Precise fertilization method, system and device for rice transplanter

Abstract

The invention discloses a precise fertilization method, system and device for a rice transplanter, and relates to the technical field of rice cultivation. Comprising the following steps: dividing a to-be-fertilized field into a plurality of sub-regions, analyzing the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, and taking an average value as the nutrient content of the field; the soil compactness is analyzed, and the nutrient penetration depth index is calculated in combination with environmental parameters such as soil temperature and humidity mean values; acquiring field salinity and alkalinity data, and calculating a soil nutrient effectiveness index in combination with the environmental parameters; correcting the fertilization longitudinal spacing and the fertilization depth according to the nutrient effectiveness index and the penetration depth index to obtain an accurate value; finally, the rice precise fertilization operation is completed through a rice transplanter according to the precise fertilization depth and the longitudinal distance. According to the method, soil nutrients and environmental parameters are dynamically combined, the fertilization precision is optimized, and the fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, and in particular to a precise fertilization method, system and device for a rice transplanter. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, rice is one of the important food crops in my country. The scientificity and accuracy of fertilization management during its planting process are directly related to the yield and quality of rice. However, traditional fertilization methods usually have problems such as inaccurate fertilizer application, uneven distribution, and low fertilizer utilization rate. On the one hand, due to the large spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrient distribution in the field, some areas may have excess nutrients, while other areas may have insufficient nutrients. This unevenness not only cannot meet the growth needs of rice, but may also lead to fertilizer waste and agricultural non-point source pollution. On the other hand, traditional fertilization methods usually ignore the effects of soil environmental parameters (such as soil compaction, humidity, temperature, and salinity) on nutrient effectiveness and fertilizer penetration depth, which makes it difficult for fertilizers to fully play their role, further reducing fertilizer utilization.

[0003] In addition, with the promotion of mechanized planting technology, rice transplanters are widely used in rice planting. However, the fertilization systems of most rice transplanters currently still use a fixed amount of fertilizer and a fixed depth of fertilizer, and fertilize with uniform parameters regardless of how the nutrient distribution and environmental conditions of the field change. This "one-size-fits-all" fertilization method is obviously difficult to meet the actual needs of different fields. It can neither meet the requirements of precision agriculture nor easily lead to a waste of fertilizer resources. Especially in special areas such as saline-alkali land, changes in soil salinity and nutrient effectiveness have a significant impact on crop growth, and traditional fertilization methods are even more difficult to achieve ideal results.

[0004] In view of this, there is an urgent need for a precise fertilization method that can combine the actual conditions of the field, comprehensively consider multiple parameters such as soil nutrient content, soil compaction, temperature and humidity, salinity, etc., so as to dynamically adjust the amount of fertilizer, fertilization depth and fertilization spacing. By organically combining with rice transplanting machinery, the amount and location of fertilizer application can be precisely controlled, which is expected to significantly improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, improve the rice growth environment, and provide technical support for the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0005] In the prior art, publication number CN119032702A discloses an intelligent precision fertilization method, system and medium for a rice transplanter, which demarcates the operating range of the rice transplanter to obtain a seedling raising area and a non-seedling raising area; comprehensively analyzes the field conditions of the rice fields corresponding to the seedling raising areas in combination with the regional status data; if the field conditions are analyzed to be a seedling raising area that is not suitable for seedling raising, staff are dispatched to the designated area to improve the mud layer and water level of the rice fields; if the seedling raising suitability level of the seedling raising area is obtained through analysis, the fertilization plan of each seedling raising area is configured in combination with the seedling raising suitability level to obtain the actual configured fertilizer amount of the seedling raising area; and the fertilization unit in the rice transplanter performs fertilizer loading operations according to the actual configured fertilizer amount of the seedling raising area. However, the fertilization plan of this method only configures the actual amount of fertilizer based on the appropriate level of seedling cultivation, and the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization are fixed values, but the position and depth of fertilization are not considered, which may lead to uneven fertilizer distribution and reduced fertilizer utilization rate, and cannot meet the development needs of precision agriculture, thus reducing the accuracy and effectiveness of the fertilization system.

[0006] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method, system and device for precise fertilization of a rice transplanter to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter, the specific steps comprising: Divide the field to be fertilized into several sub-areas of equal area, randomly select no less than 3 sub-areas for soil sample collection, and analyze the nutrient content in the collected soil samples, and use the average value of the nutrient content of the selected sub-areas as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the nutrient content includes the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter; Analyzing the soil compactness of the field to be fertilized, obtaining environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and calculating and generating a nutrient penetration depth index based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized include a mean soil temperature and a mean soil moisture; Obtain salinity data of the field to be fertilized, calculate and generate a soil nutrient effectiveness index based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and in combination with environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and correct the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain accurate values ​​of the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization; Based on the obtained precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task is calculated, and the rice transplanter completes the precise fertilization control of rice according to the determined single fertilizer discharge amount, longitudinal spacing of fertilization and precise value of fertilization depth.

[0009] Furthermore, the fields to be fertilized are divided into Sub-areas of equal area were selected, and a mark point was randomly set in each of the five depth ranges in the randomly selected sub-areas for soil sampling. The nitrogen concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the Kjeldahl reagent method, the phosphorus concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the chromatography method, and the potassium concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the flame photometry method. The average value of the five sampled soils was used as the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the sub-area. The depth range includes: underground ,underground ,underground ,underground and underground , and the average value of the nutrient content of all the selected sub-areas is taken as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, the nutrient penetration depth index is calculated and generated, wherein the formula for calculating and generating the nutrient penetration depth index is: ; In the formula, is the nutrient penetration depth index, is the mean soil moisture, is soil compaction, , and are the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the field to be fertilized, respectively; Among them, soil compactness The analysis method is: when a cone is inserted into the soil at a constant speed, the unit pressure of the soil on the cone is determined by the cone resistance method, which is recorded as cone resistance. Based on the cone resistance obtained, a comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with soil characteristic parameters to calculate the soil compactness. The soil characteristic parameters include soil density, soil moisture mean and soil organic matter concentration, where soil density is specifically the dry mass of soil per unit volume, and soil compactness is The specific calculation formula is: ; In the formula, is the soil density, is the concentration of soil organic matter, and are the weight coefficients of soil density and soil moisture mean, respectively, where and and Both are greater than 0.

[0011] Furthermore, the salinity data of the field to be fertilized is obtained, and based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, the soil nutrient effectiveness index is calculated and generated, wherein the specific formula for calculating and generating the soil nutrient effectiveness index is: ; In the formula, is the soil nutrient availability index, is the mean soil temperature, The optimal soil temperature for rice crop growth. The optimum soil moisture for rice crop growth. The salinity data of the field to be fertilized; Furthermore, the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization are corrected according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain the precise values ​​of the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization, wherein the precise value of the longitudinal spacing is calculated based on the formula: ; In the formula It is the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization. is the initial value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, is the threshold for judging the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, is the average height for growing rice. and are the preset weight coefficients, where and and Both are greater than 0.

[0012] Furthermore, the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization are corrected according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain the precise values ​​of longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization, wherein the precise value of fertilization depth is calculated based on the formula: ; In the formula, is the precise value of fertilization depth, is the initial value of fertilization depth, is the slope of the field to be fertilized, and are the preset weight coefficients, where and and Both are greater than 0.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the obtained nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient demand for rice growth and the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task is calculated, wherein the single fertilizer discharge amount is calculated based on the formula: ; In the formula, is the single fertilizer discharge amount, is the total amount of fertilizer to be applied to the field, It is the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization. is the total longitudinal length of the field to be fertilized, symbol Indicates rounding up.

[0014] The present invention further provides a precision fertilization system for a rice transplanter, wherein the precision fertilization system for a rice transplanter is used to execute the above-mentioned precision fertilization method for a rice transplanter, and comprises: A land nutrient parameter collection module is used to divide the area of ​​the field to be fertilized into several sub-areas, randomly select no less than 3 sub-areas to collect soil samples, and analyze the nutrient content in the collected soil samples, and use the average value of the nutrient content of the selected sub-areas as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the nutrient content includes the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter; A nutrient penetration characteristic analysis module is used to analyze the soil compactness of the field to be fertilized, obtain environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and calculate and generate a nutrient penetration depth index based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized include the mean soil temperature and the mean soil moisture; A fertilization spacing and depth correction module is used to obtain salinity data of the field to be fertilized, calculate and generate a soil nutrient effectiveness index based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and in combination with the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and correct the fertilization longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain accurate values ​​of the fertilization longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth; The precise fertilization control module is used to calculate the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task based on the acquired precise value of the longitudinal fertilization spacing. The rice transplanter completes the precise fertilization control of rice according to the determined single fertilizer discharge amount, longitudinal fertilization spacing and precise value of fertilization depth.

[0015] The present invention also provides a precise fertilization device for a rice transplanter, and the fertilization device adopts the precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter to perform fertilization.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: First, by dividing the field into several sub-areas and randomly collecting soil samples from no less than 3 sub-areas, the spatial distribution information of field nutrients is obtained, and the average nutrient content is calculated, thus avoiding the problem of excessive or insufficient fertilization caused by uneven nutrient distribution in traditional fertilization methods. At the same time, the influence of soil compaction parameters on nutrient penetration depth is evaluated, and the penetration depth index is calculated in combination with environmental parameters, so that the fertilization depth can be accurately adjusted to ensure that nutrients can effectively reach the absorption layer of rice roots, significantly improving fertilizer utilization. Secondly, the influence of soil salinity on nutrient effectiveness is fully considered. Some nutrients in soils with high salinity are easily fixed or inactivated. This scheme dynamically corrects the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization by calculating the soil nutrient effectiveness index, so that fertilizer can achieve the maximum effect under different saline-alkali conditions, thereby avoiding the problem of nutrient waste and rice growth retardation. In addition, combined with the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge during the fertilization task is calculated, and precise control is achieved through the rice transplanter. The field operation process is further simplified and the operation efficiency is improved. By using precisely calculated longitudinal spacing, depth and discharge volume of fertilizers, we can ensure the scientific and rational application of fertilizers, which not only meets the needs of rice growth but also avoids environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall system structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mounting platform of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1 main fertilizer box, 2 mounting table, 3 low-pressure air pump, 4 high-pressure air pump, 5 fertilizer distribution box, 6 slotting knife, 7 hanging rack, 8 adjustment seat, 9 bottom hanging plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0020] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0021] Example: See also Figure 1-Figure 4 , the present invention provides a technical solution: A precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter, the specific steps comprising: Step 1: Divide the field to be fertilized into several sub-areas of equal area, randomly select no less than 3 sub-areas to collect soil samples, and analyze the nutrient content in the collected soil samples, and use the average value of the nutrient content of the selected sub-areas as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the nutrient content includes the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter.

[0022] Divide the fields to be fertilized into Sub-areas of equal area were selected, and a mark point was randomly set in each of the five depth ranges in the randomly selected sub-areas for soil sampling. The nitrogen concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the Kjeldahl reagent method, the phosphorus concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the chromatography method, and the potassium concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the flame photometry method. The average value of the five sampled soils was used as the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the sub-area. The depth range includes: underground ,underground ,underground ,underground and underground , and the average value of the nutrient content of all the selected sub-areas is taken as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized.

[0023] The specific method of obtaining soil nutrient content is: let the sampled soil dry naturally at room temperature, avoid using high temperature, because this may change the chemical properties of the soil; remove impurities such as stones and roots through a 2 mm sieve. Mix a certain proportion of soil with deionized water (usually a soil to water ratio of 1:1 or 1:2.5), let it stand for a period of time and then set aside; Organic and ammonium nitrogen are determined using the Kjeldahl method, which involves the determination of the total nitrogen content in the soil by distillation and titration. This method is suitable for the determination of organic and ammonium nitrogen.

[0024] The ammonium molybdate method (colorimetric method) was used to determine the phosphorus concentration. The available phosphorus in the soil reacted with ammonium molybdate to form a blue complex, and its concentration was then measured using a spectrophotometer.

[0025] Potassium concentration was determined using flame photometry to measure exchangeable potassium in soil samples. Soil samples were extracted with a neutral ammonium acetate solution and then measured by a flame photometer.

[0026] Organic matter concentration: usually determined by ashing method or chemical oxidation method. The ashing method measures the mass of the residue by burning the sample at high temperature. The chemical oxidation method oxidizes the organic matter with a strong oxidant and measures the relationship between the amount of oxidant consumed and the organic matter concentration.

[0027] Step 2: Analyze the soil compactness of the field to be fertilized, obtain the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and calculate and generate the nutrient penetration depth index based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized. The environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized include the mean soil temperature and the mean soil moisture.

[0028] Based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, the nutrient penetration depth index is calculated and generated, wherein the formula for calculating the nutrient penetration depth index is: ; In the formula, is the nutrient penetration depth index, is the mean soil moisture, is soil compaction, , and are the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the field to be fertilized, respectively; Among them, the depth of nutrient penetration is analyzed by comprehensively analyzing the average soil moisture, soil compactness and nutrient content of the field to be fertilized. The nutrient penetration depth index It reflects the impact of soil environment on the penetration depth of fertilizer in the soil and directly determines the need to adjust the fertilization depth. The larger the value, the deeper the nutrients can penetrate and the larger the range of diffusion.

[0029] Soil moisture has a very important effect on the depth of nutrient penetration. Water is the medium for fertilizer dissolution and ion diffusion. Higher soil moisture can enhance the dissolution rate of fertilizers and the migration capacity of ions, thereby promoting deeper and wider nutrient penetration. Nutrient Penetration Depth Index Proportional to the mean soil moisture The larger the value, the deeper and wider the nutrient penetration, so the nutrient penetration depth index The larger the value, the less likely it is that soil moisture will have a decreasing effect on nutrient penetration. When humidity is low, the increase in humidity has a significant effect on the penetration depth; but when humidity reaches a higher level, its effect on the penetration depth tends to be flat. Therefore, through the logarithmic function This nonlinear relationship can be simulated well, and the actual effect of humidity on nutrient penetration depth can be quantified more scientifically.

[0030] Soil compaction represents the density and pore distribution characteristics of the soil, and has a significant inhibitory effect on the depth of nutrient penetration. The larger the value, the more compact the soil. Compacted soil will hinder the diffusion of fertilizer in the soil and reduce the penetration depth of nutrients. Therefore, soil compaction Nutrient Penetration Depth Index The effect of compactness on penetration depth is not a linear relationship, but has the characteristics of "increasing marginal effect", that is, the higher the compactness, the more significant its inhibitory effect on penetration depth. However, when the compactness is particularly high, the marginal effect of its inhibitory effect may slow down, so through the square root The form of can better simulate this relationship: when the compactness is low, the square root grows faster, reflecting that its initial inhibition on the penetration depth is weaker; when the compactness is high, the growth rate of the square root slows down, reflecting that the inhibitory effect of excessive compactness tends to be stable.

[0031] The nutrient concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) in the soil directly affects the diffusion speed and depth of the newly added nutrients in the fertilizer. Generally, the higher the nutrient concentration in the soil, the more sufficient the nutrients diffuse and the stronger the nutrient diffusion capacity. Therefore, the nutrient content in the soil is related to the nutrient penetration depth index. Proportional, through the exponential function This reflects the amplifying effect of nutrient concentration on infiltration behavior, that is, when the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increase, the diffusion of nutrients will have a significant effect, and the penetration depth index will therefore increase rapidly.

[0032] Among them, soil compactness The analysis method is: when a cone is inserted into the soil at a constant speed, the unit pressure of the soil on the cone is determined by the cone resistance method, which is recorded as cone resistance. Based on the cone resistance obtained, a comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with soil characteristic parameters to calculate the soil compactness. The soil characteristic parameters include soil density, soil moisture mean and soil organic matter concentration, where soil density is specifically the dry mass of soil per unit volume, and soil compactness is The specific calculation formula is: ; In the formula, is the soil density, is the concentration of soil organic matter, and are the weight coefficients of soil density and soil moisture mean, respectively, where and and Both are greater than 0.

[0033] Soil compaction The larger it is, the more compact the soil is; Soil density , which represents the dry mass of soil per unit volume. The higher the dry mass, the more compact the soil. The specific measurement methods include: determination by ring knife method or soil sample; Water can reduce the friction and adhesion between soil particles, thereby weakening the compaction. Therefore, the average soil moisture value is closely related to soil compaction. Inversely proportional; Organic matter, especially humus and the activity of soil microorganisms, can strengthen the bonding between soil particles and promote the formation of a looser aggregate structure. The formation of soil aggregate structure will increase the porosity of the soil and reduce the density, making the soil looser. Organic matter can improve the water retention and air permeability of the soil. A good organic matter content will enable the soil to maintain appropriate moisture, which helps to alleviate the compaction caused by soil drought or excessive water. By increasing the porosity of the soil, organic matter helps the soil maintain a loose structure and reduces the compaction of the soil caused by water accumulation. Therefore, the concentration of soil organic matter Soil compaction Inversely proportional, through the exponential function Indicates soil compactness It decreases rapidly with the increase of organic matter concentration.

[0034] At the same time, since soil humidity corresponds to water content, the greater the water content, the less friction and adhesion between soil particles, thereby weakening the compactness. Therefore, soil humidity has a greater impact on soil compactness, so it is set and and Both are greater than 0.

[0035] Step 3: Obtain salinity data of the field to be fertilized. Based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and combined with the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, calculate and generate the soil nutrient effectiveness index. According to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index, correct the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization to obtain the precise values ​​of the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization.

[0036] The salinity data of the field to be fertilized is obtained, and based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, the soil nutrient effectiveness index is calculated and generated. The specific formula for calculating and generating the soil nutrient effectiveness index is: ; In the formula, is the soil nutrient availability index, is the mean soil temperature, The optimal soil temperature for rice crop growth. The optimum soil moisture for rice crop growth. The salinity data of the field to be fertilized; The method for obtaining the mean soil temperature and the mean soil moisture is as follows: detecting the temperature and humidity of the selected sub-area, and taking the average values ​​of the temperature and humidity of the selected sub-area as the mean soil temperature and the mean soil moisture of the field to be fertilized.

[0037] The soil nutrient availability index Comprehensively reflects the impact of soil nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) content, soil moisture, soil salinity and organic matter content on fertilizer effectiveness, among which the soil nutrient effectiveness index The larger the value, the more nutrients are available in the soil.

[0038] Soil nutrient content is the core indicator for measuring soil nutrient content. These elements are the main nutrients required for crop growth. The higher their content, the more nutrients available in the soil in theory. Therefore, soil nutrient content and soil nutrient effectiveness index are closely related. Proportional, through the logarithmic function Used to simulate the phenomenon of diminishing marginal returns. When the nutrient content is low, its effect on nutrient effectiveness is significant; but when the nutrient content reaches a higher level, the effect of additional nutrients on nutrient effectiveness tends to be flat. Add the squares of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations and then take the square root , which is equivalent to calculating the "Euclidean norm" of the three nutrient concentrations, i.e., a comprehensive indicator of nutrient content. It is used to quantify the actual total amount of nutrients.

[0039] Soil moisture is a key parameter affecting nutrient effectiveness. Appropriate humidity can promote fertilizer dissolution and ion migration, thereby improving nutrient effectiveness. However, when the humidity is too high or too low, it will inhibit the release and utilization of nutrients: too low humidity makes it difficult for fertilizer to dissolve, and too high humidity may cause nutrient loss or hypoxia stress. Therefore, the difference between the mean soil moisture and the optimal soil moisture for rice crop growth is Soil nutrient availability index The optimal soil moisture and temperature data for rice crop growth are set by consulting relevant rice planting data and combining expert experience.

[0040] Soil salinity is a key factor affecting the effectiveness of soil nutrients. High salinity will cause nutrients to solidify or passivate, reducing their activity in the soil solution and thus reducing the effectiveness of nutrients. Therefore, the salinity of the field to be fertilized should be Soil nutrient availability index Inversely proportional, exponential function It can scientifically simulate the strong inhibitory effect of salinity on nutrient effectiveness, especially under medium and high salinity conditions, its negative impact will rapidly intensify, which is in line with the actual situation. It can be obtained by using a conductivity meter.

[0041] Soil organic matter content is an important indicator of soil fertility. Organic matter can improve soil structure, enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity, and provide trace elements required for crop growth. Therefore, the higher the organic matter content, the higher the effectiveness of soil nutrients. Therefore, the concentration of soil organic matter Soil nutrient availability index The square root function is proportional to organic matter, which can reflect the decreasing effect of organic matter on nutrient effectiveness: at lower content, the increase in content has a significant effect on improving nutrient effectiveness; at higher content, the improvement effect gradually weakens.

[0042] According to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index, the longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization are corrected to obtain the precise values ​​of the longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization. The formula for calculating the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization is: ; In the formula It is the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization. is the initial value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, is the threshold for judging the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, is the average height for growing rice. and are the weight coefficients of soil nutrient availability index, nutrient penetration depth index and average height of rice planting on the precise value of longitudinal spacing of fertilization, respectively. and and Both are greater than 0.

[0043] Among them, the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization , indicating the distance between the fertilizer discharge in the longitudinal direction, the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization The larger it is, the greater the distance between the discharged fertilizers in the longitudinal direction.

[0044] in, This part reflects the influence of soil nutrient conditions on the vertical spacing of fertilization, that is, according to the nutrient availability of the soil and Dynamically correct the longitudinal spacing between fertilization points when the soil nutrient availability is higher and the nutrient penetration depth is deeper, i.e. When the value is greater than the set fertilization longitudinal spacing judgment threshold, it means that the fertilizer has a strong diffusion ability in the soil and a wide coverage area, so the fertilization longitudinal spacing can be appropriately increased; If the soil nutrient availability is low or the permeability is weak, the fertilizer has a smaller range of action, i.e. When the value is less than the set fertilizer longitudinal spacing judgment threshold, in order to ensure that crops absorb enough nutrients, the fertilizer longitudinal spacing needs to be reduced. The square root of the soil nutrient effectiveness index reflects the impact of the effective content of nutrients in the soil on the fertilization distance. A larger value indicates that the soil nutrient utilization rate is high and the fertilization spacing can be appropriately widened. The logarithm of the nutrient penetration depth index reflects the diffusion depth and range of fertilizer in the soil. The design of the logarithmic function takes into account the marginal effect of nutrient penetration depth on fertilization spacing, that is, when the penetration depth is large, the impact on fertilization spacing tends to be gentle.

[0045] As the height of crops increases, the root system expands and the ability to absorb nutrients increases, so the fertilization spacing can be appropriately increased. When the height of crops is low (such as in the early growth stage), the root system distribution range is small. In order to ensure adequate nutrient supply, the fertilization spacing needs to be reduced. Directly reflects the growth stage of crops and their nutrient requirements.

[0046] At the same time, the soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index directly reflect the effect of fertilizer nutrients in the soil, so the and and Both are greater than 0.

[0047] According to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index, the longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization are corrected to obtain the precise values ​​of longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization. The formula for calculating the precise value of fertilization depth is: ; In the formula, is the precise value of fertilization depth, is the initial value of fertilization depth, is the slope of the field to be fertilized, and are the soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index, and the weight coefficients of the average height of rice planting and the slope of the field to be fertilized on the precise value of the fertilization depth, where and and Both are greater than 0.

[0048] in, This section quantifies the effects of soil nutrient diffusion capacity and nutrient availability on fertilization depth. When the nutrient diffusion depth is better, the fertilization depth can be appropriately reduced because the nutrients can already penetrate into the deeper soil layers. When the soil is relatively small, the fertilization depth should be appropriately increased to ensure uniform nutrient distribution. When the soil is larger (i.e., the available nutrient content in the soil is higher), the fertilization depth can be reduced to avoid over-fertilization; When it is small, the fertilization depth should be appropriately increased to ensure that the crops obtain sufficient nutrients. Used to describe the effect of nutrient penetration depth on fertilization depth. When it is larger, it indicates that there is no need to apply fertilizer too deeply; When it is smaller, it means that the fertilization depth needs to be increased; when When larger, The larger the value, the larger the square root, which reflects that the nutrient availability in the soil is high. At this time, the fertilization depth can be appropriately reduced, otherwise the fertilization depth can be appropriately increased.

[0049] Reflects the growth status and nutrient requirements of crops. The taller the crop, the wider the root system, and the lower the depth of fertilization can be to avoid seedling burn. Inversely proportional to the exact value of fertilization depth.

[0050] Tangent of slope Indicates the steepness of the terrain. The steeper the slope, the deeper the fertilizer needs to be applied to avoid loss of nutrients from the surface. It is directly proportional to the precise value of fertilization depth, avoiding the loss of surface nutrients.

[0051] Soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index are the most basic and direct factors affecting fertilization depth, which determine the distribution and utilization efficiency of fertilizer in the soil. Therefore, soil conditions should have a higher weight in the correction of fertilization depth, so set and and Both are greater than 0.

[0052] Step 4: Based on the obtained precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task is calculated, and the rice transplanter completes the precise fertilization control of rice according to the determined single fertilizer discharge amount, longitudinal spacing of fertilization and precise value of fertilization depth.

[0053] Based on the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient demand for rice growth and the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task is calculated. The formula for calculating the single fertilizer discharge amount is: ; In the formula, is the single fertilizer discharge amount, is the total amount of fertilizer to be applied to the field, It is the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization. is the total longitudinal length of the field to be fertilized, symbol Indicates rounding up; The total amount of fertilizer to be applied to the fields can be determined by referring to relevant rice planting data, combining expert experience and the area of ​​the fields to be fertilized.

[0054] See also Figure 2 The present invention further provides a precision fertilization system for a rice transplanter, wherein the precision fertilization system for a rice transplanter is used to execute the above-mentioned precision fertilization method for a rice transplanter, and comprises: A land nutrient parameter collection module is used to divide the area of ​​the field to be fertilized into several sub-areas, randomly select no less than 3 sub-areas for soil collection, and analyze the nutrient content in the collected soil samples, and use the average value of the nutrient content of the selected sub-areas as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the nutrient content includes the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter; A nutrient penetration characteristic analysis module is used to analyze the soil compactness of the field to be fertilized, obtain environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and calculate and generate a nutrient penetration depth index based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized include the mean soil temperature and the mean soil moisture; A fertilization spacing and depth correction module is used to obtain salinity data of the field to be fertilized, calculate and generate a soil nutrient effectiveness index based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and in combination with the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and correct the fertilization longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain accurate values ​​of the fertilization longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth; The precise fertilization control module is used to calculate the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task based on the acquired precise value of the longitudinal fertilization spacing. The rice transplanter completes the precise fertilization control of rice according to the determined single fertilizer discharge amount, longitudinal fertilization spacing and precise value of fertilization depth.

[0055] See also Figure 3-Figure 4 The present invention also provides a precision fertilization device for a rice transplanter, and the fertilization device adopts the above-mentioned precision fertilization method for a rice transplanter for fertilization. Specifically comprising: a total fertilizer tank 1, the total fertilizer tank 1 is used to store liquid fertilizer, the total fertilizer tank 1 is installed on the rice transplanter, the total fertilizer tank 1 is composed of two left and right symmetrical fertilizer tanks, the total fertilizer tank 1 is connected to a mounting platform 2 through a pipeline, in this embodiment, the mounting platform 2 is arranged in the cab of the rice transplanter, and the mounting platform 2 is provided with a control console for controlling the operation of each mechanism; a low-pressure air pump 3 and a high-pressure air pump 4 are both arranged on the mounting platform 2, the low-pressure air pump 3 is connected to the mounting platform 2, the low-pressure air pump 3 is connected to the total fertilizer tank 1 through a low-pressure air inlet nozzle, the low-pressure air pump 3 is used to input the liquid fertilizer in the total fertilizer tank 1 into the fertilizer distribution tank 5 by pressurizing the total fertilizer tank 1, and the high-pressure air pump 4 is used to input the liquid fertilizer in the fertilizer distribution tank 5 into the fertilizer distribution tank 5 The liquid fertilizer in the soil is applied; the slotting knife 6 is used to open a fine groove deep in the side below the seedling planting row, which is used to facilitate the injection of liquid fertilizer into the rice seedling field directly below the seedling planting row; the hanging bracket 7 is fixedly connected to the total fertilizer box 1. When in use, a group of speed measuring mechanisms can be respectively arranged on both sides of the total fertilizer box 1 to improve the accuracy of the test; the adjusting seat 8 and the bottom hanging plate 9, the adjusting seat 8 is provided with three, and several adjusting seats 8 are connected to the rice transplanter. The adjusting seat 8 is provided with several bolt through holes. The position of the bottom hanging plate 9 is adjusted by connecting the bottom hanging plate 9 to different bolt through holes. Six slotting knives 6 are arranged in groups of two (three groups in total) at equal intervals on the bottom hanging plate 9.

[0056] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0057] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0058] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0059] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Divide the field to be fertilized into several sub-areas of equal area, randomly select no less than 3 sub-areas for soil sample collection, and analyze the nutrient content in the collected soil samples, and use the average value of the nutrient content of the selected sub-areas as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the nutrient content includes the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter; Analyzing the soil compactness of the field to be fertilized, obtaining environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and calculating and generating a nutrient penetration depth index based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized include a mean soil temperature and a mean soil moisture; Obtain salinity data of the field to be fertilized, calculate and generate a soil nutrient effectiveness index based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and in combination with environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and correct the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain accurate values ​​of the longitudinal spacing and depth of fertilization; Based on the obtained precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task is calculated, and the rice transplanter completes the precise fertilization control of rice according to the determined single fertilizer discharge amount, longitudinal spacing of fertilization and precise value of fertilization depth.

2. The precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Divide the fields to be fertilized into Sub-areas of equal area were selected, and a mark point was randomly set in each of the five depth ranges in the randomly selected sub-areas for soil sampling. The nitrogen concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the Kjeldahl reagent method, the phosphorus concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the chromatography method, and the potassium concentration of the sampled soil was obtained based on the flame photometry method. The average value of the five sampled soils was used as the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the sub-area. The depth range includes: underground ,underground ,underground ,underground and underground , and the average value of the nutrient content of all the selected sub-areas is taken as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized.

3. The precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, the nutrient penetration depth index is calculated and generated, wherein the formula for calculating the nutrient penetration depth index is: ； In the formula, is the nutrient penetration depth index, is the mean soil moisture, is soil compaction, , and are the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the field to be fertilized, respectively; Among them, soil compactness The analysis method is: when a cone is inserted into the soil at a constant speed, the unit pressure of the soil on the cone is determined by the cone resistance method, which is recorded as cone resistance. Based on the cone resistance obtained, a comprehensive analysis is performed in combination with soil characteristic parameters to calculate the soil compactness. The soil characteristic parameters include soil density, soil moisture mean and soil organic matter concentration, where soil density is specifically the dry mass of soil per unit volume, and soil compactness is The specific calculation formula is: ； In the formula, is the soil density, is the concentration of soil organic matter, and are the weight coefficients of soil density and soil moisture mean, respectively, where and and Both are greater than 0.

4. The precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to claim 3, characterized in that: The salinity data of the field to be fertilized is obtained, and based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, the soil nutrient effectiveness index is calculated and generated. The specific formula for calculating and generating the soil nutrient effectiveness index is: ； In the formula, is the soil nutrient availability index, is the mean soil temperature, The optimal soil temperature for rice crop growth. The optimum soil moisture for rice crop growth. The salinity data of the field to be fertilized.

5. The precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to claim 4, characterized in that: According to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index, the longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization are corrected to obtain the precise values ​​of the longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization. The formula for calculating the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization is: ； In the formula It is the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization. is the initial value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, is the threshold for judging the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, is the average height for growing rice. and are the preset weight coefficients, where and and Both are greater than 0.

6. The precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index, the longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization are corrected to obtain the precise values ​​of longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth of fertilization. The formula for calculating the precise value of fertilization depth is: ； In the formula, is the precise value of fertilization depth, is the initial value of fertilization depth, is the slope of the field to be fertilized, and are all preset weight coefficients, among which and and Both are greater than 0.

7. The precise fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to claim 6, characterized in that: Based on the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient demand for rice growth and the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization, the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task is calculated. The formula for calculating the single fertilizer discharge amount is: ； In the formula, is the single fertilizer discharge amount, is the total amount of fertilizer to be applied to the field, It is the precise value of the longitudinal spacing of fertilization. is the total longitudinal length of the field to be fertilized, symbol Indicates rounding up.

8. A precision fertilization system for a rice transplanter, used to implement the precision fertilization method for a rice transplanter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: A land nutrient parameter collection module is used to divide the area of ​​the field to be fertilized into several sub-areas, randomly select no less than 3 sub-areas to collect soil samples, and analyze the nutrient content in the collected soil samples, and use the average value of the nutrient content of the selected sub-areas as the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the nutrient content includes the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter; A nutrient penetration characteristic analysis module is used to analyze the soil compactness of the field to be fertilized, obtain environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and calculate and generate a nutrient penetration depth index based on the obtained soil compactness of the field to be fertilized and the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, combined with the nutrient content of the field to be fertilized, wherein the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized include the mean soil temperature and the mean soil moisture; A fertilization spacing and depth correction module is used to obtain salinity data of the field to be fertilized, calculate and generate a soil nutrient effectiveness index based on the obtained salinity data of the field to be fertilized and in combination with the environmental parameters of the field to be fertilized, and correct the fertilization longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth according to the obtained soil nutrient effectiveness index and nutrient penetration depth index to obtain accurate values ​​of the fertilization longitudinal spacing and fertilization depth; The precise fertilization control module is used to calculate the single fertilizer discharge amount during the fertilization task based on the acquired precise value of the longitudinal fertilization spacing. The rice transplanter completes the precise fertilization control of rice according to the determined single fertilizer discharge amount, longitudinal fertilization spacing and precise value of fertilization depth.

9. A precision fertilization device for a rice transplanter, characterized in that: The fertilizing device adopts the precise fertilizing method for a rice transplanter according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for fertilizing.

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