Rapid breeding method of early-maturing high-yield wheat variety

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid breeding method of an early-maturing high-yield wheat variety. The rapid breeding method comprises the following specific steps: S1, establishing test fields in southern Xinjiang, wherein the test fields comprise a greenhouse test field and an outdoor test field; s2, screening high-quality wheat seeds: selecting a high-quality Xinwinter 20 # wheat seed as a female parent, taking Jinan 17 # and a derivative wheat seed Jimai 44 # thereof with good comprehensive performance as a prepared male parent, respectively planting the female parent and the prepared male parent in an outdoor test field located in southern Xinjiang, and screening the high-quality wheat seeds; s3, performing artificial hybridization by taking Xinwinter-20 as a female parent and Jimai No.44 as a male parent to obtain F3-generation single-plant seeds. The rapid breeding method of the early-maturing high-yield wheat variety disclosed by the invention has the remarkable effects of high yield, high quality and disease resistance, and the bred new product has good yield, disease resistance and stress resistance, good grain quality and outstanding yield performance; large-area popularization and planting can be realized, and the purposes of saving cost, increasing efficiency and promoting income increase of farmers can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rapid breeding of wheat varieties, and in particular to a rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yield wheat varieties. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant of the Gramineae family and the genus Triticeae. The culms are erect, clustered, and can reach 100 cm in height. The leaf sheaths are loosely phimotic, the ligules are membranous, and the leaves are long lanceolate. The spike inflorescence is erect, the spikelets contain many small flowers, the glumes are oval, the lemmas are oblong-lanceolate, and the palea is almost the same length as the lemma. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to July.

[0003] After a long period of development, it has become one of the most widely distributed, largest-grown crops in the world, second in total output, with the largest trade volume and the highest nutritional value. Wheat is a commodity grain with rich nutrition and high economic value. Wheat caryopsis is one of the staple foods of human beings. After being ground into flour, it can be used to make bread, steamed buns, biscuits, noodles and other foods.

[0004] The climate in southern Xinjiang is mainly temperate continental arid climate, with sufficient sunlight and large temperature difference between day and night. It is cold and dry in winter and hot in summer. The temperature in summer is usually above 25℃, while the temperature in winter may drop below -20℃. The dry climate in southern Xinjiang may lead to sandstorms in summer, and the harsh environment is not conducive to wheat cultivation. In the face of the growing population, in order to ensure food safety, how to improve the comprehensive traits of wheat so that it can adapt to the harsh planting environment in southern Xinjiang is one of the problems we urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention discloses a rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yield wheat varieties, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to improve the comprehensive traits of wheat so that it can adapt to the harsh planting environment in southern Xinjiang.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties comprises the following specific steps:

[0008] S1: Establish experimental fields in southern Xinjiang, including greenhouse experimental fields and outdoor experimental fields;

[0009] S2: Screening high-quality wheat varieties, selecting high-quality Xindong No. 20 wheat varieties as female parents, and using Jinan No. 17 and its derivative wheat varieties Jimai No. 44 with good comprehensive performance as preparatory male parents, and planting them in outdoor test fields in southern Xinjiang to screen high-quality wheat varieties;

[0010] S3: Artificial hybridization was performed with Xindong 20 as the female parent and Jimai 44 as the male parent to obtain F3 generation single plant seeds;

[0011] S4: F3 seeds were sown in greenhouse test fields and outdoor test fields in spring and autumn respectively, and the characteristics of F3 plants were analyzed after maturity.

[0012] By selecting the early-maturing winter wheat Xindong No. 20 and taking advantage of the good comprehensive traits of Jinan No. 17 to formulate a hybrid combination with Jimai No. 44, which has outstanding quality and yield, the comprehensive traits of the existing materials can be greatly improved, thereby achieving the remarkable effect of high yield, high quality and disease resistance. New varieties with good yield, disease resistance and stress resistance, good grain quality and outstanding yield performance can be bred, which can be promoted for large-scale planting, thereby achieving the goal of saving costs and increasing efficiency and promoting farmers' income growth.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in S2, Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 are compared in terms of growth period, bulk density, water absorption rate, protein content and wet gluten content. The test results of Jimai No. 44 are 245 days in growth period, 808 g / L in bulk density, 63.2% in water absorption rate, 15.24% in protein content and 30.05% in wet gluten content, which are better than the test results of Jinan No. 17. In S2, wheat grains of Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 are taken at the same time and ground into The flour was then compared from the aspects of dough formation time, stability time, maximum pulling resistance, pulling elongation and maximum stretching ratio. The test results of Jimai No. 44 were as follows: dough formation time 6.3 minutes, stability time 10.7 minutes, maximum pulling resistance 544.7BU, pulling elongation 135.5mm, maximum stretching ratio 4.02, which were better than the test results of Jinan No. 17. The high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition of Jimai No. 44 was 1, 7+8, and 5+10.

[0014] By comparing Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44, it was found that in order to achieve the goal of early maturity and high yield, wheat varieties with good comprehensive traits need to be cultivated as the male parent. By planting Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 at the same time in the outdoor test fields in southern Xinjiang, the adaptation status of the two in harsh environments was observed, and the male parent was determined, which is more conducive to selecting the male parent wheat variety that can be adapted to Xindong No. 20 to achieve the best breeding effect.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, S3 comprises the following specific steps:

[0016] S31: Using Xindong 20 as the female parent and Jimai 44 as the male parent, obtain F0 seeds, and multiply and mix the obtained F0 seeds to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0017] S32: 600 to 800 harvested F1 seeds are cultivated in the laboratory until the heading stage, and a blower is used to simulate a force 5 to 8 wind to select the F1 wheat plants with normal growth;

[0018] S33: Obtain F2 generation seeds from the screened F1 generation wheat plants, and cultivate 600-800 F2 generation seeds to the heading stage and then transplant them to the fungal environment in the laboratory to observe the wheat plants in a normal growth state after being infected by fungi;

[0019] S34: observing wheat plants that grow normally under the fungal environment, and obtaining F3 generation seeds from the selected F2 generation wheat plants;

[0020] In S4, after the F2 generation plants mature, they are distinguished based on the sowing season, and the plants in the greenhouse test field and the outdoor test field are compared and their characteristics are analyzed.

[0021] By testing hybrid wheat seeds in the laboratory and obtaining high-quality wheat seeds by simulating harsh environments and increasing generations, the resulting wheat seeds are more conducive to large-scale planting. At the same time, Jimai No. 44 is an existing wheat seed, and when planted in the actual environment of southern Xinjiang, its difference from Jinan No. 17 can be more accurately obtained, making the results more accurate.

[0022] As can be seen from the above, a rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yield wheat varieties includes the following specific steps: S1: establishing an experimental field in southern Xinjiang, wherein the experimental field includes a greenhouse experimental field and an outdoor experimental field; S2: screening high-quality wheat seeds, selecting the high-quality Xindong No. 20 wheat seed as the female parent, and the Jinan No. 17 and its derivative wheat seed Jimai No. 44 with good comprehensive performance as the preparatory male parent, and planting them in an outdoor experimental field located in southern Xinjiang to screen high-quality wheat seeds; S3: artificially hybridizing with Xindong No. 20 as the female parent and Jimai No. 44 as the male parent to obtain F3 generation single plant seeds; S4: sowing the F2 generation seeds in the greenhouse experimental field and the outdoor experimental field in spring and autumn respectively, and analyzing the characteristics of the F2 generation plants after maturity. The rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yield wheat varieties provided by the present invention has the remarkable effect of achieving high yield, high quality and disease resistance. The new varieties bred have good high yield, disease resistance and stress resistance, good grain quality and outstanding yield performance, can be promoted for planting on a large scale, and can achieve the purpose of saving costs and increasing efficiency, and promoting farmers' income growth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yield wheat varieties.

[0024] Figure 2 The present invention provides a stretching diagram of Jimai 44, a method for rapid breeding of early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties.

[0025] Figure 3 The present invention provides a powder quality diagram of Jimai 44, which is a method for rapid breeding of early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0027] The invention discloses a rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yield wheat varieties, which is mainly applied to the scenario of rapid breeding of wheat varieties.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 A method for rapid breeding of early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties comprises the following specific steps:

[0029] S1: Establish experimental fields in southern Xinjiang, including greenhouse experimental fields and outdoor experimental fields;

[0030] S2: Screening high-quality wheat varieties, selecting high-quality Xindong No. 20 wheat varieties as female parents, and using Jinan No. 17 and its derivative wheat varieties Jimai No. 44 with good comprehensive performance as preparatory male parents, and planting them in outdoor test fields in southern Xinjiang to screen high-quality wheat varieties;

[0031] S3: Artificial hybridization was performed with Xindong 20 as the female parent and Jimai 44 as the male parent to obtain F3 generation single plant seeds;

[0032] S4: F3 seeds were sown in greenhouse test fields and outdoor test fields in spring and autumn respectively. The characteristics of F3 plants were analyzed after maturity. By selecting the early-maturing winter wheat Xindong No. 20 and utilizing the good comprehensive traits of Jinan No. 17 to formulate a hybrid combination with Jimai No. 44, which has outstanding quality and yield, the comprehensive traits of existing materials can be greatly improved, thereby achieving the remarkable effects of high yield, high quality and disease resistance. New varieties with good yield, disease resistance and stress resistance, good grain quality and outstanding yield performance can be cultivated, which can be promoted for large-scale planting, thereby achieving the goal of saving costs and increasing efficiency and promoting farmers' income growth.

[0033] Reference Figure 2-Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment, in S2, Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 are compared and tested in terms of growth period, bulk density, water absorption rate, protein content and wet gluten content.

[0034] Reference Figure 2-Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment, the test results of Jinan No. 44 are 245 days of growth period, 808 g / L of bulk density, 63.2% of water absorption, 15.24% of protein content, and 30.05% of wet gluten content, which are better than the test results of Jinan No. 17.

[0035] Reference Figure 2-Figure 3In a preferred embodiment, in S2, wheat grains of Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 are taken at the same time and ground into flour, and then compared with each other in terms of dough formation time, stability time, maximum pulling resistance, pulling elongation and maximum stretching ratio.

[0036] Reference Figure 2-Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment, the test results of Jinan No. 44 are dough forming time 6.3 minutes, stabilization time 10.7 minutes, maximum pulling resistance 544.7BU, pulling elongation 135.5mm, and maximum stretching ratio 4.02, which are better than the test results of Jinan No. 17.

[0037] Reference Figure 2-Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment, the high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition of Jinan No. 44 is 1, 7+8, 5+10. In order to achieve the purpose of early maturity and high yield, it is necessary to cultivate wheat varieties with good comprehensive traits as the male parent. Among them, Jinan No. 17 has excellent traits and is promoted for planting as a special wheat variety for strong gluten. Jimai No. 44 is a new wheat variety bred after hybridization of 954072 and Jinan No. 17. It inherits the good comprehensive traits of Jinan No. 17. By planting the two at the same time in the outdoor test field in southern Xinjiang, observing the adaptation status of the two in harsh environments, the male parent is determined, which is more conducive to selecting the male parent wheat variety that can be adapted to Xindong No. 20 to achieve the best breeding effect.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment, S3 includes the following specific steps:

[0039] S31: Using Xindong 20 as the female parent and Jimai 44 as the male parent, obtain F0 seeds, and multiply and mix the obtained F0 seeds to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0040] S32: 600 to 800 harvested F1 seeds are cultivated in the laboratory until the heading stage, and a blower is used to simulate a force 5 to 8 wind to select the F1 wheat plants with normal growth;

[0041] S33: Obtain F2 generation seeds from the screened F1 generation wheat plants, and cultivate 600-800 F2 generation seeds to the heading stage and then transplant them to the fungal environment in the laboratory to observe the wheat plants in a normal growth state after being infected by fungi;

[0042] S34: Observe the normal growth of wheat plants in the fungal environment, and obtain F3 generation seeds from the selected F2 generation wheat plants.

[0043] Reference Figure 1In a preferred embodiment, after the F2 generation plants mature, they are distinguished by the sowing season, and the plants in the greenhouse test field and the outdoor test field are compared respectively, and their characteristics are analyzed. By testing the hybrid wheat seeds in the laboratory and obtaining high-quality wheat seeds by simulating harsh environments and increasing generations, the obtained wheat seeds are more conducive to large-scale planting. Among them, the difference from the father's wheat seeds planted and screened in southern Xinjiang is that Jimai No. 44 is an existing wheat seed, and it is planted in the actual environment of southern Xinjiang. It can more accurately obtain its difference with Jinan No. 17, so that the results obtained are more accurate, and the survival rate can be guaranteed to a certain extent. The present invention first conducts small-scale experiments in the laboratory, which can also avoid the fragility of hybrid plants and the possibility of annihilation due to large-scale planting, thereby improving the success rate of the experiment.

[0044] Example:

[0045] The plants of Xindong 20 and Jimai 44 were selected for breeding and selection of high-quality wheat varieties. The analysis results after ear formation are as follows:

[0046] Variety Biological Information Sheet

[0047]

[0048] The results showed that Xindong 20 and Jimai 44 had excellent characteristics and were suitable for use as female and male parents.

[0049] Working principle: By selecting the early-maturing winter wheat Xindong 20, and taking advantage of the good comprehensive characteristics of Jinan 17, and preparing a hybrid combination with Jimai 44, which has outstanding quality and high yield, the comprehensive characteristics of the existing materials can be greatly improved. Xindong 20 is a variety introduced from Hebei, with good early adaptability, a full growth period of 242 days, medium tillering ability, high tillering ear rate, plant height of 70-75 cm, compact plant shape, thick stems, strong lodging resistance, ear length of 7.1 cm, dense arrangement of spikelets, 40 grains in the main ear, white ear, long awn, and protected glume It is oval in shape, with lanceolate glume and oblique glume shoulders. The grains are white, oval, horny, with deep ventral grooves and pappus. The thousand-grain weight is 37-41 grams, the bulk density is 809 grams / liter, the protein content is 16%, and the wet gluten content is 35.48%. Due to its good early maturity performance, it is easier to cultivate early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties as a mother parent, thereby achieving the significant effects of high yield, high quality and disease resistance. The new varieties bred have good yield, disease resistance and stress resistance, good grain quality, and outstanding yield performance. They can be promoted for planting on a large scale, which can achieve the goal of saving costs and increasing efficiency and promoting farmers' income growth.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid breeding of early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: Establish experimental fields in southern Xinjiang, including greenhouse experimental fields and outdoor experimental fields; S2: Screening high-quality wheat varieties, selecting high-quality Xindong No. 20 wheat varieties as female parents, and using Jinan No. 17 and its derivative wheat varieties Jimai No. 44 with good comprehensive performance as preparatory male parents, and planting them in outdoor test fields in southern Xinjiang to screen high-quality wheat varieties; S3: Artificial hybridization was performed with Xindong 20 as the female parent and Jimai 44 as the male parent to obtain F3 generation single plant seeds; S4: F3 seeds were sown in greenhouse test fields and outdoor test fields in spring and autumn respectively, and the characteristics of F3 plants were analyzed after maturity.

2. The rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 were compared and tested in terms of growth period, bulk density, water absorption rate, protein content and wet gluten content.

3. The rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 2, characterized in that: The test results of Jimai No. 44 are: a growth period of 245 days, a bulk density of 808 g / L, a water absorption rate of 63.2%, a protein content of 15.24%, and a wet gluten content of 30.05%, which are better than the test results of Jinan No.

17.

4. The rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, wheat grains of Jinan No. 17 and Jimai No. 44 are taken at the same time and ground into flour, and then the dough formation time, stability time, maximum pulling resistance, pulling elongation and maximum stretching ratio are compared respectively.

5. The rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 4, characterized in that: The test results of Jimai No. 44 are dough formation time 6.3 minutes, stabilization time 10.7 minutes, maximum pulling resistance 544.7BU, pulling elongation 135.5mm, and maximum stretching ratio 4.02, which are better than the test results of Jinan No.

17.

6. The method for rapid breeding of early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition of Jimai No. 44 is 1, 7+8, and 5+10.

7. The rapid breeding method for early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 comprises the following specific steps: S31: Using Xindong 20 as the female parent and Jimai 44 as the male parent, obtain F0 seeds, and multiply and mix the obtained F0 seeds to obtain F1 generation seeds; S32: 600 to 800 harvested F1 seeds are cultivated in the laboratory until the heading stage, and a blower is used to simulate a force 5 to 8 wind to select the F1 wheat plants with normal growth; S33: Obtain F2 generation seeds from the screened F1 generation wheat plants, and cultivate 600-800 F2 generation seeds to the heading stage and then transplant them to the fungal environment in the laboratory to observe the wheat plants in a normal growth state after being infected by fungi; S34: Observe the normal growth of wheat plants in the fungal environment, and obtain F3 generation seeds from the selected F2 generation wheat plants.

8. The method for rapid breeding of early-maturing and high-yielding wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, after the F2 generation plants mature, they are distinguished based on the sowing season, and the plants in the greenhouse test field and the outdoor test field are compared and their characteristics are analyzed.

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