Selenium-rich feed for relieving vomitoxin toxicity of domestic rabbits

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-rich feed for relieving vomitoxin toxicity of rabbits, and relates to the technical field of feeds, the selenium-rich feed can effectively neutralize the vomitoxin toxicity in the rabbits by increasing the addition amount of selenium, and when a coating layer made of corn is used for feeding the rabbits, the precipitation speed of a selenium additive can be reduced, sudden increase of the selenium content in the rabbits can be avoided, and the yield of the rabbits can be improved. The selenium poisoning is caused. And the coating layer can also cover the smell of the selenium-rich inner core, so that the palatability of the feed is improved. Part of selenium is consumed after free radicals generated by vomitoxin induction are removed, and the remaining selenium is used as a supplement and can maintain the normal growth speed, body temperature regulation and other physiological functions of the rabbits and enhance the immune function of the rabbits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a selenium-rich feed capable of alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits. Background Art

[0002] Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecenes toxin, mainly produced by Fusarium, which has multiple toxicities to humans and animals. Under suitable environmental conditions, Fusarium can grow and reproduce on feed raw materials such as grains. For example, during the growth of grains such as wheat, corn, and barley, if there is humid weather, especially when there is a lot of rainfall before and after the harvest season, Fusarium can easily infect the grains. Many feeds made from grains are not stored properly, which can easily lead to an increase in the DON content in the feed. After feeding animals with grains or feeds with high DON, the DON content in the animals will increase significantly. Especially for rabbits, the staple and supplementary food of rabbits are silage, hay, and compound feed prepared mainly from grains. These feeds are easily infected by Fusarium.

[0003] At present, the pollution of feed raw materials is quite serious, and mycotoxins seriously threaten the production performance of animals and human health. Selenium is an important component of antioxidant enzymes (such as glutathione peroxidase) in animals. Appropriate addition of selenium can enhance the antioxidant capacity of animals and help remove free radicals induced by vomitoxin. Thereby maintaining the normal function of the antioxidant enzyme system in animals and reducing the oxidative damage of toxins to cells. However, the commonly used selenium supplement is sodium selenite, which is highly toxic. Excessive intake of selenium can easily cause selenium poisoning in rabbits. The amount of selenium needs to be strictly determined according to the DON content. However, in batch breeding, the DON content in each rabbit may be different, and it is very troublesome to control the intake of selenium. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a selenium-rich feed which is suitable for daily feeding and can effectively alleviate the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] Provided is a selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits, comprising 0.25 to 0.4 parts of a selenium additive, 5 to 8 parts of corn, 15 to 19 parts of dry alfalfa, 10 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of earthworms;

[0007] The feed is a granular feed, including a selenium-rich inner core made of selenium additives and carriers, a coating layer made of corn on the surface of the selenium-rich inner core, and a granular outer layer made of alfalfa, soybean meal, wheat bran and earthworms.

[0008] Furthermore, it includes 0.3 to 0.4 parts of organic selenium, 5 to 8 parts of corn, 15 to 19 parts of alfalfa, 10 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of earthworms.

[0009] Furthermore, it includes 0.25 to 0.3 parts of sodium selenite, 5 to 8 parts of corn, 15 to 19 parts of alfalfa, 10 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of earthworms.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific preparation method of the feed is:

[0011] A1: Grind half of the soybean meal in the ingredients to obtain a carrier; evenly mix the organic selenium into the carrier, and then use wet granulation to obtain a selenium-rich core;

[0012] A2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles;

[0013] A3: preparing earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder from earthworms;

[0014] A4: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran and the remaining half of soybean meal, add coated particles and earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder, mix well and press into blocks to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific preparation method of the feed is:

[0016] B1: Grind and mix half of the soybean meal and 1 to 3 parts of earthworms to obtain a carrier; evenly mix sodium selenite into the carrier, and then wet granulate to obtain a selenium-rich core;

[0017] B2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles;

[0018] B3: preparing earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder from the remaining earthworms;

[0019] B4: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran and the remaining half of soybean meal, add coated particles and earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder, mix well and press into blocks to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0020] Furthermore, the preparation method of earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder is: crush and grind the earthworms, add a bacterial agent that degrades vomitoxin, mix and ferment and enzymatically hydrolyze to obtain a fermentation liquid; vacuum freeze-dry the fermentation liquid to obtain earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder.

[0021] Furthermore, the mass ratio of earthworms to Bacillus subtilis powder is 100:1-2.

[0022] Furthermore, the specific preparation method of the feed is:

[0023] C1: Grind half of the soybean meal in the ingredients to obtain a carrier; evenly mix the organic selenium into the carrier, and then use wet granulation to obtain a selenium-rich core;

[0024] C2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles;

[0025] C3: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran, the remaining half of soybean meal, and earthworms, add bacteria that can degrade vomitoxin, mix well, and perform composting and fermentation;

[0026] C4: The water content of the fermented product obtained in step C3 is adjusted to 20%, and the coated particles are added, mixed evenly, and granulated to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific preparation method of the feed is:

[0028] D1: Grind half of the soybean meal in the ingredients, add 0.3-0.4 parts of sodium selenite and organic selenium conversion bacteria to it, mix evenly and then pile and ferment, and wet granulate the fermented product to obtain selenium-rich inner core;

[0029] D2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles;

[0030] D3: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran, the remaining half of soybean meal, and earthworms, add bacteria that can degrade vomitoxin, and perform composting and fermentation;

[0031] D4: Adjust the moisture content of the fermented material to 20%, add the coated particles, mix well and granulate to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0032] Furthermore, the fermentation parameters are: temperature 30-37°C, humidity 60-68%, and fermentation 12h-48h.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] The present invention can effectively neutralize the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits by increasing the amount of selenium added, and the coating layer made of corn can reduce the precipitation rate of selenium additives when feeding rabbits, avoiding a sudden increase in selenium content in rabbits, which leads to selenium poisoning. The coating layer can also cover up the smell of the selenium-rich core and increase the palatability of the feed. Part of the selenium is consumed after removing the free radicals induced by vomitoxin, and the remaining selenium can be used as a supplement to maintain the normal growth rate and physiological functions of rabbits such as temperature regulation, and enhance the immune function of rabbits.

[0035] The addition and use of earthworms, as antagonists of selenium and vomitoxin, can reduce the toxicity of selenium and vomitoxin, provide rich protein, and provide nutrition while avoiding the toxicity of excess selenium when there is less vomitoxin in the rabbit's body.

[0036] The present invention adopts a preparation method, including fermentation, coating, and granulation, which can reduce the vomitoxin in the raw material and prevent rabbits from ingesting more vomitoxin. At the same time, the outer layer of the granules is prepared by fermentation, so that yeast cell walls are produced in the outer layer of the granules, which are used to adsorb vomitoxin, so that the sustained-release selenium preferentially contacts the vomitoxin, and the selenium and the vomitoxin react to alleviate the toxicity of the vomitoxin. When the amount of vomitoxin is small, the yeast cell wall can also serve as a selenium adsorbent to reduce the toxicity of selenium.

[0037] By adopting organic selenium or using organic selenium conversion bacteria to convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium, the toxicity of selenium can be reduced, so that rabbits do not need to worry about selenium poisoning when consuming feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention, but it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the present invention are protected. The embodiments of the present invention are only illustrative of the present invention, but not limiting. The various experimental operations involved in the present invention are all conventional techniques in the art. For the parts not specifically described in the text, those of ordinary skill in the art can refer to various commonly used reference books, scientific and technological literature or related specifications, manuals, etc. before the application date of the present invention for implementation. The raw materials not specifically described are all raw materials purchased from ordinary businesses.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The selenium-enriched feed was prepared by the following method:

[0041] A1: Grind 5-7 parts of soybean meal to obtain a carrier; evenly mix 0.3-0.4 parts of selenomethionine into the carrier, and then wet granulate to obtain a selenium-enriched core; in the specific implementation, the organic selenium can also be Angel selenium-enriched yeast;

[0042] A2: 5 to 8 portions of corn are washed, drained, ground and sieved to obtain a coating solution, and the selenium-rich core is coated to obtain coated particles; the coating layer thickness is about 0.8 mm;

[0043] A3: 8 parts of earthworms were crushed and ground, 0.08 parts of Bacillus subtilis GXKCU1 were added, the mixture was evenly mixed, and the mixture was fermented at a temperature of 30-37° C. and a humidity of 60-68% for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation liquid; the fermentation liquid was vacuum freeze-dried to obtain earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder;

[0044] The bacterial agent for degrading vomitoxin may also use other bacterial agents capable of degrading vomitoxin, such as Bacillus Velezii T, Enterococcus faecium GXSCU1, Bacillus licheniformis, etc.;

[0045] A4: Crush and grind 15 to 19 parts of alfalfa, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 5 to 7 parts of soybean meal, add coated particles and earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder, mix well and press into blocks to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The selenium-enriched feed was prepared by the following method:

[0048] B1: Grind and mix 5 to 7 parts of soybean meal and 1 to 3 parts of earthworms to obtain a carrier; evenly mix 0.25 to 0.3 parts of sodium selenite into the carrier, and then wet granulate to obtain a selenium-rich core;

[0049] B2: 5 to 8 portions of corn are washed, drained, ground and sieved to obtain a coating solution, and the selenium-rich core is coated to obtain coated particles; the coating layer thickness is about 0.8 mm;

[0050] B3: 5-7 parts of earthworms are crushed and ground, 0.05-0.07 parts of Bacillus subtilis GXKCU1 are added, the mixture is evenly mixed, and the mixture is fermented at a temperature of 30-37° C. and a humidity of 60-68% for 24 hours to obtain a fermentation liquid; the fermentation liquid is vacuum freeze-dried to obtain earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder;

[0051] The bacterial agent for degrading vomitoxin may also use other bacterial agents capable of degrading vomitoxin, such as Bacillus Velezii T, Enterococcus faecium GXSCU1, Bacillus licheniformis, etc.;

[0052] B4: Crush and grind 15 to 19 parts of alfalfa, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 5 to 7 parts of soybean meal, add coated particles and earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder, mix well and press into blocks to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The selenium-enriched feed was prepared by the following method:

[0055] C1: Grind 5-7 parts of soybean meal to obtain a carrier; evenly mix 0.3-0.4 parts of L-selenium-methylselenocysteine ​​into the carrier, and then wet granulate to obtain a selenium-rich core; in the specific implementation, the organic selenium can also be Angel selenium-rich yeast;

[0056] C2: 5 to 8 portions of corn are washed, drained, ground and sieved to obtain a coating solution, and the selenium-rich core is coated to obtain coated particles; the coating layer thickness is about 0.8 mm;

[0057] C3: 15-19 parts of alfalfa, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 5-7 parts of soybean meal and 8 parts of earthworms were crushed and ground, and 3.6-4.4 parts of Bacillus subtilis GXKCU1 were added, mixed evenly, and then fermented at a temperature of 30-37°C and a humidity of 60-68% for 24 hours;

[0058] The bacterial agent for degrading vomitoxin may also use other bacterial agents capable of degrading vomitoxin, such as Bacillus Velezii T, Enterococcus faecium GXSCU1, Bacillus licheniformis, etc.;

[0059] C4: The water content of the fermented product obtained in step C3 is adjusted to 20%, and the coated particles obtained in step C2 are added, mixed evenly and granulated to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] The selenium-enriched feed was prepared by the following method:

[0062] D1: Grind 5 to 7 parts of soybean meal to obtain a carrier; uniformly mix 0.3 to 0.4 parts of sodium selenite and selenium-enriched Bacillus pumilus D1-019, then pile and ferment, and wet granulate the fermented product to obtain a selenium-enriched core; in specific implementation, the organic selenium conversion agent can also be red bacteria selenopeptidase, selenium-enriched Lactobacillus gasseri agent, selenium-enriched yeast agent, etc.;

[0063] D2: 5 to 8 portions of corn are washed, drained, ground and sieved to obtain a coating solution, and the selenium-rich core is coated to obtain coated particles; the coating layer thickness is about 0.8 mm;

[0064] D3: 15-19 parts of alfalfa, 8-10 parts of wheat bran, 5-7 parts of soybean meal and 8 parts of earthworms were crushed and ground, and 3.6-4.4 parts of Bacillus subtilis GXKCU1 were added, mixed evenly, and then fermented at a temperature of 30-37°C and a humidity of 60-68% for 24 hours;

[0065] The bacterial agent for degrading vomitoxin may also use other bacterial agents capable of degrading vomitoxin, such as Bacillus Velezii T, Enterococcus faecium GXSCU1, Bacillus licheniformis, etc.;

[0066] D4: The water content of the fermented product obtained in step D3 is adjusted to 20%, and the coated particles obtained in step D2 are added, mixed evenly and granulated to obtain selenium-rich feed.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] The selenium-rich feed prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was used to conduct a feeding test on rabbits. The test rabbits were healthy 6-month-old rabbits purchased from a local rabbit farm. A test group and a control group were set up, with 6 rabbits in each group, including 3 female rabbits and 3 male rabbits; each group was fed 150g of feed in the morning and evening each day, with unlimited water supply; the test lasted for 30 days. Among them, test groups 1 to 4 were fed the selenium-rich feed prepared in Examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the control group was fed with commercially available premixes. Before the test, the rabbit houses and rabbit cages were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. During the test, the rabbits were allowed to eat and drink freely, and the house was cleaned every day. Various records were kept, and the daily feed intake, daily water intake, and whether selenium poisoning symptoms occurred in each group of rabbits were counted. The results are shown in Table 1;

[0069] Table 1

[0070]

[0071] As shown in Table 1, the feed prepared by the present invention has a small difference in the amount of food intake of rabbits compared with the existing commercial premix, but the daily water intake is partially increased, especially in the test group 2 of Example 2, and the mental state of rabbits in the experimental group 2 changes, but neither the test group nor the control group has vomiting or diarrhea. It may be that sodium selenite, as a selenium additive, is affected by the toxin of selenium, but no serious selenium poisoning reaction occurs overall.

[0072] Example 6

[0073] The experimental group and the control group were set up, with 6 rabbits in each group, 3 female rabbits and 3 male rabbits; the rabbits were subjected to pathogenic treatment, specifically, the commercially available premix was inoculated with Fusarium, stored at a suitable humidity and temperature for 5 days to obtain pathogenic feed, and the rabbits were gavaged with pathogenic feed containing vomitoxin for a total of three days, once in the morning and evening, 100g each time, and water was freely available during the period; after three days of gavage treatment, the rabbits showed obvious symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea. The latter test groups 1 to 4 were fed with selenium-rich feeds prepared in Examples 1 to 4, respectively, the control group 1 was fed with commercially available premixes, and the control group 2 was fed with commercially available premixes mixed with additives in the prior art CN107136334B.

[0074] Five days before the start of the experiment, the rabbits were gavaged with 100 g of feed each morning and evening, and then allowed to eat freely for the next 25 days. The daily feed intake, daily water intake, and state characteristics of each group of rabbits from day 6 to day 30 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 2;

[0075] Table 2

[0076]

[0077] As shown in Table 2, after 5 days of gavage treatment, the food intake of rabbits in the test group and control group 2 began to recover. Starting from the 16th day, the daily food intake and daily water intake of rabbits in each group returned to normal. However, the rabbits in control group 1 that continued to be fed with ordinary commercial premix all died.

[0078] In summary, the feed prepared by the present invention can effectively alleviate vomitoxin poisoning in rabbits without causing selenium poisoning.

Claims

1. A selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits, characterized in that: It includes 0.25 to 0.4 parts of selenium additive, 5 to 8 parts of corn, 15 to 19 parts of dry alfalfa, 10 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of earthworms; The feed is a granular feed, including a selenium-rich inner core made of selenium additives and carriers, a coating layer made of corn on the surface of the selenium-rich inner core, and a granular outer layer made of alfalfa, soybean meal, wheat bran and earthworms.

2. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes 0.3 to 0.4 parts of organic selenium, 5 to 8 parts of corn, 15 to 19 parts of alfalfa, 10 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of earthworms.

3. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes 0.25 to 0.3 parts of sodium selenite, 5 to 8 parts of corn, 15 to 19 parts of alfalfa, 10 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 8 to 10 parts of wheat bran and 8 parts of earthworms.

4. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific preparation method of the feed is: A1: Grind half of the soybean meal in the ingredients to obtain a carrier; evenly mix the organic selenium into the carrier, and then use wet granulation to obtain a selenium-rich core; A2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles; A3: preparing earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder from earthworms; A4: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran and the remaining half of soybean meal, add coated particles and earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder, mix well and press into blocks to obtain selenium-rich feed.

5. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific preparation method of the feed is: B1: Grind and mix half of the soybean meal and 1 to 3 parts of earthworms to obtain a carrier; evenly mix sodium selenite into the carrier, and then wet granulate to obtain a selenium-rich core; B2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles; B3: preparing earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder from the remaining earthworms; B4: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran and the remaining half of soybean meal, add coated particles and earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder, mix well and press into blocks to obtain selenium-rich feed.

6. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder comprises: crushing and grinding earthworms, adding a bacterial agent that degrades vomitoxin, mixing, fermenting and enzymolyzing to obtain a fermentation liquid; and vacuum-freezing and drying the fermentation liquid to obtain the earthworm fermentation freeze-dried powder.

7. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the earthworm to the Bacillus subtilis powder is 100:1-2.

8. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific preparation method of the feed is: C1: Grind half of the soybean meal in the ingredients to obtain a carrier; evenly mix the organic selenium into the carrier, and then use wet granulation to obtain a selenium-rich core; C2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles; C3: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran, the remaining half of soybean meal, and earthworms, add bacteria that can degrade vomitoxin, mix well, and perform composting and fermentation; C4: The water content of the fermented product obtained in step C3 is adjusted to 20%, and the coated particles are added, mixed evenly, and granulated to obtain selenium-rich feed.

9. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific preparation method of the feed is: D1: Grind half of the soybean meal in the ingredients, add 0.3-0.4 parts of sodium selenite and organic selenium conversion bacteria to it, mix evenly and then pile and ferment, and wet granulate the fermented product to obtain selenium-rich inner core; D2: Wash the corn, drain the water, grind and sieve to obtain a coating solution, and coat the selenium-rich core to obtain coated particles; D3: Crush and grind alfalfa, wheat bran, the remaining half of soybean meal, and earthworms, add bacteria that can degrade vomitoxin, and perform composting and fermentation; D4: Adjust the moisture content of the fermented material to 20%, add the coated particles, mix well and granulate to obtain selenium-rich feed.

10. The selenium-rich feed for alleviating the toxicity of vomitoxin in rabbits according to any one of claims 6, 8 or 9, characterized in that: The fermentation parameters are: temperature 30-37° C., humidity 60-68%, and fermentation 12 h to 48 h.

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