Joint judgment method and system for shield deslagging amount

Abstract

The invention provides a combined judgment method and system for the shield deslagging quantity, and relates to the technical field of underground tunnel construction, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a first deslagging quantity measured by a slag transfer groove, a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system every first tunneling distance, a weight system and a volume system are arranged on the belt conveyor; the first weight is converted to obtain a second volume corresponding to the first weight, the first deslagging amount is compared with the first volume and the second volume, three transverse deviations are obtained, and the transverse deviations are the absolute value of the difference value between any two volumes; and if all the transverse deviations are smaller than the first preset threshold value, it is judged that the deslagging amount within the first tunneling distance is normal. According to the scheme, the three modes of slag transfer tank measurement, weight system measurement and volume system measurement are used in a combined mode, errors caused by a single measurement mode are reduced, and the measurement accuracy of the slag tapping amount is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground tunnel construction, and in particular to a joint determination method and system for shield slag discharge. Background Art

[0002] In the shield construction process, it is very important to accurately control the amount of slag discharge. If the amount of slag discharge is not properly controlled, it may lead to serious consequences such as ground subsidence and tunnel collapse. Traditional slag discharge measurement methods are often single, such as relying solely on the scale of the slag trough for measurement. These single measurement methods have large errors and limitations. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method and system for jointly determining the slag discharge amount of a shield machine, so as to improve the accuracy of determining the actual slag discharge amount of a shield machine.

[0004] The first aspect provides a joint determination method for shield slag discharge, comprising the following steps: At each first excavation distance, a first slag discharge amount measured by a slag transfer trough within the first excavation distance is obtained, the slag obtained by the shield cutting is transported to the slag transfer trough, the slag transfer trough has a scale, and the first slag discharge amount is the volume of slag obtained by the scale of the slag transfer trough; wherein the excavation distance is the cylinder travel distance of the shield; A first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance are obtained; after a first slag discharge amount is measured by the slag transfer chute, the slag is transferred to a belt conveyor, on which the weight system and the volume system are provided; Convert the first weight to obtain a second volume corresponding to the first weight, compare the first slag discharge amount with the first volume and the second volume respectively, and obtain three lateral deviations, where the lateral deviation is the absolute value of the difference between any two volumes; If all of the lateral deviations are smaller than a first preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge within the first excavation distance is normal.

[0005] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, after determining that the slag discharge amount within the first excavation distance is normal, the following steps are also included: Obtaining a target slag discharge amount corresponding to the first excavation distance and a medium content of an additional medium added to the soil during the excavation process; the additional medium includes at least bentonite, foam, polymer and water; Obtaining a first actual slag discharge amount according to the first slag discharge amount and the medium content; If the deviation between the target slag discharge amount and the first actual slag discharge amount is less than a second preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge amount within the first excavation distance does not exceed the second preset threshold.

[0006] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the weight system includes a rotation speed sensor and a belt weighing sensor, and a weighing integrator, which are arranged at the bottom of the roller of the belt conveyor; The step of obtaining a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; and obtaining the first weight within the first excavation distance specifically comprises the following steps: The reading of the rotation speed sensor is obtained in real time as the instantaneous rotation speed, and the reading of the belt weighing sensor is obtained in real time as the instantaneous weight; The instantaneous rotational speed and the instantaneous weight are sent to the weighing integrator, so as to obtain the total weight of the excavation soil within the first excavation distance through integration operation according to the change of the instantaneous rotational speed and the change of the instantaneous weight, and the total weight of the excavation soil is the first weight.

[0007] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the volume system includes a collection module, a communication module and a calculation module arranged on the belt conveyor; the collection module includes a speed encoder arranged at the driving motor of the belt conveyor, and a laser radar arranged above the belt conveyor, and the laser radar can cover the main transportation area of ​​the slag on the belt; Acquiring the first volume within the first excavation distance specifically includes the following steps: Acquire the slag shape data obtained by the laser radar and the first running speed read by the speed encoder; the slag shape data is obtained by scanning the slag on the belt conveyor by the laser radar, and the slag shape data reflects the shape feature information of the profile of the slag on the cross section and the relative position of each part; According to the slag shape data and the first running speed, a second actual slag discharge amount is obtained, where the second actual slag discharge amount is a volume of slag actually generated by the shield tunneling; According to the second actual slag discharge amount, the first volume within the first excavation distance is obtained.

[0008] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, after obtaining the second actual slag discharge amount according to the slag shape data and the first running speed, the following steps are also included: Obtaining the cutter head diameter and propulsion speed of the shield machine; According to the cutter disc diameter and the advancing speed, a theoretical slag discharge amount is obtained; The step of obtaining the first volume within the first excavation distance according to the second actual slag discharge volume specifically includes the following steps: If the second actual slag amount is less than or equal to the theoretical slag amount, and the absolute value of the difference between the second actual slag amount and the theoretical slag amount is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, the second actual slag amount is taken as the first volume.

[0009] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, after obtaining the theoretical slag discharge amount according to the cutter disc diameter and the advancing speed, the following steps are also included: If the second actual slag discharge amount is greater than the theoretical slag discharge amount, and the absolute value of the difference between the second actual slag discharge amount and the theoretical slag discharge amount is greater than a third preset threshold, a first warning signal is issued.

[0010] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the acquisition of the slag shape data obtained by the laser radar specifically includes the following steps: Controlling the laser radar to emit a laser beam toward the slag, wherein the laser beam includes a plurality of lasers directed toward the surface of the slag, and the point where the laser is directed toward the surface of the slag is a measurement point; Obtaining the reflection duration of each of the measurement points, where the reflection duration is the duration between the first moment when the laser radar emits the laser and the second moment when the laser reflected by the point is received; According to the reflection duration of each measuring point, a measuring distance of each measuring point is obtained, where the measuring distance is a straight-line distance from the measuring point to the laser radar; The target coordinate system is constructed with the installation position of the laser radar as the coordinate origin, the horizontal direction as the x-axis, and the vertical direction as the y-axis; According to the measurement distance of each measurement point, the coordinates of each measurement point on the surface of the slag on the plane of the target coordinate system are obtained, and then the slag shape data is obtained.

[0011] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, obtaining the first slag discharge amount measured by the slag transfer chute within the first excavation distance specifically includes the following steps: Reading the scale of the slag transfer tank to obtain a fourth volume; Use a ruler to check and get the third volume; If the absolute value of the difference between the fourth volume and the third volume is less than a fourth preset threshold, the fourth volume is used as the first slag discharge amount.

[0012] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, after obtaining the three lateral deviations, the following steps are also included: If any of the lateral deviations is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge within the first excavation distance is abnormal, and the shield machine is shut down.

[0013] The second aspect provides a joint determination system for shield slag discharge, which is used to execute the joint determination method for shield slag discharge as described above, including: A collection module, wherein the collection module is configured to obtain a first slag discharge amount measured by a slag transfer trough within the first excavation distance at each interval of a first excavation distance, the slag obtained by the shield cutting is transported to the slag transfer trough, the slag transfer trough has a scale, and the first slag discharge amount is the volume of slag obtained by the scale of the slag transfer trough; wherein the excavation distance is the cylinder travel distance of the shield; The acquisition module is further configured to obtain a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; after the first slag discharge amount is measured by the slag transfer chute, the slag is transferred to a belt conveyor, on which the weight system and the volume system are provided; a calculation module, the calculation module being configured to convert the first weight into a second volume corresponding thereto, and compare the first slag discharge amount with the first volume and the second volume respectively to obtain three lateral deviations, wherein the lateral deviation is an absolute value of a difference between any two volumes; A judgment module, wherein the judgment module is configured to determine that the amount of slag discharged within the first excavation distance is normal if all the lateral deviations are smaller than a first preset threshold value.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can measure and verify the slag discharge amount from different angles by combining the three methods of slag trough measurement, weight system measurement and volume system measurement, thereby reducing the error caused by a single measurement method and improving the accuracy of slag discharge measurement. The slag discharge amount is measured and compared at every first excavation distance, so that real-time monitoring of the slag discharge amount can be achieved. Once an abnormal slag discharge amount is found, measures can be taken in time to adjust it to ensure the safety and quality of the construction. For shield construction under different geological conditions, the comprehensive use of multiple measurement methods can better adapt to changes in the properties of slag and improve the reliability and stability of the measurement. In this way, the present invention can avoid safety accidents such as face collapse caused by excessive slag discharge, and provide a strong safety guarantee for shield construction. By accurately measuring and controlling the slag discharge amount, construction management can be better optimized, construction efficiency can be improved, and construction costs can be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A flow chart of the steps of the combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0017] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0018] Example 1 As mentioned in the background technology, in view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a joint determination method for shield slag discharge, please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. At each first excavation distance, a first slag discharge amount measured by a slag transfer trough within the first excavation distance is obtained. The slag obtained by the shield cutting is transported to the slag transfer trough. The slag transfer trough has a scale. The first slag discharge amount is the volume of slag obtained by the scale of the slag transfer trough. The first excavation distance is the cylinder travel distance of the shield. Specifically, in engineering use, since the scales on the slag chute are often added manually, there are errors and the accuracy is not high; and when the slag is transported to the slag chute, the slag is uneven, and the reading process is often inaccurate; therefore, it is necessary to conduct horizontal comparisons through multiple other methods to improve accuracy, and thus a subsequent plan is proposed.

[0019] Specifically, before the shield construction, it is necessary to ensure that the slag chute has been correctly installed in the appropriate position so that it can smoothly receive the slag formed after the shield cuts the soil. The slag chute must have clear, accurate and easy-to-read scale markings. The minimum scale value can be determined according to the construction accuracy requirements. For example, it is set to 0.1 cubic meters to facilitate accurate reading of the slag volume. The top scale of the slag chute is 24 cubic meters, and the bottom scale of the slag chute is 6 cubic meters. According to the cylinder stroke and for data statistical analysis, the first excavation distance is set to 50 cm. At the same time, the shield machine's cylinder stroke measurement system is debugged so that it can accurately feedback the shield's excavation distance in real time. This distance data will serve as a key interval reference for obtaining the slag output in the future.

[0020] Specifically, after the shield machine starts excavation, the soil at the front end of the shield machine is cut to produce slag, which is continuously transported to the slag trough through the conveying device. The construction personnel pay close attention to the cylinder stroke distance of the shield machine. When the set first excavation distance is reached (for example, 50cm, which is set based on the excavation speed of the shield machine, the construction efficiency, and the rationality of the slag discharge statistics, etc., and different shield construction projects can be adjusted according to actual conditions), immediately check the scale of the slag in each slag trough, and read the volume value corresponding to the slag contained in the slag trough. This value is the first slag discharge (when the slag is loaded once, the value directly read is the first slag discharge. When the slag is loaded multiple times, the sum of the values ​​read each time is the first slag discharge. When reading the scale, ensure that the line of sight is perpendicular to the scale plane to minimize the reading error, and arrange two construction personnel to read the readings separately and take the average value to improve the accuracy of the reading.

[0021] Furthermore, the obtaining of a first slag discharge amount measured by a slag transfer chute within the first excavation distance specifically comprises the following steps: Reading the scale of the slag transfer tank to obtain a fourth volume; Use a ruler to check and get the third volume; If the absolute value of the difference between the fourth volume and the third volume is less than a fourth preset threshold, the fourth volume is used as the first slag discharge amount.

[0022] In order to further improve the accuracy of the first slag discharge amount read in this embodiment, a ruler is used for verification.

[0023] S2, obtaining a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; after a first slag discharge amount is measured by the slag transfer chute, the slag is transferred from the slag transfer chute to a belt conveyor, on which the weight system and the volume system are provided; Further, the weight system includes a rotation speed sensor and a belt weighing sensor, and a weighing integrator, which are arranged at the bottom of the roller of the belt conveyor; The step of obtaining a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; and obtaining the first weight within the first excavation distance specifically comprises the following steps: The reading of the rotation speed sensor is obtained in real time as the instantaneous rotation speed, and the reading of the belt weighing sensor is obtained in real time as the instantaneous weight; The instantaneous rotational speed and the instantaneous weight are sent to the weighing integrator, so as to obtain the total weight of the excavation soil within the first excavation distance through integration operation according to the change of the instantaneous rotational speed and the change of the instantaneous weight, and the total weight of the excavation soil is the first weight.

[0024] Specifically, the speed sensor is installed at the shaft end of the belt conveyor's drive motor, and is fastened with bolts to ensure that it is firmly installed and concentric with the motor shaft, so that the speed information of the belt conveyor can be accurately obtained. The belt weighing sensor is installed at a suitable position at the bottom of the belt conveyor's roller. Generally, it is evenly distributed at several key support points below the belt conveyor, so that the sensor can accurately sense the pressure changes of the belt on the bottom of the roller, and it must be calibrated after installation to ensure that the output pressure signal can accurately correspond to the actual weight value. The weighing integrator is installed in the electrical control cabinet near the belt conveyor, and is connected to the speed sensor and the belt weighing sensor through shielded cables to ensure the stability of signal transmission and avoid external electromagnetic interference affecting the signal quality. Before shield construction, the entire weight system must be debugged. By placing standard weights of known weight on the belt conveyor to simulate the weight of slag, check the coordinated work between the speed sensor, belt weighing sensor and weighing integrator, and adjust the parameters of each device to make its measurement accuracy meet the construction requirements, such as requiring the measurement error to be controlled within ±1%. After reading the scale of the slag in the slag trough to obtain the first slag discharge amount, the slag is transferred to the running belt conveyor for transportation. In this process, the speed sensor monitors the rotation speed of the belt in real time, generates a corresponding instantaneous speed value every second, and sends these values ​​to the weighing integrator in the form of electrical signals; at the same time, the belt weighing sensor senses the pressure exerted on the belt by the slag in real time, converts it into a corresponding instantaneous weight signal (for example, in the form of a voltage signal) and sends it to the weighing integrator. After receiving these two real-time changing signals, the weighing integrator performs calculations according to the principle of integral operation.

[0025] For example, during the transportation time corresponding to the first excavation distance (assuming that this time period is 30 minutes, from the beginning of the loading of the slag onto the conveyor belt to the end of the transportation), the data of the instantaneous speed v(t) and the instantaneous weight m(t) are collected every 1 second, according to the formula:

[0026] (Wherein, t1 is the start time of transportation, and t2 is the end time of transportation). The internal microprocessor performs integral calculations and finally obtains the total weight of the slag within these 30 minutes, which is the first weight.

[0027] Furthermore, the volume system includes a collection module, a communication module and a calculation module arranged on the belt conveyor; the collection module includes a speed encoder arranged at the driving motor of the belt conveyor, and a laser radar arranged above the belt conveyor, and the laser radar can cover the main transportation area of ​​the slag on the belt; Acquiring the first volume within the first excavation distance specifically includes the following steps: Acquire the slag shape data obtained by the laser radar and the first running speed read by the speed encoder; the slag shape data is obtained by scanning the slag on the belt conveyor by the laser radar, and the slag shape data reflects the shape feature information of the profile of the slag on the cross section and the relative position of each part; According to the slag shape data and the first running speed, a second actual slag discharge amount is obtained, where the second actual slag discharge amount is the volume of slag actually generated when the shield tunneling advances 50 cm, and 50 cm is the first excavation distance; Specifically, according to the slag shape data and the first running speed, an actual unit slag discharge volume is obtained, the actual unit slag discharge volume is the volume of slag actually generated by one ring of shield excavation, and the first excavation distance is formed by the excavation lengths of several rings of shield excavation; the excavation length corresponding to the first excavation distance is obtained, and the product of the excavation length and the actual unit slag discharge volume is used as the second actual slag discharge volume; the excavation length is obtained by the width of each ring and the length of the first excavation distance.

[0028] According to the second actual slag discharge amount, the first volume within the first excavation distance is obtained.

[0029] Furthermore, after obtaining the second actual single-ring slag discharge amount according to the slag shape data and the first running speed, the method further includes the following steps: Obtaining the cutter head diameter and propulsion speed of the shield machine; Specifically, in the control system of the shield machine, a special data acquisition module is set up to obtain data related to the cutter disc diameter and propulsion speed. The cutter disc diameter is an inherent design parameter of the shield machine. It is a fixed value after the shield machine is manufactured. This parameter is pre-stored in the configuration file of the shield machine, and the data acquisition module can directly read the corresponding value from it (for example, the cutter disc diameter of a certain shield machine is set to 14.29 meters). The acquisition of propulsion speed is achieved through the displacement sensor installed at the shield machine propulsion cylinder. The displacement sensor can monitor the change of the telescopic length of the cylinder in real time, and combine the time information to calculate the change of the cylinder stroke per unit time to obtain the propulsion speed of the shield machine.

[0030] According to the cutter disc diameter and the advancing speed, a theoretical slag discharge amount is obtained; Specifically, the calculation of the theoretical slag discharge volume is based on the principle of cylindrical volume. Assuming that the shape of the slag cut by the shield is approximately cylindrical, the volume calculation formula is:

[0031] Among them, V is the theoretical slag discharge, D is the cutter head diameter, and L is the advancement distance, which is obtained by multiplying the advancement speed and the advancement time.

[0032] The step of obtaining the first volume within the first excavation distance according to the second actual slag discharge volume specifically includes the following steps: If the second actual slag amount is less than or equal to the theoretical slag amount, and the absolute value of the difference between the second actual slag amount and the theoretical slag amount is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, the second actual slag amount is taken as the first volume.

[0033] Specifically, if the second actual slag discharge amount is very close to the theoretical slag discharge amount, it means that the actual slag discharge amount is accurate. Therefore, the second actual slag discharge amount calculated by this method can be used as the first volume for horizontal comparison.

[0034] Specifically, during shield construction, over-excavation will destroy the original equilibrium state of the soil around the tunnel, causing the soil to lose stable support, which is likely to cause serious safety accidents such as ground subsidence and tunnel collapse. By first comparing the second actual slag volume with the theoretical slag volume, and obtaining the excavation length only when the second actual slag volume is less than or equal to the theoretical slag volume, the over-excavation situation can be controlled at the source. Once the second actual slag volume exceeds the theoretical value, it is necessary to focus on investigating the cause of the over-excavation, rather than continuing to obtain the excavation length for subsequent calculations according to the conventional process, so as to effectively prevent various safety risks caused by over-excavation and ensure the safety of construction personnel and the safety and stability of the surrounding environment.

[0035] Furthermore, the obtaining of the soil shape data obtained by the laser radar specifically comprises the following steps: Controlling the laser radar to emit a laser beam toward the slag, wherein the laser beam includes a plurality of lasers directed toward the surface of the slag, and the point where the laser is directed toward the surface of the slag is a measurement point; Obtaining the reflection duration of each of the measurement points, where the reflection duration is the duration between the first moment when the laser radar emits the laser and the second moment when the laser reflected by the point is received; According to the reflection duration of each measuring point, a measuring distance of each measuring point is obtained, where the measuring distance is a straight-line distance from the measuring point to the laser radar; The target coordinate system is constructed with the installation position of the laser radar as the coordinate origin, the horizontal direction as the x-axis, and the vertical direction as the y-axis; According to the measurement distance of each measurement point, the coordinates of each measurement point on the surface of the slag on the plane of the target coordinate system are obtained, and then the shape data of the slag are obtained.

[0036] Specifically, the laser radar uses a 2D laser radar, which is installed at a height of about 1 meter above the belt conveyor through a specially designed gantry structure (the specific height can be adjusted according to the size of the belt conveyor, the height of the slag pile and other factors to ensure that the slag can be fully scanned), and the angle of the laser beam emitted is adjusted so that it can cover the entire main transportation area of ​​the slag on the belt. The communication module is installed in the same control cabinet as the laser radar and speed encoder, and is connected to them through data cables. The collected data is transmitted to the calculation module. The calculation module is usually integrated in the main control system of the shield machine and can perform corresponding algorithm calculations based on the received data. During the operation of the belt conveyor, the laser radar continuously emits a laser beam to the slag on the belt conveyor at the set scanning frequency. The laser beam is reflected back after encountering the surface of the slag. The laser radar receives these reflected light signals and calculates the time difference between laser emission and reflection (for example, the laser emission time is The time when the reflected light is received is , time difference ), combined with the speed of light c, through the formula Calculate the distance from each measuring point on the surface of the slag to the laser radar. At the same time, the speed encoder reads the running speed of the belt conveyor in real time, and transmits the corresponding speed value (assuming that the speed read at a certain moment is 0.5 m / s) to the calculation module every second. After receiving the slag shape data and the belt running speed data, the calculation module first calculates the cross-sectional area S of the slag at a certain moment based on the slag shape data (for example, by dividing the irregular shape of the cross section to obtain multiple regular shapes, and then calculating the areas separately and summing them up to obtain the cross-sectional area at this moment), and then combines the belt running speed and calculates the flow rate according to the flow calculation formula ( The volume of slag that passes through the scanning area per unit time is calculated (unit time, 1 second is taken here), and it is accumulated during the transportation time corresponding to the entire first excavation distance to obtain the second actual slag discharge volume.

[0037] S3, converting the first weight to obtain a second volume corresponding thereto, and comparing the first slag discharge amount with the first volume and the second volume respectively to obtain three lateral deviations, where the lateral deviation is the absolute value of the difference between any two volumes; Specifically, determine the average density of the slag (assuming that the average density of the slag in this project is 2 tons / cubic meter, which is obtained by sampling the slag at the construction site in the early stage and taking the average value after multiple measurements in the laboratory using professional density measuring equipment), and obtain the second volume according to the density formula.

[0038] S4. If all the lateral deviations are smaller than a first preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge within the first excavation distance is normal.

[0039] Furthermore, after obtaining the three lateral deviations, the following steps are also included: If any of the lateral deviations is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge within the first excavation distance is abnormal, and the shield machine is shut down.

[0040] For example, the first slag discharge amount (98 cubic meters), the first volume (100 cubic meters), and the second volume (84 cubic meters) are compared in pairs, and the absolute value of their differences is calculated to obtain three lateral deviations. The lateral deviation between the first slag discharge amount and the first volume is 2 cubic meters, the lateral deviation between the first slag discharge amount and the second volume is 14 cubic meters, and the lateral deviation between the first volume and the second volume is 16 cubic meters.

[0041] In the above example, two of the three lateral deviations are greater than the first preset threshold (which can be selected as 10 cubic meters, so it is determined that the slag discharge is abnormal within the first excavation distance. The construction personnel need to check the scale reading of the slag chute, the measuring equipment of the weight system and the volume system, etc., to check for possible reasons that may cause excessive deviations, such as whether there is any slag spillage that is not included in the measurement, equipment failure, etc.).

[0042] Specifically, if any lateral deviation is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold (one data exceeds the other two data), it can be temporarily retained and confirmed by combining the data within the next excavation distance. If the next section is the same, and the data exceeds the other two data, the accuracy of the data will be considered and verified (check whether the measurement system corresponding to the data is operating normally). If it is accurate, it means that there may be a risk of over-squareness, and the shield machine will be shut down for further verification.

[0043] Furthermore, after determining that the slag discharge amount within the first excavation distance is normal, the method further includes the following steps: Obtaining a target slag discharge amount corresponding to the first excavation distance and a medium content of an additional medium added to the soil during the excavation process; the additional medium includes at least bentonite, foam, polymer and water; Obtaining a first actual slag discharge amount according to the first slag discharge amount and the medium content; If the deviation between the target slag discharge amount and the first actual slag discharge amount is less than a second preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge amount within the first excavation distance does not exceed the second preset threshold.

[0044] Specifically, the theoretical volume of slag that should be produced for each excavation distance is calculated in advance based on the design parameters of the shield machine (such as cutterhead diameter, cutterhead opening ratio, etc.) and geological survey data (such as soil density of different strata), as the target slag volume. For example, through theoretical calculation combined with the geological conditions of this project and the cutterhead parameters of the shield machine, it is concluded that the target slag volume within the first excavation distance is 100 cubic meters.

[0045] Specifically, a person is assigned to record the amount of additional media (bentonite, foam, polymer and water, etc.) added to the soil during the excavation process. For example, within this excavation distance, the volume of bentonite slurry added is 12.6 cubic meters, the volume of foam is 0.08 cubic meters, the volume of polymer is negligible (because the amount added is relatively small), and the volume of water is 5.29 cubic meters. Adding up the volumes of these additional media, the total volume corresponding to the additional media content is about 18 cubic meters.

[0046] Specifically, according to the first slag volume (116 cubic meters) and the medium content of the added medium (18 cubic meters), the two are subtracted to obtain the first actual slag volume of 98 cubic meters. The second preset threshold is set in advance (for example, set to 3 cubic meters), the target slag volume (100 cubic meters) is compared with the first actual slag volume (98 cubic meters), and the absolute value of their deviation is calculated, that is, 2 cubic meters. If the absolute value of the deviation is less than the second preset threshold (3 cubic meters), it is determined that the slag volume within the first excavation distance does not exceed the cubic meter, indicating that the actual slag discharge situation is in line with expectations and the construction can continue normally; on the contrary, if the absolute value of the deviation is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold, it indicates that there may be abnormal conditions such as excessive cubic meters, and the construction needs to be stopped, and the cause needs to be further analyzed and corresponding treatment measures need to be taken, such as adjusting the excavation parameters of the shield machine and checking whether there are abnormalities in the slag transportation link.

[0047] Specifically, the present application first performs a horizontal comparison between the three physical quantities (the first slag amount, the first volume, and the second volume) in pairs. After the comparison, if the deviation between any two physical quantities is small, it means that the first slag amount read at this time is more accurate. At this time, the first actual slag amount is obtained based on the first slag amount with high accuracy, and then the first actual slag amount is compared with the target slag amount to more accurately determine whether the square is exceeded, thereby overcoming the problem of high error in the traditional solution of determining whether the square is exceeded by only reading the first slag amount.

[0048] Furthermore, after obtaining the theoretical slag discharge amount according to the cutter disc diameter and the advancing speed, the following steps are also included: If the second actual slag discharge amount is greater than the theoretical slag discharge amount, and the absolute value of the difference between the second actual slag discharge amount and the theoretical slag discharge amount is greater than a third preset threshold, a first warning signal is issued.

[0049] Specifically, in shield construction, the second actual slag output far exceeds the theoretical slag output, which means that over-excavation has occurred. Over-excavation will destroy the original stress balance of the soil around the tunnel, deteriorate the stability of the soil, and easily cause a series of serious safety accidents such as ground subsidence, tunnel collapse, face instability, and water and sand gushing. By setting a mechanism to issue a first warning signal when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the third preset threshold, this potential safety hazard can be detected in time, allowing construction personnel to quickly take countermeasures to avoid the occurrence of safety accidents and protect the construction environment and the lives of personnel.

[0050] Example 2 On the basis of Example 1, this embodiment proposes a joint determination system for shield slag discharge, which is used to execute the joint determination method for shield slag discharge as described in Example 1, including: A collection module, wherein the collection module is configured to obtain a first slag discharge amount measured by a slag transfer trough within the first excavation distance at each interval of a first excavation distance, the slag obtained by the shield cutting is transported to the slag transfer trough, the slag transfer trough has a scale, and the first slag discharge amount is the volume of slag obtained by the scale of the slag transfer trough; wherein the excavation distance is the cylinder travel distance of the shield; The acquisition module is further configured to obtain a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; when the slag in the slag transfer trough is full, the slag is transferred to a belt conveyor, on which the weight system and the volume system are provided; a calculation module, the calculation module being configured to convert the first weight into a second volume corresponding thereto, and compare the first slag discharge amount with the first volume and the second volume respectively to obtain three lateral deviations, wherein the lateral deviation is an absolute value of a difference between any two volumes; A judgment module, wherein the judgment module is configured to determine that the amount of slag discharged within the first excavation distance is normal if all the lateral deviations are smaller than a first preset threshold value.

[0051] Specifically, this implementation method adopts slag metering management with slag bucket measurement as the main method, and slag scanning system (volume system) and belt weighing system (weight system) measurement as the auxiliary method. By comparing the volume of each slag trough with the cylinder stroke, it is judged whether the slag discharge volume is abnormal. And according to the cylinder stroke, the slag discharge volume is comprehensively compared with the three metering methods every 50cm of excavation, and the slag discharge volume is strictly controlled to avoid the collapse of the tunnel face caused by the excessive slag discharge volume. If the comparison finds that the first actual slag discharge volume is greater than the target slag discharge volume, the machine should be shut down immediately, and the excavation can be resumed only after analyzing the cause and formulating measures, and the grouting volume behind the pipe segment should be increased accordingly.

[0052] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas. The above is only a preferred implementation method of the present invention. It should be pointed out that due to the limitations of textual expression, there are objectively infinite specific structures. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements, modifications or changes can be made, and the above technical features can be combined in an appropriate manner; these improvements, modifications, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other occasions without improvement, should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A joint determination method for the amount of slag produced by a shield machine, wherein the shield machine is arranged in a tunnel and cuts the soil at the front end thereof into slag, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: At each first excavation distance, a first slag discharge volume measured by a slag transfer trough within the first excavation distance is obtained, the slag obtained by the shield cutting is transported to the slag transfer trough, the slag transfer trough has a scale, and the first slag discharge volume is the slag volume obtained by the scale of the slag transfer trough; wherein the first excavation distance is the cylinder travel distance of the shield; A first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance are obtained; after a first slag discharge amount is measured by the slag transfer chute, the slag is transferred from the slag transfer chute to a belt conveyor, on which the weight system and the volume system are provided; Convert the first weight to obtain a second volume corresponding to the first weight, compare the first slag discharge amount with the first volume and the second volume respectively, and obtain three lateral deviations, where the lateral deviation is the absolute value of the difference between any two volumes; If all of the lateral deviations are smaller than a first preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge within the first excavation distance is normal.

2. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 1 is characterized in that: After determining that the slag discharge amount within the first excavation distance is normal, the method further includes the following steps: Obtaining a target slag discharge amount corresponding to the first excavation distance and a medium content of an additional medium added to the soil during the excavation process; the additional medium includes at least bentonite, foam, polymer and water; Obtaining a first actual slag discharge amount according to the first slag discharge amount and the medium content; If the deviation between the target slag discharge amount and the first actual slag discharge amount is less than a second preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge amount within the first excavation distance does not exceed the second preset threshold.

3. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The weight system includes a rotation speed sensor and a belt weighing sensor, and a weighing integrator, which are arranged at the bottom of the roller of the belt conveyor; The step of obtaining a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; and obtaining the first weight within the first excavation distance specifically comprises the following steps: The reading of the rotation speed sensor is obtained in real time as the instantaneous rotation speed, and the reading of the belt weighing sensor is obtained in real time as the instantaneous weight; The instantaneous rotational speed and the instantaneous weight are sent to the weighing integrator, so as to obtain the total weight of the excavation soil within the first excavation distance through integration operation according to the change of the instantaneous rotational speed and the change of the instantaneous weight, and the total weight of the excavation soil is the first weight.

4. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The volume system includes a collection module, a communication module and a calculation module arranged on the belt conveyor; the collection module includes a speed encoder arranged at the driving motor of the belt conveyor and a laser radar arranged above the belt conveyor, and the laser radar can cover the main transportation area of ​​the slag on the belt; Acquiring the first volume within the first excavation distance specifically includes the following steps: Acquire the slag shape data obtained by the laser radar and the first running speed read by the speed encoder; the slag shape data is obtained by scanning the slag on the belt conveyor by the laser radar, and the slag shape data reflects the shape feature information of the profile of the slag on the cross section and the relative position of each part; According to the slag shape data and the first running speed, a second actual slag discharge amount is obtained, where the second actual slag discharge amount is a volume of slag actually generated by the shield tunneling; According to the second actual slag discharge amount, the first volume within the first excavation distance is obtained.

5. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 4 is characterized in that: After obtaining the second actual slag discharge amount according to the slag shape data and the first running speed, the method further includes the following steps: Obtaining the cutter head diameter and propulsion speed of the shield machine; According to the cutter disc diameter and the advancing speed, a theoretical slag discharge amount is obtained; The step of obtaining the first volume within the first excavation distance according to the second actual slag discharge volume specifically includes the following steps: If the second actual slag amount is less than or equal to the theoretical slag amount, and the absolute value of the difference between the second actual slag amount and the theoretical slag amount is less than or equal to a third preset threshold, the second actual slag amount is taken as the first volume.

6. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 5 is characterized in that: After obtaining the theoretical slag discharge amount according to the cutter disc diameter and the advancing speed, the following steps are also included: If the second actual slag discharge amount is greater than the theoretical slag discharge amount, and the absolute value of the difference between the second actual slag discharge amount and the theoretical slag discharge amount is greater than a third preset threshold, a first warning signal is issued.

7. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The step of obtaining the soil shape data obtained by the laser radar specifically comprises the following steps: Controlling the laser radar to emit a laser beam toward the slag, wherein the laser beam includes a plurality of lasers directed toward the surface of the slag, and the point where the laser is directed toward the surface of the slag is a measurement point; Obtaining the reflection duration of each of the measurement points, where the reflection duration is the duration between the first moment when the laser radar emits the laser and the second moment when the laser reflected by the point is received; According to the reflection duration of each measuring point, a measuring distance of each measuring point is obtained, where the measuring distance is a straight-line distance from the measuring point to the laser radar; The target coordinate system is constructed with the installation position of the laser radar as the coordinate origin, the horizontal direction as the x-axis, and the vertical direction as the y-axis; According to the measurement distance of each measurement point, the coordinates of each measurement point on the surface of the slag on the plane of the target coordinate system are obtained, and then the slag shape data is obtained.

8. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of obtaining a first slag discharge amount measured by a slag transfer chute within the first excavation distance specifically comprises the following steps: Reading the scale of the slag transfer tank to obtain a fourth volume; Use a ruler to check and get the third volume; If the absolute value of the difference between the fourth volume and the third volume is less than a fourth preset threshold, the fourth volume is used as the first slag discharge amount.

9. The combined determination method of shield slag discharge amount according to claim 1, characterized in that: After obtaining the three lateral deviations, the following steps are also included: If any of the lateral deviations is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold, it is determined that the slag discharge within the first excavation distance is abnormal, and the shield machine is shut down.

10. A joint determination system for shield slag discharge, used to execute the joint determination method for shield slag discharge as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; characterized in that: include: A collection module, wherein the collection module is configured to obtain a first slag discharge volume measured by a slag transfer trough within the first excavation distance at intervals of a first excavation distance, the slag obtained by the shield cutting is transported to the slag transfer trough, the slag transfer trough has a scale, and the first slag discharge volume is the slag volume obtained by the scale of the slag transfer trough; wherein the first excavation distance is the cylinder travel distance of the shield; The acquisition module is further configured to obtain a first weight measured by a weight system and a first volume measured by a volume system within the first excavation distance; after the first slag discharge amount is measured by the slag transfer chute, the slag is transferred from the slag transfer chute to a belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is provided with the weight system and the volume system; a calculation module, the calculation module being configured to convert the first weight into a second volume corresponding thereto, and compare the first slag discharge amount with the first volume and the second volume respectively to obtain three lateral deviations, wherein the lateral deviation is an absolute value of a difference between any two volumes; A judgment module, wherein the judgment module is configured to determine that the amount of slag discharged within the first excavation distance is normal if all the lateral deviations are smaller than a first preset threshold value.

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