Preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and application of traditional Chinese medicine residue feed in mutton sheep breeding

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of feed, in particular to a preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and application of the traditional Chinese medicine residue feed in mutton sheep breeding. According to the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine residue feed provided by the invention, the content of harmful substances can be effectively reduced through specific fermentation process treatment, so that the nutritional ingredients of the feed are converted and improved; meanwhile, the obtained fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues are rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein, cellulose and mineral substances, are easy to digest and absorb and can be used as a high-quality feed raw material. The invention further provides a mutton sheep feed containing the traditional Chinese medicine residues. The feed has the advantages of being safe to use, promoting the growth and development of mutton sheep and improving the mutton quality. Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be used as a novel feed resource through microbial fermentation, and nutrient substances are provided for growth and development of ruminants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of feed, and in particular to a method for preparing a traditional Chinese medicine residue feed and application of the feed in mutton sheep breeding. Background Art

[0002] Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of development. As a major country producing traditional Chinese medicine, China has a wide distribution of medicinal materials with complex types.

[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly come from the production of raw materials, production of Chinese patent medicines, processing and preparation of Chinese medicinal materials, extraction and other processes, and are by-products of Chinese medicinal materials processing. Among the existing Chinese medicinal materials, plant-based medicinal materials account for more than 87%, and most of them are natural plants that can be used for feeding. These plant-based Chinese medicinal residues contain a large number of reusable nutrients and active ingredients such as cellulose, crude protein, lipids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and various trace elements, which can provide nutrients for livestock and poultry, especially ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep, and can also improve the immune function of livestock and poultry, maintain the homeostasis of free radicals in their bodies, and promote animal growth and development.

[0004] However, untreated Chinese medicine residues have high moisture content, are easy to spoil, have poor palatability, and are prone to excessive heavy metals. As a result, Chinese medicine companies generally treat them as waste and treat them by stacking, landfilling or incineration, and rarely use them for the development and utilization of feed resources. This consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, and also causes environmental pollution and waste of resources. If Chinese medicine residues are reasonably developed and utilized, it can reduce the pollution caused by excessive discharge of residues and avoid waste of resources.

[0005] Microbial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine residues uses plant-based Chinese herbal medicine residues as the main raw material. Through the metabolism of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria, spores, yeast, and Aspergillus, some macromolecular substances such as polysaccharides, proteins, and fats in the residues are degraded to produce small molecular substances such as organic acids and soluble small peptides, forming Chinese herbal medicine residue fermented feed with rich nutrition, good palatability, and high number of live bacteria. Chinese herbal medicine residue fermented feed has both nutritional value and medicinal value. Using Chinese herbal medicine residue fermented feed to replace conventional roughage can solve the current problem of shortage of roughage for cattle and sheep and reduce feed costs; at the same time, the medicinal active ingredients remaining in the Chinese herbal medicine residues can improve animal health and meat quality.

[0006] The present invention aims to realize resource utilization of Chinese medicine residues derived from edible natural raw materials by fermenting them, and apply them to the field of mutton sheep feed. Raising sheep with Chinese medicine residues can, on the one hand, solve the current problem of shortage of roughage for cattle and sheep and reduce feed costs; on the other hand, it can reduce environmental pollution caused by the discharge of Chinese medicine residues and protect the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a Chinese medicine residue feed and its application in mutton sheep breeding, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. After the fermented Chinese medicine residue prepared by the method of the present invention is fed to mutton sheep, the growth performance of mutton sheep can be effectively improved and the quality of mutton can be improved. At the same time, the present invention realizes the resource utilization of Chinese medicine residue and applies it to the field of feed, reduces feed costs, improves the nutritional value of feed, promotes animal digestion and health, and has great significance for the environmental pollution problem of medicine residue and the development of ruminant feed resources.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for preparing fermented Chinese medicine residue feed, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) drying the Chinese medicinal residue to a moisture content of 60-65%, and mixing with auxiliary materials to obtain a mixed material;

[0011] (2) mixing the mixed material with a composite bacterial agent, and performing closed fermentation to obtain fermented Chinese medicine residue;

[0012] (3) Mixing the fermented Chinese medicinal residue, roughage and concentrated feed for mutton sheep to obtain the Chinese medicinal residue feed, i.e., the fermented Chinese medicinal residue compound feed product for mutton sheep.

[0013] Further preferably, the Chinese medicine residue is fresh solid residue obtained by extracting other edible natural plants in the feed raw material catalog (refer to feed raw material catalog 7.6).

[0014] Further preferably, the edible natural plants include hawthorn, yam, astragalus and other plant species that have the functions of strengthening the stomach, promoting digestion and improving immunity.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Chinese medicine residue to the auxiliary material is (85-95): (5-15); the auxiliary material includes straw and / or bran; bran, straw, etc. as fermentation auxiliary materials can provide nutrients for the strain, such as carbon source and nitrogen source, and are conducive to the growth of the strain;

[0016] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent includes Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis; the effective viable bacteria count in the composite bacterial agent is 2×10 8 CFU / mL-4×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0017] Preferably, the dosage of the composite bacterial agent is 2%-4% of the mass of the mixture;

[0018] Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 30°C and the time is 14 days to 21 days.

[0019] Preferably, the mutton sheep include goats and sheep; the mutton sheep are a flock raised for meat production, and the physiological stage is from weaning to slaughter.

[0020] Preferably, the roughage for mutton sheep includes one or more of rice straw, peanut vines and hay; the concentrated feed includes the following raw materials: 50-60 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 25-35 parts of meal, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 1-2 parts of mutton sheep premix; the meal includes one or more of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and corn germ meal;

[0021] The mass ratio of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue, the roughage for mutton sheep and the concentrated feed is (3-4):(3-4):(2-4).

[0022] The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0023] The present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned traditional Chinese medicine residue feed in increasing the feed intake of mutton sheep, promoting the growth of mutton sheep and improving the quality of mutton.

[0024] Further preferably, the Chinese medicinal residue feed should be replaced gradually during use, that is, in the first week, the proportion of roughage replaced by the Chinese medicinal residue feed is 20%, in the second week, the proportion of roughage replaced by the Chinese medicinal residue feed is 30%, in the third week, the proportion of roughage replaced by the Chinese medicinal residue feed is 40%, and in the fourth week and thereafter, the proportion of roughage replaced by the Chinese medicinal residue feed is 50%.

[0025] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention provides a method for preparing a Chinese medicine residue feed, which can effectively reduce the content of harmful substances through a specific fermentation process, so that its nutritional components can be transformed and improved; at the same time, the fermented Chinese medicine residue obtained is rich in nutrients such as protein, cellulose and minerals, and is easy to digest and absorb, and can be used as a high-quality feed raw material.

[0027] 2. The present invention also provides a compound feed product containing Chinese medicinal residues. The fermented Chinese medicinal residues in the feed product contain active ingredients such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and saponins, which have the advantages of improving the immunity of mutton sheep, promoting the growth and development of mutton sheep, and improving the breed of mutton. The specific embodiment of the present invention investigates the growth-promoting effect of fermented Chinese medicinal residues on mutton sheep; according to the feeding needs and nutritional needs of sheep, the fermented medicinal residues and other feed raw materials are reasonably proportioned to prepare nutritionally balanced sheep feed, and the sheep are fed according to conventional feeding and management methods, and the growth, health status and other indicators of the sheep are observed and recorded. The results show that the mutton sheep feed made from fermented Chinese medicinal residues and other raw materials can increase the weight of Hu sheep, reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, and improve the meat quality of Hu sheep. It can be seen that Chinese medicinal residues can be used as a new feed resource through microbial fermentation to provide nutrients for the growth and development of ruminants.

[0028] 3. The crude fiber of the fermented Chinese medicine residue is reduced, the palatability is improved, the active ingredients and nutritional value are increased, and the application value of the residue is improved. In order to verify the feasibility and effect of fermented medicinal residue as sheep feed, the present invention conducted a sheep feeding experiment. The test results show that the growth status, feed-to-weight ratio and health status of the sheep using fermented medicinal residue as feed are better than those of the traditional feed group. At the same time, the feed cost is significantly reduced and the economic benefit is significantly improved.

[0029] 4. The present invention realizes resource utilization of Chinese medicine residues, converts the Chinese medicine residues, which were originally waste, into valuable feed raw materials, thus realizing maximum resource utilization. Since the sources of medicine residues are wide and the cost is low, using Chinese medicine residues as feed raw materials can significantly reduce feed costs.

[0030] 5. The present invention uses crude protein content as an indicator, adopts a single-factor orthogonal experimental design, optimizes the fermentation conditions of Chinese medicine residues, and studies and obtains the optimal conditions for fermenting Chinese medicine residues. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the residues and the strains are evenly mixed and fermented to promote the conversion of active ingredients in the residues. After that, the nutritional value and other indicators during the fermentation process are regularly monitored to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process, so that the feed is more in line with the nutritional needs of animals, improves quality, and thus improves the growth rate and health of animals.

[0031] 6. The present invention adopts liquid fermentation technology and selects microbial strains with strong ability to decompose drug residues and produce more beneficial metabolites, such as Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and other probiotics to culture and propagate the strains under sterile conditions, so as to provide sufficient strain resources for the subsequent fermentation process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0034] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0036] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0037] Preparation Example

[0038] 1. Strain Preparation

[0039] Aspergillus niger was purchased from China Microorganism Culture Collection Center with the catalog number ACCC 30557; Bacillus subtilis was purchased from China Microorganism Culture Collection Center with the catalog number CICC 10089; Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from China Microorganism Culture Collection Center with the catalog number CGMCC 1.556; and yeast was purchased from China Microorganism Culture Collection Center with the catalog number CGMCC2.2917.

[0040] 2. Strain activation and cultivation

[0041] Activation and cultivation of Aspergillus niger:

[0042] Aspergillus niger was inoculated on potato dextrose agar medium and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 33°C for 5 days. Then, a loop was taken from the potato dextrose agar medium with an inoculation loop and inoculated into 200 mL of potato dextrose liquid medium. The medium was cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 33°C and 150 r / min for 18 hours to obtain Aspergillus niger seed liquid, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The number of effective live bacteria in the Aspergillus niger seed liquid was 1×10 8 CFU / mL; the potato dextrose liquid medium is prepared by weighing 25 g of potato dextrose medium, adding 1 L of distilled water, stirring and mixing, and sterilizing at 121°C for 15 min; the potato dextrose agar medium is prepared by adding 2% agar powder to the potato dextrose liquid medium, sterilizing at 121°C for 15 min, dividing into portions and pouring into plates, and storing at 4°C for later use.

[0043] Activation and cultivation of Bacillus subtilis

[0044] Bacillus subtilis was inoculated onto LB solid medium and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 3 days. Then, a loop was taken from the LB solid medium with an inoculation loop and inoculated into 200 mL LB liquid medium. The culture was shaken at 150 r / min at 30°C for 18 hours to obtain Bacillus subtilis seed liquid, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The effective viable bacteria count in the Bacillus subtilis seed liquid was 1×10 8 CFU / mL; LB liquid medium is prepared by weighing 20 g LB medium, adding 1 L distilled water, stirring and mixing, and sterilizing by high pressure at 121°C for 15 min; LB solid medium is prepared by adding 2% agar powder to LB liquid medium;

[0045] Activation and cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum

[0046] The plant lactobacillus was inoculated onto the MRS solid medium and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 3 days. Then, a loop was taken from the MRS solid medium with an inoculation loop and inoculated into 200 mL of MRS liquid medium. The culture was shaken at 150 r / min at 30°C for 18 hours to obtain the plant lactobacillus seed solution, which can be used for inoculation and fermentation. The effective viable bacteria count of the Bacillus subtilis seed solution was 1×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0047] Yeast activation and cultivation

[0048] The yeast was inoculated onto a yeast solid culture medium (agar was added to the yeast liquid culture medium, and the concentration of agar was 2%), and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 30°C for 3 days. After that, a loop was taken from the yeast solid culture medium with an inoculation loop and inoculated into 200 mL of yeast liquid culture medium. The culture was shaken at 150 r / min at 33°C for 18 hours to obtain a yeast seed solution, which could be used for inoculation fermentation. The number of effective live bacteria in the yeast seed solution was 1×10 8 CFU / mL; the yeast liquid culture medium is composed of 20 g of glucose, 20 g of protein peptide, and 10 g of yeast extract, added with 1 L of distilled water, stirred and mixed, and sterilized at 121°C for 15 min.

[0049] Example 1 Screening of bacterial combinations for fermentation of Chinese medicinal residues

[0050] 1. Bacteria

[0051] Aspergillus niger seed solution, Bacillus subtilis seed solution, Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution and yeast seed solution were prepared according to the preparation method, and the effective viable counts were adjusted to 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0052] 2. Materials

[0053] The Chinese medicine residue was purchased from Jiangxi Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., and its main component was the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets".

[0054] 3. Grouping

[0055] The seed liquid was divided into Lactobacillus plantarum group, Aspergillus niger group, yeast group, and Bacillus subtilis group and was divided into 15 groups according to different combinations; among them, the composite bacterial liquid treatment was obtained by mixing the seed liquid of each strain in equal proportion. Taking the Lactobacillus plantarum + Aspergillus niger group as an example, the Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and the Aspergillus niger seed liquid were mixed in equal proportions to obtain the composite bacterial liquid of this group.

[0056] 4. Experimental methods

[0057] After mixing 9g of fresh sample of Chinese medicine residue with 1g of auxiliary material (auxiliary material is straw), the bacterial liquid in the above groups was inoculated into the mixture, and the inoculation amount of the bacterial liquid was 3% based on the mass of the mixture. The temperature was 30°C and fermented for 7 days. After that, the crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of the fresh sample were determined. The best bacterial combination was screened to study the effects of different bacterial combinations on the components of fresh sample of fermented Chinese medicine residue.

[0058] 5. Testing indicators and methods

[0059] The crude protein was determined by the Kjeldahl method.

[0060] The detection method of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber refers to the operating instructions of the semi-automatic fiber analyzer.

[0061] 6. Comparison of fermentation effects of different bacterial species on Chinese medicine residues

[0062] Table 1 Effects of different bacterial combinations on the nutritional content of traditional Chinese medicine residues

[0063]

[0064] Its components were determined under the conditions of temperature of 30°C, inoculation amount of 3%, water content of 50%, and fermentation for 7 days. The results showed that: under the conditions of fermentation temperature of 30°C, substrate addition amount of 10%, bacterial agent inoculation amount of 3%, and fermentation for 7 days, its components were determined. The results showed that the protein content of Group 15 (the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum + Aspergillus niger + Bacillus subtilis) was the highest, and the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was low; therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum + Aspergillus niger + Bacillus subtilis was selected as the best bacterial combination (Table 1).

[0065] Example 2 Optimization of fermentation conditions of Chinese medicinal residues

[0066] 1. Bacteria

[0067] Example 1 of composite bacterial agent selection The best combination of strains screened was Aspergillus niger + Lactobacillus plantarum + Bacillus subtilis. The Aspergillus niger seed solution, Bacillus subtilis seed solution and Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution prepared according to the method of the preparation example had an effective viable count of 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0068] 2. Materials

[0069] The Chinese medicine residue was purchased from Jiangxi Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., and its main component was the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets".

[0070] 3. Experimental methods

[0071] Four factors, namely, strain combination, inoculation amount, fermentation time and bran addition amount, were selected as experimental factors. Orthogonal fermentation experiments were conducted with three levels of each factor. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined by crude protein content. The specific groups are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0072] Table 2 Orthogonal header design

[0073]

[0074] Table 3 Orthogonal factor level table

[0075]

[0076] 4. Statistical analysis

[0077] The experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using the general linear model in IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. When the F test showed significant differences, Duncan's multiple comparisons were performed, and P < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0078] 5. Results

[0079] The purpose of using orthogonal test is to find the optimal level of experimental factors with fewer experiments. The change of crude protein content of fermented medicinal residue products under different fermentation parameters is of great significance to the quality evaluation of fermentation products, which is convenient for optimizing the fermentation process according to production needs. The statistical results are shown in Table 4.

[0080] Table 4 Visual analysis of orthogonal test of traditional Chinese medicine residue fermented with composite bacterial agent

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] As shown in Table 4, the optimal conditions for the composite bacterial agent fermentation of Chinese medicine residues are the volume ratio of Aspergillus niger seed solution, Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution and Bacillus subtilis seed solution of 1:2:1, inoculation amount of 4%, bran addition amount of 15%, and fermentation time of 21d.

[0084] Example 3 Animal Experimental Study

[0085] Effects of fermented Chinese medicinal residues on growth performance, blood parameters and meat quality of Hu sheep

[0086] 1. Materials and methods

[0087] 1.1 Preparation of bacterial agents: The composite bacterial agent is a bacterial agent combination screened by the present invention (the volume ratio of Aspergillus niger fermentation broth: Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation broth: Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is 1:2:1). The bacterial activation and culture methods are as described above. The effective viable counts of the fermentation broths of the three bacteria are all 1×10 8 CFU / mL. The single bacterial agent was donated by Nanjing Agricultural University. The main strain was Lactobacillus plantarum, and the effective viable count was 1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0088] 1.2 Chinese medicine residue: purchased from Jiangxi Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., its main component is the solid by-product of the Chinese patent medicine "Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets".

[0089] 1.3 Fermented Chinese medicinal residues: Naturally fermented Chinese medicinal residues are prepared by natural anaerobic fermentation of Chinese medicinal residues. The composite bacterial agent fermented Chinese medicinal residues are prepared according to the Chinese medicinal residue preparation method under the optimal conditions screened out in Example 1 and Example 2. The composite bacterial agent is a mixture of Aspergillus niger seed liquid, Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid and Bacillus subtilis seed liquid in a volume ratio of 1:2:1, with an inoculation amount of 4%, a bran addition amount of 10%, and a fermentation time of 21 days; the Chinese medicinal residue preparation method of the single bacterial agent group is as follows: the inoculation amount of Lactobacillus plantarum is 3%, the bran addition amount is 10%, and the fermentation time is 21 days.

[0090] 1.4 Experimental Animal Grouping

[0091] 64 healthy and disease-free fattening Hu sheep rams weighing about 30 kg were selected and randomly divided into a control group, a natural fermentation group, a compound bacterial agent group and a single bacterial agent group. Each group had 4 replicates, and each replicate had 4 sheep, which were raised in separate pens and fed freely. Among them, the roughage fed to the mutton sheep in the control group was all peanut vines, and the roughage fed to the natural fermentation group, the compound bacterial agent group, and the single bacterial agent group was fermented Chinese medicine residue + peanut vines, in which the dry matter ratio of fermented Chinese medicine residue and peanut vines was 1:1. The test time was 90 days, including a pre-feeding period of 30 days and a main test period of 60 days. During the test period, all experimental sheep were fed TMR, and the mass ratio of roughage to concentrate was 6:4. The components and nutritional levels of the concentrate feed are shown in Table 5.

[0092] Table 5 Concentrated feed composition and nutritional level (air-dried concentrated feed)

[0093] raw material content / % Nutritional level / % content / % corn 55.00 Dry matter DM 89.45 Wheat bran 10.00 Metabolizable energy ME / (MJ / kg)2 12.93 Soybean meal 20.00 Crude Protein CP 26.64 Corn Germ Meal 10.00 Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) 16.98 Sodium bicarbonate 1.50 Acid Detergent Fiber ADF 7.07 Stone powder 2.00 Coarse ash 6.91 Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate 0.50 calcium 0.94 <![CDATA[Meat sheep premix 1) > 1.00 phosphorus 0.49 total 100

[0094] Note: Sheep premix 1) Provides: VA 2640IU, VD 302IU, VE 17mg, Fe 60mg, Cu 10mg, Zn 36mg, Mn 48mg, Co 0.12mg, I 0.3mg and Se 0.24mg per kilogram of feed.

[0095] 1.5 Feeding and management

[0096] During the pre-feeding period, the three groups of Chinese medicinal residues adopted a step-by-step feeding mode, that is, according to dry matter, in the first week of feeding, the fermented Chinese medicinal residues replaced 10% of the roughage, in the second week, the fermented Chinese medicinal residues replaced 20% of the roughage, in the third week, the fermented Chinese medicinal residues replaced 30% of the roughage, in the fourth week, the fermented Chinese medicinal residues replaced 40% of the roughage, and in the fifth week and thereafter, the fermented Chinese medicinal residues replaced 50% of the roughage. In other words, at the beginning of the trial period, the feeding amount of Chinese medicinal residues and peanut vines in the three groups of Chinese medicinal residues was mixed according to the dry matter ratio of 1:1, and the fermented Chinese medicinal residues, peanut vines, and concentrated feed were fed according to the dry matter ratio of 3:3:4. During the feeding process, pay close attention to the physiological health of the flock, and reduce the feeding amount of Chinese medicinal residues as appropriate if diarrhea and other phenomena are found.

[0097] 2. Measurement indicators

[0098] 2.1 Growth performance

[0099] On the 1st and 60th day of the experiment, each pig was weighed on an empty stomach, and the daily feed intake was recorded. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-weight ratio (F / G) of each group were calculated using the following formula:

[0100] Average daily weight gain = total weight gain / number of test days;

[0101] Average daily feed intake = total feed intake / number of experimental days;

[0102] Feed-to-weight ratio = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain.

[0103] 2.2 Blood indicators

[0104] Before morning feeding on the 30th and 60th days of the experiment, 8 Hu sheep with similar weight and close to the average value of the group were randomly selected from each replicate, two in each replicate, a total of 32, and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava, and the serum was separated and stored in a refrigerator at -20°C. The immune indexes were determined by using an ELISA kit to determine serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM. The kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Co., Ltd. and determined according to the kit instructions; antioxidant indexes (total antioxidant capacity activity, total superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content) were determined.

[0105] 2.3 Meat quality indicators

[0106] Four sheep were randomly selected from the natural drug residue group, the compound microbial agent group, and the single microbial agent group, with one sheep in each replicate. A total of 12 Hu sheep were weighed and slaughtered, and the measured indicators were as follows:

[0107] Back fat thickness: Use a vernier caliper to measure the thickness of subcutaneous fat on the back at the junction of the 12th and 13th thoracic vertebrae, and repeat 3 times.

[0108] pH: The pH of the back muscle samples was measured within 45 minutes. At the same time, the back muscle samples were placed in a 4°C refrigerator for 24 hours, and then the pH was measured for 24 hours using a portable pH meter (S20K, METTLER TOLEDO, Switzerland). This was repeated three times.

[0109] Meat color: Take a 1 cm thick longissimus dorsi muscle sample and use MiniScanEZ colorimeter to measure the brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values ​​of the longissimus dorsi muscle 45 minutes after slaughter, and repeat 3 times.

[0110] Cooking loss: Take about 20g of back muscle sample, seal it in a plastic bag, place it in a constant temperature water bath so that the center temperature of the meat sample reaches 70℃, cool it to room temperature, weigh it, and calculate it.

[0111] Shear force: used to measure the cooking loss. After cooling, the sample was placed in a conical sampler to obtain a sample with a diameter of 2 cm and a height of 4 cm. The shear force of the longissimus dorsi muscle was measured using a BROOKFIELD CT3 texture analyzer. Each sample was repeated 3 times.

[0112] Drip loss: Take 5×4×3cm of back muscle, weigh it and hang it in a food bag to avoid contact between the meat sample and the food bag. Place it in a 4℃ refrigerator for 24 hours, then take it out, use filter paper to absorb the moisture on the surface of the meat sample and weigh it to calculate the drip loss (24 hours).

[0113] 3. Statistical analysis

[0114] The experimental data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using the general linear model in IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. When the F test showed significant differences, Duncan's multiple comparisons were performed, and P < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0115] 4. Results

[0116] 4.1 Effects of fermented Chinese medicine residue on the growth performance of Hu sheep

[0117] The effects of fermented Chinese medicine residue on the growth performance of Hu sheep are shown in Table 6.

[0118] Table 6 Effects of fermented Chinese medicine residue on growth performance of Hu sheep

[0119]

[0120] As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the control group: there was no significant difference in the initial weight and final weight of the experimental sheep in the three fermented Chinese medicine residue groups (P>0.05), but the average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio of the meat sheep were significantly reduced (P<0.05); the daily weight gain of the composite bacterial agent group was significantly higher than that of the control group, natural fermentation group and single bacterial agent group (P<0.05).

[0121] The above test results show that feeding the fermented Chinese medicine residue prepared by this technical achievement can significantly increase the average daily weight gain of mutton sheep and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio, and the effect is significantly better than that of the natural fermentation group and the single bacterial agent group.

[0122] 4.2 Effects of fermented Chinese medicine residues replacing part of roughage on blood parameters of Hu sheep

[0123] The effect of replacing part of the roughage with fermented Chinese medicine residue on the blood indicators of Hu sheep is shown in Table 7.

[0124] Table 7 Effect of fermented Chinese medicine residue replacing part of roughage on blood of Hu sheep meat

[0125]

[0126] As shown in Table 7, compared with the control group, the serum superoxide dismutase activity of the composite bacterial group was significantly increased on the 30th and 60th days (P<0.05), the total antioxidant capacity of the single bacterial group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the 60th day (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the antioxidant indexes between the natural fermentation group and the control group (P>0.05); the immunoglobulin IgA content of the composite bacterial group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the 30th and 60th days (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the immunoglobulin levels between the single fermentation group and the natural fermentation group and the control group (P>0.05).

[0127] The above results show that feeding the fermented Chinese medicine residue prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the immune index and antioxidant index of Hu sheep.

[0128] 4.3 Effect of fermented Chinese medicine residues replacing part of roughage on the quality of Hu sheep meat

[0129] The effect of replacing part of the roughage with fermented Chinese medicine residue on the quality of Hu sheep meat is shown in Table 8.

[0130] Table 8 Effect of fermented Chinese medicine residue replacing part of roughage on the quality of Hu sheep meat

[0131] project Natural fermentation group Compound bacterial agent group Single bacterial agent group P-value Back fat thickness mm 1.51 1.46 1.56 0.635 pH45min 6.65 6.67 6.57 0.628 pH24h 6.27 6.12 6.11 0.440 L*45min 30.23 28.33 29.33 0.615 a*45min 15.50 17.32 16.32 0.536 b*45min 2.54 2.31 2.30 0.575 Drip loss 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.067 Shear force <![CDATA[46.72 a ]]> <![CDATA[32.86 b ]]> <![CDATA[36.86 b ]]> 0.016 Cooking loss <![CDATA[0.28 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.20 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.24 ab ]]> 0.031

[0132] As shown in Table 8, compared with the natural fermentation group, the shear force of mutton in the composite bacteria group and the single bacteria group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the cooking loss of mutton in the composite bacteria group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in other indicators (P>0.05).

[0133] The above results show that feeding the Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by the present invention significantly reduces the shear force of mutton and has a trend of significantly reducing drip loss, indicating that feeding the Chinese medicine residue feed prepared by the present invention can improve the meat quality of mutton. In actual production, microbial fermentation Chinese medicine residue can be appropriately added to the feed to improve the quality of livestock products.

[0134] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Chinese medicine residue feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) drying the Chinese medicinal residue to a moisture content of 60-65%, and mixing with auxiliary materials to obtain a mixed material; (2) mixing the mixed material with a composite bacterial agent, and performing closed fermentation to obtain fermented Chinese medicine residue; (3) Mixing the fermented Chinese medicine residue, roughage for mutton sheep and concentrated feed to obtain the Chinese medicine residue feed.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residue to the auxiliary material is (85-95):(5-15); the auxiliary material includes straw and / or bran.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the composite bacterial agent comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis; the effective viable bacteria count in the composite bacterial agent is 2×10 8 CFU / mL-4×10 8 CFU / mL.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage of the composite bacterial agent is 2%-4% of the mass of the mixed material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the closed fermentation treatment is 30°C and the time is 14 days to 21 days.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meat sheep include goats and sheep.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the roughage for mutton sheep comprises one or more of rice straw, peanut seedlings and hay; the concentrated feed comprises the following raw materials: 50-60 parts of corn, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 25-35 parts of meal, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 1-2 parts of stone powder, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 1-2 parts of mutton sheep premix; the meal comprises one or more of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and corn germ meal; The mass ratio of the fermented Chinese medicinal residue, the roughage for mutton sheep and the concentrated feed is (3-4):(3-4):(2-4).

8. A Chinese medicinal residue feed prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of the Chinese medicinal residue feed according to claim 8 in increasing the feed intake of mutton sheep, promoting the growth of mutton sheep and improving the quality of mutton.

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