Novel layered burying structure of pipeline monitoring and protecting facility

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline monitoring and protection, in particular to a novel layered burying structure of a pipeline monitoring and protection facility. The structure comprises a foundation pit and a pipeline body, the pipeline body is embedded in the foundation pit, and four hierarchical surfaces are formed on the pipeline body and above the pipeline body; the four level surfaces are respectively arranged from bottom to top; facilities with different functions are arranged on each level face. According to the invention, facilities with different functions are arranged on each hierarchical surface, so that the facilities with different functions do not interfere with each other, and subsequent overhaul and maintenance work can be carried out under the condition that other facilities are not influenced. And secondly, the facilities with high stability are buried in deeper places, and the facilities with low stability, which are easy to damage or need to be frequently replaced, are buried in a higher level surface, so that when the facilities need to be replaced, the excavation can be quickly carried out, the facilities on the lower layer do not need to be interfered, and the time and the cost are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline monitoring and protection, and in particular to a novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities. Background Art

[0002] Pipeline monitoring and protection are an indispensable part of modern urban infrastructure management. Through effective monitoring and protection measures, the safety and reliability of the drainage system can be improved.

[0003] Currently, pipeline monitoring is carried out with the help of various types of sensors, such as:

[0004] Patent publication number CN116738152A discloses a distributed vibration monitoring and evaluation system for underground fluid pipeline leakage damage. Vibration sensors are installed at each node of the underground pipeline network, and the vibration signals are transmitted wirelessly to the central control system. The vibration signals are processed by SSA-CVMD, and the multi-dimensional damage parameters of the signals are extracted to obtain six time-frequency domain parameters. The index weights of the parameters are determined according to the CRITIC weight method, and a judgment matrix is ​​constructed to obtain a parameter weight vector. Then, a benchmark GMM model is constructed based on the damage parameter database, and a membership matrix is ​​constructed using the similarity of the GMM probability distribution. Finally, real-time assessment of underground pipeline damage is carried out based on the fuzzy operation results of the parameter weight vector and the membership matrix.

[0005] Patent publication number CN109443425A also discloses a long-distance insulated transport pipeline deformation and leakage monitoring system, which monitors the overall safety of the pipeline by installing a sheet-type distributed optical fiber strain sensor and a probe-type optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor on the long-distance insulation layer transport pipeline to sense the temperature changes caused by pipeline deformation and leakage.

[0006] A common way to protect pipelines is to use sacrificial anode groups, for example:

[0007] Patent announcement number CN216808964U discloses an electrical anti-corrosion protection system for underground steel structures of power plants, which places auxiliary anodes in an outer casing, and uses the outer casing to arrange the auxiliary anodes in a deeper soil layer and effectively protect the auxiliary anodes.

[0008] Most water supply or drainage pipelines are buried underground. The equipment and pipelines disclosed in the above patents need to take various factors (such as temperature, humidity, etc.) into consideration when laying out, and they will have different layout positions. Once there are too many pipelines and equipment, the underground lines will become complicated, which brings great difficulties to maintenance and inspection. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new layered buried structure for pipeline monitoring and protection facilities to solve the problem of how to lay pipelines on the elevation surface formed during the layered backfilling process. By burying the pipelines in layers, it is convenient to selectively maintain and replace the buried pipelines. It has the advantages of simple construction, clear layers, and easy inspection and maintenance.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities is provided, which includes a foundation pit and a pipeline body, wherein the pipeline body is buried in the foundation pit, and four layered surfaces are formed on and above the pipeline body;

[0011] The four hierarchical surfaces are respectively arranged from bottom to top;

[0012] Facilities with different functions are arranged on each of the levels;

[0013] Among them, the closer the facilities are to the level of the pipeline body, the stronger their stability.

[0014] Facilities with different functions are arranged on each of the said levels, so that the facilities with different functions will not interfere with each other, and subsequent inspection and maintenance work can be carried out without affecting other facilities. When the facilities need to be replaced, it is only necessary to dig to the corresponding level without digging the entire buried structure.

[0015] Secondly, by burying facilities with strong stability (not easy to be damaged, long service life, strong environmental adaptability, and long replacement cycle) at a deeper level, low-stability facilities that are easily damaged or need to be replaced frequently are buried on higher levels for easier access and inspection, reducing the amount of excavation work during maintenance. This way, when replacement is needed, excavation can be carried out quickly without disturbing the lower facilities, saving time and cost.

[0016] Furthermore, the foundation pit is backfilled in stages. Specifically, the foundation pit is backfilled with a first backfill soil layer, a second backfill soil layer and a third backfill soil layer from bottom to top, and the outer wall of the pipeline body constitutes the pipeline surface;

[0017] in:

[0018] The pipe surface constitutes a hierarchical surface on the pipe body;

[0019] The upper surfaces of the first backfill soil layer, the second backfill soil layer and the third backfill soil layer respectively constitute three level surfaces above the pipeline body.

[0020] In the above scheme, the particle size and compaction index requirements of the backfill layer can be determined according to the needs of the facilities, and the backfill elevation surfaces of different heights can be obtained according to the backfill volume to meet the optimal protection distance for the pipeline body. At the same time, the feasibility and convenience of later replacement should be considered as much as possible for the traction height of the pipeline.

[0021] In addition, the facilities set up on the four levels from bottom to top are:

[0022] Monitoring facilities are used to monitor the pipeline body. The monitoring facilities include pressure transmitters, flow sensors, high-sensitivity hydrophone sensors, data acquisition terminals and other equipment. With the help of these devices, abnormal pressure, flow changes and acoustic signals in the pipeline can be identified to monitor leakage signals in the pipeline and accurately locate the leakage point. Moreover, these devices need to be installed close to the pipeline body, so the monitoring facilities are installed on the layer surface formed by the pipeline surface to obtain more accurate monitoring results. In addition, the replacement cycle of the monitoring facilities is relatively long. At the same time, under the protection of the monitoring cable protection tube, its adaptability is also improved, so there will not be too much maintenance and inspection if it is installed on the lower layer surface.

[0023] In addition, the first backfill soil layer is an artificial backfill area, and the backfill soil layer above the first backfill soil layer is a mechanical backfill area. The first backfill soil layer is manually backfilled, which effectively reduces the possibility of damage to the monitoring facilities during the backfilling process.

[0024] Communication facilities are used for communication during monitoring. Communication pipes are used to provide channels for laying optical cables, communication cables and other facilities. On the one hand, these optical cables and communication cables are routed near monitoring facilities, so they can be more conveniently connected to the monitoring facilities. On the other hand, the communication pipelines are concentrated in the first backfill layer, which greatly reduces the complexity of the pipelines. In addition, because the frequency of maintenance and overhaul of monitoring facilities is not high, it will not cause excessive interference to the communication pipelines.

[0025] The protection facility is used to protect the pipeline body. The protection facility includes a reference electrode and a sacrificial anode. The reference electrode and the sacrificial anode are arranged in parallel with the pipeline body. Specifically, the sacrificial anode adopts a continuous string structure in the transverse direction, which has the following advantages:

[0026] It is convenient for ground bed layout, and the cathodic protection range is more uniform and comprehensive;

[0027] Effectively save cable length;

[0028] The construction is more convenient and provides conditions for ground bed replacement.

[0029] Among the four hierarchical planes, a regulator is arranged above the top hierarchical plane;

[0030] A reference electrode cable is connected between the reference electrode and the regulator;

[0031] An anode cable is connected between the sacrificial anode and the regulator;

[0032] A cathode cable is connected between the pipeline body and the regulator.

[0033] Relatively speaking, the sacrificial anodes in the protection facilities need to be replaced more frequently, so they are set on the topmost level of the four levels. The regulator also needs to be inspected and repaired frequently, so the regulator will be set at a higher position, that is, in the fourth backfill layer. The main purpose of the fourth backfill layer is to backfill the foundation pit to the original ground elevation. In addition, the reference electrode cable and the cathode cable are concentrated in the third backfill layer and laid horizontally close to the bottom. After reaching the bottom of the regulator, they are laid upward to avoid damage to the cables during excavation as much as possible.

[0034] In addition, the thickness of the second backfill soil layer is determined according to the thickness of the frozen soil layer on site, specifically:

[0035] A = B - 0.5;

[0036] Among them, A is the thickness of the second backfill soil layer, and B is the thickness of the on-site frozen soil layer, in meters.

[0037] The purpose is to bury the sacrificial anode and reference electrode below the permafrost layer while facilitating inspection and maintenance. The presence of the permafrost layer will cause the soil temperature to be lower. Temperature fluctuations above the permafrost layer may affect the conductivity and electrochemical reaction rate. Burying the sacrificial anode and reference electrode below the permafrost layer can maintain a relatively stable temperature and improve the stability of the electrochemical process.

[0038] The marking facility is used to mark the facilities and pipeline body below it, and the marking facility includes a warning belt, which is arranged along the pipeline body.

[0039] It should be emphasized here that the monitoring facility is arranged adjacent to the top of the pipeline body;

[0040] The communication facilities are provided in two groups and are symmetrically arranged on both sides above the pipeline body.

[0041] Furthermore, the warning belts are provided in three groups, wherein one group of warning belts is provided directly above the pipeline body, and its protection range covers the monitoring facilities;

[0042] There are also two sets of warning tapes respectively arranged above the two sets of communication facilities, whose protection range covers the two sets of communication facilities and sacrificial anodes, and the vertical distance between the side of the warning tape close to the pipeline body and the pipeline body is equal to the vertical distance between the side of the communication facility close to the pipeline body and the pipeline body;

[0043] in:

[0044] A set of warning tapes directly above the pipeline body and a set of warning tapes above the sacrificial anode together form a protection range covering the reference electrode, the anode cable, the reference electrode cable and the cathode cable;

[0045] The three groups of warning tapes together form a protection range covering the entire layered buried structure.

[0046] Furthermore, the marking facility also includes a tracer line, and the tracer line is arranged adjacent to a group of warning tapes just above the pipeline body.

[0047] The large protection range is first determined through three groups of warning tapes, and this protection range should slightly exceed the communication pipes to mark the overall position of the layered buried structure underground; further, one end of the warning tapes on both sides is aligned with the communication pipes, because the communication pipes are relatively stable, and it will be more accurate to use them as a base point to determine the position of other facilities, avoiding deviations in the base point during maintenance and inspection; further, the middle warning tape and the tracer line jointly mark the pipeline body and monitoring facilities; further, the middle group of warning tapes and the group of warning tapes above the sacrificial anode jointly mark the protection range of the anode cable, reference electrode cable and cathode cable.

[0048] In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0049] The new layered buried structure of the pipeline monitoring and protection facility facilitates the selective maintenance and replacement of buried pipelines, and can more easily and accurately control the safety status of buried pipelines. It has the advantages of simple construction, clear layers, and easy inspection and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the foundation pit and pipeline body structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first backfill soil layer, the second backfill soil layer, the third backfill soil layer and the fourth backfill soil layer of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the facilities of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the elevation surface of the first layer of backfill soil and the pipeline body of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the elevation surface of the second layer of backfill soil and the pipeline body of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the elevation surface of the third layer of backfill soil and the pipeline body of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning principle of the negative pressure wave method of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the algorithm flow of the multi-path pipe network negative pressure wave method of the present invention.

[0058] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0059] 100, foundation pit; 200, pipeline body; 300, base;

[0060] 410, first backfill soil layer; 420, second backfill soil layer; 430, third backfill soil layer; 440, fourth backfill soil layer;

[0061] 210, pipeline surface; 411, first layer backfill soil elevation surface; 421, second layer backfill soil elevation surface; 431, third layer backfill soil elevation surface; 441, fourth layer backfill soil elevation surface;

[0062] 211. Monitoring cable protection tube; 4111. Communication pipe; 4211. Reference electrode; 4212. Sacrificial anode; 4311. Warning tape; 4312. Tracer wire; 432. Regulator; 4321. Anode cable; 4322. Reference electrode cable; 4323. Cathode cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] At present, the protection of underground pipelines is usually achieved through monitoring and protection. It is inevitable that multiple pipelines will be laid around the underground pipelines to achieve the purpose of monitoring and protection. However, the disadvantages are:

[0065] The existence of multiple pipelines makes the maintenance and replacement of both pipes and pipelines difficult in the later stage.

[0066] In one embodiment, a novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities is provided, which includes a foundation pit 100, wherein the foundation pit 100 is filled with multiple layers of backfill soil. Figure 1 As shown, a foundation pit 100 is first dug out using an excavation device (e.g., an excavator), and a base 300 is built in the foundation pit 100 using cast-in-place concrete. The top of the base 300 has an arc-shaped recess, and the radius of the arc-shaped recess matches the radius of the pipe body 200. The pipe body 200 is placed in the arc-shaped recess and supported by the base 300.

[0067] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, for monitoring the pipeline body 200, it is necessary to set up pressure transmitters, flow sensors, high-sensitivity hydrophone sensors and data acquisition terminals and other equipment, with the help of these equipment to realize the recognition of abnormal pressure, flow changes and acoustic signals in the pipeline body 200, so as to monitor the leakage signal in the pipeline body 200 and accurately locate the leakage point, and these equipment need to be set close to the pipeline body 200, so as to obtain more accurate monitoring results. For this purpose, Figure 3 As shown, two monitoring cable protection tubes 211 are arranged on the pipe surface 210 of the pipe body 200 (more can be arranged according to actual needs), and the monitoring cable protection tubes 211 are connected to the pipe surface 210 by bonding or by setting snaps at the joints. Pressure transmitters, flow sensors, high-sensitivity hydrophone sensors, data acquisition terminals and other equipment are mostly arranged in the monitoring cable protection tubes 211, and are routed through the monitoring cable protection tubes 211.

[0068] Then, see Figure 3 As shown, one end of the cathode cable 4323 is connected to the pipeline surface 210 through a jumper. Specifically, one end of the jumper is connected to the socket and the conductive steel belt, and the other end is connected to the cathode cable 4323. After the cathode cable 4323 is connected to the jumper, the first backfill is performed. Figure 2 As shown, a first backfill soil layer 410 is obtained. After the first backfill soil layer 410 is compacted, its upper surface is the first backfill soil elevation surface 411, and during the backfilling process, the end of the cathode cable 4323 away from the jumper is exposed above the first backfill soil elevation surface 411, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the vertical distance between the first layer backfill soil elevation surface 411 and the top of the pipeline body 200 (hereinafter referred to as the pipe top) is a, 0.3≤a≤0.7 (unit: meter), preferably a=0.5 (unit: meter).

[0069] It should be noted that manual backfilling is adopted below the elevation surface 411 of the first layer of backfill soil. The area below the elevation surface 411 of the first layer of backfill soil is the manual backfill area, and the area above is the mechanical backfill area. The area below 0.5 meters from the top of the pipe is usually the part of the pipeline body 200 that is most susceptible to external pressure and environmental influences. Manual backfilling can better control the density of the backfill material, thereby providing better protection and reducing the risk of deformation and damage of the pipeline body 200. In addition, the flat surface formed after manual backfilling (i.e., the elevation surface 411 of the first layer of backfill soil) provides a good foundation for mechanical backfilling, which can effectively support the pressure applied during the mechanical backfilling process, and ensure that the mechanical equipment can smoothly carry out subsequent backfilling operations.

[0070] Next, see Figure 3 As shown, two communication pipes 4111 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pipeline body 200 on the first backfill soil elevation surface 411. The communication pipes 4111 provide channels for laying optical cables, communication cables and other facilities, which facilitates the subsequent installation and maintenance of communication lines. Figure 4 As shown, the communication pipes 4111 arranged near the two sides of the pipeline body 200 have a vertical distance b between them and the two sides of the pipeline body 200, 1≤b≤2 (unit: meter), preferably b=1 (unit: meter), so that it is convenient to connect the communication line with the control equipment and monitoring equipment along the pipeline body 200 (for example: pressure transmitters, flow sensors, high-sensitivity hydrophone sensors, data acquisition terminals and other equipment).

[0071] Continue with the second backfill. Figure 2 As shown, a second backfill soil layer 420 is obtained. After the second backfill soil layer 420 is compacted, its upper surface is a second backfill soil elevation surface 421, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, at this time, the vertical distance between the second layer backfill elevation surface 421 and the first layer backfill elevation surface 411 is c, preferably c = 1 (unit: meter), and actually c is the antifreeze layer thickness (based on the thickness of the frozen soil layer on site) minus 0.5m; similarly, the end of the cathode cable 4323 away from the jumper is exposed above the second layer backfill elevation surface 421.

[0072] Figure 5 In the embodiment, on the second backfill soil elevation surface 421, a reference electrode 4211 is arranged on one side of the top of the pipeline body 200, and a sacrificial anode 4212 is arranged adjacent to the reference electrode 4211. A reference electrode cable 4322 and an anode cable 4321 are connected to the reference electrode 4211 and the sacrificial anode 4212, respectively, wherein:

[0073] The distance between the center of the reference electrode 4211 and the sacrificial anode 4212 is d, 1≤d≤2 (unit: meter), and the preferred d=1.3 (unit: meter). Because the value of d is appropriate, it can ensure that the current and protection effect generated by the sacrificial anode 4212 can effectively cover the protected pipeline body 200, while avoiding the reference electrode 4211 from being disturbed by the current due to the close distance. It should be noted that the reference electrode 4211 is used to measure the output current. The protection effect is considered to be achieved when the potential relative to the reference electrode 4211 is in the range of 0.85~1.0V or the polarization potential difference of the cathode cable 4323 is not less than 100mV, and in this embodiment, the reference electrode 4211 adopts a saturated copper sulfate solution.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the third backfilling is then performed to obtain a third backfilling soil layer 430, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, after the third backfill soil layer 430 is compacted, its upper surface is the third backfill soil elevation surface 431, and the vertical distance between the third backfill soil elevation surface 431 and the second backfill soil elevation surface 421 is e. The value of e is determined according to the burial depth of the pipeline body 200. According to the current design, the top of the pipe has a covering depth of 1.5m (i.e., a+c), plus 1.5m (maximum compaction thickness of a single layer) for a total of 3.0m. In fact, as long as the burial depth is greater than 3m, the value is 1.5m, and if it is less than 3m, the value is 0. The value can be taken according to the actual burial depth.

[0075] It should be noted that if Figure 6 As shown, during the third backfill process, the ends of the anode cable 4321, the reference electrode cable 4322 and the cathode cable 4323 are exposed above the third backfill elevation surface 431, and the anode cable 4321, the reference electrode cable 4322 and the cathode cable 4323 are connected to the regulator 432. The regulator 432 uses a self-contained potential-type cathode current regulator to adjust the current. The self-contained potential-type cathode current regulator (PCCR) is used to reduce the anode loss in the initial burial of the pipeline body 200 and increase the life of the sacrificial anode 4212.

[0076] In addition, if Figure 6As shown, a warning tape 4311 and a tracer line 4312 are provided on the elevation surface 431 of the third backfill soil. Specifically, the warning tape 4311 is made of PE material. Three groups of warning tapes 4311 are provided along the pipeline body 200 on the elevation surface 431 of the third backfill soil. One group of warning tapes 4311 is located directly above the pipeline body 200, and the tracer line 4312 is provided adjacent to the group of warning tapes 4311. The tracer line 4312 is used to indicate the direction and position of the pipeline body 200, while the warning tape 4311 is used to indicate the range to be protected. The remaining two groups of warning tapes 4311 are respectively provided on both sides of the pipeline body 200. The vertical distance between the warning tapes 4311 on both sides and the side of the pipeline body 200 is f, and f=b. The purpose is to ensure that the warning tapes 4311 can cover the communication pipe 4111, so that the optical cables, communication cables and other facilities arranged inside are included in the protection range.

[0077] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fourth backfill is finally performed to obtain a fourth backfill layer 440. After the fourth backfill layer 440 is compacted, its upper surface is a fourth backfill elevation surface 441, that is, the original ground elevation.

[0078] In the above scheme, the pipeline body 200 is mainly used for water delivery and drainage, and can also be used for gas delivery and exhaust according to actual needs. The material of the pipeline body 200 can be PCCP pipe, steel pipe, ductile iron pipe and other pipes.

[0079] It should be noted that when backfilling to the locations of the reference electrode 4211, the sacrificial anode 4212 and the communication pipe 4111, they will be laid and installed first and then backfilled.

[0080] In another embodiment, a system for monitoring the pipeline body 200 is proposed. The system establishes a three-level leakage event identification model based on pressure-flow-sound data, namely, a negative pressure wave method, a flow balance method, and an acoustic wave method, and uses pressure transmitters, flow sensors, high-sensitivity hydrophone sensors, data acquisition terminals and other equipment to realize the identification of abnormal pressure, flow changes and acoustic wave signals in the pipeline formed by the pipeline body 200, monitor leakage signals in the pipeline and accurately locate leakage points.

[0081] This model recognition method can distinguish between normal pressure fluctuations, pipe bursts, or water hammer events. At the same time, in order to improve positioning accuracy, on the one hand, the recognition accuracy of negative pressure pulses is improved, and on the other hand, the theoretical model and measured data are corrected in combination with factors such as the material, diameter, temperature, and pressure of the pipeline to reduce positioning errors. Through the upgrade of signal processing technology, advanced signal processing algorithms (such as wavelet analysis technology) are used to accurately capture the weak signal fluctuations caused by leakage, thereby improving monitoring sensitivity and positioning accuracy. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms are introduced to train models based on historical data to assist in event identification and accurately locate leakage points.

[0082] For details, see Figure 7 As shown, (1) Multi-diameter pipe network negative pressure wave method:

[0083] The basic principle of the negative pressure wave method is that when a leak occurs, the pipeline body 200 (i.e. Figure 7 The pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pipeline (in the pipeline) causes a violent pulse at the leakage point, forming a low-density longitudinal wave on the pipeline that is much lower than the internal pressure of the pipeline, which is called a negative pressure wave; this negative pressure wave will propagate along the pipeline medium at a certain speed. When the pipeline pressure suddenly changes, the pressure at the abnormal event point suddenly drops, and the pressure wave propagates upward and downstream from the event point. Due to the waveguide effect of the pipe wall, the pressure transmitter can detect the arrival time of the pressure wave. The time difference when the pressure wave passes through the upstream and downstream measuring points and the propagation speed of the pressure wave in the pipeline can be used to determine the occurrence and location of the abnormal event; the comprehensive real-time model corrects the pressure wave propagation speed to ensure the accuracy of positioning.

[0084] The positioning formula is:

[0085]

[0086] Where: X is the distance between the leakage point and the pressure measuring point at the head end (unit: meter);

[0087] L is the total length of the pipeline (unit: meter);

[0088] a is the propagation speed of the pressure wave in the pipeline medium (unit: m / s);

[0089] Δt is the time difference (in seconds) between the upstream and downstream pressure transmitters in receiving the pressure wave, Δt=t2-t1.

[0090] However, in a complex environment, the pipeline body 200 often includes multiple branches. In this case, if the conventional negative pressure wave detection method is still used for pipeline leakage detection, pressure transmitters need to be deployed at both ends of each branch, which is costly. Therefore, this embodiment also provides a multi-diameter pipeline network leakage monitoring algorithm based on negative pressure wave monitoring, and the algorithm implementation method is as follows:

[0091] like Figure 8 As shown, the propagation process of negative pressure waves in a single straight pipe is analyzed to obtain the calculation result of the sound velocity in the thin-walled pipe, and the calculation result is used to calculate the propagation time of the negative pressure wave; a number of pressure transmitters are deployed at appropriate positions of the pipeline body 200, and the pressure transmitters with known deployment positions are marked in the pipeline network diagram; the coordinates of the key nodes of the pipeline network are linearly interpolated to expand the pipeline network information; when a leak occurs at each position in the pipeline network, the time when the negative pressure wave signal generated by the leak propagates to each deployed data acquisition terminal is calculated in turn to form a data column, and a time delay standard library is established accordingly; the leakage scenario is simulated, and the pipeline pressure waveform is monitored by the data acquisition terminal. With the time delay standard library as a reference, the measured arrival time of the negative pressure wave at each position is subtracted from it, and the point corresponding to the data column in the time delay standard library that is closest to the measured propagation delay is determined as the leakage point, and the leakage point position is output.

[0092] (2) Flow balance method:

[0093] Based on the conservation relationship between the mass and volume of water in the pipeline body 200, the difference between the water inflow and outflow obtained by the flow sensor should be equal to the water loss in the pipeline body 200. After the pipeline body 200 runs stably, the water inflow and outflow are basically equal. If there is a difference and the difference is greater than a certain range, it indicates that leakage occurs between the two sections being measured.

[0094] A flow error algorithm is established based on the engineering situation, and the inevitable water loss in the pipeline water transmission process and the slight deviation of instrument measurement are taken into account to correct the flow monitoring data in order to make a scientific judgment on the leakage amount.

[0095] (3) Acoustic wave method:

[0096] The acoustic wave method considers the two stages of leakage occurrence and leakage continuation. When a leak occurs in the pipeline body 200, the medium in the pipe will be strongly impacted due to the instantaneous release of high-pressure fluid, thereby forming a strong acoustic wave. After the pipeline body 200 leaks, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the pipe wall causes a vortex to form at the leakage point, generating acoustic waves. The acoustic wave persists due to the occurrence of the leak and has a wide spectrum. The acoustic wave information is collected by a hydroacoustic sensor near the pipeline body 200 and the spectrum is analyzed to achieve leak identification and diagnosis.

[0097] Since the environment of the pipeline body 200 is relatively complex, the signals collected by the acoustic sensor contain a lot of noise, which will have a serious impact on the accuracy of leakage judgment. Therefore, in the process of data processing, the sound data is first denoised to eliminate the coupling noise caused by factors such as turbulence in the pipe and external interference during the operation of the pipeline body 200, and then the characteristic parameters such as time domain, frequency domain, shape, etc. are extracted to evaluate the leakage event of the pipeline through information fusion technology.

[0098] The sound waves generated by the leakage will propagate upward and downstream along the pipe body 200. The location of the leakage point is at different distances from the hydrophone sensor, so there is a certain time difference between the same waveform reaching the two hydrophone sensors. The specific location of the leakage point can be calculated by combining the distance between the hydrophone sensors at both ends and the propagation speed of the sound waves in the pipe.

[0099] In yet another embodiment, the first layer of backfill soil 410:

[0100] Material: Use gravel or sand with a particle size of 0-20mm.

[0101] Compactness: ≥95% (standard density).

[0102] Provides good drainage performance and reduces moisture accumulation above the pipe.

[0103] The second layer of backfill soil 420:

[0104] Material: Use sand with a particle size of 5-15mm.

[0105] Compaction degree: ≥90%.

[0106] It provides a certain degree of protection for the buried reference electrode 4211 and the sacrificial anode 4212 while maintaining good conductivity.

[0107] The third layer of backfill soil 430:

[0108] Materials: Use fine sand or soil with a particle size of 0-10mm.

[0109] Compaction degree: ≥85%.

[0110] A warning strip 4311 is set to facilitate subsequent excavation work without affecting the maintenance of upper facilities.

[0111] The fourth layer of backfill soil 440:

[0112] Materials: Use the same soil material as the surrounding ground.

[0113] Compactness: ≥95%.

[0114] Restore the surface and ensure that the ground is flat to facilitate daily transportation and operations.

[0115] In yet another embodiment, the first layer of backfill soil 410:

[0116] Material: crushed stone with a particle size of 0-30mm.

[0117] Compactness: ≥95%.

[0118] Improve pipeline stability and reduce the risk of subsidence.

[0119] The second layer of backfill soil 420:

[0120] Materials: Use sand with a particle size of 2-10mm and add an appropriate amount of clay to enhance stability.

[0121] Compactness: ≥92%.

[0122] Provide a good electrochemical environment to ensure the effectiveness of the electrode.

[0123] The third layer of backfill soil 430:

[0124] Materials: Use mixed soil with a particle size of 5-20 mm, and add identification materials (such as colored particles) to distinguish the warning zone 4311.

[0125] Compaction degree: ≥85%.

[0126] A warning strip 4311 is set to facilitate later excavation and maintenance.

[0127] The fourth layer of backfill soil 440:

[0128] Materials: Soil consistent with the surrounding environment.

[0129] Compactness: ≥95%.

[0130] Restore the ground.

[0131] In yet another embodiment, the first layer of backfill soil 410:

[0132] Materials: Use recycled materials (such as recycled concrete aggregate).

[0133] Compaction degree: ≥90%.

[0134] Reduce environmental impact and reduce the use of raw materials.

[0135] The second layer of backfill soil 420:

[0136] Materials: Use environmentally friendly soil (such as improved soil) with a particle size of 0-15mm.

[0137] Compaction degree: ≥90%.

[0138] Function: Ensure the effectiveness of electrodes and anodes and reduce the impact on the environment.

[0139] The third layer of backfill soil 430:

[0140] Material: Environmentally friendly material with identification function is used.

[0141] Compaction degree: ≥85%.

[0142] Set up warning tape to facilitate later maintenance and excavation.

[0143] The fourth layer of backfill soil 440:

[0144] Materials: Natural soil is used to ensure consistency with the surrounding environment.

[0145] Compactness: ≥95%.

[0146] Restore the ground.

[0147] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities, comprising a foundation pit (100) and a pipeline body (200), wherein the pipeline body (200) is buried in the foundation pit (100), characterized in that: A total of four hierarchical surfaces are formed on the pipeline body (200) and above the pipeline body (200); The four hierarchical surfaces are respectively arranged from bottom to top; Facilities with different functions are arranged on each of the levels; The closer the facilities are to the level surface of the pipeline body (200), the greater their stability.

2. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the pipeline body (200) constitutes a pipeline surface (210), and the pipeline surface (210) constitutes a hierarchical surface on the pipeline body (200).

3. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The foundation pit (100) is backfilled with a first backfill soil layer (410), a second backfill soil layer (420) and a third backfill soil layer (430) in sequence from bottom to top; The upper surfaces of the first backfill soil layer (410), the second backfill soil layer (420) and the third backfill soil layer (430) respectively constitute three level surfaces above the pipeline body (200).

4. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first backfill soil layer (410) is a manual backfill area, and the backfill soil layer above the first backfill soil layer (410) is a mechanical backfill area.

5. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The thickness of the second backfill soil layer (420) is determined according to the thickness of the frozen soil layer on site, specifically: A = B - 0.5; Wherein, A is the thickness of the second backfill soil layer (420), and B is the thickness of the frozen soil layer on site, in meters.

6. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The facilities set up on the four levels from bottom to top are: Monitoring facilities, used to monitor the pipeline body (200); Communication facilities for communication during monitoring; A protection facility, used to protect the pipeline body (200); The marking facility is used to mark the facilities below it and the pipeline body (200).

7. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The protection facility includes a reference electrode (4211) and a sacrificial anode (4212); Among the four hierarchical planes, a regulator (432) is arranged above the top hierarchical plane; A reference electrode cable (4322) is connected between the reference electrode (4211) and the regulator (432); An anode cable (4321) is connected between the sacrificial anode (4212) and the regulator (432); A cathode cable (4323) is connected between the pipeline body (200) and the regulator (432).

8. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The monitoring facility is arranged adjacent to the top of the pipeline body (200); The communication facilities are provided in two groups, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides above the pipeline body (200); The marking facility comprises a warning tape (4311), and the warning tape (4311) is arranged along the pipeline body (200).

9. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The warning tapes (4311) are provided in three groups, wherein one group of warning tapes (4311) is provided directly above the pipeline body (200), and its protection range covers the monitoring facilities; There are also two groups of warning strips (4311) respectively arranged above the two groups of communication facilities, and their protection range covers the two groups of communication facilities and the sacrificial anode (4212), and the vertical distance between the side of the warning strip (4311) close to the pipeline body (200) and the pipeline body (200) is equal to the vertical distance between the side of the communication facilities close to the pipeline body (200) and the pipeline body (200); in: A set of warning bands (4311) directly above the pipeline body (200) and a set of warning bands (4311) above the sacrificial anode (4212) together form a protection range covering the reference electrode (4211), the anode cable (4321), the reference electrode cable (4322) and the cathode cable (4323); The three groups of warning tapes (4311) together form a protection range covering the entire layered buried structure.

10. The novel layered buried structure of pipeline monitoring and protection facilities according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The marking facility also includes a tracer line (4312), and the tracer line (4312) is set adjacent to a set of warning bands (4311) just above the pipeline body (200).

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