Method for preparing organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems, processing equipment and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by using soybeans and stems, processing equipment and an operation method, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing an initial organic fertilizer: preparing the initial organic fertilizer by using the soybeans, the stems, EM bacteria and water as raw materials and using initial organic fertilizer processing equipment; and S2, fermenting: fermenting the fermentation heap formed by the initial organic fertilizer by adopting a film covering composting fermentation method or a turning composting fermentation method to obtain the organic fertilizer. According to the equipment, the mixing cavity, the feeding device and the smashing mechanism can efficiently treat raw materials, manual intervention is reduced, and the uniformity and consistency of the raw materials are ensured. EM bacteria are used for fermentation, and a film covering composting and turning composting fermentation method is combined, so that the nutritional ingredients of the final organic fertilizer can be effectively improved. The process not only can promote the decomposition of organic matters, but also can increase the activity of microorganisms, and improve the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer and the soil improvement capability. A film covering composting fermentation method and a turning composting fermentation method are provided and can be flexibly adjusted in different environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer technology, in particular to a method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, processing equipment and an operating method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of agricultural production, the demand for fertilizers is increasing, especially the use of organic fertilizers is gaining more and more attention. Although traditional chemical fertilizers can effectively increase crop yields, their long-term use will have a negative impact on the soil environment, leading to soil degradation, heavy metal accumulation and water pollution. Therefore, the development of organic fertilizers is not only in line with the development direction of sustainable agriculture, but also can improve soil health and crop quality.

[0003] Currently, there are many methods for making organic fertilizers, but most of them have problems such as complex operations and low production efficiency. In order to improve the production efficiency and quality of organic fertilizers, researchers have conducted many explorations in process equipment and fermentation technology. How to use appropriate mechanical equipment to refine raw material processing and combine modern biological fermentation technology to improve the nutritional content of fertilizers and soil improvement effects is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art and to provide a method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, a processing device and an operating method.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: a method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, the method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Preparing initial organic fertilizer: using soybean, stem, EM bacteria and water as raw materials, using initial organic fertilizer processing equipment to prepare initial organic fertilizer, in which the weight ratio of soybean: stem: EM bacteria is 60:40:0.08-0.12; the humidity of the initial organic fertilizer is 50%-60%; the stem is lignified or semi-lignified grape stem, plum stem or pear stem;

[0007] The initial organic fertilizer processing equipment comprises a processing kettle with a mixing chamber, wherein a soybean inlet, a stem inlet and an EM bacterial agent inlet are arranged on the upper part of the processing kettle, at least one discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the processing kettle, a humidity sensor is arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber, a soybean proportioning chamber with a soybean feeding port is arranged on the soybean inlet, a stem proportioning chamber with a stem feeding port is arranged on the stem inlet, the soybean feeding port and the stem feeding port are both connected to the mixing chamber, a soybean feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle to connect the soybean proportioning chamber, a stem feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle to connect the stem proportioning chamber, a weighing mechanism is driven by a flipper in the soybean proportioning chamber / stem proportioning chamber, an opening of the weighing mechanism faces upward to form a material receiving and weighing state, and an opening of the weighing mechanism faces downward to form a feeding state, a liquid supply device is arranged outside the processing kettle, the liquid supply device extends from the top of the mixing chamber to the nozzle, and the processing kettle extends from the bottom to the mixing chamber into the stirring mechanism;

[0008] The soybeans are crushed into soybean powder by a soybean feeding device, and the particle size of the soybean powder is 1-2 mm; the stems are crushed into stem fragments by a stem feeding device, and the particle size of the stem fragments is less than 3 mm;

[0009] S2 fermentation: fermenting the fermentation pile formed by the initial organic fertilizer by using a film-covered compost fermentation method or a flip-over compost fermentation method to obtain organic fertilizer;

[0010] In the film-covered pile fermentation method, active bacteria agents are required to be added regularly, and the fermentation temperature is controlled not to be higher than 60°C. When the humidity of the fermentation pile is lower than 50%, a dropper is used for water replenishment. In the process of regularly adding active bacteria agents, the active bacteria agents are first dissolved in water, and then added to the fermentation pile using a dropper.

[0011] In the turning pile fermentation method, a combination of regular and irregular turning is used for fermentation. When the humidity of the fermentation pile is lower than 50%, water replenishment and turning operations are carried out. When the temperature of the fermentation pile is maintained at the preset temperature for seven days, it is turned once. The preset temperature is 55-65℃.

[0012] In the above-mentioned method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, in step S2, in the film-covered composting fermentation method, the fermentation pile parameters are as follows: the height is 0.8-1.0 meters, the width is 1.2-1.5 meters, the length is not less than 5 meters, 3 drip pipettes are laid at a height of 0.4 meters of the fermentation pile, 2 drip pipettes are laid at a height of 0.8 meters of the fermentation pile, and 3-4 drip pipettes are laid on the surface of the fermentation pile;

[0013] The dropper is made of hard plastic to ensure that it will not be flattened after the substrate is piled on; the fermentation pile is covered with black film; a shade net is placed on the fermentation pile to cool it down, and the distance between the shade net and the fermentation pile is kept at more than 50 cm; active bacteria are replenished every ten days. The specific type of active bacteria is EM bacteria, and the amount replenished each time is 0.5% of active bacteria powder dissolved in water. The fermentation time is from November to April each year. After April, the organic fertilizer is taken out and used. When not in use, it is naturally piled and used as needed.

[0014] In the above-mentioned method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, in step S2, during the turning and composting fermentation, the fermentation pile is 1.-1.2 meters high, 1.2-1.5 meters wide, and not less than 5 meters long; it is piled in a rain shelter, requiring high terrain, not to be exposed to rain, and not to accumulate water; the fermentation time is 60-65 days; when making the fermentation pile, choose a cement floor or a mud floor. When choosing a mud floor, first compact the ground, cover it with a ground cloth, and then pile it for turning and throwing.

[0015] A processing device for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, comprising a processing kettle with a mixing chamber, wherein at least an A material inlet, a B material inlet and a fermentation agent inlet are arranged on the upper part of the processing kettle, at least one discharge port is arranged on the bottom of the processing kettle, a humidity sensor is arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber, an A material proportioning chamber with an A feeding port is arranged on the A material inlet, a B material proportioning chamber with a B feeding port is arranged on the B material inlet, the A feeding port and the B feeding port are both connected to the mixing chamber, an A feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle to be connected to the A material proportioning chamber, and the processing kettle is provided with a plurality of feeding ports. A B feeding device is arranged outside the kettle and connected to the B material proportioning chamber. A weighing mechanism is driven by a flipper in the A material proportioning chamber / the B material proportioning chamber. The opening of the weighing mechanism faces upward to form a material receiving and weighing state, and the opening of the weighing mechanism faces downward to form a material feeding state. A liquid supply device is arranged outside the processing kettle, and the liquid supply device extends into the nozzle from the top of the mixing chamber. The processing kettle extends into the stirring mechanism from the bottom into the mixing chamber. The weighing mechanism and the humidity sensor are connected to the controller through a circuit, and the controller is connected to the A feeding device and the B feeding device through a circuit.

[0016] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for the method of making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, the A feeding device / the B feeding device includes a feeding barrel, a roller is rotatably arranged in the feeding barrel, a spiral blade is wound around the outer circumference of the roller, the roller passes through the feeding barrel and is driven and connected by a feeding motor, and the controller is connected to the feeding motor through a circuit; the inlet at the bottom of the feeding barrel is connected to the feeding hopper, a main crushing roller and an auxiliary crushing roller are rotatably arranged in the feeding hopper, the main crushing roller is driven and connected by a crushing motor, the controller is connected to the crushing motor through a circuit, and the outlet at the top of the feeding barrel is connected to the A material proportioning chamber / the B material proportioning chamber through a discharge pipe.

[0017] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for the method of making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, the A material proportioning chamber / the B material proportioning chamber is a tube with a channel, and a hinge shaft is rotatably passed through the tube. The flipper is a flip motor fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the tube, and the controller is connected to the flip motor through a circuit, and the rotating shaft of the flip motor is fixedly connected to the hinge shaft; the weighing mechanism includes a weighing trough fixedly connected to the hinge shaft, and a weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the weighing trough, and the weighing sensor is connected to the controller through a circuit.

[0018] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for the method of making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, the liquid supply device includes a water tank, the water tank is connected to a liquid supply pipe, a liquid supply pump is arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the controller is connected to the liquid supply pump through a circuit, and the end of the liquid supply pipe extends into the mixing chamber to connect the nozzle.

[0019] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for the method of making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor installed at the bottom of the processing kettle, the controller is connected to the stirring motor through a circuit, the rotating shaft of the stirring motor is fixedly connected to a stirring rod, the stirring rod extends into the mixing chamber from the bottom of the processing kettle, and the stirring rod is placed in the mixing chamber and a plurality of stirring blades are arranged on the rod body.

[0020] In the above-mentioned processing equipment for the method of making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems, a discharge valve is provided on the discharge port.

[0021] The operating method of the processing equipment for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems includes the following contents:

[0022] S1. Input the weight of soybeans and the weight of stems into the controller to form a fixed mass ratio of soybeans to stems; input the humidity range value into the controller to monitor the humidity of the reaction;

[0023] S2. Put soybeans into the feed hopper of the A feeding device. The controller starts the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller to rotate. The main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller crush the soybeans to the required particle size. The controller starts the feeding motor to drive the roller to rotate. The spiral blades rotate to lift the crushed soybeans to the outlet. The crushed soybeans fall into the weighing tank of the A material proportioning chamber through the discharge pipe.

[0024] The stems are put into the feeding hopper of the B feeding device, and the controller starts the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller to rotate, and the stems are crushed to the required size through the main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller; the controller starts the feeding motor to drive the roller to rotate, and the crushed stems are lifted to the outlet through the rotation of the spiral blade, and the crushed stems fall into the weighing tank of the B material proportioning room through the discharge pipe;

[0025] S3, the weighing sensor of the material A proportioning room sends the real-time weight signal of the crushed soybeans in the weighing tank to the controller. When the controller obtains that the crushed soybeans have reached the set weight, the controller controls the feeding motor of the A feeding device to stop; the controller starts the flip motor of the material A proportioning room to drive the weighing tank to rotate downward, and pours the weighed crushed soybeans into the mixing chamber;

[0026] The weighing sensor in the material B proportioning room sends the real-time weight signal of the crushed stems in the weighing tank to the controller. When the controller obtains that the crushed stems have reached the set weight, the controller controls the feeding motor of the B feeding device to stop; the controller starts the flip motor in the material B proportioning room to drive the weighing tank to rotate downward, and pours the weighed crushed stems into the mixing chamber;

[0027] Adding biological fertilizer fermentation agent into the mixing chamber through the fermentation agent inlet;

[0028] S4, the controller starts the liquid supply pump to output the water power in the water tank, and the water flows through the liquid supply pipe and the nozzle to the mixing chamber, and the water is mixed with the crushed soybeans, crushed stems, and biological fertilizer fermentation agent, and the crushed soybeans, crushed stems, and biological fertilizer fermentation agent absorb water and then compost;

[0029] S5, the controller starts the stirring motor to drive the stirring rod to rotate, and synchronously drives the stirring blade to rotate, so as to evenly stir the water, crushed soybeans, crushed stems and biological fertilizer fermentation agent in the mixing chamber; the humidity sensor sends the humidity signal in the mixing chamber to the controller in real time, and when the controller detects that the actual humidity is less than the set humidity range value, the liquid supply pump is controlled to start spraying water into the mixing chamber, and when the controller detects that the actual humidity is greater than the set humidity range value, the liquid supply pump is controlled to stop;

[0030] S6. When the crushed soybeans, crushed stems and biological fertilizer fermentation agent in the mixing chamber complete the decomposition reaction, the discharge valve is opened to discharge the organic fertilizer through the discharge port.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the method, processing equipment and operation method of making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems have the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. Improve production efficiency: By introducing automated initial organic fertilizer processing equipment and using soybeans and stems as raw materials, the present invention can significantly improve the production efficiency of organic fertilizer. The mixing chamber, feeding device and crushing mechanism in the equipment can efficiently process the raw materials, reduce manual intervention, and ensure the uniformity and consistency of the raw materials.

[0033] 2. Optimize fertilizer quality: Using EM bacteria for fermentation, combined with film-covered composting and flipping composting fermentation methods, can effectively improve the nutritional content of the final organic fertilizer. This process can not only promote the decomposition of organic matter, but also increase the activity of microorganisms, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency and soil improvement ability.

[0034] 3. Ecological and environmental protection: The raw materials used in the present invention are derived from soybeans and lignified or semi-lignified stems. The utilization of such resources can not only reduce the discharge of agricultural waste, but also effectively reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers, which meets the requirements of sustainable development.

[0035] 4. Reduce operational complexity: The processing equipment designed in the invention can simplify the operating process and monitor humidity and weight in real time through sensors, making the fertilizer production process more efficient and controllable, reducing human errors and improving production stability.

[0036] 5. Flexible fermentation management: The invention provides a film-covered pile fermentation method and a flip-over pile fermentation method, which can be flexibly adjusted under different environments to ensure the smooth progress of the fermentation process and improve the adaptability and effectiveness of the operation.

[0037] In summary, the present invention not only improves the production efficiency and quality of organic fertilizer through advanced process design and equipment configuration, but also promotes the development of sustainable agriculture, and has significant economic and ecological benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the processing equipment for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the feeding device in the processing equipment for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the proportioning room in the processing equipment for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the internal structure of the liquid supply device in the processing equipment for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems.

[0042] In the figure, 1, processing kettle; 1a, fermentation agent inlet; 1b, discharge port; 2, humidity sensor; 3, A feeding device; 4, B feeding device; 5, feeding hopper; 6, main crushing roller; 7, auxiliary crushing roller; 8, feeding barrel; 9, roller; 10, spiral blade; 11, feeding motor; 12, discharge pipe; 13, A material proportioning chamber; 14, B material proportioning chamber; 15, flip motor; 16, weighing trough; 17, weighing sensor; 18, water tank; 19, liquid supply pump; 20, liquid supply pipe; 21, nozzle; 22, stirring motor; 23, stirring rod; 24, stirring blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solution of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] The method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems specifically comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1 Preparation of initial organic fertilizer: soybeans, stems, EM bacteria and water are used as raw materials, wherein EM bacteria are biological preparations composed of more than 80 species of microorganisms from 10 genera, such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, filamentous bacteria, etc. These microorganisms are widely present in nature, and EM bacteria preparations are prepared by mixing and culturing these beneficial microorganisms in a certain proportion. The initial organic fertilizer is prepared using initial organic fertilizer processing equipment. In the initial organic fertilizer, the weight ratio of soybeans: stems: EM bacteria is 60:40:0.08-0.12; the humidity of the initial organic fertilizer is 50%-60%; the stems are lignified or semi-lignified grape stems, plum stems or pear stems;

[0047] There are several reasons for choosing soybeans and stems of lignified or semi-lignified grapevines, plum trees and pear trees as raw materials for making organic fertilizers: 1. Rich in nutrients: Soybeans: Rich in protein and nitrogen, they can provide a rich nitrogen source for organic fertilizers and promote plant growth and development. At the same time, soybeans contain a variety of trace elements and vitamins, which can improve soil fertility. Stems: The stems of these tree species are rich in cellulose and lignin, which can provide a good carbon source and promote the growth of soil microorganisms, thereby improving the quality of organic fertilizers. 2. Promote microbial activity: The combination of soybeans and stems can create a good microbial environment. The introduction of EM bacteria can accelerate the fermentation process, utilize the nitrogen source of soybeans and the carbon source of stems, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and thus improve the fermentation efficiency and quality of organic fertilizers. 3. Availability of materials: The stems of grapevines, plum trees and pear trees are often by-products of pruning in orchard management. The use of these materials can not only reduce waste and reduce environmental burden, but also provide a stable source of raw materials for organic fertilizer production. 4. Good physical properties: lignified or semi-lignified stems contribute to the structural stability of organic fertilizers, improve soil aeration and water retention, and enhance soil physical properties. 5. Environmental friendliness: Using agricultural waste (such as tree stems) and plant materials (such as soybeans) to make organic fertilizers helps to achieve resource recycling, conforms to the concept of sustainable agriculture, reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, and reduces environmental pollution risks. 6. Fermentation process control: The selection of these materials can easily control humidity and temperature during the fermentation process, promote effective microbial activity, and ensure the quality and stability of the final organic fertilizer.

[0048] In summary, choosing soybeans and lignified or semi-lignified tree trunks as raw materials can not only improve the nutritional content and microbial activity of organic fertilizers, but also achieve efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection.

[0049] The selection of the ratio of soybean, stem and EM bacteria at 60:40:0.08-0.12, as well as setting the humidity of the initial organic fertilizer at 50%-60%, is mainly based on the following considerations: 1. Nutritional balance: Soybean: As a raw material with a high nitrogen source, the higher ratio of soybean (60%) helps to provide sufficient nitrogen to support the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Nitrogen is a very important nutrient in organic fertilizers, which can promote the leaf growth and overall growth of plants. Stem: The ratio of stem is 40%, which provides a rich carbon source, especially cellulose and lignin, which helps to balance the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fertilizer. This ratio ensures that the microorganisms have sufficient nutrient supply during the fermentation process and promotes the smooth progress of fermentation. 2. Microbial activity: The addition of EM bacteria: The ratio of EM bacteria at 0.08-0.12% is optimized to ensure that the activity of beneficial microorganisms is promoted during the fermentation process. The right amount of EM bacteria can improve the decomposition efficiency, shorten the fermentation cycle, and enhance the quality of the final organic fertilizer. 3. Humidity control: Humidity is set at 50%-60%: This humidity range is the best condition for the fermentation of organic matter and helps the activity of microorganisms. Too low humidity will inhibit the growth of microorganisms, while too high humidity can easily lead to anaerobic environment and the breeding of harmful microorganisms. Therefore, 50%-60% humidity can maintain a suitable ventilation and moist environment to promote the effective fermentation of organic fertilizer. 4. Fermentation efficiency: Carbon-nitrogen ratio: The combination of soybeans and stems can provide a reasonable carbon-nitrogen ratio, which is suitable for the decomposition needs of microorganisms, helps to improve fermentation efficiency, and ensures the stability and nutritional content of the final product. 5. Final product quality: The above ratio and humidity settings ensure that the initial organic fertilizer has a high nutrient content, good soil improvement ability, and suitable biological activity, which helps to improve soil quality and plant growth.

[0050] In summary, the specific ratios of soybeans, stems and EM bacteria, as well as the humidity range, are selected to ensure that the initial organic fertilizer has a balanced nutrient content, appropriate microbial activity, and an efficient and stable fermentation process, thereby producing high-quality organic fertilizer.

[0051] The initial organic fertilizer processing equipment comprises a processing kettle 1 with a mixing chamber, wherein a soybean inlet, a stem inlet and an EM bacterial agent inlet are arranged on the upper part of the processing kettle 1, at least one discharge port 1b is arranged at the bottom of the processing kettle 1, a humidity sensor 2 is arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber, a soybean proportioning chamber with a soybean feeding port is arranged on the soybean inlet, a stem proportioning chamber with a stem feeding port is arranged on the stem inlet, the soybean feeding port and the stem feeding port are both connected to the mixing chamber, a soybean feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle 1 to connect the soybean proportioning chamber, a stem feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle 1 to connect the stem proportioning chamber, a weighing mechanism is driven by a flipper in the soybean proportioning chamber / stem proportioning chamber, an opening of the weighing mechanism faces upward to form a material receiving and weighing state, and an opening of the weighing mechanism faces downward to form a feeding state, a liquid supply device is arranged outside the processing kettle 1, the liquid supply device extends from the top of the mixing chamber to the nozzle 21, and the processing kettle 1 extends from the bottom to the mixing chamber into the stirring mechanism;

[0052] The soybeans are crushed into soybean powder by a soybean feeding device, and the particle size of the soybean powder is 1-2 mm; the stems are crushed into stem fragments by a stem feeding device, and the particle size of the stem fragments is less than 3 mm;

[0053] The advantages of the corresponding organic fertilizer processing equipment are as follows: 1. Efficient mixing and feeding: The equipment design includes a dedicated ratio chamber for soybeans and stems, which can achieve an accurate raw material feeding ratio (60:40) to ensure that the nutrients of each batch of organic fertilizer are balanced. This efficient mixing mechanism allows the raw materials to be fully contacted and promotes uniform fermentation. 2. Automated control: The humidity sensor 2 and weighing mechanism set in the equipment can realize full automation through the controller, and can monitor the humidity and weight in the mixing chamber in real time to ensure that the fermentation is carried out under the best conditions. This intelligent control greatly reduces the errors caused by human operation and improves production stability. 3. Optimized fermentation environment: The adjustable humidity and temperature control of the equipment enables the fermentation process to maintain ideal environmental conditions and maximize the activity of microorganisms. This flexibility ensures fermentation efficiency and shortens the production cycle. 4. Save time and labor costs: The design of the equipment reduces the need for manual operation and improves production efficiency. Through automatic feeding, mixing and monitoring, enterprises can process more raw materials in the same time and reduce labor costs.

[0054] S2 fermentation: fermenting the fermentation pile formed by the initial organic fertilizer by using a film-covered compost fermentation method or a flip-over compost fermentation method to obtain organic fertilizer;

[0055] In the film-covered pile fermentation method, active bacteria agents are required to be added regularly, and the fermentation temperature is controlled not to be higher than 60°C. When the humidity of the fermentation pile is lower than 50%, a dropper is used for water replenishment. In the process of regularly adding active bacteria agents, the active bacteria agents are first dissolved in water, and then added to the fermentation pile using a dropper.

[0056] In the turning pile fermentation method, a combination of regular and irregular turning is used for fermentation. When the humidity of the fermentation pile is lower than 50%, water replenishment and turning operations are carried out. When the temperature of the fermentation pile is maintained at the preset temperature for seven days, it is turned once. The preset temperature is 55-65℃.

[0057] In step S2, in the film-covered pile fermentation method, the fermentation pile parameters are as follows: height 0.8-1.0 meters, width 1.2-1.5 meters, length not less than 5 meters, 3 drip pipettes are laid at a height of 0.4 meters of the fermentation pile, 2 drip pipettes are laid at a height of 0.8 meters of the fermentation pile, and 3-4 drip pipettes are laid on the surface of the fermentation pile;

[0058] The dropper is made of hard plastic to ensure that it will not be flattened after the substrate is piled on; the fermentation pile is covered with black film; a shade net is placed on the fermentation pile to cool it down, and the distance between the shade net and the fermentation pile is kept at more than 50 cm; active bacteria are replenished every ten days, the specific type of active bacteria is EM bacteria, and the content of live bacteria in 1KG of fermentation agent is guaranteed to be not less than 50 billion; the amount replenished each time is 0.5% of active bacteria powder dissolved in water, and the fermentation time is from November to April each year. After April, the organic fertilizer is taken out and used. When not in use, it is naturally piled and used as needed.

[0059] In step S2, during the fermentation by turning and piling, the fermentation pile is 1.-1.2 meters high, 1.2-1.5 meters wide, and not less than 5 meters long; it is piled in a rain shelter, which requires high terrain, no rain, and no water accumulation; the fermentation time is 60-65 days; when making the fermentation pile, choose a cement floor or a mud floor. When choosing a mud floor, compact the ground first, cover it with a ground cloth, and then pile it for turning and throwing.

[0060] The importance of fermentation in organic fertilizer production is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Effective decomposition and transformation: The fermentation process can effectively decompose the organic matter in the raw materials, especially the cellulose, protein and other components in soybeans and stems. Through the metabolism of microorganisms, these substances are converted into nutrients that are easier for plants to absorb, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency of the final organic fertilizer. 2. Kill harmful pathogens: During the fermentation process, the activity of microorganisms will generate heat, which will increase the temperature of the fermentation pile. This high temperature condition helps to kill pathogens and pest eggs that may exist in the raw materials, reduce the risk of transmission of harmful substances, and thus improve the safety of organic fertilizers. 3. Improve soil structure and fertilizer performance: Fermented organic fertilizers have a good granular structure, which can improve the permeability and water retention capacity of the soil. At the same time, organic substances such as humic acid produced during the fermentation process can enhance the fertilizer performance of the soil and improve the growth and resistance of plants.

[0061] The covered pile fermentation method or the turned pile fermentation method is combined with winter pruning to crush the branches and then make compost.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] Based on the first embodiment, the difference of this embodiment is that:

[0064] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a processing device for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems includes a processing kettle 1 with a mixing chamber, at least an A material inlet, a B material inlet and a fermentation agent inlet 1a are arranged on the upper part of the processing kettle 1, at least one discharge port 1b is arranged on the bottom of the processing kettle 1, a humidity sensor 2 is arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber, an A material proportioning chamber 13 with an A feeding port is arranged on the A material inlet, and a B material proportioning chamber 14 with a B feeding port is arranged on the B material inlet, the A feeding port and the B feeding port are both connected to the mixing chamber, and an A feeding device 3 is arranged outside the processing kettle 1 to connect the A material proportioning chamber 1 3. A B feeding device 4 is arranged outside the processing kettle 1 and connected to the B material proportioning chamber 14. A weighing mechanism is driven by a flipper in the A material proportioning chamber 13 / B material proportioning chamber 14. The opening of the weighing mechanism faces upward to form a material receiving and weighing state, and the opening of the weighing mechanism faces downward to form a material feeding state. A liquid supply device is arranged outside the processing kettle 1, and the liquid supply device extends from the top of the mixing chamber to the nozzle 21. The processing kettle 1 extends from the bottom to the mixing chamber into the stirring mechanism. The weighing mechanism and the humidity sensor 2 are connected to the controller through the circuit, and the controller is connected to the A feeding device 3 and the B feeding device 4 through the circuit.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the A feeding device 3 / B feeding device 4 includes a loading barrel 8, a roller 9 is rotatably arranged inside the loading barrel 8, a spiral blade 10 is wound around the outer circumference of the roller 9, and the roller 9 passes through the loading barrel 8 and is driven and connected by a loading motor 11, and the controller is connected to the loading motor 11 through an electric circuit; the inlet at the bottom of the loading barrel 8 is connected to the feeding hopper 5, a main crushing roller 6 and an auxiliary crushing roller 7 are rotatably arranged inside the feeding hopper 5, the main crushing roller 6 is driven and connected by a crushing motor, and the controller is connected to the crushing motor through an electric circuit, and the outlet at the top of the loading barrel 8 is connected to the A material proportioning chamber 13 / B material proportioning chamber 14 through a discharge pipe 12.

[0066] Put the material into the feed hopper 5, start the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller 6 to rotate, and crush the material to the required particle size through the rotation and extrusion of the main crushing roller 6 and the auxiliary crushing roller 7. Start the feeding motor 11 to drive the roller 9 to rotate, and the spiral blade 10 rotates to lift the material until the material passes through the outlet and the discharge pipe 12 into the A material proportioning chamber 13 / B material proportioning chamber 14.

[0067] like Figure 3As shown, the A material proportioning chamber 13 / B material proportioning chamber 14 is a tube with a channel, and a hinged shaft is rotatably passed through the tube. The flipper is a flip motor 15 fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the tube. The controller is connected to the flip motor 15 through a circuit, and the rotating shaft of the flip motor 15 is fixedly connected to the hinged shaft; the weighing mechanism includes a weighing slot 16 fixedly connected to the hinged shaft, and a weighing sensor 17 is installed at the bottom of the weighing slot 16, and the weighing sensor 17 is connected to the controller through a circuit.

[0068] The tube is fixedly inserted into the A feeding port or the B feeding port, and the upper and lower parts of the tube are open. The upper opening of the tube is connected to the A feeding device 3 or the B feeding device 4, and the lower opening of the tube is connected to the mixing chamber. Under normal conditions, the flip motor 15 fixes the opening of the weighing trough 16 upward, and the material is put into the weighing trough 16 through the A feeding device 3 or the B feeding device 4. The material is weighed to the required weight through the weighing sensor 17, and the flip motor 15 drives the weighing trough 16 to rotate 180°, and all the materials in the weighing trough 16 are dumped into the mixing chamber.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the liquid supply device includes a water tank 18, a liquid supply pipe 20 is connected to the water tank 18, a liquid supply pump 19 is arranged on the liquid supply pipe 20, a controller is connected to the liquid supply pump 19 through a circuit, and the end of the liquid supply pipe 20 extends into the mixing chamber to connect the nozzle 21. The liquid supply pump 19 is started to output the water power in the water tank 18, and the water flows through the liquid supply pipe 20 and is sprayed into the mixing chamber by the nozzle 21 to participate in the stirring of the material.

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor 22 installed at the bottom of the processing kettle 1, the controller is connected to the stirring motor 22 through a circuit, the rotating shaft of the stirring motor 22 is fixedly connected to a stirring rod 23, the stirring rod 23 extends from the bottom of the processing kettle 1 into the mixing chamber, and the stirring rod 23 is placed in the mixing chamber and a plurality of stirring blades 24 are arranged on the rod body. The stirring motor 22 is started to drive the stirring rod 23 to rotate, and the stirring blades 24 are driven to rotate synchronously, so as to evenly stir at least two materials in the mixing chamber.

[0071] A discharge valve is provided on the discharge port 1b. The discharge valve can be an electric valve or a manual valve. If an electric valve is selected, the electric valve can be connected with a controller circuit to realize automatic control. When the materials in the mixing chamber are decomposed according to the proportion, the discharge valve is opened to discharge the finished product.

[0072] Embodiment 3

[0073] Based on the second embodiment, the difference of this embodiment is that:

[0074] The operation method of the processing equipment for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems includes the following:

[0075] S1. Input the weight of soybeans and the weight of stems into the controller to form a fixed mass ratio of soybeans to stems; input the humidity range value into the controller to monitor the humidity of the reaction;

[0076] S2, putting soybeans into the feed hopper 5 of the A feeding device 3, the controller starts the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller 6 to rotate, and the soybeans are crushed to the required particle size through the main crushing roller 6 and the auxiliary crushing roller 7; the controller starts the feeding motor 11 to drive the roller 9 to rotate, and the crushed soybeans are lifted to the outlet through the rotation of the spiral blade 10, and the crushed soybeans fall into the weighing tank 16 of the A material proportioning chamber 13 through the discharge pipe 12;

[0077] The stems are put into the feed hopper 5 of the B feeding device 4, and the controller starts the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller 6 to rotate, and the stems are crushed to the required size through the main crushing roller 6 and the auxiliary crushing roller 7; the controller starts the feeding motor 11 to drive the roller 9 to rotate, and the crushed stems are lifted to the outlet through the rotation of the spiral blade 10, and the crushed stems fall into the weighing tank 16 of the B material proportioning chamber 14 through the discharge pipe 12;

[0078] S3, the weighing sensor 17 of the material A proportioning chamber 13 sends the real-time weight signal of the crushed soybeans in the weighing tank 16 to the controller. When the controller obtains that the crushed soybeans have reached the set weight, the controller controls the feeding motor 11 of the A feeding device 3 to stop; the controller starts the flip motor 15 of the material A proportioning chamber 13 to drive the weighing tank 16 to rotate downward, and pours the weighed crushed soybeans into the mixing chamber;

[0079] The weighing sensor 17 of the material B proportioning chamber 14 sends the real-time weight signal of the crushed stems in the weighing tank 16 to the controller. When the controller obtains that the crushed stems have reached the set weight, the controller controls the feeding motor 11 of the B feeding device 4 to stop; the controller starts the flip motor 15 of the material B proportioning chamber 14 to drive the weighing tank 16 to rotate downward, and pours the weighed crushed stems into the mixing chamber;

[0080] Add biological fertilizer fermentation agent into the mixing chamber through the fermentation agent inlet 1a;

[0081] S4, the controller starts the liquid supply pump 19 to output the water power in the water tank 18, and the water flows through the liquid supply pipe 20 and is sprayed into the mixing chamber by the nozzle 21, and the water is mixed with the crushed soybeans, crushed stems, and biological bacterial fertilizer fermentation agent, and the crushed soybeans, crushed stems, and biological bacterial fertilizer fermentation agent absorb water and then compost;

[0082] S5, the controller starts the stirring motor 22 to drive the stirring rod 23 to rotate, and synchronously drives the stirring blade 24 to rotate, so as to evenly stir the water, crushed soybeans, crushed stems and biological fertilizer fermentation agent in the mixing chamber; the humidity sensor 2 sends the humidity signal in the mixing chamber to the controller in real time, and when the controller detects that the actual humidity is less than the set humidity range value, the liquid supply pump 19 is controlled to start spraying water into the mixing chamber, and when the controller detects that the actual humidity is greater than the set humidity range value, the liquid supply pump 19 is controlled to stop;

[0083] Continuously stirring the mixed materials by the stirring blades 24 is beneficial to improving the uniformity of the mixing of various materials, increasing the oxygen content of the entire compost, promoting the activity and decomposition rate of microorganisms, making the organic matter decompose more evenly, and avoiding the situation where some parts are over-decomposed and other parts are under-decomposed.

[0084] S6. When the crushed soybeans, crushed stems and biological fertilizer fermentation agent in the mixing chamber complete the decomposition reaction, the discharge valve is opened to discharge the organic fertilizer through the discharge port 1b.

[0085] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. A person skilled in the art of the present invention may make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner, but will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the defined scope. Although the present invention is described and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description, such descriptions and descriptions are considered to be illustrative or exemplary rather than restrictive. It should be understood that within the scope of the following claims, changes and modifications may be made by a person of ordinary skill. Specifically, the present invention encompasses additional embodiments having any combination of features from the above-mentioned different embodiments. With respect to the use of the expression "generally" or "substantially", this patent application should be understood to disclose that these features and values ​​are also fully satisfied, i.e., there is no aforementioned characterization as "generally" or "substantially".

[0086] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, characterized in that: The method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Preparing initial organic fertilizer: using soybean, stem, EM bacteria and water as raw materials, using initial organic fertilizer processing equipment to prepare initial organic fertilizer, in which the weight ratio of soybean: stem: EM bacteria is 60:40:0.08-0.12; the humidity of the initial organic fertilizer is 50%-60%; the stem is lignified or semi-lignified grape stem, plum stem or pear stem; The initial organic fertilizer processing equipment comprises a processing kettle with a mixing chamber, wherein a soybean inlet, a stem inlet and an EM bacterial agent inlet are arranged on the upper part of the processing kettle, at least one discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the processing kettle, a humidity sensor is arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber, a soybean proportioning chamber with a soybean feeding port is arranged on the soybean inlet, a stem proportioning chamber with a stem feeding port is arranged on the stem inlet, the soybean feeding port and the stem feeding port are both connected to the mixing chamber, a soybean feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle to connect the soybean proportioning chamber, a stem feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle to connect the stem proportioning chamber, a weighing mechanism is driven by a flipper in the soybean proportioning chamber / stem proportioning chamber, an opening of the weighing mechanism faces upward to form a material receiving and weighing state, and an opening of the weighing mechanism faces downward to form a feeding state, a liquid supply device is arranged outside the processing kettle, the liquid supply device extends from the top of the mixing chamber to the nozzle, and the processing kettle extends from the bottom to the mixing chamber into the stirring mechanism; The soybeans are crushed into soybean powder by a soybean feeding device, and the particle size of the soybean powder is 1-2 mm; the stems are crushed into stem fragments by a stem feeding device, and the particle size of the stem fragments is less than 3 mm; S2 fermentation: fermenting the fermentation pile formed by the initial organic fertilizer by using a film-covered compost fermentation method or a flip-over compost fermentation method to obtain organic fertilizer; In the film-covered pile fermentation method, active bacteria agents are required to be added regularly, and the fermentation temperature is controlled not to be higher than 60°C. When the humidity of the fermentation pile is lower than 50%, a dropper is used for water replenishment. In the process of regularly adding active bacteria agents, the active bacteria agents are first dissolved in water, and then added to the fermentation pile using a dropper. In the turning pile fermentation method, a combination of regular and irregular turning is used for fermentation. When the humidity of the fermentation pile is lower than 50%, water replenishment and turning operations are carried out. When the temperature of the fermentation pile is maintained at the preset temperature for seven days, it is turned once. The preset temperature is 55-65℃.

2. The method for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, in the film-covered pile fermentation method, the fermentation pile parameters are as follows: height 0.8-1.0 meters, width 1.2-1.5 meters, length not less than 5 meters, 3 drip pipettes are laid at a height of 0.4 meters of the fermentation pile, 2 drip pipettes are laid at a height of 0.8 meters of the fermentation pile, and 3-4 drip pipettes are laid on the surface of the fermentation pile; The dropper is made of hard plastic to ensure that it will not be flattened after the substrate is piled on; the fermentation pile is covered with black film; a shade net is placed on the fermentation pile to cool it down, and the distance between the shade net and the fermentation pile is kept at more than 50 cm; active bacteria are replenished every ten days. The specific type of active bacteria is EM bacteria, and the amount replenished each time is 0.5% of active bacteria powder dissolved in water. The fermentation time is from November to April each year. After April, the organic fertilizer is taken out and used. When not in use, it is naturally piled and used as needed.

3. The method for making organic fertilizer using soybean and stem as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, during the fermentation by turning and composting, the fermentation pile is 1.-1.2 meters high, 1.2-1.5 meters wide, and not less than 5 meters long; it is piled in a rainproof greenhouse, and the fermentation time is 60-65 days; when making the fermentation pile, a cement floor or a mud floor is selected. When a mud floor is selected, the ground soil is compacted first, and then covered with a ground cloth and then piled for turning and composting.

4. A processing device for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems, applied to the method for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, the processing device comprising a processing kettle with a mixing chamber, at least an A material inlet, a B material inlet and a fermentation agent inlet are arranged at the top of the processing kettle, at least one discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the processing kettle, and a humidity sensor is arranged on the wall of the mixing chamber, characterized in that: An A material proportioning chamber with an A feeding port is arranged on the A material inlet, and a B material proportioning chamber with a B feeding port is arranged on the B material inlet, the A feeding port and the B feeding port are both connected to the mixing chamber, an A feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle and connected to the A material proportioning chamber, a B feeding device is arranged outside the processing kettle and connected to the B material proportioning chamber, a weighing mechanism is driven by a flipper in the A material proportioning chamber / the B material proportioning chamber, the opening of the weighing mechanism faces upward to form a material receiving and weighing state, and the opening of the weighing mechanism faces downward to form a feeding state, a liquid supply device is arranged outside the processing kettle, the liquid supply device extends into the nozzle from the top of the mixing chamber, and the processing kettle extends into the stirring mechanism from the bottom into the mixing chamber, the weighing mechanism and the humidity sensor are connected to the controller through a circuit, and the controller is connected to the A feeding device and the B feeding device through a circuit.

5. The processing equipment for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The A feeding device / the B feeding device includes a loading barrel, a roller is rotatably arranged in the loading barrel, a spiral blade is wound around the outer circumference of the roller, the roller passes through the loading barrel and is driven and connected by a loading motor, and the controller is connected to the loading motor through an electric circuit; the inlet at the bottom of the loading barrel is connected to a feed hopper, a main crushing roller and an auxiliary crushing roller are rotatably arranged in the feeding hopper, the main crushing roller is driven and connected by a crushing motor, the controller is connected to the crushing motor through an electric circuit, and the outlet at the top of the loading barrel is connected to the A material proportioning chamber / the B material proportioning chamber through a discharge pipe.

6. The processing equipment for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The A material proportioning chamber / the B material proportioning chamber is a tube with a channel, and a hinge shaft is rotatably passed through the tube. The flipper is a flip motor fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the tube. The controller is connected to the flip motor through a circuit, and the rotating shaft of the flip motor is fixedly connected to the hinge shaft; the weighing mechanism includes a weighing slot fixedly connected to the hinge shaft, and a weighing sensor is installed at the bottom of the weighing slot, and the weighing sensor is connected to the controller through a circuit.

7. The processing equipment for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid supply device comprises a water tank, the water tank is connected to a liquid supply pipe, a liquid supply pump is arranged on the liquid supply pipe, the controller is connected to the liquid supply pump through a circuit, and the end of the liquid supply pipe extends into the mixing chamber to connect to the nozzle.

8. The processing equipment for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor installed at the bottom of the processing kettle. The controller is connected to the stirring motor through a circuit. The rotating shaft of the stirring motor is fixedly connected to a stirring rod. The stirring rod extends into the mixing chamber from the bottom of the processing kettle. The stirring rod is placed in the mixing chamber and a plurality of stirring blades are arranged on the rod body.

9. The processing equipment for making organic fertilizer from soybeans and stems as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A discharge valve is arranged on the discharge port.

10. A method for operating a processing device for making organic fertilizer using soybeans and stems, characterized in that: The method of operation includes the following: S1. Input the weight of soybeans and the weight of stems into the controller to form a fixed mass ratio of soybeans to stems; input the humidity range value into the controller to monitor the humidity of the reaction; S2. Put soybeans into the feed hopper of the A feeding device. The controller starts the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller to rotate. The main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller crush the soybeans to the required particle size. The controller starts the feeding motor to drive the roller to rotate. The spiral blades rotate to lift the crushed soybeans to the outlet. The crushed soybeans fall into the weighing tank of the A material proportioning chamber through the discharge pipe. The stems are put into the feeding hopper of the B feeding device, and the controller starts the crushing motor to drive the main crushing roller to rotate, and the stems are crushed to the required size through the main crushing roller and the auxiliary crushing roller; the controller starts the feeding motor to drive the roller to rotate, and the crushed stems are lifted to the outlet through the rotation of the spiral blade, and the crushed stems fall into the weighing tank of the B material proportioning room through the discharge pipe; S3, the weighing sensor of the material A proportioning room sends the real-time weight signal of the crushed soybeans in the weighing tank to the controller. When the controller obtains that the crushed soybeans have reached the set weight, the controller controls the feeding motor of the A feeding device to stop; the controller starts the flip motor of the material A proportioning room to drive the weighing tank to rotate downward, and pours the weighed crushed soybeans into the mixing chamber; The weighing sensor in the material B proportioning room sends the real-time weight signal of the crushed stems in the weighing tank to the controller. When the controller obtains that the crushed stems have reached the set weight, the controller controls the feeding motor of the B feeding device to stop; the controller starts the flip motor in the material B proportioning room to drive the weighing tank to rotate downward, and pours the weighed crushed stems into the mixing chamber; Adding biological fertilizer fermentation agent into the mixing chamber through the fermentation agent inlet; S4, the controller starts the liquid supply pump to output the water power in the water tank, and the water flows through the liquid supply pipe and the nozzle to the mixing chamber, and the water is mixed with the crushed soybeans, crushed stems, and biological fertilizer fermentation agent, and the crushed soybeans, crushed stems, and biological fertilizer fermentation agent absorb water and then compost; S5, the controller starts the stirring motor to drive the stirring rod to rotate, and synchronously drives the stirring blade to rotate, so as to evenly stir the water, crushed soybeans, crushed stems and biological fertilizer fermentation agent in the mixing chamber; the humidity sensor sends the humidity signal in the mixing chamber to the controller in real time, and when the controller detects that the actual humidity is less than the set humidity range value, the liquid supply pump is controlled to start spraying water into the mixing chamber, and when the controller detects that the actual humidity is greater than the set humidity range value, the liquid supply pump is controlled to stop; S6. When the crushed soybeans, crushed stems and biological fertilizer fermentation agent in the mixing chamber complete the decomposition reaction, the discharge valve is opened to discharge the organic fertilizer through the discharge port.

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