Method for grafting and quickly building orchard after planting large-stock seedlings of carya illinoensis

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid orchard building method for grafting after planting of carya illinoensis large stock seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting. The method for grafting and quickly building the orchard after planting the large carya illinoensis stock seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) transplanting and planting the large carya illinoensis stock seedlings as grafting stocks; the diameter at breast height of the carya illinoensis large seedlings is 6-9 cm; (2) collecting scions; (3) grafting from the last ten days of April to the first ten days of May, cutting the rootstock at a position 1-1.2 m above the ground, grafting by adopting a bark insertion method, and symmetrically grafting two scions on each rootstock; (4) management after grafting. After the garden is built, the carya illinoensis begins to bear fruits in the third year (the carya illinoensis enters the fruiting period two years earlier than grafting seedling garden building), high yield is achieved in 6-7 years (the carya illinoensis enters the high-yield period four years earlier than grafting seedling garden building), and the garden building efficiency of the carya illinoensis is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and in particular relates to a method for quickly establishing a garden by re-grafting after planting of thin-shell pecan large-stock seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Carya illinoinensis (Wangehn.) K. Koch, also known as American pecan, long pecan, longevity fruit, pecan, is a plant of the genus Carya in the Juglandaceae family. It is native to the United States and Mexico and is one of the important oil-bearing dried fruit tree species in the world. my country began to introduce thin-shell pecans in 1900, and began to introduce varieties from abroad around the 1980s. At present, 22 provinces (cities) have carried out the introduction and cultivation of thin-shell pecans, and the better development is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Henan, Jiangxi and other regions. Jiangsu and Anhui have started large-scale promotion and planting since 2012, and have established thin-shell pecan orchards of a certain scale, which have gradually entered the fruiting and high-yield period.

[0003] However, in the process of the vigorous development of the thin-shell pecan industry, fast and efficient orchard construction technology has become a key factor restricting its further rapid development. At present, there are mainly two ways to establish thin-shell pecan orchards. The first way is to use grafted seedlings to establish orchards. This method is more common, and usually one-year-old seedlings are selected after grafting. However, thin-shell pecans themselves have a long childhood. This characteristic means that it takes a long time of 7 to 8 years from the establishment of the orchard to the production stage, and it takes more than 10 years to reach the high-yield period. Such a long waiting period means huge time costs and capital investment for growers, which seriously affects the industry's return on investment and development speed.

[0004] Another way is to use grafted large trees for garden construction. Although this method can shorten the childhood period and produce fruits earlier to a certain extent, it faces many problems in the actual operation process. For example, due to the non-uniform tree shapes of large seedlings, it is impossible to cultivate an ideal tree shape, and the standardization of garden construction is low; the price of seedlings is high when using grafted large trees to build a garden; after transplanting grafted large trees to build a garden, it is necessary to maintain a good crown, and the seedlings need to take a long time to grow. If there is an adverse environment such as drought after transplanting, it is easy to cause unstable survival rate, and the high management cost in the later stage further increases the cost of garden construction, resulting in a decrease in garden construction efficiency.

[0005] To sum up, with the increasing market demand for thin-shell pecans and the continuous expansion of the industry scale, there is an urgent need for an innovative orchard construction method that can effectively solve the problems existing in the existing orchard construction methods, achieve rapid orchard construction, shorten the childhood period, and improve the grafting survival rate, thereby promoting the thin-shell pecan industry to develop in a more efficient and sustainable direction. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapid garden establishment by grafting thin-shell pecan large-stock seedlings after planting, which starts to bear fruit in the third year after the garden is established (entering the fruiting period 2 years earlier than establishing a garden with grafted seedlings), and achieves high yield in 6-7 years (entering the high yield period 4 years earlier than establishing a garden with grafted seedlings), thereby greatly improving the efficiency of garden establishment.

[0007] The invention comprises the following steps: (1) transplanting and planting large walnut seedlings as grafting rootstocks; the large walnut seedlings have a breast diameter of 6 to 9 cm; (2) collecting scions; (3) grafting in late April to early May, cutting the rootstock at a height of 1 to 1.2 m from the ground, adopting the bark grafting method, and symmetrically grafting two scions on each rootstock; and (4) post-grafting management.

[0008] Preferably, the large walnut seedlings are seedlings grown from seeds or surplus seedlings of poor varieties in an orchard, with branching points of more than 1.3 m, straight trunks, and no diseases or insect pests.

[0009] Preferably, the transplanting and planting is carried out from autumn leaf fall to next spring bud break, and the large seedlings are transplanted with soil balls; the diameter of the soil ball is 6 to 8 times the breast diameter of the large seedlings, and the height is 4 / 6 to 5 / 6 of the diameter.

[0010] Preferably, the large seedlings are heavily pruned before transplanting and planting, removing most of the branches and retaining some thick and short branches with full buds.

[0011] Preferably, the large seedlings are transplanted and planted in holes, with the upper surface of the soil ball being level with the hole surface.

[0012] Preferably, after the large seedlings are transplanted and planted, windbreak columns are erected and fixed to carry out moisture management and pest and disease control.

[0013] Preferably, the scion is a one-year-old branch, which is pruned to a length of 8 to 9 cm and has 1 to 2 full buds 1 to 3 cm from the top.

[0014] Preferably, the scion is collected in February to March, sealed with wax and stored at 2 to 6°C.

[0015] Preferably, the bark grafting method includes: cutting the cortex at the edge of the stock incision downwards, with a length of 3 to 5 cm and a width depending on the thickness of the scion; cutting the scion into double wedge surfaces, with a long surface of 4 to 6 cm and a short surface of 2 to 3 cm, vertically inserting the scion into the stock incision, aligning the cambium, and wrapping the interface tightly with a grafting film.

[0016] Preferably, the post-grafting management includes: removing buds and sprouts; erecting poles when branches grow to 50-60 cm; breaking the membrane when branches grow to 60-80 cm; topping and pruning when branches grow to 90-120 cm; and carrying out water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) Significantly reduce costs and shorten the seedling acclimatization period. The present invention utilizes thin-shelled pecan seedlings or surplus seedlings of poor varieties in the orchard as rootstocks for rapid orchard establishment after planting. Compared with using large seedlings of excellent varieties to graft and establish an orchard, the cost of seedlings is greatly reduced, which can be reduced by about 80%. This is mainly because seedlings or surplus seedlings are relatively easy to obtain and low in cost, while the cost of cultivating large seedlings of excellent varieties is relatively high. At the same time, the large rootstock seedlings in the present invention are transplanted and grafted in the same year, and the seedling acclimatization period is short. The root nutrients are concentratedly provided to the grafted scion, laying a good foundation for subsequent growth and fruiting.

[0019] (2) Greatly shorten the childhood period and enter the high-yield period earlier. Compared with the traditional method of establishing a garden with grafted seedlings, the present invention can start to bear fruit in the third year after the establishment of the garden, entering the fruiting period 2 years earlier; high yield can be achieved 6 to 7 years after the establishment of the garden, which is 4 years earlier than the high-yield period. This is because the large seedlings themselves have a certain age base. Through reasonable grafting and management, they can enter the reproductive growth stage faster, effectively improving the efficiency of garden establishment and enabling fruit farmers to obtain economic benefits earlier.

[0020] (3) Significantly improve the grafting survival rate and growth rate. Conventional grafting methods for thin-shelled pecans, such as cutting grafting after transplanting, are not conducive to wound healing, resulting in a low survival rate of only about 30%; when the untransplanted seedlings are grafted in situ by inserting the bark, the survival rate is also not ideal due to the large amount of bleeding fluid, only about 26%. The present invention adopts the grafting method of inserting the bark after transplanting the large rootstock seedlings, which can significantly improve the grafting survival rate, have a good healing effect, and the grafting survival rate can reach more than 95%. This is due to the optimization of the large rootstock seedlings in terms of growth state adjustment and bleeding control after transplanting, which creates more favorable conditions for grafting. Moreover, the grafted plants grow fast, and they begin to produce a high yield as early as the sixth year, with an output of more than 200 catties per mu, which is about 10 times higher than the yield of the traditional method in the same period. Rapid growth and high yield can increase the income of orchards, improve land utilization, and enhance the competitiveness of the thin-shelled pecan planting industry.

[0021] (4) Comprehensive advantages improve economic benefits and industrial competitiveness. The present invention not only has significant advantages in cost control and plantation construction cycle, but also performs well in the selection of the latest excellent varieties and fruit yield. This enables thin-shell pecan plantations to achieve profitability faster and increase fruit farmers' income. It also helps to promote the rapid development of the thin-shell pecan industry and provide strong support for the sustainable development of related industries. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The invention provides a method for quickly establishing a garden by re-grafting thin-shelled pecan large-stock seedlings after planting, comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Transplantation and planting of large-stock pecan seedlings should be carried out between leaf fall in autumn and before bud break in the following spring.

[0024] (1.1) Selection of large rootstock seedlings:

[0025] The invention uses a large thin-shell pecan seedling with a breast diameter of 6 to 9 cm as a rootstock, preferably a breast diameter of 7 to 8 cm; further preferably, the large thin-shell pecan seedling is a seedling or a surplus seedling of poor variety in an orchard, with a branch point of more than 1.3 m, a straight trunk, and no diseases or insect pests.

[0026] (1.2) Seedling removal:

[0027] The present invention preferably uses a soil ball to lift the large seedlings of thin-shelled pecans, and further preferably, the diameter of the soil ball is 6 to 8 times the diameter of the large seedling at breast height, and the height is 4 / 6 to 5 / 6 of the diameter. Preferably, when the soil moisture content is low, water is irrigated 4 to 5 days before lifting the seedlings, which is conducive to lifting the seedlings with a soil ball. Preferably, after lifting the seedlings, carbendazim and 100 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid are sprayed around the root system of the tree, with the root incision position being sprayed mainly until water drips. As an implementable method, the root soil ball is tied with a straw rope after lifting the seedlings, and the surrounding area is trimmed smooth.

[0028] (1.3) Tree pruning:

[0029] The present invention preferably performs heavy pruning before transplanting to remove most of the branches and retain some short and thick branches with full buds; further preferably, the specific steps are: first remove the main branches and overcrowded branches, leave some branches, use short pruning to reduce the crown, and retain some short and thick branches with full buds; more preferably, the top branches with cuts of more than 2 cm are sealed with a wound coating agent or paint.

[0030] (1.4) Planting of large rootstock seedlings:

[0031] The present invention preferably adopts hole planting during transplanting and planting, and the upper surface of the soil ball is level with the hole surface, so as to reduce water loss and not affect the respiration of the root system; further preferably, during transplanting and planting, the thin-shelled pecan large rootstock seedling is gently placed into the hole according to the marked direction, and after being straightened, the topsoil is backfilled, and when the hole is half filled, it is stepped on in time, the soil is continued to be filled and compacted, and then a funnel-shaped tree enclosure with a diameter of 1.0m is made to facilitate watering in the later stage.

[0032] (1.5) Management after transplanting and planting:

[0033] The present invention preferably sets up windbreak columns after transplanting and planting, and adopts the following method: two wooden stakes with a length of 1 to 1.5 m and a diameter of 3 to 4 cm are fixed underground, with an underground part of 0.4 to 0.6 m and an above-ground part of 0.8 to 1 m, and then a crossbar is added, which is tightly fixed to the wooden stake with iron wire, and the trunk of the large stock seedling is fixed to the crossbar with a cloth strip. It is also preferred to carry out water management, water the large stock seedling after it is fixed, water it once, and after 2 to 3 days, if it does not rain thoroughly, water it for the second time, and then water it every 15 to 20 days if it does not rain thoroughly. It is also preferred to strengthen pest control.

[0034] (2) Collecting scion: This should be done in February or March.

[0035] The present invention preferably selects one-year-old branches as scions, and further preferably selects scion mother trees of robust and excellent varieties; more preferably, after the collection is completed, the cut ends of the scions are sealed with wax, wrapped with a wet cloth, and then wrapped with a layer of plastic wrap, and stored at 2-6°C.

[0036] (3) Grafting is carried out from late April to early May. At this time, the temperature is relatively stable, the rootstock is easy to peel off, and the temperature for grafting healing is suitable.

[0037] (3.1) Anvil breaking:

[0038] The present invention preferably saws the rootstock flush at a height of 1 to 1.2 m from the ground.

[0039] (3.2) Scion treatment:

[0040] The present invention preferably cuts the scion to 8 to 9 cm in length, with 1 to 2 full buds 1 to 3 cm from the top cut. As an implementation method, paraffin is placed in a pot at a temperature of 100 to 120° C., and the upper end of the cut scion is dipped in the paraffin at a medium speed for no more than 1.5 seconds, and then covered with a wet cloth and placed in a cool place, and grafted on the same day as the scion is cut.

[0041] (3.3) Plug connection:

[0042] The present invention preferably cuts the cortex at the edge of the stock incision downwards, with a length of 3 to 5 cm, and the width depends on the thickness of the scion; the scion is cut into double wedge surfaces, with a long surface of 4 to 6 cm and a short surface of 2 to 3 cm, and is vertically inserted into the stock incision, aligned with the cambium, and the interface is tightly wrapped with a grafting film, and two scions are symmetrically grafted on each stock.

[0043] (4) Post-grafting management

[0044] (4.1) Preferably, bud removal and sprout removal are performed, and more preferably, sprout removal is performed every 15 days;

[0045] (4.2) Preferably, when the branches grow to 50-60 cm, more preferably when they grow to 55 cm, the poles are erected in time and the branches are tied to the poles;

[0046] (4.3) After the graft is successfully grafted, the grafting membrane is preferably broken when the branch grows to 60 to 80 cm, and more preferably when the branch grows to 70 cm, the grafting membrane is cut from the side of the grafting port with a blade, and there is no need to completely untie the grafting membrane;

[0047] (4.4) It is preferred to top and prune branches when they grow to 0.9 to 1.2 m, more preferably when they grow to 1 m, to promote the growth of side branches;

[0048] (4.5) Water management: The optimum amount should be determined based on the amount of bleeding fluid at the grafting site after grafting. If the bleeding fluid is heavy, water should be properly controlled. Water should be replenished in a timely manner after the graft is established. The number of furrow irrigations should be determined based on the local rainfall. Irrigation should be performed once every 10 days when the rainfall does not exceed 20 mm. The soil moisture content should be controlled to be above 60%.

[0049] (4.6) Fertilization management: It is preferred to apply fertilizers in small amounts and multiple times, with irrigation or before rainfall;

[0050] (4.7) Pest and disease control: It is preferred to control the damage of longhorn beetles and scarab beetles to grafted branches. As an implementable method, spray green cyanamide pesticides once in mid-June.

[0051] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] (1) Transplantation and planting of large rootstock seedlings of Carya sylvestris

[0054] Selection of large rootstock seedlings: Select thin-shelled pecan seedlings with a breast diameter of 6 cm as rootstocks, with branching points above 1.3m, straight trunks and no diseases or insect pests.

[0055] Transplanting: Transplant with soil balls, the diameter of the soil ball is 6 times the diameter of the large seedlings at breast height, and the height is 5 / 6 of the diameter. Water the plots with low soil moisture content 4 days before transplanting. After transplanting, spray carbendazim and 100mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid around the roots of the trees, focusing on the root incision until water drips. Tie the root soil ball with straw rope and trim it smooth.

[0056] Tree pruning: Heavy pruning should be carried out before transplanting. First, the main branches and dense branches should be removed, leaving some branches for short pruning, reducing the crown, leaving some short and thick branches with full buds, and the top branches with cuts more than 2 cm should be sealed with wound coating.

[0057] Planting of large rootstock seedlings: Use pit planting, with the surface of the soil ball level with the hole surface. Gently place the thin-shelled pecan large rootstock seedling into the pit according to the marked direction and straighten it. Backfill the topsoil to half of the pit and tamp it down. Continue to fill the soil and tamp it down to make a funnel-shaped tree enclosure with a diameter of 1.0m.

[0058] Management after transplanting and planting: erect windbreaks, fix two wooden stakes 1m long and 3cm in diameter 0.4m underground and 0.6m above ground, add crossbars and fix them with wire, and use cloth strips to fix the trunk of the large rootstock seedling on the crossbars. Water thoroughly once after fixation, and re-water every 2 days if it does not rain thoroughly. Re-water every 15 days if it does not rain thoroughly. At the same time, strengthen pest and disease control.

[0059] (2) Collecting scion

[0060] Collect scion in February, cut strong and high-quality one-year-old branches, seal the bottom with wax, cut off a part of the branches that are too long on the top, and also seal the top with wax after cutting. Bundle 50 wax-sealed branches together, wrap them with wet cloth, then wrap them with plastic wrap and store them in a cold storage at 2-6℃.

[0061] (3) Grafting

[0062] Cutting the rootstock: In late April, cut the rootstock flush at 1m above the ground.

[0063] Scion treatment: Take out the scion from the cold storage, trim it to 8 cm in length, and have a full bud 1 cm away from the top; dip the upper end of the scion in 100°C paraffin at medium speed for 1 second, cover it with a wet cloth and place it in a cool place, and graft it on the same day of cutting.

[0064] Bark grafting: Cut the cortex downwards at the edge of the stock cut, 3 cm in length, and the width depends on the thickness of the scion; cut the scion into double wedges, 4 cm in length and 2 cm in short length, insert it vertically into the stock cut and align it with the cambium, wrap the interface tightly with grafting film, and graft 2 scions symmetrically on each stock.

[0065] (4) Post-grafting management

[0066] Bud removal and sprout removal: sprout removal every 15 days.

[0067] Vertical support poles: When the branches grow to 50cm, vertical support poles should be erected in time and the branches should be tied to the support poles.

[0068] Film breaking: After the grafting is successful, when the branch grows to 60cm, use a blade to cut the grafting film from the side of the grafting port.

[0069] Topping and pruning: When the branches grow to 90cm, timely topping and pruning are carried out to promote side branches.

[0070] Water management: control water according to the interface wound flow. After the scion survives, irrigate once when the rainfall does not exceed 20 mm within 10 days, and control the soil moisture content to more than 60%.

[0071] Fertilization management: Apply fertilizer in small amounts and multiple times, and apply fertilizer during irrigation or before rainfall.

[0072] Pest and disease control: Spray cyanamide pesticides in mid-June to control longhorn beetles and beetles.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] (1) Transplantation and planting of large rootstock seedlings of Carya sylvestris

[0075] Selection of large rootstock seedlings: Select surplus seedlings of poor varieties in the orchard with a breast diameter of 8 cm as rootstocks, with branching points above 1.3m, straight trunks and no diseases or insect pests.

[0076] Transplanting: Transplant with soil balls, the diameter of the soil ball is 7 times the diameter of the large seedlings at breast height, and the height is 5 / 6 of the diameter. Water the plots with low soil moisture content 5 days before transplanting. After transplanting, spray carbendazim and 100mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid around the roots of the trees, focusing on the root incision until water drips. Tie the root soil ball with straw rope and trim it smooth.

[0077] Tree pruning: Heavy pruning should be carried out before transplanting. First, the main branches and dense branches should be removed, leaving some branches for short pruning, reducing the crown, leaving some full and short branches, and the top branches with cuts more than 2 cm should be sealed with paint.

[0078] Planting of large rootstock seedlings: Use pit planting, with the surface of the soil ball level with the hole surface. Gently place the thin-shelled pecan large rootstock seedling into the pit according to the marked direction and straighten it. Backfill the topsoil to half of the pit and tamp it down. Continue to fill the soil and tamp it down to make a funnel-shaped tree enclosure with a diameter of 1.0m.

[0079] Management after transplanting and planting: erect windbreaks, fix two wooden stakes 1.3m long and 3.5cm in diameter 0.5m underground and 0.8m above ground, add crossbars and fix them with wire, and use cloth strips to fix the trunk of the large rootstock seedling on the crossbars. Water thoroughly once after fixation, and re-water every 3 days if it does not rain thoroughly. Re-water every 18 days if it does not rain thoroughly. At the same time, strengthen pest and disease control.

[0080] (2) Collecting scion

[0081] Collect scion in March, cut strong and high-quality one-year-old branches, seal the bottom with wax, cut off a part of the branches that are too long on the top, and also seal the top with wax after cutting. Bundle 50 wax-sealed branches together, wrap them with wet cloth, then wrap them with plastic wrap and store them in a cold storage at 2-6℃.

[0082] (3) Grafting

[0083] Cutting the rootstock: In early May, cut the rootstock flush at 1.1m above the ground.

[0084] Scion treatment: Take out the scion from the cold storage, trim it to 9 cm in length, and have two full buds 2 cm away from the top. Dip the upper end of the scion in 110℃ paraffin at medium speed for 1.2 seconds, cover it with a wet cloth and place it in a cool place. Cut and graft it on the same day.

[0085] Bark grafting: Cut the cortex downwards at the edge of the stock cut, with a length of 4 cm and a width depending on the thickness of the scion; cut the scion into double wedges, with a long side of 5 cm and a short side of 2.5 cm, insert it vertically into the stock cut and align it with the cambium, wrap the interface tightly with grafting film, and graft two scions symmetrically on each stock.

[0086] (4) Post-grafting management

[0087] Bud removal and sprout removal: sprout removal every 15 days.

[0088] Vertical support poles: When the branches grow to 55cm, vertical support poles should be erected in time and the branches should be tied to the support poles.

[0089] Film breaking: After the grafting is successful, when the branch grows to 70cm, use a blade to cut the grafting film from the side of the grafting port.

[0090] Topping and pruning: When the branches grow to 100cm, timely topping and pruning are carried out to promote side branches.

[0091] Water management: control water according to the interface wound flow. After the scion survives, irrigate once when the rainfall does not exceed 20 mm within 10 days, and control the soil moisture content to more than 60%.

[0092] Fertilization management: Apply fertilizer in small amounts and multiple times, and apply fertilizer during irrigation or before rainfall.

[0093] Pest and disease control: Spray cyanamide pesticides in mid-June to control longhorn beetles and beetles.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] (1) Transplantation and planting of large rootstock seedlings of Carya sylvestris

[0096] Selection of large rootstock seedlings: Select thin-shelled pecan seedlings with a breast diameter of 9 cm as rootstocks, with branching points above 1.3m, straight trunks and no diseases or insect pests.

[0097] Transplanting: Transplant with soil balls, the diameter of which is 8 times the diameter of the large seedling at breast height, and the height is 4 / 6 of the diameter. Water the plots with low soil moisture content 5 days before transplanting. After transplanting, spray carbendazim and 100mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid around the roots of the trees, focusing on the root incision until water drips. Tie the root soil ball with straw rope and trim it smooth.

[0098] Tree pruning: Heavy pruning should be carried out before transplanting. First, the main branches and dense branches should be removed, leaving some branches for short pruning, reducing the crown, and pruning into thick and short branches with full buds. The top branches with cuts more than 2 cm should be sealed with wound coating.

[0099] Planting of large rootstock seedlings: Use pit planting, with the surface of the soil ball level with the hole surface. Gently place the thin-shelled pecan large rootstock seedling into the pit according to the marked direction and straighten it. Backfill the topsoil to half of the pit and tamp it down. Continue to fill the soil and tamp it down to make a funnel-shaped tree enclosure with a diameter of 1.0m.

[0100] Management after transplanting and planting: erect windbreaks, fix two 1.5m long and 4cm diameter wooden stakes 0.6m underground and 0.9m above ground, add crossbars and fix them with wire, and use cloth strips to fix the trunk of the large rootstock seedling on the crossbars. Water thoroughly once after fixation, and re-water every 3 days if it does not rain thoroughly. Re-water every 20 days if it does not rain thoroughly. At the same time, strengthen pest and disease control.

[0101] (2) Collecting scion

[0102] Collect scion in March, cut strong and high-quality one-year-old branches, seal the bottom with wax, cut off a part of the branches that are too long on the top, and also seal the top with wax after cutting. Bundle 50 wax-sealed branches together, wrap them with wet cloth, then wrap them with plastic wrap and store them in a cold storage at 2-6℃.

[0103] (3) Grafting

[0104] Cutting the rootstock: In early May, cut the rootstock flush at 1.2m above the ground.

[0105] Scion treatment: Take out the scion from the cold storage, trim it to 9 cm in length, and have two full buds 3 cm from the top. Dip the upper end of the scion in 100°C paraffin at medium speed for 1.5 seconds, cover it with a wet cloth and place it in a cool place. Cut and graft it on the same day.

[0106] Bark grafting: Cut the cortex downwards at the edge of the stock cut, with a length of 5 cm and a width depending on the thickness of the scion; cut the scion into double wedges, with a long side of 6 cm and a short side of 3 cm, and insert it vertically into the stock cut to align with the cambium. Wrap the interface tightly with grafting film, and symmetrically graft two scions on each stock.

[0107] (4) Post-grafting management

[0108] Bud removal and sprout removal: sprout removal every 15 days.

[0109] Vertical support poles: When the branches grow to 60cm, vertical support poles should be erected in time and the branches should be tied to the support poles.

[0110] Film breaking: After the grafting is successful, when the branch grows to 80cm, use a blade to cut the grafting film from the side of the grafting port.

[0111] Topping and pruning: When the branches grow to 110cm, timely topping and pruning are carried out to promote side branches.

[0112] Water management: control water according to the interface wound flow. After the scion survives, irrigate once when the rainfall does not exceed 20 mm within 10 days, and control the soil moisture content to more than 60%.

[0113] Fertilization management: Apply fertilizer in small amounts and multiple times, and apply fertilizer during irrigation or before rainfall.

[0114] Pest and disease control: Spray cyanamide pesticides in mid-June to control longhorn beetles and beetles.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] The production effect of thin-shell walnut under different garden construction methods

[0117] The present invention investigates and statistics the commonly used "grafting small seedlings to build a garden" and "grafting large trees to build a garden" in the prior art, and compares them with the "large rootstock seedlings to build a garden" of the present invention. The three garden building methods are under the same site conditions, and 30 acres of each method are investigated. The production effects are shown in Table 1.

[0118] Table 1 Production effect of thin-shell walnut under different garden construction methods

[0119]

[0120] It can be seen from Table 1 that the use of the invention to establish a garden by high grafting of large rootstock seedlings significantly improves the efficiency of garden establishment. The transplant survival rate is higher than that of the other two methods, the seedling acclimatization time is significantly shorter than that of the other two methods, and the time to reach high yield is also shortened, and the seedling cost is significantly lower than the cost of establishing a garden by grafting large trees.

[0121] Example 5

[0122] Effects of different grafting methods on the survival rate of grafted walnut seedlings on large stock

[0123] The present invention investigates and statistics the commonly used "cut grafting after transplanting" and "bark grafting without transplanting" in the prior art, and compares them with the "bark grafting after transplanting" of the present invention. The three grafting methods are grafted at the same time, and 100 grafted seedlings are investigated for each method. The survival rates are shown in Table 2.

[0124] Table 2 Effects of different grafting methods on the survival rate of grafted walnut rootstock seedlings

[0125] Grafting method Number of grafted plants Survival rate% Cutting after transplanting 100 30％ Bark grafting after transplanting 100 96％ Not transplanted 100 26％

[0126] According to Table 2, the grafting survival rate of large rootstock seedlings after transplanting with bark grafting is significantly improved compared with cutting grafting after transplanting and bark grafting without transplanting, and the grafting survival rate can reach 96%.

[0127] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly establishing a garden by re-grafting after planting large-stock walnut seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) transplanting and planting large walnut seedlings as grafting rootstocks; the large walnut seedlings have a breast diameter of 6 to 9 cm; (2) collecting scions; (3) grafting in late April to early May, cutting the rootstock 1 to 1.2 m above the ground, using the bark grafting method, and symmetrically grafting two scions on each rootstock; (4) post-grafting management.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The thin-shell pecan seedlings are seedlings or surplus seedlings of poor varieties in an orchard, with branching points above 1.3m, straight trunks, and no diseases or insect pests.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The transplanting and planting is carried out from the time when leaves fall in autumn to before budding in the following spring, and the large seedlings are transplanted with soil balls; the diameter of the soil ball is 6 to 8 times the breast diameter of the large seedlings, and the height is 4 / 6 to 5 / 6 of the diameter.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large seedlings are heavily pruned before transplanting and planting, removing most of the branches and retaining some thick and short branches with full buds.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When transplanting and planting the large seedlings, they are planted flat in holes, with the upper surface of the soil ball being level with the hole surface.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the large seedlings are transplanted and planted, windbreaks are erected and fixed, and water management and pest and disease control are carried out.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scion is a one-year-old branch, which is pruned to a length of 8 to 9 cm and has 1 to 2 full buds 1 to 3 cm from the top.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The scion is collected in February to March, sealed with wax and stored at 2 to 6°C.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting method comprises: cutting the cortex at the edge of the stock cut downwards, with a length of 3-5 cm and a width determined by the thickness of the scion; cutting the scion into double wedge surfaces, with a long surface of 4-6 cm and a short surface of 2-3 cm, vertically inserting the scion into the stock cut, aligning the cambium, and wrapping the interface tightly with a grafting film.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The post-grafting management includes: removing buds and sprouts; erecting poles when branches grow to 50-60 cm; breaking the film when branches grow to 60-80 cm; topping and pruning when branches grow to 90-120 cm; and water and fertilizer management and disease and pest control.

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