Photovoltaic module with cell string layout with anti-shielding capability
By connecting multiple substrings in parallel and introducing alternate polarity connections, the solar module layout of solar cell modules in the prior art is solved, and the resistance of solar cell modules in part is achieved is achieved higher shading resistance and lower losses .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202380049120.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-05-10
- Filing Date
- 2023-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing solar cell modules are insufficient in partial shielding, which can easily lead to reverse bias of voltage and damage to solar cells and modules.
A new solar module layout is adopted, multiple substrings are connected in parallel, each substring consisting of 20-24 solar cells, and alternate polarity connections are introduced between the substrings, using electronic control units such as power optimizers or micro-inverters The converter controls the substring voltage.
It improves the resistance of solar modules in partial shade, reduces voltage reverse bias, extends the service life of solar cells and modules, and reduces assembly complexity and losses.
Smart Images
Figure CN119498032A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the interconnection of solar cells in a photovoltaic module (also called a solar panel) with the aim of improving the resistance of the solar panel to partial shading, thereby obtaining a photovoltaic module with a shading-resistant cell string layout. Background Art
[0002] According to the existing technology, Figure 1 As shown, solar cells 101 are interconnected to the solar module areas of the solar module 100. The solar cells 101 are interconnected by bonding wires that connect the front side of one solar cell 101 to the back side of the next solar cell 101. Thus, the solar cells 101 are connected in series.
[0003] Typically, all solar cells 101 of a PV module are interconnected in series. A typical commercial solar module 100 is typically composed of 60 or 72 solar cells 101. The layout is typically 6×10 or 6×12 solar cells 101, i.e., the solar cells are arranged in an array of 6 columns and 10 to 12 rows. Such an array may be included in a solar module area 110 of a solar module 100. A solar module 100 may include a plurality of solar module areas 110, in particular a plurality of identical solar module areas 110. The individual solar module areas 110 may be electrically connected, but they may also form separate circuits, respectively. In the case of electrical connections between different solar module areas 110 of a solar module 100, they may be connected in series or in parallel. The short-circuit current of each solar cell 101 is approximately 10A, and the open-circuit voltage is approximately 0.7V. The entire solar module 100 has the same current, i.e., the sum of the voltages of the individual solar cells is approximately 42V.
[0004] according to Figure 1 , the solar cells 101 are usually grouped into three so-called strings 102, each string 102 having 2×10 or 2×12 cells, including a pair of substrings 104 connected in series. Each substring 104 is connected to a bypass diode 103 in an anti-parallel manner. When a substring 104 is shaded, the bypass diode 103 is activated and bypasses the shaded substring 104, thereby avoiding affecting the performance of the remaining solar cells 101 connected in series with it.
[0005] FIG. 2 shows a solar module 100 with a so-called half-cell solar cell 201, as is known from EP 3 799 245 A1. The solar cells are cut in half to reduce the current they produce. In this way, Figure 1 Compared with a layout using complete solar cells 101, the losses in the solar module 100 can be significantly reduced. This method has become the mainstream of the prior art in recent years.
[0006] When half-cell solar cells 201 are used, the layout of the module becomes 6×20 or 6×24 solar cells. However, this layout will cause the shaded solar cells to generate a large reverse bias voltage in the case of partial shading, which may cause the solar cells 101, 201 to overheat and may damage the solar cells 101, 201 and the solar module 100. Typical solar cells 101, 201 cannot withstand a reverse bias voltage greater than -12 or -13V, so the number of solar cells 101, 201 in each substring 104 is limited to 20-24 solar cells 101, 201. According to Figure 1 In the layout, each substring 104 will include 40-48 solar cells 101, 201.
[0007] 2, the solar module 100 is divided into upper and lower solar module regions 110 connected in parallel. With this layout, the number of solar cells 101, 201 in each substring 104 is again limited to only 10 or 12. In the following, this layout will be referred to as the "standard layout".
[0008] An additional advantage of the standard layout is that the power output is much better in partial shading conditions. Depending on the shading conditions, the layout in Figure 2 can provide significantly more than Figure 1 Energy of the layout (normalized to solar module power).
[0009] However, the disadvantage is that the assembly workload is significantly increased, and the junction box for connecting the solar module cables is located in a central position and must be divided into three separate junction boxes, each of which contains a bypass diode 103. In addition, the solar module length increases by 1-2 cm, which reduces the solar module efficiency by about 1-2%, which is defined by the solar module power divided by the solar module area.
[0010] WO 2021098895A1 discloses a module layout with 20 long substrings of solar cells. The reverse bias voltage of the solar cell is controlled at a non-critical level by an input unit of a microinverter or a power optimizer. WO2021098895A1 uses three independent substrings, each of which is controlled individually.
[0011] A more cost-effective approach is to connect the three substrings in the solar module in parallel, as shown in FIG3 . This layout is referred to as “Layout 1” in the present invention. In a parallel connection, it does not matter if one of the substrings 104 is shaded, because current can still flow through the other two substrings 104. Since the substring voltage is logarithmically related to the current, the substring voltage does not change significantly in the case of partial shading. In particular, WO2022057944 A1 and US2017170336 A1 disclose that substring pairs are arranged in parallel, wherein the polarity of adjacent substrings alternates between positive and negative.
[0012] The solar module layout is very simple. Only two rows of cross connectors 301 are required. The module length is minimized, thereby maximizing the module efficiency. Only one junction box is required for two terminals.
[0013] The length of the substring is increased to 20-24 solar cells 101, 201. This is not possible with ordinary bypass diodes. Therefore, an electronic control unit, such as a power optimizer or a micro inverter with control function, can be used to control the substring voltage, as described in WO 2021098895A1. The electrical input characteristics of the control unit are adjusted to be able to handle the increased current. Summary of the invention
[0014] The object of the present invention is to provide a solar module layout that is highly resistant to partial shading, while not requiring a split layout that divides the module into two upper and lower parts as shown in Figure 2. The assembly workload is not increased.
[0015] The present invention discloses a solar module region of a solar module, the solar module region comprising an array consisting of a plurality of rows and columns of solar cells, the solar cells being arranged into substring pairs along the column direction of the array, wherein:
[0016] - each substring comprises a plurality of solar cells electrically connected in series along the direction of the column in which the substring extends,
[0017] - each substring pair comprises two substrings extending along a column, in particular adjacent columns, the two substrings being electrically connected in series, and wherein all substring pairs are electrically connected in parallel,
[0018] - each substring pair comprises a positive terminal and a negative terminal for connecting the substring pair to the positive and negative poles of the solar module, wherein the positive terminal and the negative terminal of each substring pair are adjacent to each other in the area of the solar module, in particular in the terminal connection part of the solar module, so that the terminals of the substring pairs form a terminal sequence with a polarity sequence along the column,
[0019] The polarity sequence of the terminals includes at least two changes in the polarity of adjacent terminals, and is characterized in that the polarity sequence of the terminals (105) includes the following polarity sequence: positive, negative, negative, positive, positive, negative, or the reverse order.
[0020] This specific circuit and substring arrangement is beneficial to improving the yield of the solar module area when the actual solar module area is partially shaded.
[0021] In particular, the solar module region comprises a solar cell array arranged in at least two substring pairs, in particular three substring pairs.
[0022] In particular, each substring pair comprises two substrings extending along a column of the array.
[0023] In particular, each sub-string pair includes two sub-strings electrically connected in series within the sub-string pair.
[0024] The term "solar module area" refers in particular to a part of a solar module, in particular a rectangular area containing components of the solar module area. Thus, a solar module can contain only one, two or more solar module areas, wherein the solar module areas can have the same layout and / or components.
[0025] The solar cell may be a silicon-based solar cell.
[0026] In particular, the terminal connection of the solar module area is arranged at a first end of the column. The first end can be arranged at the upper end or the lower end of the solar module area or the column of solar modules.
[0027] According to another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the polarity sequence of the terminals includes the following polarity sequence: positive, negative, positive, negative, positive, negative, or the reverse order thereof. Thus, the polarity sequence of the terminals may include, for example, five polarity changes.
[0028] In another embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the substrings in each substring pair are electrically interconnected in an interconnection portion of the array opposite to the terminal connection portion. In particular, the interconnection portion of the array is arranged at the second end of the column.
[0029] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, some or all of the substring pairs are interconnected in an interconnecting portion of the array to form a circuit in which some or all of the substrings with positive terminals are connected in parallel and are connected in series to some or all of the substrings with negative terminals, which are connected in parallel.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the solar cell array of the solar module area consists of exactly three substring pairs.
[0031] In another embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the solar module region includes electrical connections, such as welds, arranged and configured to connect the positive terminal to the positive pole and the negative terminal to the negative pole.
[0032] According to a further embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the solar module region comprises an insulator which is arranged and configured such that it electrically insulates an electrical connection for connecting the positive terminal to the positive pole from an electrical connection for connecting the negative terminal to the negative pole.
[0033] Preferably, an insulator is at least partially arranged between an electrical connection for connecting the positive terminal to the positive electrode and an electrical connection for connecting the negative terminal to the negative electrode to isolate and insulate the respective electrical connections from each other.
[0034] The insulator may be coated with a conductive layer on two opposing surfaces of the insulator such that the respective conductive layers become part of the respective electrical connections.
[0035] Thus, the insulator or the insulator coated with a conductive layer may be part of or comprised by a printed circuit board or the like.
[0036] In another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, each substring comprises 10 to 30 solar cells, in particular 20 to 24 solar cells.
[0037] A second aspect of the invention relates to a solar module, in particular configured to generate a rated power of at least 300 W, comprising one, two or more solar module regions according to any of the preceding claims. For example, a plurality of solar module regions of a solar module may be electrically connected in series or in parallel.
[0038] In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the solar module is connected to and / or comprises a voltage controller, which is configured to control, in particular limit, the voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole.
[0039] According to another embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the solar module is connected to and / or comprises a voltage converter, in particular a DC-DC voltage converter configured to increase the voltage between the positive and negative poles, thereby reducing the current generated by the solar module.
[0040] In a further embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the solar module is connected to and / or comprises an inverter, the inverter being configured to convert a voltage between a positive pole and a negative pole into an AC voltage, in particular wherein the inverter is a microinverter, in particular wherein the inverter comprises a voltage converter, in particular wherein the voltage provided to the inverter comes from the voltage converter.
[0041] A third aspect of the present invention relates to a photovoltaic (PV) system comprising one or more solar modules. In particular, the plurality of solar modules in the PV system may each comprise its own electronic circuit, but they may also be electrically connected in series or in parallel.
[0042] The photovoltaic system may include a voltage control system having one or more voltage controllers arranged and configured such that the voltage between the positive and negative poles of the individual solar modules can be controlled, in particular limited, by the voltage control system.
[0043] In particular, exemplary embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are attached to the claims and are accompanied by text explaining the various features of the illustrated embodiments and aspects of the invention. Each individual feature shown in the drawings and / or mentioned in the text of the drawings may (also in an independent manner) be incorporated into a claim associated with the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of a solar module consisting of solar cells, which are usually grouped into three substrings. Each substring is connected in reverse parallel with a bypass diode.
[0045] Figure 2: Schematic diagram of a solar module with half-cell solar cells.
[0046] Figure 3: Schematic diagram of a solar module with half-cell solar cells interconnected into three parallel substrings.
[0047] Figure 4: Schematic diagram of a solar module with half-cell solar cells interconnected into three parallel substrings. The substrings are arranged in an alternating pattern. Each substring is independent of the other two substrings.
[0048] Figure 5: Schematic diagram of a solar module with half-cell solar cells interconnected into three parallel substrings. The substrings are arranged in an alternating pattern with a center interconnect at the bottom of the solar module.
[0049] Figure 6 : Printed circuit board with integrated 3D function for connecting cross connectors of the same polarity to common terminals.
[0050] Figure 7 : Comparison of power output of different module layouts under different shading scenarios.
[0051] Figure 8 : Schematic diagram of a solar module comprising two identical solar module areas, wherein the solar module areas correspond to the solar module areas shown in FIG. 5 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0052] Figure 1 3 show different arrangements of solar cells 101 , 201 within a solar module region 110 or a solar module 100 and their corresponding circuits, as described above and known in the prior art.
[0053] FIG4 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a solar module 100 comprising a solar module region 110 according to the invention. The solar module region 110 comprises six substrings 104 arranged in adjacent columns, each substring comprising solar cells 101, 201 electrically connected in series. For example, each substring 104 may comprise 20-24 solar cells 101, 201. Each substring 104 comprises a positive or negative terminal 105, which is connected or can be connected to the positive or negative pole of the solar module 100 via an electrical connection 109, such as a solder joint. In an interconnection portion 106 of the solar module region 110 or solar module 100 arranged opposite the terminals 105, adjacent substrings 104 are interconnected via short cross connectors 401, such that the next three substring pairs 106 are arranged adjacent to each other, wherein each substring pair comprises one substring 106 connected to the positive pole of the solar module 100 and one substring 106 connected to the negative pole. In this way, the resulting circuit comprises three substring pairs connected in parallel. On top of the terminal 105 , the solar cell module 100 or solar module region 110 includes an insulator 107 arranged and configured to isolate an electrical connection 109 connecting the positive terminal and the positive pole from an electrical connection 109 connecting the negative terminal and the negative pole. Figure 6 An exemplary embodiment of an insulator is shown in FIG.
[0054] FIG5 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a solar module 100 including one solar module area 110. The substrings 104 and their positive and negative terminal arrangements are identical to the arrangement shown in FIG4. However, unlike the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG4, the substrings 104 of the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG5 are all electrically interconnected to each other via long cross-connectors 501 in the solar module area 110 or interconnection portion 106 of the solar module 100. Thus, the resulting circuit includes three substrings connected in parallel to the positive poles, which are connected in series with three substrings connected in parallel to the negative poles.
[0055] At the top of the solar module 100, opposite to the interconnection part 106, two different electrical connections 109 are required due to the different polarities of the substrings, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. In order to connect the two electrical connections 109 to the positive and negative poles respectively, while maintaining the effective area covered by the solar cells 101, 201 as much as possible, an insulator 107 is used to achieve the crossing of the electrical connection 109 connected to the negative pole with the electrical connection 109 connected to the positive pole. In order to facilitate the connection of the electrical connections 109 with the same polarity to the common electrode without causing a short circuit with the electrical connections 109 of the opposite polarity, Figure 6 The display includes an arrangement of a printed circuit board (PCB), referred to as an X-connector PCB. The PCB may be a very thin PCB, with a layer width in the micrometer or submicrometer range, or a rigid or flexible PCB. The PCB includes an insulating layer, which forms an insulator 107 between an electrical connection 109 connected to the positive pole and an electrical connection connected to the negative pole. The insulating layer may be arranged between two conductive layers 108 comprised by the PCB, so that the conductive layers 108 become part of the respective electrical connection 109, such as Figure 6 As shown. Figure 6 In the top view shown, only the conductive layer 108 is visible on the top of the PCB as part of the positive electrical connection 109, while the negative electrical connection 109 is located below the insulating layer. In order to avoid browning effects on the laminate film of the module, the copper layer in the PCB can be coated with a thin layer of gold, nickel or tin or other suitable protective coating, for example.
[0056] Figure 7 The simulated performance of solar modules with different layouts under different partial shading conditions is compared. All solar modules have 120 half-cell solar cells 201. The solar modules 100 are controlled by power optimizers or microinverters so that the other solar modules 100 in the PV system have no effect on the performance of each solar module. The standard layout is shown in Figure 2. The "Layout 1" is shown in Figure 3. The "Layout 2" is shown in Figure 4, where Figure 1 All arrangements shown up to FIG. 4 correspond to solar module regions 110 or solar modules 100 according to the prior art.
[0057] The standard topology has bypass diodes 103 that are configured to be either conducting ("with bypass") or non-conducting ("without bypass"). Other topologies do not have bypass diodes 103 to save cost and because they do not improve performance.
[0058] The analysis considers the case where one or more solar cells 101, 201 in the solar module 100 are shaded by 50% or 90% (ie, the power is reduced to 10% of a predetermined value).
[0059] Scenarios considered in the simulations include:
[0060] - 1 cell: Only 1 solar cell 201 in the solar module 100 is partially shaded
[0061] -1 column: All 20 solar cells 201 in one solar module column are shaded
[0062] - 2 columns: all 40 solar cells 201 in two adjacent columns are shaded.
[0063] - 3 columns: all 60 solar cells 201 of 3 adjacent columns are shaded.
[0064] -1 row: 1 row of solar cells 201 is shaded
[0065] - The 2 half columns in the bottom half are shaded
[0066] - The 3 half columns in the bottom half are shaded
[0067] -Different diagonals
[0068] Layout 1 performs well when a single solar cell 201 or column is shaded, as shown in Figure 4. However, once a row or diagonal of cells 201 is shaded, the standard layout performs better because it has two independent upper and lower module areas 110.
[0069] Better performance can be achieved when the arrangement direction of the substrings 104 is set to a quasi-alternating pattern as shown in Figure 4. In layout 1, the pattern of the substrings 104 is "+++---", while in layout 2, the pattern is "+--++-".
[0070] Since the shading mainly comes from the outside of the solar module 100, this approach makes the layout more robust in partial shading. Assume that the two columns on the left are shaded. Each solar cell 201 outputs a current of 5A. Then, in layout 1, the current will drop from 15A to 5A. In layout 2, the current will only drop from 15A to 10A because the first column and the second column belong to the same substring 104.
[0071] However, there are cases where Layout 1 performs better than Layout 2. This is because in Layout 2, the three substring pairs 104 are completely independent, and the current cannot be distributed to other substring pairs 104 after one substring length.
[0072] To solve this problem, layout 3 shown in Figure 5 introduces interconnection of all three substring pairs 104 in the interconnection portion 106 of the solar module 100 or solar module area 110. One long cross-connector 501 is used instead of three short cross-connectors 401 at the bottom of the module.
[0073] like Figure 7 The table in clearly shows that Layout 3 is by far the best in most shadowing situations. The standard layout outperforms the other layouts only when the entire row is shadowed.
[0074] In practice, such whole-row shading situations are very rare. Most shading situations involve objects next to solar modules 100 installed in a longitudinal orientation, such as trees, roof windows or chimneys, i.e., the shape of the shading is usually in the form of columns. On flat roofs, a common installation of solar modules 100 is to arrange the modules in rows in a horizontal layout. The solar modules 100 are tilted 10-15° so that when the sun is low, the rows of solar modules will shade each other, resulting in columnar shading on the modules.
[0075] Depending on the installation conditions, using solar modules 100 in layout 3 instead of solar modules 100 in the standard layout may significantly increase the energy production of the PV system 111 .
[0076] Another advantage of the alternating substrings 104 is that the resistive losses in the cross-connector are reduced. In layout 1, the currents of the three substrings 104 add up to 15A, so the resistive losses can be quite large. On the other hand, in layout 3, the currents of alternating polarity cancel each other. Therefore, the losses in the cross-connector are significantly reduced.
[0077] Figure 8 An exemplary embodiment of a solar module 100 is shown, comprising two solar module regions 110. In this embodiment, the solar module regions 110 are identical and correspond to the regions shown in Figure 5. Within one solar module 100, the solar module regions 110 may be connected in series or in parallel (not shown).
[0078] Reference numerals list
[0079] 100 Solar Modules
[0080] 101 Solar Cell
[0081] 102 skewers
[0082] 103 Bypass diode
[0083] 104 substring
[0084] 105 terminal
[0085] 106 Interconnection
[0086] 107 Insulator
[0087] 108 conductive layer
[0088] 109 Electrical connection
[0089] 110 Solar Module Area
[0090] 111 Photovoltaic system
[0091] 201 Half Solar Cell
[0092] 301 Cross Connector
[0093] 401 Short Cross Connector
[0094] 501 Long Cross Connector
[0095] Prior art literature
[0096] EP 3799245A
[0097] WO 2021098895A1
[0098] WO 2022057944A1
[0099] US 2017170336A1
Claims
1. A solar module region (110) of a solar module (100), the solar module region (110) comprising an array of solar cells (101, 201) arranged in substring pairs (104) arranged along a column direction of the array, wherein - each substring (104) comprises a plurality of solar cells (101, 201) electrically connected in series along a column in which the substring (104) extends, - each substring pair (104) comprises two substrings (104) extending along the column, in particular adjacent columns, and electrically connected in series, and wherein all substring pairs (104) are electrically connected in parallel, - each substring pair (104) comprises a positive and a negative terminal (105) for connecting the substring pair (104) to the positive and negative poles of the solar module (100), wherein the negative and positive terminals (105) of each substring pair (104) are arranged adjacent to each other in the solar module region (110), in particular in a terminal connection portion of the solar module (100), so that the terminals (105) of the substring pair (104) form a sequence of terminals (105) with a polarity sequence along the column, in, The polarity sequence of the terminals (105) includes at least two polarity changes of adjacent terminals (105), characterized in that the polarity sequence of the terminals (105) includes the following polarity sequence: positive, negative, negative, positive, positive, negative, or the opposite sequence.
2. The solar module region (110) of claim 1, wherein the polarity sequence of the terminals (105) comprises the following polarity sequence: positive, negative, positive, negative, positive, negative, or the reverse sequence.
3. The solar module region (110) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The substrings (104) in each substring pair (104) are electrically interconnected in an interconnection portion (106) of the array opposite the terminal connection portion.
4. The solar module region (110) according to claim 3, wherein: Some or all of the substring pairs (104) are interconnected in the interconnected portion (106) of the array to form a circuit in which some or all of the substrings (104) having positive terminals (105) are interconnected in parallel and in series with some or all of the parallel-interconnected substrings (104) having negative terminals (105).
5. The solar module region (110) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The array of solar cells (101) of the solar module area (110) consists of three substring pairs (104).
6. The solar module region (110) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising electrical connections (109), such as welding points, arranged and configured to connect the positive terminal (110) to the positive pole and the negative terminal (110) to the negative pole.
7. The solar module region (110) of claim 6, further comprising an insulator (107) arranged and configured such that the insulator (107) electrically insulates the electrical connection (109) for connecting the positive terminal (105) to the positive pole from the electrical connection (109) for connecting the negative terminal (105) to the negative pole.
8. The solar module region (110) according to claim 7, wherein: The insulator (107) is at least partially arranged between the electrical connection (109) for connecting the positive terminal (105) to the positive electrode and the electrical connection (109) connecting the negative terminal (105) to the negative electrode to separate and insulate the respective electrical connections (109).
9. The solar module region (110) according to claim 8, wherein: The insulator (107) is coated with a conductive layer (108) on two opposing surfaces of the insulator (107), such that the conductive layer (108) becomes part of a corresponding electrical connection (109).
10. A solar module (100), in particular configured to generate a rated power greater than or equal to 300 W, comprising one, two or more solar module regions (110) according to any one of the preceding claims.
11. The solar module (100) according to claim 10, wherein: The solar module (100) is connected to and / or comprises a voltage controller, which is configured to control, in particular limit, the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
12. The solar module (100) according to claim 11, wherein: The solar module (100) is connected to and / or comprises a voltage converter, in particular a DC-DC voltage converter, which is configured to increase the voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole so that the current generated by the solar module (100) is reduced.
13. The solar module (100) according to any one of claims 11 or 12, wherein: The solar module (100) is connected to and / or comprises an inverter, the inverter being configured to convert the voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole into an AC voltage, in particular wherein the inverter is a microinverter, in particular wherein the inverter comprises a voltage converter, in particular wherein the voltage provided to the inverter comes from the voltage converter.
14. A photovoltaic system (111), comprising one or more solar modules (100) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, and a voltage control system, the voltage control system having one or more voltage controllers, the voltage controllers being arranged and configured so that the voltage between the positive pole and the negative pole of each solar module (100) is controlled, in particular limited, by the voltage control system.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Solar cell assembly
EP3799245A1
Systems and methods for routing wires in a solar module
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Solar module having long solar cell strings
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