Transduction element electric explosion whole process parameter combined diagnosis method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a joint diagnosis method and device for electric explosion whole process parameters of a transducer element, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectric detection. The combined diagnosis device is composed of a bridge region temperature measurement module based on a multispectral radiation temperature measurement method, a plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on an atomic emission spectrometry and a synchronous triggering module. A multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement technology and an atomic emission spectrum temperature measurement technology are combined to develop a combined measurement system for the temperature and plasma characteristic parameters of a transduction element bridge region, and different spectrum detection methods and temperature inversion algorithms are adopted for different stages in the electrical explosion process of the transduction element. And high-time-resolution and wide-range synchronous measurement of the whole-process bridge region temperature and the plasma temperature / electron density of the transduction element can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photoelectric detection technology, and in particular to accurate quantitative measurement of bridge zone temperature and plasma temperature / electron density during electric explosion of a transducer element. Background Art

[0002] Micro-pyrotechnic transducers are widely used in weapons and ammunition, aerospace launch, flight rescue, civil engineering blasting and other fields, playing a key role in ignition, fire transmission, delay, etc., and playing a key role in key actions such as takeoff ignition and rocket-satellite separation. Its safety and ignition reliability determine the safety and reliability of the entire weapon system. Research on the detonation mechanism and law of transducers is crucial to improving the stability and reliability of micro-pyrotechnic performance, and even affects the combat performance of the entire weapon system.

[0003] The core device of the transducer is the ignition bridge chip, which realizes the conversion of electrical energy into detonation energy. Its structure and transduction characteristics directly affect the ignition and detonation performance of micro-pyrotechnics. There are three main types of ignition bridges: metal bridge wires, metal bridge foils and semiconductor bridges. When a pulse current is applied to the bridge area of ​​the transducer, the bridge area material realizes electrothermal conversion under the action of the current, and the bridge area temperature rises rapidly to vaporization, and forms transient high-temperature, high-energy flux density plasma, shock waves and a large number of active particles under the action of the electric field. Plasma directly acts on explosives to achieve combustion-to-detonation (DDT); when plasma and shock waves act on flyers, they shear the flyers and drive them to accelerate to several thousand meters per second, and hit the explosive column to achieve shock-to-detonation (SDT). In this complex transient physical and chemical process, the quantitative and accurate measurement of the bridge area temperature and plasma temperature / electron density throughout the process is crucial for studying the action mechanism of micro-pyrotechnics and characterizing the ignition performance of micro-pyrotechnics. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems of low time resolution, small temperature measurement range, high cost, low integration of test instruments, difficulty in achieving joint measurement (the measurement of each characteristic parameter must be tested separately) in existing transducer bridge zone temperature and plasma characteristic parameter testing devices, and provide a new testing idea and testing scheme for high-precision, rapid and joint measurement of bridge zone temperature and plasma characteristic parameters during the ignition and detonation of the transducer.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A combined diagnosis method and device for parameters of the whole process of energy conversion element electric explosion, the combined diagnosis device consists of three parts: a bridge area temperature measurement module based on multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement, a plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy, and a synchronous trigger module; wherein the bridge area temperature measurement module based on multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement includes a fiber collimator, a 1-to-6 splitting optical fiber, a filter loader and a filter, a photodiode and an IV conversion amplifier circuit, a multi-channel data acquisition card and a PC; the plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy includes a fiber collimator, a 1-to-3 splitting optical fiber, a photodetector, an oscilloscope and a PC; the synchronous trigger module includes a synchronous trigger circuit and a digital power supply; The combined diagnostic method adopts different measurement methods for different stages of the transducer electric explosion process: when a certain voltage pulse is applied to both ends of the transducer, the temperature of its bridge area rises rapidly, the bridge material in the middle area melts quickly, and after vaporization occurs, plasma discharge is generated under the action of the electric field; for the bridge area heating stage, a multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module is used to collect the multi-spectral radiation signal of the bridge area; for the plasma flash stage, a plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy is used to collect atomic and ion emission spectrum signals; then the collected optical signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photoelectric conversion module, which is collected by a data acquisition system and uploaded to the host computer for bridge area temperature and plasma temperature / electron density solution.

[0006] Preferably, the synchronous trigger module is used for electric explosion drive and can connect the electric explosion drive signal to the trigger channel on the two groups of measurement channel data acquisition systems, so as to realize the simultaneous detonation of the energy conversion element and the signal acquisition of the two modules.

[0007] Preferably, the IV conversion amplifier circuit (5) comprises a power supply module, a photodiode, an IV conversion circuit module, and a secondary amplifier circuit module. The feedback resistor of the amplifier part adopts an adjustable potentiometer, which can realize dynamic adjustment of the amplification factor, thereby obtaining a more appropriate sensitivity and realizing high-speed acquisition of weak spectral signals.

[0008] Preferably, the calibration process of the combined diagnosis is: ①. Carry out temperature-voltage calibration on the bridge area temperature measurement module; align the fiber optic probe of the multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement system with the high-temperature blackbody furnace window, set a calibration point every 50K between 750K and 1350K, and record the voltage values ​​of the six channels corresponding to each temperature point. Use the least squares method to fit the calibration data of each channel, and finally obtain the temperature-voltage calibration curve; ②. Perform light intensity-voltage calibration on the plasma temperature / electron density measurement module. Use a light-emitting diode with wavelengths corresponding to three spectral lines as a pulsed light source with adjustable optical power. Couple the light energy it generates to the optical fiber. Connect the tail end of the optical fiber to a spectrometer to directly obtain the intensity. Then connect the tail end of the optical fiber to a detector to measure its voltage value to achieve light intensity-voltage calibration.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module establishes the objective function and constraint conditions for multi-channel true temperature solution according to the multi-spectral radiation theoretical model, and performs true temperature inversion using the optimization function solved by the constrained optimization problem. This method does not need to assume that there is a certain relationship between emissivity and true temperature or wavelength, but rather transforms the multi-spectral true temperature inversion problem into an optimization problem for solution.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) It can solve the problems of low measurement time resolution, small temperature measurement range, high cost, low integration of test instruments, and difficulty in achieving joint measurement (the measurement of each characteristic parameter must be tested separately) in the existing micro-pyrotechnic bridge zone temperature and plasma characteristic parameter test equipment.

[0011] (2) The present invention is characterized by combining the radiation / emission spectrum characteristics of the bridge zone temperature rise, plasma generation, and explosive detonation stages in the energy conversion process with multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement technology and atomic emission spectrum temperature measurement technology to achieve high time resolution and wide range synchronous measurement of the bridge zone temperature and plasma temperature / electron density in the entire energy conversion process.

[0012] (3) The measurement system is fully optical, with a simple structure and low cost. It uses spectroscopy to perform high-speed synchronous measurement of the bridge zone heating process and plasma temperature / electron density, with high synchronization, high accuracy and wide applicability.

[0013] (4) The multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module uses an optimization function-based algorithm that does not require the input of brightness temperature, eliminating the error caused by brightness temperature calibration. The algorithm does not assume that there is a certain relationship between emissivity and true temperature or wavelength, but instead transforms multi-spectral data into an optimization problem for processing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the testing device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a 9-18VDC to 5VDC power supply circuit module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a 5VDC to -5VDC power supply circuit module of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of an IV conversion amplifier circuit of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature-voltage calibration method of the bridge area temperature measurement module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the light intensity-voltage calibration method of the plasma temperature and density measurement module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flow chart of the interior point method solution of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. Fiber collimator; 2. 1-to-6 splitting optical fiber; 3. Filter loader; 4. Photodiode; 5. IV conversion amplifier circuit; 6. Multi-channel data acquisition card; 7. PC; 8. 1-to-3 splitting optical fiber; 9. Photodetector; 10. Oscilloscope; 11. Synchronous trigger circuit; 12. Digital power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. s1: The whole process and measurement principle of energy conversion element electric explosion

[0017] (1) After a certain voltage / current pulse is applied to the two electrodes of the transducer, the temperature of the bridge area material rises rapidly under the action of Joule heat, and the bridge body material in the middle area melts quickly, but this process does not generate plasma. Multi-spectral radiation thermometry uses the radiation signals of multiple wavelength channels of an object to calculate the temperature of the object through the intensity of the radiation spectrum. Therefore, multi-spectral radiation thermometry can be used to measure the change of the bridge area temperature in this process.

[0018] According to the Wien formula and the basic definition of brightness temperature, the wavelength of the i-th measurement channel of the multi-spectral pyrometer is λ i , Zhenwen T The spectral radiance is L λi (T) , with a certain temperature T i Blackbody spectral radiance L λib (T i ) When equal, there is (1) in

[0019]

[0020] In the formula T is the true temperature of the target to be measured; Ti is the brightness temperature of the i-th channel; λ i is the central wavelength of each channel; ε λi (T) is the spectral emissivity of the object under test at temperature T, and c1 and c2 are radiation constants.

[0021] According to the basic theory of radiation temperature measurement, when c 2 / λ i T>>1 , can be approximated by Wien's formula, so we can get: (2) Further sorting can be obtained: (3) Therefore, the true temperature of each measurement channel can be expressed as: (4) (2) The temperature of the bridge area continues to rise, the material in the bridge area vaporizes, and the micro-explosive device generates plasma discharge accompanied by a strong light signal. At this time, the mechanism for generating the light signal is the atomic emission spectrum theory.

[0022] According to the theory of atomic emission spectroscopy, low-energy atoms or ions will be excited to high energy levels after being heated. According to the Boltzmann equation under thermodynamic equilibrium, the atomic concentration of the excited state is: (5) In the formula N i is the number of atoms in excited state per unit volume, N 0 is the number of atoms in the ground state per unit volume, g i and g 0 are the statistical weights of the excited state and the ground state respectively. The statistical weight is a constant related to the degeneracy of this energy level. E i For excited state i The energy level (excitation potential), k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the excitation temperature.

[0023] Because excited atoms or ions at high energy levels are very unstable, they will transition to low energy levels or ground states in a very short time and radiate energy in the form of light. This process satisfies the equation: E m -E n =hvmn (6) In the formula E m For high-level energy, E n is the energy at the low level, v mn is the frequency of the radiation spectrum produced by the transition, h is Planck's constant.

[0024] Since atoms in an excited state return to the ground state in different ways, there are various possibilities for the emission of spectral lines. Suppose an atom is excited to a high energy level. When it returns to a low energy level and produces radiation, there are various possibilities for the transition of this excited atom between energy levels; the size of the probability of transition between different energy levels is called the transition probability (or emission probability). Let i and m The probability of transition between energy levels is A im , then in i and m The energy difference between the two energy levels is: (7) The intensity of the spectral line produced by the transition ( I im )for: (8) Summarizing the above formulas, the formula for spectral line intensity can be obtained as follows: (9) In the formula I im Energy Level i and m The intensity of the spectral lines produced by the transition between N 0 is the number of atoms in the ground state per unit volume, A im for i and m The transition probability between two energy levels is h is Planck's constant, v im is the frequency of the spectral line produced by the transition.

[0025] For two spectral lines of the same atom, the intensity ratio of the two spectral lines should satisfy the following formula: (10) In the formula I λ1 and I λ2 The two wavelengths are λ1 and λ 2 The intensity of the spectral line, A 1 and A 2 are the transition probabilities of the two spectral lines, g 1 and g 2 are the statistical weights of the excited states of the two spectral lines, E 1 and E 2 are the excited state energies of the two spectral lines, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the excitation temperature.

[0026] From formula (10), we get: (11) For two known spectral lines A 1 , A 2 , g 1 , g 2 , E 1 , E 2 and k are all known spectral constants, so as long as the spectral line intensities of the two spectral lines are measured I λ1 and I λ2 , the plasma temperature can be obtained from equation (11): T .

[0027] On this basis, according to the Boltzmann-Saha equation, the relationship between the electron density and the spectral line intensity of the plasma can be obtained as follows: (12) In the formula I 1 and I 2 are two wavelengths respectively λ 1 and λ The intensity of the spectral lines of 2 is 2 atomic spectral lines for the plasma temperature measurement system, and ion and atomic spectral lines for the plasma electron density measurement system; A 1 and A 2 are the transition probabilities of the two spectral lines; g 1 and g 2 are the statistical weights of the excited states of the two spectral lines; E1 and E 2 are the excited state energies of the two spectral lines; k is the Boltzmann constant; h is Planck's constant; T is the excitation temperature; n e is the electron density of the plasma; E ion is the primary ionization potential of the atom. For the two known spectral lines, A 1, A 2, g 1, g 2, E 1, E 2 and k are all known spectral constants, so as long as the spectral line intensities of the two spectral lines are measured I 1 and I 2, the plasma electron density can be obtained by equation (12): n e .

[0028] Taking SCB electric explosion as an example, there are atomic emission lines and ion emission lines of Si in the plasma discharge flash spectrum during the SCB energy conversion element electric explosion process. The atomic emission spectrometry method can calculate the transient temperature and electron density of the plasma based on the intensity of two atomic emission spectra and one ion emission spectrum of the same element. s2: Joint measurement system structure

[0029] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a joint measurement system for the bridge zone temperature and plasma characteristic parameters of the whole process of the energy conversion element. The system consists of three parts: a multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module, an atomic emission spectrum measurement module and a synchronous trigger module. The multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module is used to measure the bridge zone temperature during the electric explosion process, and the atomic emission spectrum measurement module is used to measure the temperature and electron density of the plasma; the synchronous trigger module is used to send a trigger signal to the micro-explosive device, the multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module and the atomic emission spectrum measurement module to realize the synchronous acquisition of the spectral signals of the two modules. The specific description of the system is as follows: (1) The multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement channel is used to measure the temperature change of the bridge area during the detonation of the transducer element. This channel uses a fiber optic probe to receive the infrared spectrum signal radiated by the semiconductor bridge during the heating process, and divides the optical signal into 6 paths by a 1-to-6 split optical fiber; the tail ends of the 6 optical fibers are connected to a photodiode equipped with a bandpass filter, and the central wavelengths of the bandpass filter are λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4, λ5, and λ6 respectively; the photodiode converts the received optical signal into a weak photocurrent; the current signal is converted into a voltage signal that can be collected by the data acquisition card through the IV conversion amplifier circuit, and the voltage signal is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal through a multi-channel digital acquisition card and sent to the PC. The analog bandwidth of the photodiode and the IV conversion amplifier circuit is >100KHz, which meets the technical indicator requirement that the time resolution of this measurement channel is ≯10μs.

[0030] (2) The atomic emission spectrum measurement channel is used to measure the plasma temperature / electron density during the plasma generation stage of the energy conversion process. Taking the semiconductor bridge (SCB) pyrotechnics as an example, this channel receives the atomic emission spectrum signal emitted by the plasma discharge flash, and divides the optical signal into three paths by a 1-to-3 split optical fiber; the tail ends of the three optical fibers are connected to a photodetector equipped with a bandpass filter, and the central wavelengths of the bandpass filter are the wavelengths corresponding to the two atomic emission lines and one ion emission line of the same element in the energy conversion element; the detector converts the received changing light intensity signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the oscilloscope, and then sends the collected light intensity data to the PC. The analog bandwidth of the photodetector used in this test channel is as high as 100MHz, the analog bandwidth of the oscilloscope is as high as 1GHz, and the sampling rate is 6.25GSa / s, which can achieve the time resolution of ≯50ns in the technical indicators of this channel.

[0031] (3) The synchronous trigger module is used to send trigger signals to the transducer, multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module and atomic emission spectrum measurement module to achieve synchronous acquisition of the spectrum signals of the two modules. This module connects the ignition voltage signal of the micro-pyrotechnic device to two sets of wires in parallel as trigger signal lines, and connects them to the data acquisition card trigger channel of the bridge area temperature measurement module and the oscilloscope trigger channel of the plasma temperature / electron density measurement module respectively. When voltage is applied to the transducer, the oscilloscope and the acquisition card are triggered synchronously. s3: Spectral signal acquisition circuit

[0032] In the bridge area temperature measurement module based on multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement, a 6-channel IV conversion amplifier circuit is designed in the processing step of converting the radiation light signal into an electrical signal. The photoelectric conversion circuit includes a power supply module, a photodiode, an IV conversion circuit module, and a secondary amplifier circuit module. The specific design method is as follows: ①Power module The power supply circuit is the premise for the normal operation of the entire photoelectric conversion circuit. It provides the power required for the normal operation of the entire measurement part and plays a vital role in the stability and reliability of the entire device. The voltages used in this part of the circuit are mainly +5V and -5V. Since the ME7660 is powered by a single power supply of +5V in the circuit, and the AD822 and NE5532 chips are powered by dual power supplies of ±5V, considering that too much external power will directly interfere with the analog circuit signal of this part, which will eventually affect the accuracy of the measurement results, the external 9-18V power supply is converted into the corresponding +5V and -5V power supplies for the above chips.

[0033] 9-18V to 5V uses the high-performance DC-DC power module VRB1205ZP-6WR3 from Golden Sun. The module inputs 9-18V voltage, outputs 5V / 1.2A, 1500VDC conventional isolation voltage, anti-reverse connection, TVS surge protection, input undervoltage protection, output short circuit, overcurrent, overvoltage protection. The output 5V voltage is used to power the ME7660 and AD822 chips. The circuit diagram is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0034] The ME7660 chip is used as the -5V voltage conversion chip. This chip is a DC voltage reverse dedicated integrated circuit chip with a wide input voltage range of +1.5V to +10V, and can convert its input voltage to -1.5V to -10V output. Figure 3 As shown, fewer peripheral components are used, and only two corresponding electrolytic capacitors are needed to realize the conversion between positive voltage and negative voltage; it is often used in occasions where the input current is small, and when outputting the corresponding negative voltage, the output voltage has a higher accuracy and lower power consumption when in use.

[0035] ②I-V conversion amplifier circuit module The IV conversion amplifier circuit is the core circuit in this circuit module. This part of the circuit mainly includes the photodiode circuit, IV conversion circuit, primary amplifier circuit (inverting amplifier), and secondary amplifier circuit (common phase amplifier). Its main function is to convert the current signal stimulated by the photodiode into a voltage signal and amplify it, so that it can be converted into a voltage signal that can be directly collected by the acquisition card, and it has high sensitivity. The circuit design schematic diagram of the IV conversion amplifier circuit is shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown: The photodiode is equivalent to the photodiode and its parasitic resistance C DThe photodiodes are connected in parallel, because the selected photodiodes are LSIPD-1S and LSSPD-0.5 InGaAs photodiodes produced by Beijing Minguang Technology Co., Ltd. The transimpedance amplifier circuit uses AD825 as the transimpedance amplifier of the circuit. The selection of this operational amplifier can improve the overall resolution and accuracy of the system.

[0036] In order to meet the requirement of measuring microsecond-level temperature changes, the circuit -3dB bandwidth needs to be no less than 100kHz. The maximum value of the feedback resistor R5 can be calculated by formula (13) (the following calculation takes LSSPD-0.5 as an example): (13) (14) Where GBP is the gain bandwidth product of AD825, which is 41MHz; C S is the parasitic capacitance of the front end of the op amp, C D is the parasitic capacitance of the photoelectric tube, C CM is the parasitic common mode capacitance of the chip input, C DIFF is the parasitic differential capacitance of the chip input, which can be calculated by consulting the component manual. S is 50.55pF. Substituting it into equation (13), the maximum value of R5 is 653KΩ. To ensure a sufficiently high bandwidth, R F Set to 100K.

[0037] In order to prevent the operational amplifier from self-excitation, it is necessary to set the feedback capacitor C7 for compensation. The minimum value of C7 can be calculated by the following formula: (15) C S =50.55pF, R5=100K, GBP=41M Substituting into the above formula, we get C F The minimum value is about 6.7pF. To ensure system stability, C F Set to 10pF.

[0038] ③ Primary and secondary amplifier circuit modules Since the voltage signal obtained after the IV conversion amplifier circuit is still weak and difficult to collect, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and enable the subsequent acquisition part to accurately collect the voltage signal, the first and second stage amplifier circuits are designed to proportionally amplify the useful voltage signal and have stronger anti-interference ability.

[0039] In the design of the first-stage amplifier circuit, the operational amplifier NE5532 is selected. Since the voltage signal converted by the previous stage transimpedance amplifier circuit is a negative signal, it is necessary to reversely amplify the signal, which can convert the signal into a positive signal and perform the method at the same time. In this circuit, R2 is the input resistor, R3 is the feedback resistor RF The input and output voltage relationship of this circuit is: (16) In the design of the secondary amplifier circuit, the operational amplifier also chooses NE5532. R5 is the input resistor and R8 is the feedback resistor R F The input and output voltage relationship of this circuit is: (17) That is, the amplification factor is 1 + the ratio of R8 to R7. s4: System calibration

[0040] After the system is established, the bridge area temperature measurement module needs to be calibrated for temperature-voltage, and the plasma temperature / electron density measurement module needs to be calibrated for light intensity-voltage.

[0041] ① Temperature-voltage calibration of the bridge area temperature measurement module The schematic diagram of temperature-voltage calibration is as follows Figure 5 As shown. The fiber optic probe of the multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement system is aimed at the window of the high-temperature blackbody furnace, and a calibration point is set every 50K between 750K and 1350K. The voltage values ​​of the six channels corresponding to each temperature point are recorded, and the calibration data of each channel are fitted using the least squares method to finally obtain the temperature-voltage calibration curve.

[0042] The steps for temperature calibration experiment using high temperature blackbody furnace are as follows: a. First, close the lens of the multi-spectral pyrometer and collect the voltage data of each channel 128 times respectively. Remove the extreme value of each set of data and take the average value as the zero point voltage of the channel.

[0043] b. Then open the lens of the multi-spectral pyrometer and adjust the focus precisely so that the blackbody window fills the entire field of view and gradually increases the blackbody temperature by about 50K.

[0044] c. After the temperature of the high-temperature blackbody stabilizes, calibrate it, that is, collect the voltage data of each channel at this temperature 10 times, remove the extreme values ​​of each group of data and take the average value, and save the obtained voltage average value and corresponding temperature record.

[0045] d. After obtaining the voltage value of each channel at each calibration temperature, the temperature information and voltage information are fitted using the least squares method. Assuming that the temperature T With voltage V The following relationship exists:

[0046] In the formula V i For the iThe voltage value recorded under each channel, T is the temperature of each calibration point, A, B, C are the fitting coefficients.

[0047] ②Light intensity-voltage calibration of plasma temperature / electron density measurement module Since the APD module of C12702-11 selected for the plasma temperature and density measurement channel has a low-frequency cutoff frequency of 0.004MHz and a high-frequency cutoff frequency of 100MHz. A set of pulsed light sources with adjustable optical power is designed, using light-emitting diodes with wavelengths corresponding to two atomic lines and ion lines as light sources, coupling the light energy generated by them to the optical fiber, and connecting the tail end of the optical fiber to the spectrometer to directly obtain the intensity, and then connecting the tail end of the optical fiber to the detector to measure its voltage value to achieve calibration. The light-emitting diode is powered by a pulse, and its pulse frequency is ≥3KHz. The specific implementation method is: using a single-chip microcomputer to generate a pulse signal and using a MOS tube circuit to achieve adjustable pulse amplitude. Then the luminous intensity amplitude is adjustable; at the same time, an attenuation plate is used to achieve adjustable weak light intensity.

[0048] The designed pulse generation circuit is welded with a light-emitting diode, and the light-emitting diode is coupled to the energy transmission straight-through optical fiber. After the light energy passes through the straight-through optical fiber and is filtered, the tail end of the optical fiber is connected to the spectrometer to obtain its light intensity, and then the tail end of the optical fiber is connected to the detector to measure its voltage value. After that, the variable resistor is adjusted to adjust the light intensity, and the light intensity and the output voltage value of the detector are continuously measured, and finally the voltage-light intensity curve is obtained. The schematic diagram of the method is shown in the figure below. Figure 6 shown. s5: Optimization function true temperature inversion algorithm

[0049] In the multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module, the temperature of the bridge area at the same time is unique. The true temperature calculated by different wavelength spectral channels should be equal to the real temperature of the target to be measured, that is, the deviation of the true temperature calculated under different spectral channels should be zero, which can be expressed by the following formula: (18) in is the calculated true temperature under the i-th spectral channel, Calculate the average value of the true temperature for each channel.

[0050] The above formula can be expressed in the form of constrained optimization (19) make , , Substituting into formula (4) we can get the calculated true temperature of each channel: (20) (twenty one) Combining formula (4) and formula (19-21), we can get: (twenty two) Since the spectral emissivity ranges between 0 and 1.0, 0≤ ≤1, so the constraint is <0, the constrained optimization problem of the optimization algorithm based on the reference temperature can be defined as (twenty three) The true temperature inversion algorithm based on the optimization function uses the fmincon function in MATLAB. The fmincon function is a function for solving the extreme value problem of multivariate functions containing constraints. fmincon is a universal optimization solution function that can be used to solve the following constrained optimization problems: (twenty four) In the formula f ( x ) is the objective function, is a linear constraint: A and Aeq are the coefficient matrices of linear inequality constraints and equality constraints, respectively. b and beq is the constraint vector; ub and lb are the upper and lower bounds of the variables respectively. This function contains four different algorithms, namely, interior point algorithm, sequential quadratic programming algorithm, effective set algorithm and trust region reflective algorithm. The basic idea of ​​this function is to use the first-order derivative information of the objective function and constraint function, starting from the given initial point, and iterating along the direction of the objective function descent under the condition of satisfying the constraints, and finally converge to the local optimal solution. The solution of this algorithm uses the interior point method function method to solve, and the flowchart of the interior point method solution is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0051] It should be noted that the technical indicators that can be achieved by the present invention are: (1) Time resolution: plasma temperature and density measurement ≯50ns, bridge zone temperature measurement ≯10μs; (2) Temperature measurement range: The bridge temperature measurement range is 750-1300K, and the plasma temperature measurement range is 2000-4000K; (3) Plasma density measurement range: 10 12 ~10 15 cm -3 ; In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the combined measurement system consists of three parts: a bridge temperature measurement module based on multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement, a plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy, and a synchronous trigger module: (1) The multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement channel is used to measure the temperature change of the bridge area during the detonation of the transducer element. This channel uses a fiber optic probe to receive the infrared spectrum signal radiated by the semiconductor bridge during the heating process, and divides the optical signal into 6 paths by a 1-to-6 split optical fiber; the tail ends of the 6 optical fibers are connected to a photodiode equipped with a bandpass filter, and the central wavelengths of the bandpass filter are λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4, λ5 and λ6 respectively; the photodiode converts the received optical signal into a weak photocurrent; the current signal is converted into a voltage signal that can be collected by the data acquisition card through the IV conversion amplifier circuit, and the voltage signal is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal through a multi-channel digital acquisition card and sent to the PC. The analog bandwidth of the photodiode and the IV conversion amplifier circuit is >100KHz, which meets the technical indicator requirement that the time resolution of this measurement channel is ≯10μs.

[0052] (2) The atomic emission spectrum measurement channel is used to measure the plasma temperature / electron density during the plasma generation stage of the energy conversion process. Taking the semiconductor bridge (SCB) pyrotechnics as an example, this channel receives the atomic emission spectrum signal emitted by the plasma discharge flash, and divides the optical signal into three paths by a 1-to-3 split optical fiber; the tail ends of the three optical fibers are connected to a photodetector equipped with a bandpass filter, and the central wavelengths of the bandpass filter are the wavelengths corresponding to the two atomic emission lines and one ion emission line of the same element in the energy conversion element; the detector converts the received changing light intensity signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the oscilloscope, and then sends the collected light intensity data to the PC. The analog bandwidth of the photodetector used in this test channel is as high as 100MHz, the analog bandwidth of the oscilloscope is as high as 1GHz, and the sampling rate is 6.25GSa / s, which can achieve the time resolution of ≯50ns in the technical indicators of this channel.

[0053] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A combined diagnostic device for parameters of the whole process of electric explosion of energy conversion element, characterized by: The device consists of three parts: a bridge zone temperature measurement module based on multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement, a plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy, and a synchronous trigger module. The bridge zone temperature measurement module based on multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement includes a fiber collimator (1), a 1-to-6-beam splitting optical fiber (2), a filter loader (3) and filters, a photodiode (4) and an IV conversion amplifier circuit (5), a multi-channel data acquisition card (6) and a PC (7). The plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy includes a fiber collimator (1), a 1-to-3-beam splitting optical fiber (8), a photodetector (9), an oscilloscope (10) and a PC (7). The synchronous trigger module includes a synchronous trigger circuit (11) and a digital power supply (12).

2. According to claim 1, a combined diagnostic device for parameters of the whole process of electric explosion of energy conversion element, characterized in that: The synchronous trigger module is used for electric explosion driving and can connect the electric explosion driving signal to the trigger channel on the two groups of measurement channel data acquisition systems, so as to realize the simultaneous detonation of the energy conversion element and the signal acquisition of the two modules.

3. A combined diagnostic device for parameters of the whole process of electric explosion of energy conversion element according to claim 2, characterized in that: The IV conversion amplifier circuit (5) comprises a power supply module, a photodiode, an IV conversion circuit module, and a secondary amplifier circuit module. The feedback resistor of the amplifier part adopts an adjustable potentiometer, which can realize dynamic adjustment of the amplification factor, thereby obtaining a more appropriate sensitivity and realizing high-speed acquisition of weak spectral signals.

4. The combined diagnostic device for parameters of the whole process of electric explosion of energy conversion element according to claim 1 is characterized by: The calibration process of the combined diagnosis is as follows: ①. Carry out temperature-voltage calibration on the bridge area temperature measurement module; align the fiber optic probe of the multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement system with the high-temperature blackbody furnace window, set a calibration point every 50K between 750K and 1350K, and record the voltage values ​​of the six channels corresponding to each temperature point. Use the least squares method to fit the calibration data of each channel, and finally obtain the temperature-voltage calibration curve; ②. Perform light intensity-voltage calibration on the plasma temperature / electron density measurement module. Use a light-emitting diode with wavelengths corresponding to three spectral lines as a pulsed light source with adjustable optical power. Couple the light energy it generates to the optical fiber. Connect the tail end of the optical fiber to a spectrometer to directly obtain the intensity. Then connect the tail end of the optical fiber to a detector to measure its voltage value to achieve light intensity-voltage calibration.

5. The combined diagnostic device for parameters of the whole process of electric explosion of energy conversion element according to claim 1 is characterized by: The multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module establishes the objective function and constraint conditions for multi-channel true temperature solution according to the multi-spectral radiation theoretical model, and performs true temperature inversion using the optimization function solved by the constrained optimization problem.

6. A combined diagnosis method for parameters of the whole process of energy conversion element electric explosion, characterized by: The combined diagnostic method adopts different measurement methods for different stages of the transducer electric explosion process: when a certain voltage pulse is applied to both ends of the transducer, the temperature of its bridge area rises rapidly, the bridge material in the middle area melts quickly, and after vaporization occurs, plasma discharge is generated under the action of the electric field; for the bridge area heating stage, a multi-spectral radiation temperature measurement module is used to collect the multi-spectral radiation signal of the bridge area; for the plasma flash stage, a plasma temperature / electron density measurement module based on atomic emission spectroscopy is used to collect atomic and ion emission spectrum signals; then the collected optical signal is converted into an electrical signal through a photoelectric conversion module, which is collected by a data acquisition system and uploaded to the host computer for bridge area temperature and plasma temperature / electron density solution.

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