Test system for simulating landslide and dam burst

Abstract

The invention relates to a test system for simulating landslide and dam burst, and belongs to the technical field of landslide simulation devices. The test system for simulating landslide and dam burst comprises a channel simulation mechanism, a rainfall simulation mechanism, an upstream incoming flow simulation mechanism and a data acquisition mechanism, wherein the channel simulation mechanism is provided with a flow guide structure, and is used for simulating the flow of a scoured material in a landslide and barrier dam burst process; the rainfall simulation mechanism can simulate the rainfall process; the upstream incoming flow simulation mechanism is arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism, and the breakout process of the barrier dam is simulated through the upstream incoming flow simulation mechanism; a part of the structure of the data acquisition mechanism is installed on the channel simulation mechanism, and corresponding data are acquired through the data acquisition mechanism. The test system for simulating landslide and dam burst provided by the invention is mainly used for simulating landslide and dam burst processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of landslide simulation devices, and in particular to a test system for simulating landslide and dam breach. Background Art

[0002] Landslide is a geological phenomenon in which the rock and soil on the slope slides along the through shear failure surface, usually triggered by rainfall. The rock and soil formed by the landslide blocks the channel and forms a barrier dam. With the continuous injection of upstream flow, the water level in front of the dam continues to rise. When the water level rises to the top of the dam, the dam overflows and collapses. The huge flood caused by the collapse will strongly scour the channel, thereby inducing the formation of debris flow, which will produce a huge impact force and cause huge losses to the safety of life and property of the people downstream, transportation facilities, houses, etc., and even change the terrain conditions. Therefore, exploring the formation process of the whole process disaster chain of "landslide blocking the river-dam collapse-debris flow" is of great significance to the formulation and implementation of emergency plans and disaster prevention.

[0003] However, the comprehensive test device used in the prior art to simulate landslide formation and dam breach can only simulate a certain stage, but cannot simulate multiple processes at the same time; and cannot calculate key data in the process of landslide formation and dam breach. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a test system for simulating landslide and dam breach, which can simultaneously simulate the formation of landslide and the breach of dam; and can calculate key data in the process of landslide formation and dam breach.

[0005] The present application provides a test system for simulating landslides and dam breaches, comprising: a channel simulation mechanism, a rainfall simulation mechanism, an upstream flow simulation mechanism and a data acquisition mechanism; wherein the channel simulation mechanism is provided with a diversion structure for simulating the flow of washed materials during landslides and dam breaches; the rainfall simulation mechanism is capable of simulating a rainfall process, and the rainfall simulation mechanism is arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism; the upstream flow simulation mechanism is arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism, and the dam breach process is simulated by the upstream flow simulation mechanism; part of the structure of the data acquisition mechanism is installed on the channel simulation mechanism, and when the channel simulation mechanism simulates a landslide process and / or the upstream flow simulation mechanism simulates a dam breach process, the corresponding data is collected by the data acquisition mechanism.

[0006] The present application provides a test system for simulating landslide and dam breach. Since a channel simulation mechanism and a rainfall simulation mechanism are provided, the rainfall simulation mechanism simulates the rainfall environment, and the landslide environment is simulated in cooperation with the channel simulation mechanism; since an upstream flow simulation mechanism is provided, the upstream flow simulation mechanism can simulate the dam breach process; in this way, the channel simulation mechanism can be used to simulate landslides alone, and the upstream flow simulation mechanism can be used to simulate dam breaches alone, and the landslide and dam breach processes can be simulated at the same time. In addition, the key data in the corresponding simulation process can be collected and calculated by the data collection mechanism to improve work efficiency.

[0007] In one possible implementation of the present application, the channel simulation mechanism includes a support frame and a bracket; the support frame and the bracket are respectively provided with a matching first connecting structure and a second connecting structure, and the bracket is connected to the support frame through the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure to adjust the position of the bracket relative to the support frame.

[0008] In one possible implementation of the present application, the bracket is provided with a slide groove, and a blocking member and an adjusting member are provided at a position on the bracket corresponding to the slide groove. The adjusting member is connected to the blocking member, and the angle of the blocking member relative to the slide groove is adjusted by the adjusting member.

[0009] In one possible implementation of the present application, the rainfall simulation mechanism includes a first water tank, the first water tank is provided with a first water pump, the first water pump is connected to a main water inlet pipe, and the main water inlet pipe is installed with a first water inlet valve; the bracket is provided with a nozzle, the nozzle is connected to a branch water inlet pipe, the branch water inlet pipe is connected to the main water inlet pipe, and the first water inlet valve is arranged between the main water inlet pipe and the branch water inlet pipe.

[0010] In one possible implementation of the present application, the upstream flow simulation mechanism includes a second water tank, the second water tank is connected to the bracket, the first water tank is connected to a water supply pipe, the first water tank is provided with a second water pump, the second water pump is connected to the water supply pipe, and the water supply pipe is installed with a second water inlet valve and an electromagnetic flowmeter; the solution in the first water tank can flow into the chute through the second water tank.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the present application, the data acquisition mechanism includes a pore water pressure sensor, a water content sensor and a soil pressure sensor; when performing landslide simulation and / or dam breach simulation, the pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor and the soil pressure sensor are set at corresponding positions on the slide; the data acquisition mechanism also includes a display component, and the pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor and the soil pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the display component.

[0012] In a possible implementation of the present application, a rain gauge is provided at a corresponding position of the bracket, and the rain gauge is electrically connected to a data acquisition device.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the present application, the test system for simulating landslide and dam breach also includes a camera, which is set at a position corresponding to the chute, and the camera is used to record the experimental process of landslide simulation and dam breach simulation.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the present application, a mud level meter sensor is provided at one end of the chute away from the first water tank along the length direction of the chute.

[0015] In one possible implementation of the present application, the first water tank is connected to a return pipe, and the end of the return pipe away from the first water tank is connected to a tailings pool, which is arranged at a position corresponding to the outlet end of the chute; the return pipe is installed with a third water pump to transport the liquid in the tailings pool to the first water tank.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0017] (1) The present application can simulate the formation process of landslides and explore the threshold conditions for the occurrence of landslides by setting a bracket, a chute, a nozzle, a first water tank, a first water pump, a main water inlet pipe, a branch water inlet pipe, etc.

[0018] (2) This application can simulate the breach process of a barrier dam by setting up a water supply pipe, a second water pump, a second water tank, etc., and can analyze the changes in the longitudinal evolution rate of the dam body and the breach development rate, thereby obtaining the changes in the pore water pressure, water content, and soil pressure inside the dam body during the breach process, thereby reflecting relevant information inside the dam body.

[0019] (3) By installing a pore water pressure sensor at the foot of the upstream slope, the present application can accurately measure the change in the upstream reservoir water level during the breach process, thereby accurately measuring the change in the breach flow.

[0020] (4) The present application can adjust the slope of the chute through the first pulley, adjust the angle of the baffle through the second pulley, and accurately calibrate the numerical value of the upstream flow through the electromagnetic flowmeter, thereby simulating more realistic field conditions and improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0021] (5) Since the simulated peak flow velocity in the chute is usually large, it is difficult to accurately measure the peak flow velocity using the previous float. By setting two mud level sensors at the end of the chute, the peak flow velocity can be more accurately measured by the time difference between the peak values ​​of the two mud level sensors and the distance between the mud level sensors.

[0022] (6) The present application is provided with a tailings pool, a return pipe and a third water pump. The water left by the chute is collected through the tailings pool, and the water in the tailings pool is transported to the first water tank through the third water pump, thereby realizing the recycling of water resources and saving energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A front view of a test system for simulating landslide and dam breach of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Top view of the .

[0027] Icons: 1-channel simulation mechanism; 11-bracket; 12-support frame; 13-chute; 14-blocking member; 15-first pulley; 2-rainfall simulation mechanism; 21-first water tank; 22-first water pump; 23-main water inlet pipe; 24-first water inlet valve; 25-branch water inlet pipe; 26-nozzle; 3-upstream flow simulation mechanism; 31-second water tank; 32-water supply pipe; 33-second water pump; 34-second water inlet valve; 35-electromagnetic flowmeter; 4-data acquisition mechanism; 5-rain gauge; 6-camera; 7-mud level meter sensor; 81-tailings tank; 82-return pipe; 83-third water pump; 84-filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in the specification of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0030] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly in contact with the second feature, or the first feature and the second feature are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the specification of the present invention have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used in the specification of the present invention includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0033] The present application embodiment provides a test system for simulating landslide and dam failure, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The front view of the test system for simulating landslide and dam failure is shown. Figure 2 Shows Figure 1 Side view of Figure 3 Shows Figure 1 The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach includes: a channel simulation mechanism 1, a rainfall simulation mechanism 2, an upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 and a data acquisition mechanism 4; wherein the channel simulation mechanism 1 is provided with a diversion structure for simulating the flow of washed materials during landslide and dam breach; the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 can simulate the rainfall process, and the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 is arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism 1; the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 is arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism 1, and the dam breach process is simulated by the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3; part of the structure of the data acquisition mechanism 4 is installed on the channel simulation mechanism 1, and when the channel simulation mechanism 1 simulates the landslide process and / or the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 simulates the dam breach process, the corresponding data is collected by the data acquisition mechanism 4.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, the channel simulation mechanism 1 may include a diversion structure, which simulates the erosion of rainwater on mountain materials during rainfall.

[0035] Exemplarily, the diversion structure may be a structure with a guiding function such as a diversion trough, which is used to simulate a ditch in a natural environment.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present application, the rainfall process is simulated by the rainfall simulation mechanism 2, and the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 can be set at a position corresponding to the diversion structure.

[0037] Exemplarily, the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 may include a spraying structure, etc., to simulate the rainfall process by spraying liquid.

[0038] As another example, the structure for spraying in the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 can be arranged above the guide groove, and taking the guide groove as an inclined groove as an example, it can be arranged at the high point of the inclined groove.

[0039] As another example, the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 may be arranged on one side of the high point of the chute, and the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 may include a water storage structure for simulating a process in which the water level at one end of the dam rises and causes the dam to burst.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present application, when simulating a landslide and / or a dam breach process, the data acquisition mechanism 4 may be installed at a corresponding position on the diversion trough.

[0041] Exemplarily, the data collection mechanism 4 may include a variety of different sensors, and the sensors are used to collect different data during the landslide and / or dam breach process.

[0042] In the above embodiment, since the channel simulation mechanism 1 and the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 are provided, the rainfall environment is simulated by the rainfall simulation mechanism 2, and at the same time, the landslide environment is simulated in cooperation with the channel simulation mechanism 1; since the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 is provided, the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 can simulate the dam breach process; in this way, the channel simulation mechanism 1 can simulate the landslide alone, and the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 can simulate the dam breach alone, and the landslide and dam breach processes can be simulated at the same time. And the key data in the corresponding simulation process can be collected and calculated by the data collection mechanism 4 to improve work efficiency.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the channel simulation mechanism 1 includes a support frame 12 and a bracket 11; the support frame 12 and the bracket 11 are respectively provided with matching first connecting structures and second connecting structures, and the bracket 11 is connected to the support frame 12 through the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure to adjust the position of the bracket 11 relative to the support frame 12.

[0044] Exemplarily, the channel simulation mechanism 1 can be configured as a structure including a support frame 12 and a support frame 11; wherein the support frame 11 can be configured as an integral frame, and the frame can be provided with a slide groove 13. Two support frames 12 can be configured, wherein one support frame 12 is provided at one end of the slide groove 13, and the other support frame 12 is provided at the other end of the slide groove 13, that is, the two support frames 12 are provided at both ends of the slide groove 13, so as to support the support frame 11.

[0045] For ease of understanding, the two ends of the chute 13 can be divided into an inlet end and an outlet end, so as to simulate the flow direction of rainwater when it rains in a natural mountain environment.

[0046] As another example, an iron chain can be installed on the top of the entrance end of the slide 13 on the bracket 11, and the iron chain is not marked in the figure. A first pulley 15 is set on the support frame 12 at a position corresponding to the entrance end of the slide 13; the bracket 11 is connected to the first pulley 15 through the iron chain, so that the angle of the bracket 11 relative to the ground is adjusted by the first pulley 15, and then the slope of the slide 13 is adjusted to simulate mountain environments with different slopes.

[0047] Furthermore, an auxiliary structure may be provided on the bracket 11 at the position of the exit end of the chute 13, or an auxiliary structure may be provided on the support frame 12 corresponding to the exit end of the chute 13. The auxiliary structure cooperates with the first pulley 15 to adjust the slope of the chute 13 and supports the bracket 11. For example, the auxiliary structure may be a telescopic rod or other structure having a supporting function and not affecting the normal operation of the first pulley 15.

[0048] As another example, the bracket 11 may be set to be adjustable, for example, the height of the bracket 11 may be adjusted by a structure such as a lifting rod, so as to facilitate use by staff.

[0049] In the above embodiment, since the bracket 11 and the slide groove 13 are provided, the slide groove 13 can simulate the channel in the natural environment; since the support frame 12 is provided, the support frame 12 provides support for the bracket 11, and the structure on the support frame 12 can adjust the position of the bracket 11, thereby adjusting the angle of the slide groove 13 relative to the ground, which can simulate channels with different slopes and expand the scope of application of the test system.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a blocking member 14 and an adjusting member are provided at a position on the bracket 11 corresponding to the slide slot 13 . The adjusting member is connected to the blocking member 14 , and the angle of the blocking member 14 relative to the slide slot 13 is adjusted by the adjusting member.

[0051] For example, along the width direction of the chute 13, blocking members 14 may be provided at both ends of the chute 13. For example, the blocking members 14 may be baffles. The baffles are provided to simulate the concave and convex environment on both sides of the channel in the natural environment, thereby improving the accuracy of the test structure.

[0052] In another example, an adjusting member is provided at a position corresponding to the blocking member 14 on the bracket 11, and the adjusting member is not marked in the figure. For example, the blocking member 14 is a baffle, and the adjusting member can be a second pulley. The second pulley is connected to the baffle, and the angle between the baffle and the slide groove 13 is adjusted by the second pulley to simulate different environments.

[0053] The baffle can be made of transparent tempered glass or other materials to facilitate observation by staff and recording of the test process.

[0054] In the above embodiment, since the blocking member 14 is provided, the environment on both sides of the channel in the natural environment can be simulated by the setting of the blocking member 14, thereby improving the accuracy of the test system results; since the adjusting member is provided, the angle of the blocking member 14 can be adjusted by the setting of the adjusting member, thereby expanding the simulation range of the test system.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 includes a first water tank 21, the first water tank 21 is provided with a first water pump 22, the first water pump 22 is connected to a main water inlet pipe 23, and the main water inlet pipe 23 is installed with a first water inlet valve 24; the bracket 11 is provided with a nozzle 26, the nozzle 26 is connected to a branch water inlet pipe 25, the branch water inlet pipe 25 is connected to the main water inlet pipe 23, and the first water inlet valve 24 is arranged between the main water inlet pipe 23 and the branch water inlet pipe 25.

[0056] Exemplarily, the rainfall simulation mechanism 2 may be configured to have a structure including a first water tank 21 . The first water tank 21 may be disposed at one side of the water inlet end of the water tank. The first water tank 21 contains water or other solutions required by the test system.

[0057] In another example, a first water pump 22 is installed in the first water tank 21, the first water pump 22 is connected to a main water inlet pipe 23, the main water inlet pipe 23 is connected to a branch water inlet pipe 25, and the branch water inlet pipe 25 is connected to a nozzle 26, through which the solution in the first water tank 21 is sprayed into the chute 13. The nozzle 26 can be arranged above the chute 13, and the number and arrangement of the nozzles 26 are not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application, and are arranged according to actual conditions.

[0058] Among them, a first water inlet valve 24 can be installed between the main water inlet pipe 23 and the branch water inlet pipe 25. The first water inlet valve 24 can adjust the amount of water entering the branch water inlet pipe 25 from the first water tank 21, thereby changing the intensity of spraying the solution by the nozzle 26 to simulate different rainfall intensities.

[0059] In the above embodiment, since the first water tank 21, the first water pump 22, the main water inlet pipe 23, the branch water inlet pipe 25 and the nozzle 26 are provided, the solution is sprayed by the nozzle 26 to simulate the rainfall environment; since the first water inlet valve 24 is provided, the first water inlet valve 24 can simulate rainfall of different intensities, which is flexible and convenient.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 includes a second water tank 31, the second water tank 31 is connected to the bracket 11, the first water tank 21 is connected to a water supply pipe 32, the first water tank 21 is provided with a second water pump 33, the second water pump 33 is connected to the water supply pipe 32, and the water supply pipe 32 is installed with a second water inlet valve 34 and an electromagnetic flowmeter 35; the solution in the first water tank 21 can flow into the chute 13 through the second water tank 31.

[0061] Exemplarily, the upstream flow simulation mechanism 3 may include a second water tank 31 , which may be mounted on the bracket 11 , and the second water tank 31 is disposed at the inlet end of the chute 13 .

[0062] Among them, an opening or a connecting pipe may be provided on one side of the second water tank 31 close to the chute 13 so as to allow the solution in the second water tank 31 to flow into the chute 13 .

[0063] In another example, a water supply pipe 32 is connected to the first water tank 21 , a second water pump 33 is installed in the first water tank 21 , the second water pump 33 is connected to the water supply pipe 32 , and the solution in the first water tank 21 is transported to the second water tank 31 through the second water pump 33 and the water supply pipe 32 .

[0064] In addition, a second water inlet valve 34 and an electromagnetic flowmeter 35 are installed on the water inlet pipe. The count of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 can be changed by the second water inlet valve 34, so as to accurately control the flow rate out of the second water tank 31.

[0065] In another example, a rain gauge 5 may be provided on the bracket 11 at a position corresponding to the chute 13, and the amount of rainfall may be measured by the rain gauge 5. The rain gauge 5 is also connected to a data collector via a data line, and may also be connected to a part capable of displaying rainfall data or other data.

[0066] In the above embodiment, since the second water tank 31, the water supply pipe 32 and the second water pump 33 are provided, the solution in the first water tank 21 can be transported to the second water tank 31; since the second water inlet valve 34 and the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 are provided, the count of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 can be adjusted by the second water inlet valve 34, thereby adjusting the flow rate of the second water tank 31, simulating the breach of the dam under different circumstances, improving the accuracy of the test system and expanding the scope of application of the test system.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 3 As shown, the data acquisition mechanism 4 includes a pore water pressure sensor, a water content sensor and an earth pressure sensor; when performing landslide simulation and / or dam breach simulation, the pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor and the earth pressure sensor are arranged at corresponding positions on the chute 13; and also includes a display component, and the pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor and the earth pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the display component.

[0068] Exemplarily, the data acquisition mechanism 4 may include a pore water pressure sensor, a water content sensor, and an earth pressure sensor. Among them, the pore water pressure sensor is also called a piezometer, which is a sensor used to measure the pore water pressure or osmotic pressure inside the structure; the water content sensor is a sensor used to measure the water content in a substance; the earth pressure sensor can be used to obtain the contact stress between the structure and the soil medium and the original stress state of the soil layer, so as to judge the working state of the structure.

[0069] As another example, when investigating the process and initiation conditions of landslide formation, pore water pressure sensors, water content sensors and soil pressure sensors may be buried at corresponding positions on the chute 13; or, when investigating the breach process of a landslide dam, pore water pressure sensors, water content sensors and soil pressure sensors may be buried at corresponding positions on the chute 13.

[0070] In another example, a display unit may be provided on the ground or at other locations. The display unit may be a computer or other parts with data collection and display functions. The pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor, and the earth pressure sensor may be electrically connected to the display unit through a data line, and the data of the corresponding sensors may be recorded and displayed through the display unit, so as to facilitate observation and calculation by the staff.

[0071] In the above embodiment, since a pore water pressure sensor, a water content sensor and an earth pressure sensor are provided, the specific value of each sensor during a landslide and / or a dam breach can be detected, thereby obtaining the threshold conditions of the pore water pressure, water content and earth pressure, or being able to observe how the pore water pressure, water content and earth pressure change.

[0072] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the test system for simulating landslide and dam breach also includes a camera 6, which is arranged at a position corresponding to the chute 13, and the camera 6 is used to record the experimental process of landslide simulation and dam breach simulation.

[0073] Exemplarily, the number of cameras 6 can be two or three, along the width direction of the chute 13, wherein two cameras 6 are disposed on both sides of the chute 13, and another camera 6 is disposed at the exit end of the chute 13.

[0074] It should be explained that in the embodiment of the present application, there is no specific restriction on the number of cameras 6 and the distribution positions between the cameras 6, and they are set according to actual conditions.

[0075] As another example, along the length direction of the chute 13 , a mud level meter sensor 7 is provided at one end of the chute 13 away from the first water tank 21 , that is, a mud level meter sensor 7 is provided at the outlet end of the chute 13 .

[0076] The mud level sensor 7 is mainly used to monitor the mud water level in the chute 13, so that the staff can observe the test process in time.

[0077] In the above embodiment, since the camera 6 is provided, the test process in the lateral and forward directions can be recorded by the provided camera 6, which is convenient for staff to observe.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present application, Figure 1 As shown, the first water tank 21 is connected to a return pipe 82, and one end of the return pipe 82 away from the first water tank 21 is connected to a tailings pool 81, which is arranged at a position corresponding to the outlet end of the chute 13; the return pipe 82 is installed with a third water pump 83 to transport the liquid in the tailings pool 81 to the first water tank 21.

[0079] Exemplarily, a tailing pool 81 may be provided at one end of the chute 13 away from the first water tank 21, and the liquid flowing down through the chute 13 may enter the tailing pool 81. A return pipe 82 is provided between the first water tank 21 and the tailing pool 81, and one end of the return pipe 82 is connected to the first water tank 21, and the other end is connected to the tailing pool 81.

[0080] The tailings pool 81 may be a collection box or other parts with a collection function, and universal wheels may be installed at the bottom of the collection box to facilitate the movement of the collection box.

[0081] As another example, a third water pump 83 is installed in the water return pipe 82 so that the liquid in the tailings pool 81 can flow back to the first water tank 21, thereby realizing the recycling of water resources.

[0082] As another example, a filter screen 84 may be installed in the water return pipe 82 , and impurities entering the first water tank 21 from the tailings pool 81 may be filtered out through the filter screen 84 . The filter screen 84 may be cleaned regularly to reduce the probability of blockage of the water return pipe 82 .

[0083] In the above embodiment, since a tailings pool 81 is provided, the material flowing down the chute 13 can be collected through the tailings pool 81; since a return pipe 82 is provided, the liquid in the tailings pool 81 can be returned to the first water tank 21 for reuse through the return pipe 82, thereby saving water resources.

[0084] The following is an explanation of the use of a test system for simulating landslide and dam breach provided by the present application. When in use:

[0085] Explore the formation process and initiation conditions of landslides:

[0086] S110: Based on field investigations, staff can obtain the slope of the ditch, local rainfall intensity, and the original gradation of the material.

[0087] S120: The first pulley 15 is adjusted to adjust the slope of the chute 13 to an actual value, so that the slope of the chute 13 corresponds to the slope angle obtained by field investigation, and the reading of the rain gauge 5 is adjusted to the actual value.

[0088] S130: The raw materials are piled up in the chute 13. The raw materials can be proportioned according to the local materials obtained from the field investigation and laid in layers with each layer spaced 10 cm apart. Three pore water pressure sensors, three water content sensors and three soil pressure sensors can be buried at equal distances in the same layer.

[0089] S140: Place a camera 6 directly above, in front of, and to the side of the accumulation body. The front may be the end of the chute 13 away from the first water tank 21, and record the experimental phenomenon through the camera 6. After the camera 6 is placed, start the first water pump 22. The first water pump 22 transports the liquid in the first water tank 21 to the nozzle 26 through the main water inlet pipe 23 and the branch water inlet pipe 25, and sprays it on the chute 13 through the nozzle 26 to simulate the rainfall environment. Start the data acquisition instrument and display unit to record the data changes of the pore water pressure sensor, water content sensor, and soil pressure sensor during the test, and record the time when the landslide occurs.

[0090] S150: After the test is completed, the sensor data is exported and the specific values ​​of each sensor when the landslide occurs are recorded, so as to obtain the threshold conditions of pore water pressure, water content and soil pressure when the landslide occurs.

[0091] Study on the collapse process of the barrier dam:

[0092] S210: The slope of the chute 13 is adjusted to the design value by the first pulley 15, and the position of the baffle is adjusted by the second pulley to adjust the slopes on both sides of the chute 13, and the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 is adjusted to the design value by adjusting the second water inlet valve 34.

[0093] S220: Build the dam body and use the dam body to simulate the actual situation of the barrier dam. In the process of building the dam body, pore water pressure sensors, water content sensors, and soil pressure sensors are buried in the dam body according to the layered laying method. The buried structure can be set to a 10cm interval per layer, and 3 pore water pressure sensors, water content sensors, and soil pressure sensors are buried in each layer at equal intervals, and a pore water pressure sensor can be installed at the foot of the water-facing slope. 1cm×1cm grid lines can be engraved on the side wall of the chute 13, and a ruler can be placed just above the chute 13 near the top of the dam for easy measurement.

[0094] S230: Place a camera 6 directly in front of the dam body, that is, on the side of the chute 13 away from the first water tank 21; directly above and to the side of the dam body to record the complete process of the dam breach.

[0095] S240: Turn on the switch of the second water pump 33. The second water pump 33, under the action of the water delivery pipe 32, delivers the solution in the first water tank 21 to the second water tank 31. The solution in the second water tank 31 flows and accumulates near the dam body, thereby simulating the preconditions for the collapse of the barrier dam. Turn on the switches of the camera 6 and the data acquisition instrument to conduct the barrier dam collapse test.

[0096] S250: After the experiment, turn off all instruments and equipment, export video files and sensor data, observe and analyze the dam breach process, and how the pore water pressure, water content, and soil pressure change during the breach process.

[0097] S260: By observing the test process recorded by the side camera 6, the longitudinal evolution process of the dam body during the breach process can be analyzed, and the evolution speed of the dam body can be known in combination with the scale line. By observing the video directly in front and directly above and combining with the scale, the process of breach widening and the lateral erosion rate can be analyzed.

[0098] Through the dam breach process, the flood flow and peak flow velocity in practical applications are explored:

[0099] S310: Calculation of burst flow:

[0100] When the water in the second water tank 31 flows out, it will cause the water to overflow, so that the dam body will gradually break. The reservoir water level will continue to change. The breakout flow can be calculated according to the following method:

[0101] The reservoir capacity of the barrier lake at time t V(t) is:

[0102]

[0103] The reservoir capacity of the barrier lake at time t+Δt is V(t+Δt):

[0104] According to the water balance, the burst flow Q(t) at time t can be obtained as:

[0105]

[0106] In the above formula, h(t) is the water level of the barrier lake at time t; θ is the slope of the ditch bed; β is the slope of the upstream slope; B is the width of the chute 13; Q in is the upstream flow, Δt=1s;

[0107] According to ρgh(t)=P(t), we can get

[0108] Among them, P(t), ρ, and g are the pore water pressure, water density, and gravity acceleration at time t, respectively. The pore water pressure can be measured by the pore water pressure sensor at the foot of the upstream slope.

[0109] S320: Calculation of peak flow velocity:

[0110]

[0111] Wherein, v is the peak flow velocity; L is the distance between the two mud level gauge sensors 7; t 后 ,t 前 The time corresponding to the maximum value measured by one mud level meter sensor 7 and the other mud level meter sensor 7. One mud level meter sensor 7 and the other mud level meter sensor 7 can be arranged front and back, and the distance between the two can be 20cm, and can also be set according to actual conditions.

[0112] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0113] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A test system for simulating landslide and dam breach, characterized in that: include: A channel simulation mechanism (1), wherein the channel simulation mechanism (1) is provided with a flow diversion structure for simulating the flow of washed materials during landslide and dam breach; A rainfall simulation mechanism (2), wherein the rainfall simulation mechanism (2) is capable of simulating a rainfall process, and the rainfall simulation mechanism (2) is arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism (1); An upstream flow simulation mechanism (3), the upstream flow simulation mechanism (3) being arranged at a position corresponding to the channel simulation mechanism (1), and simulating a dam breaching process through the upstream flow simulation mechanism (3); A data collection mechanism (4), wherein part of the structure of the data collection mechanism (4) is installed on the channel simulation mechanism (1), and when the channel simulation mechanism (1) simulates a landslide process and / or the upstream flow simulation mechanism (3) simulates a dam breach process, the corresponding data is collected by the data collection mechanism (4).

2. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channel simulation mechanism (1) comprises a support frame (12) and a bracket (11); the support frame (12) and the bracket (11) are respectively provided with a matching first connection structure and a second connection structure, and the bracket (11) is connected to the support frame (12) via the first connection structure and the second connection structure to adjust the position of the bracket (11) relative to the support frame (12).

3. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket (11) is provided with a slide groove (13), and a blocking member (14) and an adjusting member are provided at a position on the bracket (11) corresponding to the slide groove (13); the adjusting member is connected to the blocking member (14), and the angle of the blocking member (14) relative to the slide groove (13) is adjusted by the adjusting member.

4. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rainfall simulation mechanism (2) comprises a first water tank (21), the first water tank (21) is provided with a first water pump (22), the first water pump (22) is connected to a main water inlet pipe (23), and the main water inlet pipe (23) is installed with a first water inlet valve (24); the bracket (11) is provided with a nozzle (26), the nozzle (26) is connected to a branch water inlet pipe (25), the branch water inlet pipe (25) is connected to the main water inlet pipe (23), and the first water inlet valve (24) is arranged between the main water inlet pipe (23) and the branch water inlet pipe (25).

5. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upstream flow simulation mechanism (3) comprises a second water tank (31), the second water tank (31) is connected to the bracket (11), the first water tank (21) is connected to a water supply pipe (32), the first water tank (21) is provided with a second water pump (33), the second water pump (33) is connected to the water supply pipe (32), and the water supply pipe (32) is installed with a second water inlet valve (34) and an electromagnetic flowmeter (35); the solution in the first water tank (21) can flow into the chute (13) through the second water tank (31).

6. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data acquisition mechanism (4) includes a pore water pressure sensor, a water content sensor and an earth pressure sensor; When performing landslide simulation and / or dam breach simulation, the pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor, and the soil pressure sensor are arranged at corresponding positions on the chute (13); It also includes a display component, and the pore water pressure sensor, the water content sensor, and the soil pressure sensor are all electrically connected to the display component.

7. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rain gauge (5) is arranged at a position corresponding to the bracket (11), and the rain gauge (5) is electrically connected to a data acquisition instrument.

8. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also comprises a camera (6), which is arranged at a position corresponding to the chute (13), and the camera (6) is used to record the experimental process of landslide simulation and dam breach simulation.

9. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: Along the length direction of the chute (13), a mud level meter sensor (7) is provided at one end of the chute (13) away from the first water tank (21).

10. The test system for simulating landslide and dam breach according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first water tank (21) is connected to a return pipe (82), and one end of the return pipe (82) away from the first water tank (21) is connected to a tailings pool (81), and the tailings pool (81) is arranged at a position corresponding to the outlet end of the chute (13); the return pipe (82) is installed with a third water pump (83) to transport the liquid in the tailings pool (81) to the first water tank (21).

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