Small sweet potato culture medium and ridge culture method

Abstract

The invention discloses a small sweet potato culture medium and a ridge culture method. The culture medium provided by the invention comprises a fermented cow dung mixture, 6 kg of a compound fertilizer, 5 kg of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 kg of potassium humate and 4 kg of calcium carbonate are added into each cubic meter of the fermented cow dung mixture, and the NPK ratio of the compound fertilizer is 15-8-15. The method comprises the following steps: ridging a small sweet potato field, forming a groove with the width of 15cm and the depth of 15cm in the top of the ridge, laying 4-5L of a culture medium in the groove according to the length of each meter, and mixing the culture medium with soil. Transplanting is conducted through a flat transplanting method, the seedling transplanting depth is 2 cm, the plant spacing is kept to be 20-25 cm, about 4000 plants are planted per mu, and harvesting is conducted after growing period management. The culture medium and the culture method provided by the invention can improve the soil pH, reduce the soil bulk density and improve the yield and commodity rate of the small sweet potatoes, and have application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato planting, and in particular to a sweet potato cultivation substrate and a ridge cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Sweet potatoes are a type of sweet potato. They are highly adaptable, high-yield and stable crops with strong stress resistance, drought resistance, barrenness resistance, and few diseases and pests. In recent years, they have been planted on a large scale in the hilly and mountainous areas in the south, achieving good social and economic benefits. However, most of the hilly and mountainous areas in the south are red and yellow soils with strong soil texture and acidity. In addition, there is a lot of rain, and the soil is severely compacted and has poor air permeability. Due to the good economic benefits of sweet potato planting, potato farmers apply a large amount of chemical fertilizers, especially single nitrogen fertilizers, to save costs and increase yields, which aggravates soil acidification, compaction, and organic matter decline, restricting the improvement of yield, quality and benefits, causing fertilizer loss and polluting the environment.

[0003] Traditional sweet potato cultivation causes soil acidification, compaction, and fertilizer loss, polluting the environment and restricting production and benefits. The soil organic matter content and soil fertilizer and water retention capacity are getting worse year by year, and its sustainable production capacity is weakening. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new methods for sweet potato cultivation to increase production and quality, improve the ecological environment, and achieve sustainable development of the sweet potato industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small sweet potato cultivation substrate and a ridge cultivation method, in order to improve the problems of soil acidification, compaction and fertilizer loss, decreased yield and benefit caused by traditional small sweet potato planting, and to achieve the purposes of increasing production and improving soil quality.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a cultivation substrate suitable for small sweet potatoes, the cultivation substrate comprises a fermented cow dung mixture, and compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium humate and calcium carbonate are added in an amount of 6, 5, 2 and 4 kilograms per cubic meter of the fermented cow dung mixture, respectively, wherein the NPK ratio of the compound fertilizer is 15-8-15.

[0006] Preferably, the fermented cow dung mixture is prepared by the following method:

[0007] According to weight parts, 60 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of filamentous fungi, and 10 parts of yeast were mixed to obtain a mixed bacterial agent;

[0008] Collect cow dung, dehydrate to obtain cow dung solid and cow dung liquid, and pre-ferment the cow dung solid for 5-7 days under natural conditions; take 50 parts of pig dung, 50 parts of distiller's grains and 20-30 parts of the cow dung liquid, mix them, and pre-ferment them for 5-7 days under natural conditions to obtain a pre-fermented pig dung and distiller's grains mixture;

[0009] According to volume, 40 parts of pre-fermented cow dung solids, 60 parts of pre-fermented pig manure and wine lees mixture, and 0.05 parts of mixed bacterial agent are mixed and naturally fermented at room temperature for 40 to 50 days; during the fermentation period, the temperature of the mixed material pile is detected, and when the temperature reaches between 55 and 65 degrees, the pile is turned and ventilated; after 30 days of fermentation, the C / N ratio and moisture content of the cow dung mixture are detected, and when the C / N ratio reaches 35 to 50 and the moisture content reaches between 40 and 60%, the fermentation is completed to obtain a fermented cow dung mixture.

[0010] The invention provides a ridge cultivation method for small sweet potatoes, and the small sweet potatoes are cultivated through the above-mentioned cultivation medium.

[0011] Preferably, the cultivation method comprises the following:

[0012] Ridges are made in the sweet potato field, and trenches with a width of 15 cm and a depth of 15 cm are opened on the top of the ridges. 4-5 liters of cultivation medium are spread in the trenches at a rate of per meter. After the cultivation medium is mixed with soil, it is covered with 5 cm of soil. The flat planting method is used for planting, with a planting depth of 2 cm and a plant spacing of 20-25 cm. 4,000 plants are planted per mu, and harvesting is carried out after management during the growing period.

[0013] Preferably, the seedlings in the above cultivation method are selected from small sweet potato seedlings with a stem thickness of more than 5 mm, a height of 20-25 cm, and more than 5 internodes. The planting is carried out in mid-April when the ground temperature is stable above 15°C, and the seedlings are planted in the soil with more than 4 nodes, leaving 1 leaf and terminal bud.

[0014] Preferably, the growth period management in the above cultivation method comprises:

[0015] Fertilizer and water management: After transplanting the live plants, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15-8-15 per mu. During the growth period, carry out shallow weeding and loosen the soil and build ridges once. When the soil at the base of the ridges cracks and the sweet potatoes are in the swelling stage, 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu is diluted with 50 kg of water for irrigation. In the following week, 45 kg of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied once. Water in time to replenish moisture in droughts, and remove waterlogging in time.

[0016] Vine management: When the vine grows to 60 cm, for those seedlings with vigorous stem and leaf growth, dark green leaves, too long petioles, and roots in the ground, timely lift and trim the vine tips to inhibit the excessive growth of stem and leaves;

[0017] Disease control: During the growth period, timely prevent and control black spot disease, underground pests, sweet potato hornworm and other pests and diseases.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0019] The present invention provides a small sweet potato cultivation substrate and a ridge cultivation method. In view of the problems of soil acidification, compaction, poor air permeability, decreased organic matter content, low yield, and poor commerciality in small sweet potato planting, a technical method for planting small sweet potatoes using ridge substrates is developed, a small sweet potato ridge substrate cultivation substrate is developed, and a technology for planting small sweet potatoes using a cultivation substrate is developed. The cultivation method is used to plant small sweet potatoes, improve and stabilize soil pH, reduce soil bulk density in the planting area by 10-12%, increase soil air permeability and organic matter content, promote soil microbial activity, and improve soil fertility and water retention. After transplanting, the small sweet potatoes survive early, the leaf color becomes darker, the yield is increased by 10-15%, the commerciality is improved, and the economic benefits of small sweet potato production are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart for preparing the fermented cow dung mixture.

[0021] Figure 2 The present invention shows the yield and commercial potato changes after adopting different cultivation methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Note: The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0024] Example 1 Preparation of small sweet potato cultivation substrate

[0025] 1. Preparation of mixed bacterial agent: According to weight parts, 60 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of filamentous fungi, and 10 parts of yeast are mixed to obtain a mixed bacterial agent.

[0026] 2. Preparation of fermented cow dung mixture: Reference Figure 1As shown, cow dung is collected, and after solid-liquid separation, the cow dung solid is pre-fermented for 5-7 days under natural conditions; 50 parts of pig dung, 50 parts of distiller's grains and 20-30 parts of separated cow dung liquid are mixed, and pre-fermented for 5-7 days under natural conditions to obtain a pre-fermented pig dung and distiller's grains mixture; 40 parts of pre-fermented cow dung solids, 60 parts of the pre-fermented pig dung and distiller's grains mixture, and 0.05 parts of a mixed bacterial agent are mixed according to volume, and naturally fermented for 40 to 50 days at room temperature; during this period, the temperature of the mixed material pile is detected, and when the temperature reaches between 55 and 65 degrees, the pile is turned and ventilated; after fermentation for 30 days, the C / N ratio and moisture content of the cow dung mixture are detected at intervals of 2-3 days, and when the C / N ratio reaches 35-50 and the moisture content reaches between 40 and 60%, the fermentation is completed to obtain a fermented cow dung mixture.

[0027] 3. Preparation of compound fertilizer: Use ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source fertilizer, potassium sulfate fertilizer and superphosphate fertilizer as phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prepare a compound fertilizer with an NPK content of 15:8:15.

[0028] 4. Preparation of cultivation substrate: fermented cow dung mixture, add compound fertilizer (NPK content is 15-8-15), calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium humate and calcium carbonate 6, 5, 2 and 4 kg per cubic meter respectively. The cultivation substrate production adopts the modern substrate production line, and the standard small sweet potato cultivation substrate is produced by feeding, mixing, sieving and packaging according to the proportion.

[0029] Example 2: Method for planting sweet potatoes using cultivation substrate

[0030] 1. Ridge making: In the field where the small sweet potato is planted, deep plowing is performed to 30 cm, and base fertilizer is applied, which is the above-mentioned compound fertilizer, 15 kg per mu. Ridge making is then performed, with a ridge height of 30 cm, a ridge top width of 20 cm, a ridge base width of 40 cm, and a furrow width of 20 cm. On the basis of land preparation and ridge making, grooves are opened on the top of the ridge, with a furrow width of 15 cm and a depth of 15 cm. The cultivation substrate prepared in Example 1 is filled in the grooves, and 4-5 liters of the cultivation substrate is laid per meter long. The cultivation substrate in the grooves is mixed with the soil in the ridges, and after mixing, it is covered with soil for about 5 cm.

[0031] 2. Planting of potato seedlings: Select strong small sweet potato seedlings with stems more than 5mm thick, potato seedlings (vine seedlings) 20-25cm tall, more than 5 internodes, and dark green leaves. Plant the small sweet potato seedlings on the top of the ridge using the flat planting method.

[0032] In spring, in mid-April, when the ground temperature is stable above 15℃, you can transplant. When planting, use the flat planting method, plant more than 4 nodes into the soil, leave 1 leaf and terminal bud outside, and plant seedlings 2 cm deep. The hole for inserting potato seedlings should be compacted and sealed tightly. The spacing between plants is 20-25 cm, and about 4,000 plants are planted per mu. After planting, water enough to establish roots, and check the seedlings and fill in the gaps one week after planting.

[0033] 3. Management during the growth period:

[0034] Fertilizer and water management: After transplanting the live plants, apply 10 kg of the above compound fertilizer per mu. During the growth period, shallow hoeing and weeding are carried out, and the soil is loosened and ridges are built once. When the soil at the base of the potato cracks and the sweet potato is in the swelling period, 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu is mixed with 50 kg of water for irrigation; in the following week, 45 kg of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied once. Water is applied in time to replenish moisture during drought, and remove waterlogging in time.

[0035] Vine management: When the vine grows to about 60 cm, for those seedlings with vigorous stem and leaf growth, dark green leaves, overly long petioles, and nodes with roots buried in the ground, the vines should be lifted and the tips pinched in time to inhibit the excessive growth of stems and leaves.

[0036] Disease and pest control: Keep an eye on the disease and insect pest situation during the growth period, and promptly prevent and control black spot disease, underground pests, sweet potato hornworm and other pests and diseases.

[0037] 4. Harvest: Harvest spring potatoes in time when the tubers reach commercial size and the quality of the small sweet potatoes is good.

[0038] Example 3: Verification of the application effect of the cultivation method

[0039] In order to verify the effect comparison between the cultivation method provided above and the conventional sweet potato planting method, the same piece of land with uniform soil fertility was selected in the Lin'an sweet potato planting base. The area was 120 square meters. Two acres of sweet potato planting land with the same geology were selected, and the ridge substrate cultivation method and the ridge traditional cultivation (control) were used for comparison.

[0040] The soil pH and soil bulk density were measured before and after planting, and the yield of small sweet potatoes and the commercial potato rate (including potato size and smoothness that met market requirements) of different planting methods were counted and calculated.

[0041] The results showed that the soil pH before planting was 4.7, the control after planting was 4.8, and the ridge cultivation was 5.3, an increase of 10.4%. The soil bulk density was 1.20 before planting, and decreased by 10.3% after ridge cultivation. The yield of small sweet potatoes and the commercial potato rate (size and finish meet market requirements) were measured, and the ridge cultivation increased the yield by 8.1% and the commercial rate by 22.5% compared with the traditional ridge cultivation. Figure 2 shown.

[0042] From the above, it can be seen that the ridge-planting matrix cultivation of sweet potatoes provided by the present invention has a stable soil pH value, which is suitable for the growth of sweet potatoes; the soil bulk density decreases, the soil organic matter content increases, the air permeability is enhanced, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is improved. The sweet potato tubers are smooth and uniform in size, the yield and commerciality are improved, and the output value of the sweet potatoes is significantly improved, which has application prospects in the field of sweet potato planting technology.

[0043] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation medium suitable for sweet potatoes, characterized in that: The growing medium contains the following components: The cow dung mixture is fermented, and compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium humate and calcium carbonate are added in an amount of 6, 5, 2 and 4 kg per cubic meter of the fermented cow dung mixture, wherein the NPK ratio of the compound fertilizer is 15-8-15.

2. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermented cow dung mixture is prepared by the following method: According to weight parts, 60 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of actinomycetes, 15 parts of filamentous fungi, and 10 parts of yeast were mixed to obtain a mixed bacterial agent; Collect cow dung, dehydrate to obtain cow dung solid and cow dung liquid, and pre-ferment the cow dung solid for 5-7 days under natural conditions; take 50 parts of pig dung, 50 parts of distiller's grains and mix them with 20-30 parts of the cow dung liquid, and pre-ferment them for 5-7 days under natural conditions to obtain a pre-fermented pig dung and distiller's grains mixture; According to volume, 40 parts of the pre-fermented cow dung solid, 60 parts of the pre-fermented pig manure and lees mixture, and 0.05 parts of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed and naturally fermented at room temperature for 40 to 50 days; during the fermentation period, the temperature of the mixed material pile is detected, and when the temperature reaches between 55 and 65 degrees, the pile is turned and ventilated; after 30 days of fermentation, the C / N ratio and moisture content of the cow dung mixture are detected, and when the C / N ratio reaches 35 to 50 and the moisture content reaches between 40 and 60%, the fermentation is completed to obtain a fermented cow dung mixture.

3. A method for cultivating small sweet potatoes in ridges, characterized in that: The sweet potato is cultivated by using the cultivation medium as described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cultivation method comprises: Ridges are made in the sweet potato field, and grooves with a width of 15 cm and a depth of 15 cm are opened on the top of the ridges. 4-5 liters of cultivation medium are laid in the grooves per meter long. After mixing the cultivation medium with soil, the soil is covered with 5 cm of soil. The flat planting method is used for planting, the seedling depth is 2 cm, the plant spacing is maintained at 20-25 cm, 4,000 plants are planted per mu, and harvesting is carried out after management during the growth period.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seedlings are small sweet potato seedlings with a stem thickness of more than 5 mm, a potato seedling height of 20-25 cm and more than 5 internodes.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transplanting is carried out in mid-April when the ground temperature is stably above 15°C, and the plants are planted in the soil with more than 4 nodes, leaving 1 leaf and terminal bud.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The growth period management includes: Fertilizer and water management: After transplanting the live plants, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 15-8-15 per mu. During the growth period, carry out shallow weeding and weeding, loosen the soil and build ridges once; When the soil at the base of the potato ridge cracks and the sweet potatoes are in the swelling stage, 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu is mixed with 50 kg of water for irrigation; one week later, 45 kg of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied once; water is applied in time to replenish moisture in droughts, and waterlogging is removed in time in case of waterlogging; Vine management: When the vine grows to 60 cm, for those seedlings with vigorous stem and leaf growth, dark green leaves, too long petioles, and roots in the ground, timely lift and trim the vine tips to inhibit the excessive growth of stem and leaves; Disease control: During the growth period, timely prevent and control black spot disease, underground pests, sweet potato hornworm and other pests and diseases.

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