Low-carbon metallurgy method for large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and particularly discloses a large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace low-carbon metallurgy method which comprises the following steps: firstly, sequentially loading a main raw material, an auxiliary raw material and a main fuel into a blast furnace; then oxygen is input from the lower part of the blast furnace, and CO + H2 is generated after the oxygen combustion-supporting main fuel is ignited; at the moment, auxiliary fuel is input from the bottom, CO + H2 is also generated after the auxiliary fuel is supported by oxygen, after the generated CO + H2 reacts with the main raw material and the auxiliary raw material at the input end of the furnace top, iron oxide is reduced into qualified elemental iron, the qualified elemental iron is heated to be in a liquid state, other components are melted to become furnace slag, and the qualified liquid iron and the furnace slag are discharged from an iron notch. In order to solve the problem that the utilization rate of chemical energy of carbon is low at present, low-carbon metallurgy is achieved through a fuel and raw material input technology, an all-oxygen smelting technology, a metallurgical gas efficient low-cost CO2 removal technology, a gas heating furnace high-reduction potential gas safe heating technology, a high-temperature gas + pure oxygen + pulverized coal composite injection and hydrogen-rich metallurgy technology and a process control technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and in particular to a method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace. Background Art

[0003] 400m under existing technology 3 The high-grade hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace process is a smelting process that uses cold oxygen blast instead of traditional heated air blast. Tests have been carried out since 2020, and have undergone ultra-high oxygen enrichment tests of 30% and 50% at the tuyere, as well as tuyere gas injection experiments. However, when conducting industrial experimental research on full-oxygen top gas circulating decarbonization, since the decarbonization system was switched with the gas decarbonization system of Ouye Furnace, it was affected by the long distance of the Ouye Furnace decarbonization system and the low inlet pressure of the compressor of the Ouye Furnace decarbonization system. The industrial experiment of the minimum coke ratio and fuel ratio of its own top gas decarbonization injection process was not achieved.

[0004] In the industrial field, especially in the metallurgical industry, finding low-carbon metallurgical technology has become an urgent task. Therefore, it is necessary to design a method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace to solve the problem of high carbon emissions in the blast furnace ironmaking process. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace to solve the problem of high carbon emissions in the ironmaking process using a large hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the basic scheme provided by the present invention is: a method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: First, the main raw material, the auxiliary raw material and the main fuel are sequentially loaded into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace through the charging equipment and the charging device;

[0008] S2: Then oxygen is input from the bottom of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace to assist the combustion of the main fuel to produce CO+H2; at this time, the auxiliary fuel is input from the bottom of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace, and the auxiliary fuel is also burned by oxygen to produce CO+H2;

[0009] S3: CO+H2 produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace reacts with oxygen in iron oxides to produce CO2+H2O and CO+H2 mixed top gas discharged from the top of the furnace. A part of the top gas enters the decarbonization system after dust removal and cooling. After CO2 in the top gas is removed, it is heated by the gas heating furnace and then sprayed into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace; the other part of the top gas enters the gas system users and the gas heating furnace for combustion and heat storage after dust removal;

[0010] S4: The CO+H2 produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon-cycle oxygen blast furnace undergoes a physical and chemical reaction with the main raw materials and auxiliary raw materials at the top input end of the hydrogen-rich carbon-cycle oxygen blast furnace. The iron oxide is reduced to qualified elemental iron, which is turned into liquid by heating. Other components are melted to become slag, and finally the qualified liquid iron and slag are discharged from the iron mouth.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention uses fuel and input technology to heat the reducing gas fuel after CO2 is removed from the furnace top in a gas heating furnace, mix it with hydrogen and heat it, and then spray it into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace through the combined tuyere. The CO and H2 partial pressures in the coal gas are increased, and the reduction potential of the coal gas is improved. Under the condition of high-reducing-potential coal gas, the reduction reaction and interaction of the iron-containing charge lower the starting reduction temperature of the iron-containing charge in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace, accelerate the reduction speed, and improve the indirect reduction degree. At the same time, the time the charge stays in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace is shortened. The invention improves production efficiency; (2) through full oxygen smelting, oxygen with a temperature of 10℃-30℃ and a purity of ≥90% is sprayed into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace, which reduces the N2 content in the furnace belly during production and increases the reaction rate of the reducing gas in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace; (3) through the metallurgical gas high-efficiency and low-cost CO2 removal technology, the CO2 content in the top gas of the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace is reduced to below 3%, which not only meets the need of reducing carbon emissions from the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace, but also reduces the consumption of solid fuels, reduces energy consumption and improves efficiency.

[0012] Option 2 is the preferred basic option. In S1, 50t-65t / batch of main raw material ore batches and 13t-17t / batch of main fuel are loaded into the furnace using charging equipment and a distribution device. The chute of the distribution device is continuously distributed through a circular rotation of an angle β in the furnace and a radial movement of an angle α based on the center of the furnace. The raw materials and fuel can be evenly and continuously loaded into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace.

[0013] Scheme three: This is the preferred basic scheme. The α angle reference angle of the main fuel distribution is adjusted to 36°, 34°, 32°, 29.5°, and 27°, and the corresponding β angle rotation numbers are 3, 3, 3, 2, and 2 respectively; the α angle reference angle of the main raw material and auxiliary raw material distribution is adjusted to 36°, 34°, 32°, and 29.5°, and the corresponding β angle rotation numbers are 3, 3, 3, and 2 respectively; by adjusting the α angle reference angle, the raw materials and fuel are distributed in alternating layers in the blast furnace, presenting a funnel and platform-shaped material surface, and the material line is greater than 3.1 meters, thereby improving the gas utilization rate.

[0014] Scheme 4 is the preferred basic scheme. In S1, the main raw material is iron oxide, and the performance indicators are: TFe=55%, basicity R2=CaO / SiO2=1.85-1.9, FeO=8-10%, MgO 2.0-2.5%, and drum index is above 81%. The auxiliary raw material is coal powder made from bituminous coal, and the performance indicators are: volatile matter control ≯25%. The main fuel is a carbonaceous combustible heat-generating agent with certain strength and wear resistance, and the performance indicators are: cold crushing strength M40: 86%-92%, wear resistance M10: ≥6.8%, hot strength CSR≥50%, coke reactivity CRI≥30%, and average particle size 50mm-55mm.

[0015] Scheme 5 is the preferred basic scheme. In S1, the oxygen temperature is 10℃-30℃, and the purity is ≥90%. The full oxygen smelting is adopted to increase the combustion temperature of the tuyere, reduce the N2 content in the furnace bosh, and increase the kinetic reaction rate of the reducing gas in the furnace.

[0016] Scheme 6, which is the preferred basic scheme, in S3, the steps of removing CO2 from the top gas are:

[0017] Step 1: First, the top gas is passed through a rough dust removal device and a dry dust removal device to remove solid impurities;

[0018] Step 2: The furnace top gas after solid impurities are removed is then sent into the water washing device of the decarbonized gas fine dust removal device through the gas pipeline to cool and wash the furnace top gas;

[0019] Step 3: The furnace top gas cooled by the gas fine dust removal device is then pressurized by a screw compressor. The furnace top gas first passes through a T-type filter at the inlet of the screw compressor and then enters the screw compressor for compression;

[0020] Step 4: Then use liquid spray cooling circulating water to cool the screw compressor, the compressed furnace top gas and liquid spray cooling circulating soft water enter the compressor gas-liquid separator together, the compressed gas and cooling soft water enter the absorption tower from the first branch on the top after separation; the liquid spray cooling circulating soft water of the gas-liquid separator uses the liquid spray soft water cooler to exchange heat and cool the cooling water in the compressor circulating cooling water device; the liquid spray cooling circulating soft water after heat exchange and cooling in the liquid spray soft water cooler passes through the liquid spray filter and circulates to the liquid spray nozzle inlet of the screw compressor for recycling;

[0021] Step 5: The semi-lean liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower that has absorbed CO2 becomes rich liquid. The high-pressure rich liquid energy is recovered through the hydraulic turbine device and enters the flash tank. The rich liquid after flash evaporation in the flash tank is pressed into the upper part of the regeneration tower by the liquid pressure difference for CO2 regeneration and analysis.

[0022] Step 6: The rich liquid after the CO2 is analyzed and regenerated becomes semi-lean liquid, which is discharged from the bottom of the regeneration tower. The semi-lean liquid is then cooled by an air cooler, pressurized by a solution pump, and sent to the absorption tower to continue absorbing CO2.

[0023] After dust removal and cooling, the top gas is subjected to a one-stage absorption plus a one-stage regeneration process; the CO2 content of the top gas is reduced to below 3% and then recycled. This not only meets the demand for reducing carbon emissions from hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnaces, but also reduces the consumption of solid fuels, reduces energy consumption and improves efficiency.

[0024] Scheme 7, which is the optimal choice of the basic scheme, in S3, the gas heating furnace heats the decarbonized coal gas using three working states: combustion heat storage period, gas heating period and switching period, which are alternately cycled among the three gas heating furnaces;

[0025] A: During the combustion heat storage period of the gas heating furnace, first open the combustion-supporting fan and the combustion-supporting air valve to provide combustion-supporting air for the combustion of the gas heating furnace, then open the flue gas valve and the combustion gas valve to allow the combustion gas and combustion-supporting air to enter the gas heating furnace through the pipeline for combustion. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion heats the refractory in the gas heating furnace, so that the heat is stored in the refractory of the gas heating furnace;

[0026] B: When the combustion heat storage period turns to the gas heating period, first close the combustion air valve and combustion gas valve of the first gas heating furnace, then open the combustion air valve, nitrogen purge valve and flue gas valve of the second gas heating furnace, and use nitrogen to purge the gas in the gas heating furnace; when CO in the flue is less than 1% and O2 is less than 0.5%, close the second flue gas valve; then open the decarbonization cold gas valve of the second gas heating furnace, and when the pressure in the second gas heating furnace differs from the gas pressure sent to the combined tuyere by the first gas heating furnace by less than 5kPa, open the decarbonization cold gas valve completely, and when the decarbonization cold gas is heated to 910℃-1250℃ in the second gas heating furnace, open the decarbonization hot gas valve to allow the heated decarbonization gas to pass into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace;

[0027] C: When the gas heating period turns to the combustion heat storage period, first close the decarbonized hot gas valve and the decarbonized cold gas valve, then open the exhaust valve, the combustion air valve and the nitrogen purge valve, and use nitrogen to purge the gas in the gas heating furnace. When the CO in the flue is less than 1%, open the flue gas valve, the combustion air valve and the combustion gas valve to ensure safe ignition of the furnace in the initial ignition stage of the heat storage period;

[0028] The decarbonized coal gas is heated by three gas heating furnaces in alternating cycles, and during the alternating cycle, at least one gas heating furnace is in the heating period, thereby achieving continuous heating of the decarbonized coal gas sprayed from the combined tuyere.

[0029] Scheme 8, which is the preferred basic scheme, in S4, the calorific value of CO2+H2O produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace is 6000kJ / Nm 3 -7000kJ / Nm 3 The calorific value of CO2+H2O produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace is relatively high. After the mixed top gas is discharged from the top of the furnace, part of it can enter the decarbonization system for recycling, and the other part of the top gas can enter the gas system users and gas heating furnaces for combustion and heat storage after dust removal.

[0030] Option nine is the preferred option of the basic option. In step three, the top gas is pressurized from 150kPa-200kPa to 1000kPa-1700kPa. By increasing the pressure of the top gas, the residence time of the top gas in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace is prolonged, thereby increasing the rate of iron reduction by the top gas, reducing fuel consumption, and improving the utilization rate of the top gas. High-pressure operation can also increase the air volume and increase the output of pig iron.

[0031] Scheme 10, which is the preferred basic scheme, in step 3, two screw compressors are connected in parallel to the gas fine dust removal device, and the furnace top gas flow rate processed by each screw compressor is 60000Nm 3 / h-77250Nm 3 / h. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a process flow diagram of a large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace low-carbon metallurgy method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0034] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. Hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace; 2. Rough dust removal device; 3. Dry dust removal device; 4. Coal gas fine dust removal device; 5. Screw compressor; 6. Absorption tower; 7. Flash tank; 8. Regeneration tower; 9. T-type filter; 10. Compressor gas-liquid separator; 11. Spray soft water cooler; 12. Compressor circulating cooling water device; 13. Spray filter; 14. Coal gas heating furnace; 15. Hydraulic turbine device; 16. Solution pump; 17. Air cooler; 18. Coal gas system user; 19. Feeding equipment; 20. Distribution device; 21. Combustion-supporting fan; 22. Flue gas valve; 23. Combustion-supporting air valve; 24. Combustion gas valve; 25. Nitrogen purge valve; 26. Flue; 27. Decarbonization cold gas valve; 28. Decarbonization hot gas valve; 29. ​​Waste gas valve; 30. Combined air outlet.

[0035] Example

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1: First, 50t-65t / batch of main raw material ore batches and 13t-17t / batch of main fuel are used to sequentially load the main raw material, auxiliary raw material and main fuel into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace 1 using the charging device 19 and the distribution device 20. The main raw material is iron oxide, and the performance indicators are: TFe=55%, basicity R2=CaO / SiO2=1.85-1.9, FeO=8-10%, MgO: 2.0%-2.5%, and drum index is above 81%. The auxiliary raw material is coal powder made from bituminous coal, and the performance indicators are: volatile matter control ≯25%. The main fuel is a carbonaceous combustible exothermic agent with certain strength and wear resistance, and the performance indicators are: cold crushing strength M40: 86% -92%, wear resistance M10: ≥6.8%, hot strength CSR ≥50%, coke reactivity CRI ≥30%, average particle size 50mm-55mm, continuous distribution through the chute of the distribution device 20 rotating in the furnace at an angle β and moving radially at an angle α based on the center of the furnace; the α angle reference angle of the main fuel distribution is adjusted to: 36°, 34°, 32°, 29.5°, 27°, and the corresponding β angle rotation numbers are: 3 circles, 3 circles, 3 circles, 2 circles, respectively; the α angle reference angle of the main raw material and auxiliary raw material distribution is adjusted to: 36°, 34°, 32°, 29.5°, and the corresponding β angle rotation numbers are: 3 circles, 3 circles, 3 circles, 2 circles, respectively;

[0038] S2: Then oxygen is input from the bottom of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace 1, the oxygen temperature is 10℃-30℃, the purity is ≥90%, and the oxygen assists the combustion of the main fuel to produce CO+H2; at this time, the auxiliary fuel is input from the bottom of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace 1, and the auxiliary fuel can also produce CO+H2 after being assisted by oxygen combustion;

[0039] S3: CO+H2 produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace 1 reacts with oxygen in iron oxide to produce CO2+H2O and CO+H2 mixed top gas discharged from the top of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace 1. A portion of the top gas passes through the rough dust removal device 2 and the dry dust removal device 3 to remove solid impurities, and then enters the water washing device of the gas fine dust removal device 4 through the gas pipeline to cool and wash the top gas. Then, the top gas cooled by the gas fine dust removal device 4 is pressurized by the screw compressor 5. Two screw compressors 5 are connected in parallel to the gas fine dust removal device 4. The flow rate of the top gas processed by each screw compressor 5 is 60000Nm 3 / h-77250Nm 3 / h, the furnace top gas first passes through the T-type filter 9 at the inlet of the screw compressor 5, and then enters the screw compressor 5 for compression, and the furnace top gas is pressurized to 1000kPa-1700kPa; then the screw compressor 5 is cooled by using liquid spray cooling circulating water, and the compressed furnace top gas and liquid spray cooling circulating soft water enter the compressor gas-liquid separator 10 at the same time, and the compressed gas and cooling soft water enter the absorption tower 6 through the first branch at the top after separation; the liquid spray cooling circulating soft water of the compressor gas-liquid separator 10 is used to exchange heat and cool the cooling water in the compressor circulating cooling water device 12 by using the liquid spray soft water cooler 11; the liquid spray cooling circulating soft water after heat exchange and cooling by the liquid spray soft water cooler 11 passes through the liquid spray filter 13, and is circulated to the liquid spray nozzle inlet of the screw compressor 5 again for recycling; After the semi-lean liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower 6 absorbs CO2, it becomes rich liquid. The high-pressure rich liquid energy is recovered through the hydraulic turbine device 15 and then enters the flash tank 7. Then, the rich liquid after flashing in the flash tank 7 is pressed into the upper part of the regeneration tower 8 by the liquid pressure difference for CO2 regeneration and analysis. The rich liquid after the analysis and regeneration of CO2 becomes semi-lean liquid, which is discharged from the bottom of the regeneration tower 8. Then, the semi-lean liquid is cooled by the air cooler 17, and is pressurized by the solution pump and then sent to the absorption tower 6 again to continue absorbing CO2. After removing CO2 from the top gas, it is heated by the gas heating furnace 14 and then sprayed into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace 1. At the same time, the coke oven gas, natural gas, cold oxygen and coal powder are comprehensively sprayed through the combined air port 30. Another part of the top gas enters the gas system user 18 and the gas heating furnace 14 for combustion and heat storage after dust removal.

[0040] S4: CO+H2 produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace 1 chemically reacts with the main raw materials and auxiliary raw materials at the top input end of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace 1. Part of the CO+H2 reacts with the oxygen in the iron oxide to produce CO2+H2O. The calorific value of CO2+H2O is 6000kJ / Nm 3 -7000kJ / Nm 3 , iron oxide is reduced to elemental iron, which becomes liquid by heating, and other components are melted to become slag, and finally the liquid iron and slag are discharged from the iron mouth.

[0041] In summary, the fuel and raw material input technology, full oxygen smelting, metallurgical gas CO2 removal technology, gas heating furnace high reduction potential gas safety heating technology and high temperature gas + pure oxygen + coal powder composite injection and hydrogen-rich metallurgy technology meet the demand for reducing carbon emissions from hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnaces. The metallurgical gas CO2 removal technology reduces the CO2 content in the top gas of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace to less than 3%, which not only meets the demand for reducing carbon emissions from the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace, but also reduces the consumption of solid fuels. The high temperature gas + pure oxygen + coal powder composite injection and hydrogen-rich metallurgy technology can achieve the composite injection process technology goals of injecting high temperature gas and hydrogen-rich gas and injecting coal powder under pure oxygen smelting conditions. High-speed oxygen flow and high-temperature high-speed gas can quickly enter the blast furnace and form a certain blast kinetic energy. The oxygen flow is arranged above the composite tuyere. Through the impact of the gas flow, an air flow wave not exceeding 1250°C is formed at the front end of the tuyere, thereby preventing the tuyere from being damaged by high-temperature combustion.

[0042] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: First, the main raw material, the auxiliary raw material and the main fuel are sequentially loaded into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (1) through the charging device (19) and the distribution device (20); S2: Then oxygen is input from the bottom of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace (1), and the oxygen assists combustion of the main fuel to produce CO+H2; at this time, the auxiliary fuel is input from the bottom of the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace (1), and the auxiliary fuel is also assisted by oxygen to produce CO+H2; S3: CO+H2 produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (1) reacts with oxygen in the iron oxide to produce CO2+H2O and CO+H2 mixed top gas which is discharged from the top of the furnace. A portion of the top gas enters the decarbonization system after dust removal and cooling. After CO2 in the top gas is removed, the gas is heated by the gas heating furnace (14) and then sprayed into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (1); another portion of the top gas enters the gas system user (18) and the gas heating furnace (14) after dust removal for combustion and heat storage. S4: CO+H2 produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon-circulating oxygen blast furnace (1) undergoes a physical and chemical reaction with the main raw materials and auxiliary raw materials at the top input end of the hydrogen-rich carbon-circulating oxygen blast furnace (1), iron oxides are reduced to qualified elemental iron, which is then turned into liquid by heating, and other components are melted to become slag, and finally qualified liquid iron and slag are discharged from the iron mouth.

2. A method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, 50t-65t / batch of main raw material ore and 13t-17t / batch of main fuel are loaded into the furnace using a charging device (19) and a distribution device (20), and the chute of the distribution device (20) is continuously distributed by rotating the chute in the furnace at an angle β and moving radially at an angle α based on the center of the furnace.

3. A method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The α angle reference angle of the main fuel distribution is adjusted to: 36°, 34°, 32°, 29.5°, and 27°, and the corresponding β angle rotation numbers are: 3 circles, 3 circles, 3 circles, 2 circles, and 2 circles respectively; the α angle reference angle of the main raw material and auxiliary raw material distribution is adjusted to: 36°, 34°, 32°, and 29.5°, and the corresponding β angle rotation numbers are: 3 circles, 3 circles, 3 circles, and 2 circles respectively.

4. A method for low-carbon metallurgy in a large hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S1, the main raw material is iron oxide, and the performance indicators are: TFe=55%, basicity R2=CaO / SiO2=1.85-1.9, FeO=8-10%, MgO 2.0-2.5%, and drum index is above 81%. The auxiliary raw material is coal powder made from bituminous coal, and the performance indicators are: volatile matter control ≯25%. The main fuel is a carbonaceous combustible heating agent with certain strength and wear resistance, and the performance indicators are: cold crushing strength M40: 86%-92%, wear resistance M10: ≥6.8%, hot strength CSR≥50%, coke reactivity CRI≥30%, and average particle size 50-55mm.

5. The method of low-carbon metallurgy in a large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the oxygen temperature is 10°C-30°C and the purity is ≥90%.

6. A large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace low-carbon metallurgy method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the steps of removing CO2 from the top gas are: Step 1: First, the furnace top gas is passed through a rough dust removal device (2) and a dry dust removal device (3) to remove solid impurities; Step 2: The furnace top gas after solid impurities are removed is then introduced into the water washing device of the gas fine dust removal device (4) through the gas pipeline to cool and wash the furnace top gas; Step 3: The furnace top gas that has been cooled by the gas fine dust removal device (4) is then pressurized by a screw compressor (5). The furnace top gas first passes through a T-type filter (9) at the inlet of the screw compressor (5) and then enters the screw compressor (5) for compression; Step 4: Then, the screw compressor (5) is cooled by using liquid spray cooling circulating water. The compressed furnace top gas and the liquid spray cooling circulating soft water enter the compressor gas-liquid separator (10) together. The compressed gas and the cooling soft water enter the absorption tower (6) through the first branch at the top after separation. The liquid spray cooling circulating soft water of the compressor gas-liquid separator (10) is used to exchange heat and cool the cooling water in the liquid spray soft water cooler (11) with the cooling water in the compressor circulating cooling water device (12). The liquid spray cooling circulating soft water after heat exchange and cooling in the liquid spray soft water cooler (11) passes through the liquid spray filter (13) and is circulated again to the liquid spray nozzle inlet of the screw compressor (5) for recycling. Step 5: The semi-lean liquid at the bottom of the absorption tower (6) that has absorbed CO2 becomes rich liquid, and the high-pressure rich liquid energy is recovered through the hydraulic turbine device (15) and enters the flash tank (7). The rich liquid after flash evaporation in the flash tank (7) is pressed into the upper part of the regeneration tower (8) by the liquid pressure difference for CO2 regeneration and analysis; Step 6: After the CO2 is analyzed and regenerated, the rich liquid becomes a semi-lean liquid, which is discharged from the bottom of the regeneration tower (8). The semi-lean liquid is then cooled by an air cooler (17), pressurized by a solution pump (16), and sent to the absorption tower (6) to continue absorbing CO2.

7. The method of low-carbon metallurgy in a large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the gas heating furnace (14) heats the decarbonized coal gas in three working states: a combustion heat storage period, a gas heating period, and a switching period, and the three gas heating furnaces (14) are alternately cycled; A: During the combustion heat storage period of the gas heating furnace (14), the combustion-supporting fan (21) and the combustion-supporting air valve (23) are first opened to provide combustion-supporting air for the combustion of the gas heating furnace (14), and then the flue gas valve (22) and the combustion gas valve (24) are opened to allow the combustion gas and the combustion-supporting air to enter the gas heating furnace (14) through the pipeline for combustion. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion heats the refractory in the gas heating furnace (14), so that the heat is stored in the refractory of the gas heating furnace (14); B: When the combustion heat storage period is transferred to the gas heating period, the combustion air valve (23) and the combustion gas valve (24) of the first gas heating furnace (14) are first closed, and then the combustion air valve (23), the nitrogen purge valve (25) and the flue gas valve (22) of the second gas heating furnace (14) are opened, and the gas in the gas heating furnace (14) is purged with nitrogen; when CO in the flue (26) is less than 1% and O2 is less than 0.5%, the flue gas valve (22) of the second gas heating furnace (14) is closed; then Then, the decarbonized cold gas valve (27) of the second gas heating furnace (14) is opened. When the pressure difference between the pressure in the second gas heating furnace (14) and the gas pressure delivered to the combined air port (30) by the first gas heating furnace (14) is less than 5 kPa, the decarbonized cold gas valve (27) is fully opened. When the decarbonized cold gas is heated to 910° C.-1250° C. in the second gas heating furnace (14), the decarbonized hot gas valve (28) is opened to allow the heated decarbonized gas to pass into the hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace (1); C: When the gas heating period is transferred to the combustion heat storage period, the decarbonized hot gas valve (28) and the decarbonized cold gas valve (27) are first closed, and then the exhaust gas valve (29), the combustion air valve (23) and the nitrogen purge valve (25) are opened, and the gas in the gas heating furnace (14) is purged with nitrogen. When the CO in the flue (26) is less than 1%, the flue gas valve (22) is opened, and the combustion air valve (23) and the combustion gas valve (24) are opened to ensure safe ignition of the furnace in the initial ignition stage of the heat storage period.

8. The method of low-carbon metallurgy in a large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the calorific value of CO2+H2O produced in the hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace (1) is 6000 kJ / Nm 3 -7000kJ / Nm 3 .

9. A large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace low-carbon metallurgy method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step three, the top gas is pressurized from 150 kPa-200 kPa to 1000 kPa-1700 kPa.

10. A large-scale hydrogen-rich carbon cycle oxygen blast furnace low-carbon metallurgy method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 3, two screw compressors (5) are connected in parallel to the gas fine dust removal device (4), and the flow rate of the furnace top gas processed by each screw compressor (5) is 60000Nm 3 / h-77250Nm 3 / h.

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