Composite mineral fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a composite mineral fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.The composite mineral fertilizer comprises, by weight, more than or equal to 48.5% of microelements and more than or equal to 0.5% of rare elements, the microelements comprise silicon, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, copper, aluminum, manganese and molybdenum, and the rare elements comprise titanium, vanadium, selenium, strontium, yttrium, cerium, europium, gadolinium, terbium and holmium. The trace elements comprise more than or equal to 20% of silicon, more than or equal to 10% of calcium and magnesium and more than or equal to 2% of potassium. The fertilizer has the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency and safety of mineral fertilizers, overcomes the defects of traditional mineral fertilizers, and can effectively improve soil, promote the growth of melons, vegetables and fruits and improve the yield and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers and relates to a composite mineral fertilizer, in particular to a composite mineral fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fertilizer refers to a type of substance that provides one or more essential nutrients for plants, improves soil properties, and increases soil fertility. It is one of the material bases of agricultural production. It is generally divided into organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, and biological fertilizers. It can also be divided into farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers according to its source. In traditional agriculture, chemical synthetic fertilizers are widely used. Although they can effectively increase production, there are also some problems, such as soil acidification, environmental pollution, and waste of resources.

[0003] Mineral fertilizers refer to fertilizers made by directly extracting or processing mineral resources such as ores, salts, and slag, and their basic components are one or more mineral elements. The main function of mineral fertilizers is to supplement the various mineral elements required for crop growth, improve soil fertility, and thus increase the yield and quality of crops. In recent years, mineral fertilizers have received more and more attention due to their abundant sources, low prices, and high safety.

[0004] In the prior art, mineral fertilizers are mostly based on single minerals, which are difficult to meet the needs of vegetables and fruits for multiple nutrients. In addition, the effective ingredients of existing mineral fertilizers are released slowly, which is difficult to meet the needs of crops during the vigorous growth period. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a composite mineral fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, which can not only have the environmental protection, high efficiency and safety advantages of mineral fertilizers, but also overcome the shortcomings of traditional mineral fertilizers, and can effectively improve the soil, promote the growth of vegetables and fruits, and increase the yield and quality.

[0006] In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The invention provides a composite mineral fertilizer, which, by weight percentage, contains trace elements ≥48.5% and rare elements ≥0.5%, wherein the trace elements include silicon, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, copper, aluminum, manganese and molybdenum, and the rare elements include titanium, vanadium, selenium, strontium, yttrium, cerium, europium, gadolinium, terbium and holmium. Among the trace elements, silicon ≥20%, calcium+magnesium ≥10%, and potassium ≥2%.

[0008] Preferably, the trace elements include: silicon (SiO2) ≥ 33%, iron (Fe2O3) ≥ 6%, potassium (K2O) > 2.5%, calcium (CaO) ≥ 7%, magnesium (MgO) > 3%, sulfur (SO4) = 0.5%, zinc (ZnO) + boron (B) + copper (CuO) + aluminum (AIO:) + manganese (MnO2) + molybdenum (MoO) > 10%.

[0009] Preferably, the raw materials of the composite mineral fertilizer include: attapulgite, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate, and limestone powder.

[0010] More preferably, the mass ratio of the components in the raw materials of the composite mineral fertilizer is: attapulgite: calcium nitrate: magnesium sulfate: potassium carbonate: limestone = 55:4:3:5:8.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite mineral fertilizer, comprising:

[0012] a. Crush and sieve each component and mix them according to the proportion;

[0013] b. Granulate the crushed material to a particle size of 1 to 3 mm;

[0014] c. Dry the granulated material at a temperature of 110-120°C, and then cool it to obtain the finished product.

[0015] Preferably, in step a, the fineness of each component after crushing is 100 mesh.

[0016] Preferably, in step b, the granulation method is disc granulation, and the moisture content after granulation is controlled at 30-40%.

[0017] Preferably, in step c, the drying is divided into primary drying and secondary drying, the primary drying temperature is 120° C., the secondary drying temperature is 110° C., and after the secondary drying, the moisture content of the fertilizer is 15-20%.

[0018] Preferably, in step c, the moisture content of the finished product obtained after cooling is 10-13%. At this time, the finished product particles are full, moderately hard, and the pellets are dry and not damp when pinched by hand. Packing and storage.

[0019] The present invention further provides application of the composite mineral fertilizer in planting melons, vegetables and fruits.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Comprehensive nutrients: Rich in 12 trace elements including silicon, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, copper, aluminum, manganese and molybdenum, and 10 rare elements including titanium, vanadium, selenium, strontium, yttrium, cerium, europium, gadolinium, terbium and holmium, which can provide comprehensive nutrition for plants and promote plant growth and development.

[0022] Improve soil: Mineral materials such as attapulgite can improve soil structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, enhance soil microbial activity, and promote plant root growth.

[0023] Good slow-release performance: It can slowly release nutrients, avoid nutrient loss, and improve fertilizer utilization.

[0024] Environmental protection and safety: The composite mineral fertilizer of the present invention adopts natural mineral materials, does not contain chemical synthetic components, is environmentally friendly, safe and reliable.

[0025] Improve yield: The composite mineral fertilizer of the present invention can effectively improve soil, promote plant growth, and improve yield and quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 : The actual product of the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 2 : The actual product of the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0028] Figure 3 : Production process flow chart of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 : Soil detection report after fertilization according to the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to explain the present invention more clearly, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the content described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example

[0032] refer to Figure 3 The preparation method is as follows: crush and sieve the components according to the mass ratio of attapulgite: calcium nitrate: magnesium sulfate: potassium carbonate: limestone = 55:4:3:5:8, and the fineness is 100 mesh; the mixed raw materials are formed by disc material forming (2mm particles), and the moisture content is controlled at about 35%; the granular sample is dried once at 120℃, granulated again and dried twice at 110℃, the moisture content is reduced to about 18%, and then cooled, and the moisture content is finally maintained at 10-13%. At this time, the finished particles are full, the hardness is moderate, and the granules are dry when pinched by hand without moisture. Packaging and storage. Product photos as shown Figure 1 and 2 shown.

[0033] After testing, the product contains: trace elements silicon (SiO2) = 33%; iron (Fe2O3) = 6%; potassium (K2O) = 3%; calcium (CaO) = 7%; magnesium (MgO) = 4%; sulfur (SO4) = 0.5%; zinc (ZnO) + boron (B) + copper (CuO) + aluminum (AIO:) + manganese (MnO2) + molybdenum (MoO) = 15%; rare elements titanium (TiO:) + vanadium (V2O:) + selenium (SeO2) + strontium (SrO) + yttrium (Y2O:) + cerium (CeO2) + europium (Eu) + gadolinium (Gd) + terbium (Tb) + holmium (Ho) = 0.9%; pH≈7.0.

[0034] Application Examples

[0035] 1. Materials and Methods

[0036] 1.1 Test site conditions

[0037] The test site is located in Linze County, Zhangye City, 100° east longitude, 39° north latitude, and 1449m above sea level. The test plot is flat, fertile, and has complete irrigation facilities. The previous crop is tomato. The test soil is oasis irrigated soil. The nutrient values ​​of the soil (0-20cm) before the test are: pH 8.33, organic matter 20.9g / kg, total nitrogen 1.17g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 92mg / kg, available phosphorus 35.1mg / kg, and available potassium 198mg / kg.

[0038] 1.2 Test materials

[0039] 1.2.1 Test fertilizers:

[0040] The composite mineral fertilizer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention; Kailin brand composite fertilizer (NPK=16-8-21), produced by Guizhou Kailin (Group) Co., Ltd.; macro-element water-soluble fertilizer (30-13-13) (13-13-30), produced by Gansu Xingshuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0041] 1.2.2 Test crops: Baby cabbage, variety Chunyuhuang.

[0042] 2. Design and Methods

[0043] The experiment was conducted with 4 treatments, 3 replicates, randomized block arrangement, and a plot area of ​​72 m 2 (7.2m×10m).

[0044] The specific processing is as follows:

[0045] Treatment 1: 80 kg / mu of composite mineral fertilizer + 10% reduction in conventional fertilizer (i.e., 8.6 kg of the composite mineral fertilizer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention per plot, applied once as base fertilizer);

[0046] Treatment 2 (CK1): 80 kg / mu of inactivated substrate + 10% reduction in conventional fertilizer (i.e. 8.6 kg of inactivated substrate per plot, applied once as basal fertilizer);

[0047] The inactivated matrix was prepared as follows:

[0048] 1.Raw materials

[0049] Suitable organic and inorganic materials are selected as the matrix, and the specific ratio is rice husk (35%) + perlite (20%) + chicken manure (15%) + vermiculite (15%) + fertilizer component (4%) + regulator (2%). The fertilizer components include nitrogen fertilizer (urea, 2%), phosphorus fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, 1%), and potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate, 1%). Regulators include plant ash (for adjusting pH, 1%), and biochar (to improve C / N ratio, 1%).

[0050] 2. Raw material processing

[0051] The material is cleaned and crushed to ensure that the material is uniform and free of large impurities. The crushing particle size is usually 1-5mm.

[0052] If the material contains moisture, it can be dehydrated by drying or drying to a moisture content of less than 15%.

[0053] 3. Inactivation treatment

[0054] High temperature inactivation: Use high temperature sterilization equipment (such as high temperature steam sterilizer) to heat the substrate to 120-150℃ for 1-2 hours. This process can kill potential harmful microorganisms, seeds and pests in the material, while reducing the activity of organic materials.

[0055] 4. Mixing and blending

[0056] The inactivated substrate is mixed with other ingredients as needed, such as fertilizer ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0057] If you need to increase the water retention and air permeability of the matrix, you can add an appropriate amount of inorganic ingredients (such as perlite or vermiculite).

[0058] 5. Inactivation Verification

[0059] Take samples for testing to confirm that the matrix no longer contains active microorganisms, insect eggs, etc.

[0060] Microbial culture tests or pest and disease observations can be conducted to ensure the inactivation effect.

[0061] 6. Packaging and storage

[0062] The prepared inactivated matrix is ​​packaged to ensure sealing and moisture-proof to avoid secondary contamination.

[0063] Store in a dry, cool environment to prevent the matrix from being re-infected by microorganisms.

[0064] Treatment 3 (CK2): conventional fertilization, i.e. 30kg of Kailin brand compound fertilizer (16-8-21) and 15kg of diammonium phosphate were applied per mu, and a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer (30-13-13) was applied twice with water from the rosette stage to the early stage of heading of baby cabbage, 5kg / mu / time, and a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer (13-13-30) was applied 5kg / mu in the middle stage of heading;

[0065] Treatment 4: Blank control (no fertilizer)

[0066] The experiment started with seedling raising on April 15, basal fertilizer application, ridge covering, drip irrigation tape laying on May 12, and planting on May 14. Single ridge and double row planting was adopted, with ridge width of 70cm, furrow width of 20cm, plant spacing of 20cm, and 6,000 seedlings per mu. Except for the fertilizer strictly implemented in accordance with the experimental design, all other agricultural operation measures were kept consistent in each experimental plot.

[0067] 3. Results and Analysis

[0068] 3.1 Effects of different treatments on the growth period of baby cabbage

[0069] Table 1 Baby Cabbage Growth Period Record Table Unit: Day / Month / Day

[0070]

[0071] According to the survey of the growth period of baby cabbage (Table 1), the shortest growth period of treatment 1 is 51 days, the growth periods of treatments 2 and 3 are the same, both 53 days; treatment 4 has the longest growth period, 56 days. The maturity of baby cabbage in treatment 1 is 2 days earlier than that of treatments 2 and 3, and 5 days earlier than that of treatment 4 (CK2).

[0072] 3.2 Effects of different treatments on the main agronomic traits of baby cabbage

[0073] Table 2 Survey table of main agronomic traits of baby cabbage Unit: cm, kg, %

[0074]

[0075] Ten baby cabbages were randomly selected from each plot to measure their main agronomic traits. From the results (Table 2), it can be seen that the agronomic traits of baby cabbages in treatment 1 were better than those of other treatments, the performance differences of various indicators in treatments 2 (CK1) and 3 (CK2) were small, and the various traits of treatment 4 were lower than those of other treatments. The plant height of treatment 1 was 40.9 cm, an increase of 1.3 cm over treatment 2 (CK1) and 1.5 cm over treatment 3 (CK2); the plant width of treatment 1 was the largest, 47.4 cm × 35.3 cm, and treatment 4 was the smallest, 31.6 cm × 25.3 cm; the bulb height of treatment 1 was 27.8 cm, an increase of 0.4 cm over treatment 2 (CK1) and treatment 3 (CK2); the bulb of treatment 1 was 18.5 cm, an increase of 0.6 cm over treatment 2 (CK1) and 0.7 cm over treatment 3 (CK2). The gross weight of a single plant in treatment 1 was 2.08kg, an increase of 0.04kg over treatment 2 (CK1) and 0.07kg over treatment 3 (CK2); the net weight of a single plant in treatment 1 was 1.03kg, an increase of 0.05kg over both treatments 2 (CK1) and 3 (CK2) and 0.25kg over treatment 4; the clean vegetable rate in treatment 1 was 49.5%, an increase of 1.5% over treatment 2 (CK1) and 0.8% over treatment 3 (CK2).

[0076] 3.3 Effects of different treatments on baby cabbage yield

[0077] Table 3 Yield measurement results Unit: kg, %

[0078]

[0079] By randomly selecting 10 baby cabbages in each plot in S-shaped pattern for field yield measurement, the yield results (Table 3) show that treatment 1 has the highest yield of 6315.2 kg / mu, which is 444.7 kg / mu higher than treatment 2 (CK1), with an increase rate of 7.57%; treatment 3 (CK2) has an increase of 463.2 kg / mu, with an increase rate of 7.92%. Treatment 2 (CK1) has a yield of 5870.5 kg / mu, which is 18.5 kg / mu higher than treatment 3 (CK2), with an increase of 0.3%, which is not much different; treatment 4 has the lowest yield of only 4526.3 kg / mu.

[0080] The results of variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference between replicates, and the difference between treatments reached an extremely significant level (F=3515.24>F0.01). The multiple comparison method showed that treatment 1 was significantly different from other treatments, and there was no significant difference between treatments 2 and 3.

[0081] 3.4 Comparison of economic benefit analysis

[0082] Table 4 Economic Benefit Analysis Unit: kg, Yuan

[0083]

[0084] Notes: 1. Input per mu refers only to fertilizer input; 2. Doll menu price: 0.80 yuan / kg; 3. Fertilizer unit price: compound mineral fertilizer 1.5 yuan / kg, Kailin brand compound fertilizer 4.2 yuan / kg, macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 8 yuan / kg.

[0085] From the economic benefit analysis of each treatment of baby cabbage (Table 4), it can be seen that the output value of treatment 1 per mu is the highest, which is 5052.2 yuan, which is 355.8 yuan more than treatment 2 (CK1) per mu, and 370.6 yuan more than treatment 3 (CK2) per mu; the output value of treatment 2 (CK1) per mu is 4696.4 yuan, which is 14.8 yuan more than treatment 3 (CK2) per mu, with little difference. Treatment 1 has the highest benefit, which is 4667.6 yuan, which is 235.8 yuan more than treatment 2 (CK1) per mu, and 280 yuan more than treatment 3 (CK2) per mu; the output-input ratios of treatment 1, treatment 2, and treatment 3 are 13.14:1, 17.75:1, and 15.92:1, respectively. Due to the increase in fertilizer input costs, the output-input ratio of treatment 1 is lower than that of other treatments.

[0086] Through the test, it can be known that: on the basis of reducing the conventional fertilizer by 10%, the application of the composite mineral fertilizer produced by this application (basic application of 80kg / mu) can promote the growth and development of baby cabbage, and improve the agronomic traits, yield and economic benefits of baby cabbage. In the test, the treatment of adding composite mineral fertilizer (80kg / mu) was 2 days earlier than the treatment of inactivated matrix (basic application of 80kg / mu, irradiated by 60Co or microwave sterilized), the clean vegetable rate increased by 1.5%, the per mu yield increased by 444.7kg, the yield increased by 7.57%, the per mu output value increased by 355.8 yuan, and the per mu efficiency increased by 235.8 yuan. Compared with the farmers' habitual fertilization, the treatment with additional application of compound mineral fertilizer (80kg / mu) shortened the growth period of vegetables by 2 days, increased the clean vegetable rate by 0.8%, increased the yield by 463.2kg per mu, increased the yield by 7.92%, increased the output value by 370.6 yuan per mu, and increased the efficiency by 280 yuan per mu; the treatment with additional application of inactivated matrix (basal application of 80kg / mu, sterilized by 60Co irradiation or microwave) was not much different from the farmers' habitual fertilization.

[0087] The experiments have proved that the composite mineral fertilizer provided in this application can promote the growth and development of baby cabbage and improve the quality of baby cabbage to a certain extent, and can be demonstrated and promoted on a large scale in production.

[0088] The soil sample in treatment 1 was sent to the Lanzhou Mineral Resources Supervision and Inspection Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources for testing. The report is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the test results show that this product has high content of mineral elements, trace elements and medium elements, and the raw materials are basic mineral raw materials, without artificial later synthetic raw materials, so it is non-toxic and has no residue or pollution in the land.

[0089] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not limitations on the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite mineral fertilizer, characterized in that: By weight percentage, the trace elements are ≥48.5% and the rare elements are ≥0.5%. The trace elements include silicon, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, boron, copper, aluminum, manganese, and molybdenum. The rare elements include titanium, vanadium, selenium, strontium, yttrium, cerium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, and holmium. Among the trace elements: silicon ≥20%, calcium + magnesium ≥10%, and potassium ≥2%.

2. A composite mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among the trace elements: silicon ≥33%, iron ≥6%, potassium>2.5%, calcium ≥7%, magnesium>3%, sulfur=0.5%, zinc+boron+copper+aluminum+manganese+molybdenum>10%.

3. A composite mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the composite mineral fertilizer include: attapulgite, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium carbonate and limestone powder.

4. A composite mineral fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the components in the raw materials of the composite mineral fertilizer is attapulgite: calcium nitrate: magnesium sulfate: potassium carbonate: limestone = 55:4:3:5:

8.

5. The method for preparing the composite mineral fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: a. Crush and sieve each component and mix them according to the proportion; b. Granulate the crushed material to a particle size of 1 to 3 mm; c. Dry the granulated material at a temperature of 110-120°C, and then cool it to obtain the finished product.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step a, the fineness of each component after crushing is 100 mesh.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step b, the granulation method is disc granulation, and the moisture content after granulation is controlled at 30-40%.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step c, the drying is divided into primary drying and secondary drying, the primary drying temperature is 120° C., the secondary drying temperature is 110° C., and after the secondary drying, the moisture content of the fertilizer is 15-20%.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step c, the water content of the finished product obtained after cooling is 10-13%.

10. Use of the composite mineral fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the cultivation of melons, vegetables and fruits.

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