Prevention and treatment method for rice kernel smut disease

Abstract

The invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for a rice kernel smut disease. The method comprises the steps of seed treatment, crop rotation and deep ploughing, scientific fertilization and irrigation, rational close planting and flowering phase management, field disease monitoring and early warning, biological prevention and control, diseased plant treatment and the like. Seeds are selected by saline water and treated by various disinfectants, so that the health of the seeds is ensured; crop rotation for more than two years and deep ploughing and field drying in winter are performed to reduce accumulation of pathogenic bacteria; reasonable fertilization is performed according to a soil fertility detection result, field humidity is controlled, and diseases are reduced; the planting density and flowering period management are optimized, and the seed production success rate is increased; disease risks are monitored in real time through a disease and pest monitoring and early warning system, the disease trend is predicted through big data analysis and an artificial intelligence algorithm, and early warning information is issued in time; a beneficial microbial community is formed in the field by using a biocontrol inoculant, and growth of pathogenic bacteria is inhibited; diseased plants are removed at fixed points through a small agricultural machine, and disease diffusion is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention provides a prevention and control method, belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a prevention and control method for rice grain smut. Background Art

[0002] Rice grain smut, scientifically known as rice grain smut, is a fungal disease caused by the Basidiomycetes Tine Ustilago officinalis. The disease mainly affects the floral organs of rice, causing a large number of smut spores to be rapidly produced in the ovary, causing the grains to lose their economic value, seriously affecting the yield and quality of rice. The thick-walled spores (black winter spore powder) of the pathogen often adhere to the surface of the grain shell, causing the grain quality to be completely or partially destroyed and turned into a blue-black powder. This disease is distributed in Southeast Asia, Africa, and some rice-growing areas in the Americas. It is more serious in the late rice in many rice-growing areas in China, which can cause a rice yield reduction of about 20%, and in severe cases, it can reach more than 50%.

[0003] For the prevention and control of rice grain smut, the existing methods have problems such as unstable prevention and control effects and environmental pollution. The main reason is that the traditional prevention and control methods are overly dependent on chemical pesticides. The use of chemical pesticides not only easily leads to increased resistance of pathogens and a gradual decline in prevention and control effects, but also causes serious pollution to soil and water bodies, affecting the ecological environment and human health. In addition, the frequent use of chemical pesticides will also destroy the beneficial microbial communities in the field, leading to the massive reproduction of pathogens again. At the same time, the existing disease monitoring methods mostly rely on manual inspections, which are inefficient and easy to miss, and cannot detect diseases in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in delayed prevention and control measures and poor results. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient, environmentally friendly and innovative comprehensive prevention and control strategy. This strategy should include but is not limited to the selection of resistant varieties, scientific fertilization, reasonable irrigation, biological control, and precision application of pesticides to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, reduce the impact on the environment, and at the same time improve the prevention and control effect to ensure the yield and quality of rice. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for controlling rice grain smut, thereby solving the problems of unstable control effect and environmental pollution, and achieving efficient and environmentally friendly comprehensive control.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Seed treatment: Use 10% salt water to select seeds and eliminate diseased seeds, then disinfect the seeds with disinfectants such as 1% formalin solution, 1000-1500 times solution of 20% triadimefon emulsion, 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder;

[0007] S2. Crop rotation and deep plowing: For seed-producing fields where rice smut has occurred, crop rotation and rotation should be implemented for more than 2 years. After the rice is harvested, deep plowing and drying of the fields should be carried out in winter with a depth of 20-30 cm and the drying time should be more than 30 days.

[0008] S3. Scientific fertilization and irrigation:

[0009] S31. According to the soil fertility test results, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers reasonably, avoid partial or late application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to reduce the phenomenon of leggy growth and greedy greening of rice;

[0010] S32. Dry the fields in time and avoid long-term irrigation. Alternate dry and wet irrigation during the rice filling period, and keep the field dry for 12 days after each irrigation to reduce field humidity;

[0011] S4. Reasonable density planting and flowering period management:

[0012] S41. Control the width of the seed row. Generally, the row ratio of the parent plant is 2:8. The planting density is 100,000 to 120,000 holes per mu, with 34 plants per hole, to ensure good ventilation and light conditions.

[0013] S42. Through measures such as water and fertilizer management, dew removal, and spraying flowering regulators, strive to advance the flowering time of the female parent and promote the coincidence of flowering time of the parent parent, especially around noon when the humidity is high;

[0014] S5. Field disease monitoring and early warning:

[0015] S51. Install pest and disease monitoring and early warning systems in the fields, including temperature, humidity, light and other environmental parameter monitoring equipment, as well as disease identification cameras and drone inspection equipment;

[0016] S52. Use the Internet of Things technology to transmit monitoring data to the central server in real time, and use big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms to predict the risk and trend of disease occurrence;

[0017] S53. Based on the prediction results, timely release disease warning information and prevention and control suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.;

[0018] S6. Biological control:

[0019] S61. Use biocontrol agents, which can form beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere and leaves of rice and inhibit the growth of pathogens;

[0020] S62. Before and after rice transplanting, evenly spread the biocontrol agent in the field, with a dosage of 100-150 g / mu each time. During the high incidence period of the disease, spray it on the leaves once a week, with a dosage of 50-70 ml / mu each time;

[0021] S7. Treatment of diseased plants:

[0022] S71. Use disease identification cameras and drone inspection equipment to regularly identify and mark the location of diseased plants;

[0023] S72. Use small agricultural machinery to remove diseased plants at specific locations.

[0024] Preferably, the seed treatment step in step S1 includes but is not limited to the following specific measures: selecting seeds with 10% salt water to eliminate diseased seeds and shriveled seeds floating on the water surface; disinfecting the seeds with 1% formalin solution, 1000-1500 times solution of 20% triadimefon emulsion, 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder for 30-60 minutes; rinsing the disinfected seeds with clean water for 3-5 times to ensure that the residual disinfectant is removed.

[0025] Preferably, the fertilization management in step S31 includes: according to the soil fertility test results, rationally applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, using formula fertilization, applying 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-8 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8-12 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; during the rice seedling and tillering stages, maintaining the field water layer depth at 2-3 cm; adopting dry-wet alternating irrigation during the rice filling period, keeping the field surface dry for 1-2 days after each irrigation, and then irrigating again; the irrigation depth is controlled at 3-5 cm to ensure that the wet and dry states of the rice field alternate.

[0026] Preferably, the flowering period management in step S4 includes: promoting the flowering period of the parent plants to coincide with each other, especially performing flowering period management around noon when the humidity is high; the method for using the flowering period regulator is to spray 50-70 ml per mu 35 days before the rice parent is about to bloom, and add 30 liters of water.

[0027] Preferably, the pest monitoring and early warning system in step S51 includes:

[0028] a. Temperature, humidity, light and other environmental parameter monitoring equipment;

[0029] b. Disease identification camera;

[0030] c. UAV inspection equipment;

[0031] d. Data transmission module, which transmits monitoring data to the central server in real time;

[0032] e. Big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms to predict the risk and trend of disease occurrence;

[0033] f. Information release module, which releases disease warning information and prevention and control suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.

[0034] Preferably, the biocontrol agent in step S61 is prepared from the following raw materials in proportion by weight:

[0035] a. Trichoderma: 50-60%;

[0036] b. Bacillus subtilis: 20-30%;

[0037] c. Bacillus: 10-20%;

[0038] d. Kaolin: 10-20%.

[0039] Preferably, the small agricultural machinery in step S72 includes but is not limited to electric lawn mowers and sprayers.

[0040] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0041] The present invention relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for rice grain smut, which effectively reduces the incidence of rice grain smut, improves the yield and quality of rice, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, and has good environmental benefits through comprehensive measures such as scientific seed treatment, crop rotation and deep ploughing, fertilization and irrigation management, reasonable close planting and flowering management, field disease monitoring and early warning system, biological control and diseased plant treatment. The present invention is suitable for large-scale rice planting areas and has promotion and application value.

[0042] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 The invention discloses a connection relationship diagram of a pest monitoring and early warning system for a method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right” and similar expressions used in this document are only for illustrative purposes and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs; the terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention; the term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1. Seed treatment: Use 10% salt water to select seeds and eliminate diseased seeds, then disinfect the seeds with disinfectants such as 1% formalin solution, 1000-1500 times solution of 20% triadimefon emulsion, 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder.

[0050] Seed treatment is an important step to ensure the health of rice in the early stage of planting. Salt water seed selection can eliminate diseased and shriveled seeds, improve seed germination rate and growth vitality. Using a variety of disinfectants can completely kill pathogens on the surface of seeds and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

[0051] It improves seed quality, reduces the risk of disease transmission, and lays a good foundation for subsequent planting.

[0052] S2. Crop rotation and deep plowing: For seed-producing fields where rice smut has occurred, crop rotation and rotation should be implemented for more than 2 years. After the rice is harvested, deep plowing and drying of the fields should be carried out in winter with a depth of 20-30 cm and the drying time should be more than 30 days.

[0053] Crop rotation can effectively reduce the accumulation of pathogens in the soil and prevent continuous cropping. Deep plowing and sun drying can improve soil aeration and structure and kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil.

[0054] It reduces the incidence of diseases and improves soil fertility and planting results.

[0055] S3. Scientific fertilization and irrigation

[0056] S31. According to the soil fertility test results, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers reasonably, avoid partial application or late application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to reduce the phenomenon of excessive growth and greedy greenness of rice.

[0057] Soil fertility testing can accurately understand the nutrient status of the soil, and reasonable application of fertilizers can ensure the healthy growth of rice. Avoiding partial and late application of nitrogen fertilizers can reduce the leggy growth and greed of rice and improve the disease resistance of the plants.

[0058] Scientific fertilization improves fertilizer utilization, reduces waste, and reduces the occurrence of diseases.

[0059] S32. Dry the fields in time and avoid long-term irrigation. During the rice filling period, alternate dry and wet irrigation, and keep the field surface dry for 1-2 days after each irrigation to reduce field humidity.

[0060] Timely sun drying and alternating wet and dry irrigation can effectively control field humidity and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Keeping the field dry during the rice filling period can promote root development and nutrient absorption.

[0061] It reduces field humidity, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and improves rice yield and quality.

[0062] S4. Reasonable density planting and flowering period management

[0063] S41. Control the width ratio of seed production rows. Generally, the row ratio of parent plants is 2:8. The planting density per mu is 100,000 to 120,000 holes, with 3 to 4 plants per hole, to ensure good ventilation and light conditions.

[0064] Reasonable planting density and row ratio can ensure ventilation and light transmission conditions for rice and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Higher planting density can increase yield, but too dense planting will lead to poor ventilation between plants and increase the risk of disease.

[0065] It has improved the disease resistance of rice, optimized the planting structure and increased yield.

[0066] S42. Through measures such as water and fertilizer management, dew removal, and spraying of flowering regulators, we strive to advance the flowering time of the mother plant and promote the coincidence of flowering time of the parent plants, especially for flowering management around noon when the humidity is higher.

[0067] Water and fertilizer management and dew removal can improve field environmental conditions and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Flowering time regulators can promote the coincidence of the flowering period of the female parent and the male parent, thereby increasing the success rate of seed production.

[0068] It improves the success rate of seed production, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and optimizes field management.

[0069] S5. Field disease monitoring and early warning

[0070] S51. Install pest and disease monitoring and early warning systems in the fields, including equipment for monitoring environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and light, as well as disease identification cameras and drone inspection equipment.

[0071] The pest and disease monitoring and early warning system can monitor the environmental parameters and rice growth in the field in real time and detect diseases in time. Environmental parameter monitoring equipment such as temperature, humidity, and light is used to record environmental conditions, disease identification cameras are used to take images of rice, and drone inspection equipment is used for large-scale field inspections.

[0072] Real-time monitoring and early warning systems can detect diseases early, improve prevention and control effects, and reduce losses.

[0073] S52. The monitoring data is transmitted to the central server in real time through the Internet of Things technology, and the risks and trends of disease occurrence are predicted using big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms.

[0074] Internet of Things technology can realize real-time transmission of monitoring data, and big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms can deeply process data to predict the risk and trend of disease occurrence.

[0075] Provide scientific prediction results to help farmers take measures in advance and improve prevention and control effects.

[0076] S53. Based on the prediction results, timely release disease warning information and prevention suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.

[0077] The information release module sends prediction results and prevention and control suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc. to ensure timely communication of information.

[0078] With timely communication of information, farmers can take prompt action to reduce losses caused by diseases.

[0079] S6. Biological control

[0080] S61. Use biocontrol agents, which can form beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere and leaves of rice and inhibit the growth of pathogens.

[0081] Biocontrol agents are composed of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis. They inhibit the growth of pathogens and reduce the use of chemical pesticides by forming beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere and leaves of rice.

[0082] Environmentally friendly and highly efficient, it reduces dependence on chemical pesticides, reduces costs and environmental pollution.

[0083] S62. Before and after rice transplanting, evenly spread the biocontrol agent in the field, with a dosage of 100-150 g / mu each time. During the high incidence period of the disease, spray it on the leaves once a week, with a dosage of 50-70 ml / mu each time.

[0084] Applying biocontrol agents before and after transplanting and during the peak disease season can ensure that rice is adequately protected during the critical period and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

[0085] It improves the effectiveness of biocontrol agents and reduces the risk of disease transmission.

[0086] S7. Diseased Plant Treatment

[0087] S71. Use disease identification cameras and drone inspection equipment to regularly identify and mark the locations of diseased plants.

[0088] Disease identification camera inspection equipment can regularly capture field images and use image recognition technology to detect and mark the locations of diseased plants.

[0089] Accurately identify diseased plants and reduce the time and cost of manual inspections.

[0090] S72. Use small agricultural machinery to remove diseased plants at specific locations.

[0091] Small agricultural machinery such as electric mowers and sprayers can quickly and efficiently remove diseased plants and reduce the spread of pathogens.

[0092] Respond quickly to reduce the spread of pathogens and protect healthy plants.

[0093] The seed treatment step in step S1 includes but is not limited to the following specific measures: selecting seeds with 10% salt water to eliminate diseased seeds and shriveled seeds floating on the water surface; disinfecting the seeds with 1% formalin solution, 1000-1500 times solution of 20% triadimefon emulsion, 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder for 30-60 minutes; rinsing the disinfected seeds with clean water for 3-5 times to ensure that the residual disinfectant is removed.

[0094] Salt water seed selection and disinfection can effectively remove diseased and shriveled seeds and reduce the spread of diseases. The concentration of the disinfectant and the treatment time need to be strictly controlled to ensure the disinfection effect while avoiding damage to the seeds.

[0095] It improves the health of seeds, reduces the occurrence of diseases, and provides high-quality seeds for subsequent planting.

[0096] The fertilization management in step S31 includes: according to the soil fertility test results, rationally apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, adopt formula fertilization, apply 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-8 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8-12 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; during the rice seedling and tillering stages, keep the field water layer depth at 2-3 cm; adopt dry-wet alternating irrigation during the rice filling period, keep the field surface dry for 1-2 days after each irrigation, and then irrigate again; control the irrigation depth at 3-5 cm to ensure that the wet and dry states of the rice field alternate.

[0097] -Scientific fertilization and irrigation management can ensure that the nutritional needs of rice and field humidity are controlled within a reasonable range, reducing the occurrence of diseases. Formulated fertilization can provide balanced nutrients, and alternating dry and wet irrigation can reduce field humidity and promote root development.

[0098] It has improved fertilizer utilization, reduced the occurrence of diseases, optimized field management, and increased rice yield and quality.

[0099] The flowering period management in step S4 includes: promoting the flowering period of the parent rice plants to coincide with each other, especially managing the flowering period around noon when the humidity is high; the method for using the flowering period regulator is to spray 50-70 ml per mu 3-5 days before the rice parent plants are about to bloom, and add 30 liters of water.

[0100] Flowering period management is the key to successful seed production. Flowering time regulators can promote the coincidence of the flowering period of the female parent and the male parent, thereby improving the seed production effect. Flowering period management around noon when the humidity is high can reduce the impact of humidity on pollen transmission.

[0101] It improves the success rate of seed production, optimizes flowering period management, and reduces the occurrence of diseases.

[0102] The biocontrol agent in step S61 is prepared from the following raw materials in weight proportion:

[0103] a. Trichoderma: 50-60%

[0104] Trichoderma is an effective biocontrol fungus that can inhibit the growth of many pathogens.

[0105] It has a strong disease prevention effect and reduces the use of chemical pesticides.

[0106] b. Bacillus subtilis: 20-30%:

[0107] Bacillus subtilis can improve the stress resistance and disease resistance of rice.

[0108] The comprehensive resistance of rice is improved and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.

[0109] c. Bacillus: 10-20%:

[0110] Bacillus forms beneficial microbial communities in the soil and on leaves that help inhibit pathogens.

[0111] It improves the soil microbial environment and improves the growth quality of rice.

[0112] d. Kaolin: 10-20%:

[0113] Kaolin, as a diluent, can evenly disperse the biocontrol agent and improve the application effect.

[0114] Ensure the uniform distribution of biocontrol agents and improve the control effect.

[0115] The small agricultural machinery in step S72 includes but is not limited to electric lawn mowers and sprayers.

[0116] Electric mowers can quickly remove diseased plants and reduce the spread of pathogens. Sprayers can be used to spray biocontrol agents and chemicals on the leaves to ensure that diseased plants are completely treated.

[0117] It provides efficient mechanized processing means, reduces the waste of human resources and improves processing efficiency.

[0118] like Figure 2 As shown, the pest monitoring and early warning system in step S51 includes:

[0119] a. Temperature, humidity, light and other environmental parameter monitoring equipment:

[0120] These devices can monitor field environmental conditions in real time and provide data support for disease prediction.

[0121] It improves the accuracy and real-time nature of data, and helps to adjust field management measures in a timely manner.

[0122] b. Disease identification camera:

[0123] The camera can capture images of rice in the field for disease identification and monitoring.

[0124] Visual monitoring of diseases is achieved, which improves the accuracy of disease identification.

[0125] c. UAV inspection equipment:

[0126] Drones can conduct field inspections over a large area, capture higher-resolution images, and cover a wider monitoring range.

[0127] It provides efficient and extensive monitoring means and reduces the limitations of manual inspections.

[0128] d. Data transmission module:

[0129] The data transmission module transmits environmental parameters and image data to the central server in real time to ensure the timeliness and integrity of the data.

[0130] Real-time data transmission is achieved, supporting rapid response and processing.

[0131] e. Big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms:

[0132] Big data analysis can process large amounts of historical data and extract key features; artificial intelligence algorithms can conduct deep learning and prediction of images and environmental data to generate risk and trend reports on disease occurrence.

[0133] It provides a scientific prediction basis to help farmers take measures in advance and improve prevention and control effects.

[0134] f. Information release module:

[0135] The information release module sends disease warning information and prevention suggestions to farmers in a timely manner through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.

[0136] Ensure timely communication of information to help farmers take prompt action and reduce losses from diseases.

[0137] In this implementation plan, the connection method and usage process of the pest monitoring and early warning system are as follows:

[0138] 1. Environmental parameter collection and transmission

[0139] Steps: Environmental parameter monitoring equipment (such as temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors) is installed at a fixed location in the field to collect environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and light at set time intervals (such as every hour).

[0140] Connection method: Data is transmitted to a central server in real time through wireless sensor networks (WSN) or Internet of Things (IoT) technology.

[0141] Data processing: After receiving the data, the central server stores and preliminarily processes it to generate time series data of environmental parameters.

[0142] 2. Disease image acquisition and transmission

[0143] Steps: The disease recognition camera is installed at a fixed position in the field and takes images of rice in the field at set time intervals (such as every morning and evening).

[0144] Connection method: Image data is transmitted to the central server in real time through 4G / 5G communication technology.

[0145] Image processing: After receiving the image data, the central server performs preprocessing, such as image denoising, cropping, enhancement, etc., to improve image quality.

[0146] 3. Drone inspection and image acquisition

[0147] Steps: The drone inspection equipment automatically takes off at a scheduled time (such as once a week), conducts field inspections according to the set route, and captures dynamic images of the fields.

[0148] Connection method: Through the drone management system, the image data is transmitted to the central server in real time.

[0149] Image processing: The image data transmitted by the drone inspection equipment is also pre-processed to ensure that the image quality meets the analysis requirements.

[0150] 4. Data transmission and storage

[0151] Steps: The data transmission module transmits the collected environmental parameters and image data to the central server in real time through wireless network or 4G / 5G communication technology.

[0152] Connection method: The data transmission module is connected to the central server through a secure communication protocol (such as MQTT, HTTP / HTTPS).

[0153] Data storage: After receiving the data, the central server stores it in the database to form a time series record of environmental parameters and image records.

[0154] 5. Big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms

[0155] step:

[0156] a. The big data analysis module conducts in-depth analysis of historical environmental parameters and image data to extract key features.

[0157] b. The artificial intelligence algorithm module uses convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine (SVM) and other algorithms to identify diseases in images.

[0158] c. Combine environmental parameters and disease identification results to predict the risk and trend of disease occurrence.

[0159] Connection method: The big data analysis module and artificial intelligence algorithm module are deployed on the central server and data exchange is carried out through the internal network.

[0160] Result generation: Generate disease prediction reports and prevention and control recommendations.

[0161] 6. Information Release

[0162] step:

[0163] a. The information release module sends the generated disease prediction reports and prevention and control suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.

[0164] b. The information generation submodule generates specific information content based on the disease prediction results, including risk level, prevention and control measures, etc.

[0165] c. The information sending submodule sends the generated information content to farmers in real time through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.

[0166] Connection method: The information publishing module is connected to the mobile APP and SMS sending service through the API interface.

[0167] User reception: Farmers receive disease warning information and prevention suggestions through mobile phones and take corresponding prevention and control measures in a timely manner.

[0168] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Seed treatment: Use 10% salt water to select seeds and eliminate diseased seeds, then disinfect the seeds with disinfectants such as 1% formalin solution, 1000-1500 times solution of 20% triadimefon emulsion, 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder; S2. Crop rotation and deep plowing: For seed-producing fields where rice smut has occurred, crop rotation and rotation should be implemented for more than 2 years. After the rice is harvested, deep plowing and drying of the fields should be carried out in winter with a depth of 20-30 cm and the drying time should be more than 30 days. S3. Scientific fertilization and irrigation: S31. According to the soil fertility test results, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers reasonably, avoid partial or late application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to reduce the phenomenon of leggy growth and greedy greening of rice; S32. Dry the fields in time and avoid long-term irrigation. Alternate dry and wet irrigation is adopted during the rice filling period. Keep the field surface dry for 12 days after each irrigation to reduce the field humidity; S4. Reasonable density planting and flowering period management: S41. Control the width of the seed row. Generally, the row ratio of the parent plant is 2:

8. The planting density is 100,000 to 120,000 holes per mu, with 34 plants per hole, to ensure good ventilation and light transmission conditions. S42. Through measures such as water and fertilizer management, dew removal, and spraying flowering regulators, strive to advance the flowering time of the female parent and promote the coincidence of flowering time of the parent parent, especially around noon when the humidity is high; S5. Field disease monitoring and early warning: S51. Install pest and disease monitoring and early warning systems in the fields, including temperature, humidity, light and other environmental parameter monitoring equipment, as well as disease identification cameras and drone inspection equipment; S52. Use the Internet of Things technology to transmit monitoring data to the central server in real time, and use big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms to predict the risk and trend of disease occurrence; S53. Based on the prediction results, timely release disease warning information and prevention and control suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.; S6. Biological control: S61. Use biocontrol agents, which can form beneficial microbial communities in the rhizosphere and leaves of rice and inhibit the growth of pathogens; S62. Before and after rice transplanting, evenly spread the biocontrol agent in the field, with a dosage of 100-150 g / mu each time. During the high incidence period of the disease, spray it on the leaves once a week, with a dosage of 50-70 ml / mu each time; S7. Treatment of diseased plants: S71. Use disease identification cameras and drone inspection equipment to regularly identify and mark the location of diseased plants; S72. Use small agricultural machinery to remove diseased plants at designated locations.

2. The method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed treatment step in step S1 includes but is not limited to the following specific measures: selecting seeds with 10% salt water to eliminate diseased seeds and shriveled seeds floating on the water surface; disinfecting the seeds with 1% formalin solution, 1000-1500 times solution of 20% triadimefon emulsion, 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times solution of 20% chlorpyrifos wettable powder for 30-60 minutes; rinsing the disinfected seeds with clean water for 3-5 times to ensure that the residual disinfectant is removed.

3. The method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization management in step S31 includes: according to the soil fertility test results, rationally apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, adopt formula fertilization, apply 10-15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5-8 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8-12 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu; during the rice seedling and tillering stages, keep the field water layer depth at 2-3 cm; adopt dry-wet alternating irrigation during the rice filling period, keep the field surface dry for 1-2 days after each irrigation, and then irrigate again; control the irrigation depth at 3-5 cm to ensure that the wet and dry states of the rice field alternate.

4. The method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flowering period management in step S4 includes: promoting the flowering period of the parent rice plants to coincide with each other, especially managing the flowering period around noon when the humidity is high; the method for using the flowering period regulator is to spray 50-70 ml per mu of the rice parent 35 days before the rice parent plants are about to bloom, and add 30 liters of water.

5. The method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest monitoring and early warning system in step S51 includes: a. Temperature, humidity, light and other environmental parameter monitoring equipment; b. Disease identification camera; c. UAV inspection equipment; d. Data transmission module, which transmits monitoring data to the central server in real time; e. Big data analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms to predict the risk and trend of disease occurrence; f. Information release module, which releases disease warning information and prevention and control suggestions to farmers through mobile phone APP, text messages, etc.

6. The method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biocontrol agent in step S61 is prepared from the following raw materials in weight proportion: a. Trichoderma: 50-60%; b. Bacillus subtilis: 20-30%; c. Bacillus: 10-20%; d. Kaolin: 10-20%.

7. The method for preventing and controlling rice grain smut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The small agricultural machinery in step S72 includes but is not limited to electric lawn mowers and sprayers.

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