Microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries as well as preparation method and application of microbial compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, the microbial compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: livestock manure, urea, monopotassium phosphate, mineral charcoal, distillers' grains, medical stone, a microbial agent and plant components; the microbial agent is prepared from pichia guilliermondii, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis and bacillus velezensis; the plant components comprise wild chrysanthemum flowers, artemisia annua, black nightshade herbs and flaccid knotweed herbs. Through the synergistic effect of the strains, growth of plant disease bacteria can be inhibited, growth of strawberry seedlings is promoted, absorption of strawberries is assisted by generated small molecular substances, the strawberry quality is improved, and the pesticide composition can be used for preventing and treating various strawberry diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose and fusarium wilt; the content of soluble solids, the content of soluble sugar and the content of vitamin c in fruits are increased, the yield of strawberries is increased, and quality improvement and yield increase are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and in particular to a microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Strawberry is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Fragaria in the Rosaceae family. Its fruit is rich in nutrients and has high economic benefits. It is one of the most widely planted fruits. Strawberries prefer a warm and sunny growing environment. During greenhouse cultivation, some soil-borne diseases are prone to occur. However, the existing technology for biological control of plant diseases is mostly aimed at a single pathogen. In practical application, it is usually necessary to control each pathogen separately, and chemical pesticides are also needed for assistance, which cannot completely replace the use of chemical pesticides. The use of chemical reagents for control is prone to pollution, which may cause the plant to develop drug resistance. There are problems such as chemical pesticide residues, soil salinization and acidification, and reduced fertilizer utilization. It will also cause the quality of strawberries to decline, and food safety is difficult to guarantee.

[0003] Therefore, it is hoped to provide a microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries, which has a preventive and therapeutic effect on various strawberry diseases while ensuring the yield and quality of strawberries and their edible safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries, which can prevent and treat various strawberry diseases, increase strawberry yield and improve strawberry quality.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 to 45 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 10 to 15 parts of urea, 10 to 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 15 parts of mineral biochar, 10 to 15 parts of wine lees, 20 to 25 parts of medical stone, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of microbial agent and 6 to 8 parts of plant components;

[0007] The microbial agent comprises Pichia guillemot, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velez;

[0008] The plant ingredients include wild chrysanthemum, artemisia annua, nightshade and polygonum hydropiper.

[0009] Preferably, the ratio of the effective live bacteria count of Pichia guilleriemoniae, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis in the microbial agent is 3-5:2-3:1-2:3-5, and the spore count is 300-400 million / g.

[0010] Preferably, the plant ingredients are composed of wild chrysanthemum, artemisia annua, solanum nigrum and polygonum hydropiper in a mass ratio of 1-2:2-4:2-4:1.

[0011] The invention provides a preparation method of the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral biochar, lees, medical stone and plant components are added to livestock manure, a first fermentation is performed, and then the microbial agent is added for a second fermentation, extrusion granulation and drying are performed.

[0012] Preferably, the conditions of the first fermentation are: 50-60°C, 2-3 months;

[0013] Preferably, the second fermentation is carried out at 26-32° C. for 10-15 days.

[0014] Preferably, the particle size after granulation is 0.5 mm to 1 mm; and the granules are dried to a moisture content of 8 to 12%.

[0015] The invention provides application of the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries in improving the quality and yield of strawberries or preventing and controlling diseases.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for composite planting of strawberries using the above-mentioned strawberry microorganisms, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) 2 to 3 months before transplanting strawberries, deep plowing and drying the field, spreading lime nitrogen, turning the field every 20 to 25 days, and turning the field 2 to 3 times. After completion, spreading the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer and mixing it with 20 to 30 cm thick soil, and drying it for 10 to 20 days;

[0018] (2) Spreading the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer every 20 to 30 days after the strawberries are planted and have grown to maturity and during the flowering and fruiting period, and spraying the bacterial suspension of the microbial agent on the leaves of the plants 2 to 3 days after each spreading.

[0019] Preferably, the deep plowing depth in step (1) is 20-30 cm; the amount of lime nitrogen added is 1000-1500 g / hm2. 2 ; The depth of each drying is 20 to 30 cm;

[0020] Preferably, the application rate of the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg / hm 2 .

[0021] Preferably, the amount of the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer applied in step (2) is 50-60 kg / hm2. 2 ;

[0022] The ratio of the microbial agent to water in the bacterial suspension is 1g:4-5L;

[0023] The spraying amount of the bacterial suspension is: 10-15 mL / strain;

[0024] The concentration of the bacterial suspension is: (6-9)×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0025] The present invention screens and compounds the microbial species, so that the synergistic effect between the various strains can be achieved, and the growth of strawberry seedlings can be promoted while suppressing the growth of plant disease bacteria; the present invention can decompose organic matter during use, and the generated small molecules are conducive to the absorption of strawberries, which can improve the quality of strawberries; in the present invention, the addition of plant components such as wild chrysanthemum, artemisia annua, nightshade and hot polygonum can further enhance the ability of microbial agents to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, while promoting the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in microbial agents and improving the soil environment. It can be seen from the test that the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer provided by the present invention can be used to prevent and treat various strawberry diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, and wilt, improve the soluble solid content, soluble sugar content and vitamin C content in the fruit, increase strawberry yield, and help to improve quality and increase production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In the present invention, Pichia guilliermongi was purchased from Shanghai Ruichu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velez were purchased from Weifang Ruichen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The technical solution provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries:

[0029] By weight, 40 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of mineral biochar, 10 parts of distiller's grains, 20 parts of medical stone and 1 part of wild chrysanthemum, 3 parts of Artemisia annua, 3 parts of Solanum nigrum and 1 part of Polygonum hydropiper were mixed and fermented at 60°C for 2 months. After the fermentation was completed, 2 parts of microbial agents (composed of Pichia guillermongi, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezii in a ratio of 3:2:2:3 of effective viable bacteria and a spore count of 400 million / g) were added, fermented at 30°C for 10 days, extruded and granulated to form particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm, and hot air dried to a moisture content of 8%.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries:

[0032] By weight, 45 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 10 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of mineral biochar, 10 parts of distiller's grains, 25 parts of medical stone, 2 parts of wild chrysanthemum, 2 parts of Artemisia annua, 3 parts of Solanum nigrum and 1 part of Polygonum hydropiper were mixed and fermented at 55°C for 3 months. After the fermentation was completed, 1.5 parts of microbial agent (composed of Pichia guillermongi, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezii in a ratio of effective viable bacteria of 5:3:2:5 and a spore count concentration of 300 million / g) was added, fermented at 30°C for 15 days, extruded and granulated to form particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm, and hot air dried to a moisture content of 10%.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries:

[0035] By weight, 45 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of mineral biochar, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 25 parts of medical stone and 1 part of wild chrysanthemum, 2 parts of artemisia annua, 2 parts of Solanum nigrum and 1 part of Polygonum hydropiper were mixed and fermented at 60°C for 3 months. After the fermentation was completed, 2 parts of microbial agents (composed of Pichia guillermongi, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezii in a ratio of effective viable bacteria of 3:2:2:3 and a spore count concentration of 300 million / g) were added, fermented at 30°C for 15 days, extruded and granulated to form particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm, and hot air dried to a moisture content of 12%.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] A method for growing strawberries comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) Deep plowing and drying of the field was carried out 3 months before strawberry transplanting. The plowing depth was 30 cm and lime nitrogen was spread at 1200 kg / hm2. 2 The soil was turned over and dried every 20 days, with a depth of 30 cm each time, and the soil was turned over and dried 3 times. After the field was dried, 3000 kg / hm2 of the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries was spread. 2 Mix with 30cm thick soil and dry in the sun for 15 days;

[0039] (2) Spread 55 kg / hm2 of the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer every 30 days after the strawberry is planted and during the flowering and fruiting period. 2 After each application, the microbial agent was prepared into 8×10 8 Spray the bacterial suspension of CFU / mL on the leaves of the plants, 10mL / plant.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] A microbial compound fertilizer: Different from Example 1, the formulas of the microbial agents in this comparative example are:

[0042] A. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezinaceus = 1:1:1:1;

[0043] B. Azospirillum brasiliensis, Trichoderma longifolia, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezinii = 1:1:1:1;

[0044] C. Pichia guillemot, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus polymyxa == 1:1:1:1;

[0045] D. Pichia guilliermondii, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis = 2:6:7:1.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] A microbial compound fertilizer: Different from Example 1, the composition of the plant components in this comparative example is:

[0048] A. Wild chrysanthemum, Artemisia annua, Solanum nigrum and Datura stramonium stems and leaves = 1:3:3:1;

[0049] B. Chrysanthemum indica, Artemisia annua, Piper melongena leaves and Polygonum hydropiper = 1:3:3:1;

[0050] C. Chrysanthemum indica, Pulsatilla koreana, Solanum nigrum and Polygonum hydropiper = 1:3:3:1;

[0051] D. Wild chrysanthemum, artemisia annua, Solanum nigrum and Polygonum hydropiper = 7:1:2:6.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] A method for planting strawberries, which is different from Example 4 in that, after the field is dried, step (1) spreads 3000 kg / hm2 of biological organic fertilizer (purchased from Handan Yuanwo Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd.) 2 and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (19-19-19 (20kg) balanced water-soluble fertilizer, purchased from Henan Zhonghuang Special Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd.) 500kg / hm 2 ;

[0054] In step (2), after the strawberries are planted and mature and during the flowering and fruiting period, 75 kg / hm2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is sprayed every 30 days. 2 .

[0055] Test Example 1 Antagonism Experiment

[0056] A plate confrontation test was conducted using Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum truncatula and Ophiopogon aviculare.

[0057] 1. Determine the effects of different microbial agents on plant pathogens

[0058] Experimental groups:

[0059] Treatment Group:

[0060] (1) Example 1 group: The microorganisms used in Example 1 were prepared into 6×10 8 CFU / mL of bacterial suspension;

[0061] (2) Comparative Examples 1A to 1D: According to the formula of the four groups of microbial agents in Comparative Example 1, spore suspensions were prepared and the concentration was adjusted to 6×10 8 CFU / mL;

[0062] Control group: pure methanol solvent;

[0063] Experimental method (cross inoculation method):

[0064] Use a 0.4 cm diameter hole puncher to punch holes about 1 cm from the edge and in the center of the plate. Take out the agar block, inoculate 10 μL of bacterial suspension or pure methanol solvent in the 4 holes on the edge, and inoculate 5 μL of the above plant pathogen suspension (6×10 8 CFU / mL), and the colony diameter was observed and measured after culturing in a 30°C incubator for 5 days, and the inhibition rate was calculated.

[0065] Inhibition rate calculation formula:

[0066]

[0067] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0068] Table 1 Inhibition rate of different microbial agents on plant pathogenic bacteria

[0069] Microbial Agents Botrytis cinerea Fusarium Anthrax pathogen Psoralea corylifolia Example 1 88.51％ 60.41％ 86.10％ 84.15％ Comparative Example 1A 66.15％ 50.74％ 68.41％ 66.75％ Comparative Example 1B 68.84％ 48.21％ 65.74％ 64.57％ Comparative Example 1C 67.43％ 52.74％ 66.45％ 65.74％ Comparative Example 1D 66.67％ 51.57％ 65.45％ 65.12％

[0070] As can be seen from Table 1, different microorganisms have different technical effects when compounded. The microbial agent provided by the present invention has obvious inhibitory effects on the pathogen of gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, the pathogen of wilt, Fusarium wilt, the pathogen of anthracnose and the pathogen of powdery mildew, and can be used to prevent the infection of various plant pathogens.

[0071] Test Example 2 Field Experiment

[0072] A greenhouse test was conducted in a strawberry planting area that grew healthily in the previous year. Ten treatment areas were randomly set up (the test group was fertilized according to the method of Example 4, and the fertilizers used were the fertilizers described in Example 1, Comparative Example 1A to D, and Comparative Example 2A to D, respectively, and the control group was fertilized according to the method of Comparative Example 3), and three replicates were set up in each treatment area. The 10 treatment areas are shown in Table 2. The greenhouse was divided into 30 small areas, each with an area of ​​3m×5m, and each treatment was distributed by random drawing. The strawberry variety is All Star. The test period was 7 months, and the incidence of strawberries (incidence = number of plants with diseases / total number of plants in the treatment area × 100%), as well as strawberry yield, soluble solids content, soluble sugar content, and vitamin C content were investigated. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3:

[0073] Table 2 Effect of different fertilizers on the incidence rate

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] As can be seen from Table 2, the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries provided by the present invention has a preventive and therapeutic effect on various strawberry diseases such as strawberry root rot, strawberry powdery mildew, strawberry anthracnose, strawberry wilt and strawberry gray mold, and the preventive and therapeutic effect of the present invention on different strawberry diseases is significantly better than that of the microbial compound fertilizer prepared by other bacterial species combinations and plant component combinations.

[0077] Table 3 Effects of different fertilizers on strawberry yield and quality

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from Table 3 that, compared with the microbial compound fertilizers prepared by other bacterial species combinations and plant component combinations, the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries provided by the present invention can significantly increase the strawberry yield and increase the soluble solids content, soluble sugar content and vitamin C content of the fruit, which helps to improve the quality of strawberries.

[0080] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 to 45 parts of poultry and livestock manure, 10 to 15 parts of urea, 10 to 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 15 parts of mineral biochar, 10 to 15 parts of wine lees, 20 to 25 parts of medical stone, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of microbial agent and 6 to 8 parts of plant components; The microbial agent comprises Pichia guillemot, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velez; The plant ingredients include wild chrysanthemum, artemisia annua, nightshade and polygonum hydropiper.

2. The microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Pichia guillemot, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velez in the microbial agent is 3-5:2-3:1-2:3-5, and the spore count is 300-400 million / g.

3. The microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The plant components are composed of wild chrysanthemum, artemisia annua, Solanum nigrum and Polygonum hydropiper in a mass ratio of 1-2:2-4:2-4:

1.

4. The method for preparing the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral biochar, lees, medical stone and plant components to livestock manure, performing a first fermentation, then adding the microbial agent for a second fermentation, extruding granulation and drying.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conditions of the first fermentation are: 50-60°C, 2-3 months; the conditions of the second fermentation are: 26-32°C, 10-15 days.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size after granulation is 0.5mm-1mm; the product is dried to a moisture content of 8-12%.

7. Use of the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in improving the quality and yield of strawberries or preventing and controlling diseases.

8. A method for growing strawberries using the microbial compound fertilizer for strawberries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) 2 to 3 months before transplanting strawberries, deep plowing and drying the field, spreading lime nitrogen, turning the field every 20 to 25 days, and turning the field 2 to 3 times. After completion, spreading the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer and mixing it with 20 to 30 cm thick soil, and drying it for 10 to 20 days; (2) Spreading the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer every 20 to 30 days after the strawberries are planted and have grown to maturity and during the flowering and fruiting period, and spraying the bacterial suspension of the microbial agent on the leaves of the plants 2 to 3 days after each spreading.

9. The method for growing strawberries according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step (1) The deep plowing depth is 20-30 cm. The amount of lime nitrogen added is 1000-1500 g / hm2. 2 ; The depth of each drying is 20 to 30 cm; The application rate of the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg / hm 2 .

10. The method for growing strawberries according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application rate of the strawberry microbial compound fertilizer in step (2) is 50-60 kg / hm 2 ; The ratio of the microbial agent to water in the bacterial suspension is 1 g: 4 to 5 L; The spraying amount of the bacterial suspension is: 10-15 mL / strain; The concentration of the bacterial suspension is: (6-9)×10 8 CFU / mL.

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