pests, and are susceptible to the influence of the planting environment, which in turn affects the yield and quality of corn; on the other hand, despite the continuous advancement of corn planting technology, the single planting of corn varieties also increases the risk of disease and pest outbreaks, posing a potential threat to corn yield and quality. Therefore, the present invention proposes a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn. The cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn intercrops corn and soybeans, and reasonably controls the intercropping pattern and legume crops. The legume crops can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into nitrogen fertilizer that can be absorbed by plants through nitrogen fixation, thereby providing the necessary nitrogen element for corn and promoting its growth and development.

[0005] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Adopting a 3:2 intercropping pattern of corn and soybean, the row spacing of corn is controlled to be 55-65cm, the row spacing of soybean is controlled to be 35-45cm, and the spacing between corn and soybean is controlled to be 45-55cm;

[0007] S2: Control the planting density ratio of corn to soybean at 1:3, and plant basil and borage at intervals;

[0008] S3: Deeply plow the soil after harvest in autumn, apply decomposed organic fertilizer and adjust the pH before sowing;

[0009] S4: Precise fertilization and irrigation according to crop growth stages;

[0010] S5: Adopt green control strategies that combine agricultural control, biological control and chemical control to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases;

[0011] S6: Carry out field management, including tillage and weeding, checking and replenishing seedlings, and timely harvesting.

[0012] A further improvement is that in S1, the 3:2 intercropping pattern of corn and soybeans means that for every 3 rows of corn planted, 2 rows of soybeans are planted.

[0013] A further improvement is that: S2 comprises the following steps:

[0014] The planting density of corn is controlled at 50,000-70,000 plants per hectare, and the planting density of soybean is controlled at 150,000-210,000 plants per hectare;

[0015] In plots with fertile soil and sufficient sunlight, increase the planting density; in plots with poor soil and insufficient sunlight, reduce the planting density;

[0016] Among the corn plants, 100-150 basil plants are planted scattered around per hectare;

[0017] In soybean cultivation, 300-450 borage plants are planted per hectare in scattered auxiliary plantings.

[0018] A further improvement is that: S3 comprises the following steps:

[0019] Deep tillage after harvest in autumn to a depth of at least 30 cm to improve soil structure;

[0020] Before sowing, apply 2000-2100kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to increase the organic matter content of the soil;

[0021] Test the soil. If the pH value is lower than 6.0, apply 50-100 kg of lime per mu to adjust the soil pH.

[0022] After all is completed, sowing is carried out according to the plans of S1 and S2.

[0023] A further improvement is that: said S4 comprises the following steps:

[0024] Apply 45-55kg compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15 per mu as base fertilizer to meet the nutrients in the early stage of crop growth;

[0025] During the jointing stage of corn, apply 10-20 kg of urea per mu, and during the flowering stage of soybean, apply 15-25 kg of superphosphate per mu to ensure nutrient supply during the critical growth period;

[0026] A drip irrigation system is used to provide precise irrigation based on the crop growth stage and soil moisture conditions.

[0027] Further improvements are: during the vigorous growth period of corn: from jointing to filling stage, irrigation is carried out every 5-7 days, and during the vigorous growth period of soybeans: from flowering to podding stage, irrigation is carried out every 7-10 days. The amount of irrigation each time is determined according to the soil moisture content and the water requirement of the crop.

[0028] A further improvement is that: S5 comprises the following steps:

[0029] In each crop cycle, corn is rotated with soybeans and wheat crops. After the crops are harvested, deep plowing is carried out to turn the pests and diseases residues in the soil into the deep soil layer. At the same time, weeds in the field are regularly removed.

[0030] Release natural enemy insects to control corn pests, use sex attractants to kill adult insects, and reduce pest populations;

[0031] In the early stages of pests and diseases, use low-toxic chemical pesticides for prevention and control, and alternate between pesticides with different mechanisms of action.

[0032] Further improvements include: during crop rotation, after two cycles of soybeans, one cycle of wheat is intercropped; during chemical control, a mechanism of combining and alternating the use of avermectin, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole is selected; when applying pesticides, a combination of sprayers and drones is used to accurately spray the pesticides on the target crops.

[0033] A further improvement is that: S6 comprises the following steps:

[0034] Carry out 2-3 times of weeding and weeding in the early growth period of corn and soybean to keep the soil loose;

[0035] Check the seedlings after they emerge, replant or transplant the missing seedlings to control the uniform density of crops;

[0036] Harvest at the right time according to crop maturity.

[0037] A further improvement is that when wheat and corn are intercropped in crop rotation, 3-5 inter-row cultivation and weeding are carried out in the early growth stage.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] 1. The present invention intercrops corn and soybeans, and reasonably controls the intercropping pattern and bean crops, which can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into nitrogen fertilizer that can be absorbed by plants through nitrogen fixation, provide necessary nitrogen elements for corn, and promote its growth and development. The root system of bean crops can also improve the soil structure, improve the fertility and air permeability of the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of the corn root system and the absorption of nutrients, thereby greatly enhancing the quality and yield of corn.

[0040] 2. The present invention assists in planting basil and borage at intervals. The aroma of basil can drive away corn pests and reduce the threat of pests to corn. Borage can attract beneficial insects for pollination and also kill pests, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of corn. Therefore, the characteristics of the plants themselves are utilized to reduce pests and diseases, reduce the application of pesticides, enhance the stability of the ecosystem, and further improve the quality of corn.

[0041] 3. The present invention simultaneously carries out soil management, fertilization and irrigation, and pest and disease control while intercropping, thereby improving the growth environment of crops. Precise fertilization and irrigation improve the utilization efficiency of land and water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Adopt a 3:2 intercropping pattern of corn and soybeans, control the corn row spacing to 55-65cm, the soybean row spacing to 35-45cm, and the spacing between corn and soybeans to 45-55cm;

[0047] The planting density of corn and soybean was controlled at a ratio of 1:3, and basil and borage were planted at intervals;

[0048] After the autumn harvest, the soil is deep-turned. Before sowing, well-rotted organic fertilizer is applied and the pH is adjusted, followed by sowing.

[0049] Precise fertilization and irrigation according to crop growth stages;

[0050] Adopt green prevention and control strategies that combine agricultural prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases;

[0051] Carry out field management, including tillage and weeding, checking and replenishing seedlings, and timely harvesting.

[0052] The present invention significantly improves the yield of intercropped corn by optimizing intercropping patterns, soil management, fertilization and irrigation, and pest and disease control. Reasonable intercropping patterns and soil management improve the growth environment of crops and improve the quality of corn. Wide and narrow row planting patterns and precise fertilization and irrigation improve the utilization efficiency of land and water resources. The biodiversity of intercropped crops enhances the stability of the ecosystem and improves the stress resistance of crops.

[0053] Embodiment 2

[0054] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1: Adopt the intercropping pattern of corn and soybean in a ratio of 3:2, plant 2 rows of soybeans for every 3 rows of corn, control the row spacing of corn to 60cm, the row spacing of soybean to 40cm, and the spacing between corn and soybean to 55cm. This pattern can effectively utilize light energy and reduce the competition for nutrients and water between crops.

[0056] S2: Control the planting density of corn and soybeans at a ratio of 1:3, and assist in planting basil and borage at intervals; specifically include the following steps: Control the planting density of corn to 60,000 plants per hectare, and control the planting density of soybeans to 180,000 plants per hectare; Increase the planting density in plots with fertile soil and sufficient light, and reduce the planting density in plots with poor soil and insufficient light; Plant 125 basil plants per hectare in the corn planting; Plant 400 borage plants per hectare in the soybean planting. The planting density of corn is 60,000 plants per hectare, and that of soybeans is 180,000 plants per hectare. The appropriate planting density can ensure that the crops have enough growth space, while improving the utilization rate of light energy and yield; The aroma of basil can drive away corn pests and reduce the threat of pests to corn. Borage can attract beneficial insects for pollination and also kill pests, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of corn. Thus, the characteristics of plants themselves are utilized to reduce pests and diseases, reduce the application of pesticides, and enhance the stability of the ecosystem.

[0057] S3: Deeply plow the soil after the autumn harvest, apply decomposed organic fertilizer and adjust the pH before sowing, and then sow; specifically include the following steps: Deeply plow the soil after the autumn harvest, the depth is at least 30cm to improve the soil structure; before sowing, apply 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to increase the organic matter content of the soil; test the soil, according to the soil test results, when the pH value is lower than 6.0, apply 80kg of lime per mu to adjust the soil acidity and alkalinity; after all are completed, sow according to the plans of S1 and S2. Improve soil structure and promote root growth; increase soil organic matter content and improve soil environment; adjust soil acidity and alkalinity to promote crop growth.

[0058] S4: Precise fertilization and irrigation according to the crop growth stage; specifically includes the following steps: Apply 45-55kg compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15 per mu as base fertilizer to meet the nutrients in the early growth period of crops; Apply 10-20kg urea per mu during the jointing stage of corn, and 15-25kg superphosphate per mu during the flowering stage of soybeans to ensure the supply of nutrients during the critical growth period; Use a drip irrigation system to irrigate accurately according to the crop growth stage and soil moisture conditions. During the vigorous growth period of corn: from jointing to filling period, irrigate once every 5-7 days, and during the vigorous growth period of soybeans: from flowering to pod setting period, irrigate once every 7-10 days, and the amount of each irrigation is determined according to the soil moisture content and crop water requirement. Meet the nutrient needs of crops in the early growth period; Ensure the nutrient supply during the critical growth period of crops; Use soil moisture sensors or soil moisture meters to monitor the moisture content in the soil. These tools can provide real-time soil moisture data, which helps to accurately control the amount of irrigation. Depending on the soil texture, the soil's ability to hold and release water will vary. Therefore, when monitoring soil moisture, consider the effect of soil texture. Determine the appropriate soil moisture range for the crop, which is the range between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP). Field capacity is the maximum amount of water that the soil can hold, while the permanent wilting point is the amount of water at which the crop begins to experience water stress. At different stages of crop growth, adjust the threshold of soil moisture according to the crop's growth stage. Crop transpiration is the amount of water lost by the crop through the leaf surface, which is affected by climatic conditions such as light, temperature, humidity and wind speed. Use meteorological data and the calculation formula for crop transpiration to estimate crop transpiration. Crops at different growth stages also have different water requirements. For example, during the jointing to grain filling period of corn, the crop grows vigorously and requires a large amount of water; while during the flowering to podding period of soybeans, sufficient water is also required to support the growth and development of the crop. Adjust the irrigation amount and frequency to meet the crop's water needs according to the crop's growth stage and physiological characteristics. Combine the information of soil moisture content and crop water requirement to develop an irrigation plan. The irrigation plan should include elements such as irrigation time, irrigation amount, and irrigation frequency. When developing an irrigation plan, consider factors such as rainfall conditions, the performance of the irrigation system, and the source and quality of irrigation water. In the actual irrigation process, adjust the irrigation amount according to soil moisture monitoring data and crop growth conditions. If the soil moisture is below the appropriate range, increase the irrigation amount; if the soil moisture is too high, reduce the irrigation amount or stop irrigation. At the same time, adjust the irrigation plan in time according to weather changes and changes in crop growth stages.

[0059] S5: Adopt a green control strategy that combines agricultural control, biological control and chemical control to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases; specifically, the following steps are included: In each crop cycle, corn is rotated with soybeans and wheat crops. After the crops are harvested, deep plowing is carried out to turn the pest and disease residues in the soil into the deep soil. At the same time, weeds in the field are regularly removed; natural enemy insects are released to control corn pests, and sex attractants are used to kill adult insects to reduce the number of pest populations; in the early stage of pests and diseases, low-toxic chemical pesticides are used for control, and pesticide varieties with different mechanisms of action are used alternately. When rotating crops, intercrop two cycles of soybeans and then intercrop one cycle of wheat; when chemical control is used, a mechanism of combining and alternating the use of avermectin, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole is selected. When applying pesticides, a combination of sprayers and drones is used to accurately spray pesticides on target crops. The base number of pests and diseases can be reduced through reasonable rotation, deep plowing and stubble removal, and field weed removal. Release natural enemy insects (such as trichogrammatids) to control corn borers and other pests, use sex attractants to kill adult insects, and reduce the number of pest populations. In the early stages of pests and diseases, use low-toxic, high-efficiency, low-residue chemical pesticides for prevention and control, and pay attention to alternating the use of pesticides to avoid the development of drug resistance.

[0060] S6: Carry out field management, including intertillage and weeding, checking and replanting seedlings, and timely harvesting. Specifically, the following steps are included: 2-3 intertillage and weeding in the early growth stage of corn and soybeans to keep the soil loose; check the seedlings after emergence, replant or transplant the missing seedlings, and control the uniform density of crops; harvest in time according to the maturity of the crops. When wheat and corn are intercropped, 3-5 intertillage and weeding are carried out in the early growth stage. Carry out several intertillage and weeding in the early growth stage of corn and soybeans to keep the soil loose and promote root growth. Check the seedlings in time after emergence, replant or transplant the missing seedlings in time to ensure uniform crop density, and harvest in time according to the maturity of the crops to avoid yield and quality losses caused by harvesting too early or too late.

[0061] Verification example:

[0062] Corn yield per hectare Corn quality Cultivation method of the present invention 8000 to 10000 kg Full grains, less pests and diseases Existing common cultivation methods 6000 to 9000 kg The grains are shriveled and have many diseases and insect pests.

[0063] The cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn intercrops corn and soybeans, and reasonably controls the intercropping pattern and legumes to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen fertilizer that can be absorbed by plants through nitrogen fixation, provides necessary nitrogen elements for corn, promotes its growth and development, and the root system of legumes can also improve soil structure, improve soil fertility and air permeability, is conducive to the growth of corn root system and the absorption of nutrients, thereby greatly enhancing the quality and yield of corn, and auxiliary interval planting basil and borage, the fragrance of basil can drive corn pests, reduce the threat of insect pests to corn, borage can attract beneficial insects to pollinate, and also can eliminate pests, is conducive to the healthy growth of corn, thus, utilizes the characteristics of the plant itself, reduces pests and diseases, reduces the application of pesticides, enhances the stability of the ecosystem, and further improves the quality of corn. At the same time, the present invention, while intercropping, simultaneously carries out soil management, fertilization irrigation and pest control and prevention and control and other means, improves the growth environment of crops, and accurate fertilization irrigation improves the utilization efficiency of land and water resources.

[0064] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Adopting a 3:2 intercropping pattern of corn and soybean, the row spacing of corn is controlled to be 55-65cm, the row spacing of soybean is controlled to be 35-45cm, and the spacing between corn and soybean is controlled to be 45-55cm; S2: Control the planting density ratio of corn to soybean at 1:3, and plant basil and borage at intervals; S3: Deeply plow the soil after harvest in autumn, apply decomposed organic fertilizer and adjust the pH before sowing; S4: Precise fertilization and irrigation according to crop growth stages; S5: Adopt green control strategies that combine agricultural control, biological control and chemical control to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases; S6: Carry out field management, including tillage and weeding, checking and replenishing seedlings, and timely harvesting.

2. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the 3:2 intercropping pattern of corn and soybeans means that for every 3 rows of corn planted, 2 rows of soybeans are planted.

3. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 comprises the following steps: The planting density of corn is controlled at 50,000-70,000 plants per hectare, and the planting density of soybean is controlled at 150,000-210,000 plants per hectare; In plots with fertile soil and sufficient sunlight, increase the planting density; in plots with poor soil and insufficient sunlight, reduce the planting density; Among the corn plants, 100-150 basil plants are planted scattered around per hectare; In soybean cultivation, 300-450 borage plants are planted per hectare in scattered auxiliary plantings.

4. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 comprises the following steps: Deep tillage after harvest in autumn to a depth of at least 30 cm to improve soil structure; Before sowing, apply 2000-2100kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu to increase the organic matter content of the soil; Test the soil. If the pH value is lower than 6.0, apply 50-100 kg of lime per mu to adjust the soil pH. After all is completed, sowing is carried out according to the plans of S1 and S2.

5. The method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 comprises the following steps: Apply 45-55kg compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15 per mu as base fertilizer to meet the nutrients in the early stage of crop growth; During the jointing stage of corn, apply 10-20 kg of urea per mu, and during the flowering stage of soybean, apply 15-25 kg of superphosphate per mu to ensure nutrient supply during the critical growth period; A drip irrigation system is used to provide precise irrigation according to the crop growth stage and soil moisture conditions.

6. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the vigorous growth period of corn: from jointing to filling stage, irrigation is done every 5-7 days. During the vigorous growth period of soybeans: from flowering to podding stage, irrigation is done every 7-10 days. The amount of irrigation each time is determined based on the soil moisture content and crop water requirement.

7. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 comprises the following steps: In each crop cycle, corn is rotated with soybeans and wheat crops. After the crops are harvested, deep plowing is carried out to turn the pests and diseases residues in the soil into the deep soil layer. At the same time, weeds in the field are regularly removed. Release natural enemy insects to control corn pests, use sex attractants to kill adult insects, and reduce pest populations; In the early stages of pests and diseases, use low-toxic chemical pesticides for prevention and control, and alternate between pesticides with different mechanisms of action.

8. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 7, characterized in that: During crop rotation, after two cycles of soybeans, one cycle of wheat is intercropped; during chemical control, a mechanism of combining and alternating the use of avermectin, imidacloprid, and chlorantraniliprole is selected; when applying pesticides, a combination of sprayers and drones is used to accurately spray the pesticides on the target crops.

9. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 7, characterized in that: The S6 comprises the following steps: Carry out 2-3 times of weeding and weeding in the early growth period of corn and soybean to keep the soil loose; Check the seedlings after they emerge, replant or transplant the missing seedlings to control the uniform density of crops; Harvest at the right time according to crop maturity.

10. A cultivation method for improving the quality and yield of intercropped corn according to claim 9, characterized in that: When intercropping wheat and corn, carry out 3-5 tillage and weeding in the early growth stage.

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