Preparation method of soil improvement type microbial fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method of a soil improvement type microbial fertilizer, which is used for solving the problems that most of microbial fertilizers are poor in water retention capability and microbial activity, complex in preparation process and high in cost, and the effect of the microbial fertilizers in practical application is restricted. According to the preparation method, various raw materials are reasonably compounded, rich nutritional ingredients are provided for the soil improvement type microbial fertilizer, the load type complex microbial inoculants are added into the soil improvement type microbial fertilizer, the synergistic effect of various beneficial microorganisms can be achieved, and therefore the soil structure is effectively improved, the soil fertility is improved, and plant growth is promoted; the fertilizer has the advantages of good fertilizer holding capacity, degradability and water and fertilizer saving, the yield and quality of crops are finally improved, and the purpose of agricultural ecological environment protection is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and in particular to a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural production is facing problems such as declining soil fertility and environmental pollution. Improving soil nutrient utilization and improving soil structure and ecological environment have become urgent needs. Although traditional chemical fertilizers can significantly improve soil fertility in the short term, long-term or excessive use can easily lead to soil structure damage, environmental pollution, and affect the ecological environment.

[0003] Using microbial fertilizers to replace traditional chemical fertilizers has become an important way to improve soil. Microbial fertilizers can promote plant growth, inhibit the growth of pathogens, improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility. However, most existing microbial fertilizers have poor water retention and microbial activity, and the preparation process is complicated and costly, which restricts their effectiveness in practical applications.

[0004] Therefore, developing a method for preparing soil-improving microbial fertilizer has important practical significance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, which solves the problems that most microbial fertilizers have poor water retention capacity and microbial activity, and the preparation process is complicated and costly, which restricts their effectiveness in practical applications.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: weigh 50-60 parts of peat, 20-30 parts of corn bran, 8-14 parts of shell powder, 5-9 parts of attapulgite, 2.5-5.5 parts of urea, 1.7-2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6-1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-7.5 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.4-0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 45-55 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0009] Step 2: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly, and then granulating them with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer;

[0010] Wherein, the loaded composite bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0011] The composite bacterial agent powder and deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, and nitrogen is introduced for protection. The reaction is stirred for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min. Then, the enhanced wine lees biochar is added and the stirring reaction is continued for 2-3 hours. Then, the cellulose coating agent is added and the stirring reaction is continued for 30-40 minutes. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 30-35°C for 3-5 hours to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the usage ratio of the composite bacterial agent powder, deionized water, enhanced wine lees biochar and cellulose coating agent is 1-5g:50-60mL:10g:1.5-3.5g.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the composite bacterial agent powder is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1-1.5:1-2.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the effective viable bacteria count of the Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥ 20 billion CFU / g.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the effective viable bacterial count of the Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥ 10 billion CFU / g.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the effective live bacterial count of the Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥ 10 billion CFU / g.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the enhanced vinasse biochar is prepared by the following steps:

[0018] Step a1: placing the wine lees in a tube furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 3-4 hours at a temperature of 600-620°C and nitrogen protection, then cooling with the furnace, washing with distilled water 2-3 times, placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at a temperature of 80-85°C for 3-5 hours, and then crushing through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain wine lees biochar;

[0019] Step a2: Add distiller's grains biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then heat to 50-55°C and continue stirring and reacting for 4-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then centrifuge it, wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 2-3 times in turn, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, and dry it at a temperature of 80-85°C for 3-4 hours to obtain enhanced distiller's grains biochar.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: the dosage ratio of the vinasse biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water in step a2 is 5g:9-15g:100mL.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the cellulose coating agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0022] Step b1: adding corn straw powder and nitric acid solution to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stirring the mixture for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25° C. and a stirring rate of 300-400 r / min, then heating the mixture to 90-100° C. and continuing stirring the mixture for 4-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 2-3 times in sequence, then placed in a vacuum drying oven, and dried at a temperature of 70-75° C. for 2-3 hours to obtain straw cellulose;

[0023] Step b2: Add straw cellulose, acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, introduce nitrogen protection, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then heat to 70-75°C and continue stirring and reacting for 8-10 hours. After the reaction is completed, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then rotary evaporate to remove the solvent, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, dry it at a temperature of 60-65°C for 3-5 hours, and then crush it through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain a cellulose coating agent.

[0024] As a further solution of the present invention: the usage ratio of the corn stalk powder and the nitric acid solution in step b1 is 1 g: 20-25 mL.

[0025] As a further solution of the present invention: the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in step b1 is 10-15%.

[0026] As a further solution of the present invention: the usage ratio of the straw cellulose, acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and deionized water in step b2 is 10g:1.5-3.5g:0.4-0.8g:1-2g:0.5-0.9g:100-110mL.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] The invention discloses a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, a loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly; and then granulating the mixture through a granulator to obtain the soil-improving microbial fertilizer. The preparation method provides rich nutrients for the soil-improving microbial fertilizer by rationally compounding a plurality of raw materials; and the loaded composite bacterial agent is added into the soil-improving microbial fertilizer, so that the synergistic effect of a plurality of beneficial microorganisms can be achieved, thereby effectively improving the soil structure, increasing the soil fertility and promoting the growth of plants; the fertilizer-holding property, degradability and water and fertilizer-saving advantages are achieved, and the yield and quality of crops are finally improved, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the agricultural ecological environment.

[0029] In the process of preparing soil-improving microbial fertilizer, a loaded composite bacterial agent is first prepared. First, wine lees are used as raw materials for carbonization to form wine lees biochar. Then, the wine lees biochar is treated with potassium permanganate, which significantly increases the roughness of the surface of the wine lees biochar and the number of oxygen-containing functional groups, thereby improving the adsorption capacity of the wine lees biochar to obtain enhanced wine lees biochar. Then, corn straw powder is used as raw material for extraction to obtain straw cellulose. Then, the hydroxyl groups on the straw cellulose are grafted with the carboxyl groups on the acrylic acid, and the olefin groups are polymerized to form polyacrylic acid, which is cross-linked under the action of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide to form a cellulose coating agent with a high degree of cross-linking. Finally, the enhanced wine lees biochar is used to adsorb the composite bacterial agent powder, and the composite bacterial agent powder is introduced into the internal micropores and surface pits of the enhanced wine lees biochar. Then, it is coated under the action of the cellulose coating agent to obtain Loaded composite bacterial agent; distiller's grains are a by-product produced in the production process of liquor, rich in organic matter and a variety of nutrients. Their comprehensive utilization can achieve the purpose of turning waste into treasure, energy saving and environmental protection. In addition, distiller's grains biochar has a rich pore structure, which can improve the aeration and water retention of the soil and prevent soil compaction. It can also carry a large number of beneficial microorganisms, providing a good habitat for microorganisms, which is beneficial to protecting the activity of microorganisms and prolonging the survival time of bacteria in the soil. The synergistic effect of multiple beneficial microorganisms can promote the transformation and absorption of nutrients in the soil and improve soil fertility. After that, a cellulose coating agent is coated on its surface. The cellulose coating agent contains a large number of hydrophilic groups, which gives it excellent water absorption and water retention properties, can improve the soil's water retention capacity, and provide sufficient water for the growth of crops. It can effectively promote the root development and nutrient absorption of crops and improve the yield and quality of crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step S1: placing the wine lees in a tubular furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 3 hours at a temperature of 600°C and under nitrogen protection, then cooling with the furnace, washing with distilled water twice, placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at a temperature of 80°C for 3 hours, and then crushing through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain wine lees biochar;

[0034] Step S2: 5 g of vinasse biochar, 9 g of potassium permanganate and 100 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at a temperature of 20°C and a stirring rate of 300 r / min for 20 min, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C and the stirring reaction was continued for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 80°C for 3 h to obtain enhanced vinasse biochar;

[0035] Step S3: 1 g corn straw powder and 20 mL of 10% nitric acid solution are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture is stirred at 20° C. and 300 r / min for 20 min, and then the mixture is heated to 90° C. and stirred for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 70° C. for 2 h to obtain straw cellulose.

[0036] Step S4: 10 g of straw cellulose, 1.5 g of acrylic acid, 0.4 g of potassium hydroxide, 1 g of potassium persulfate, 0.5 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 100 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air guide tube, and nitrogen is introduced for protection. The mixture is stirred for reaction at a temperature of 20° C. and a stirring rate of 300 r / min for 20 min, and then the mixture is heated to 70° C. and stirred for reaction for 8 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature, and then the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The mixture is then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 60° C. for 3 h, and then crushed through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain a cellulose coating agent;

[0037] Step S5: adding 1g of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus megaterium powder, and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and an air duct, and introducing nitrogen protection, stirring and reacting for 20 minutes at a temperature of 20°C and a stirring rate of 300r / min, then adding 10g of enhanced lees biochar and continuing to stir and react for 2 hours, then adding 1.5g of cellulose coating agent and continuing to stir and react for 30 minutes, after the reaction is completed, placing the reaction product in a vacuum drying oven, and drying it at a temperature of 30°C for 3 hours to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥20 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g;

[0038] Step S6: weigh 50 parts of peat, 20 parts of corn bran, 8 parts of shell powder, 5 parts of attapulgite, 2.5 parts of urea, 1.7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 parts of zinc sulfate and 45 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0039] Step S7: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing evenly, and then granulating with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step S1: placing the wine lees in a tubular furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 3.5 hours at a temperature of 610° C. and nitrogen protection, then cooling with the furnace, washing with distilled water twice, placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at a temperature of 82° C. for 4 hours, and then crushing through a 90-mesh sieve to obtain wine lees biochar;

[0043] Step S2: 5 g of vinasse biochar, 12 g of potassium permanganate and 100 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred at 22° C. and a stirring rate of 350 r / min for 25 min, and then the mixture was heated to 52° C. and the stirring reaction was continued for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 82° C. for 3.5 h to obtain enhanced vinasse biochar;

[0044] Step S3: 1 g corn straw powder and 22 mL of 12% nitric acid solution are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture is stirred at 22° C. and 350 r / min for 25 min, and then the mixture is heated to 95° C. and stirred for 4.5 h. After the reaction, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 72° C. for 2.5 h to obtain straw cellulose.

[0045] Step S4: 10 g of straw cellulose, 2.5 g of acrylic acid, 0.6 g of potassium hydroxide, 1.5 g of potassium persulfate, 0.7 g of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 105 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air guide tube, and nitrogen was introduced for protection. The mixture was stirred for reaction at a temperature of 22° C. and a stirring rate of 350 r / min for 25 min, and then the mixture was heated to 72° C. and stirred for reaction for 9 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and then the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation. The mixture was then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 62° C. for 4 h, and then crushed through a 45-mesh sieve to obtain a cellulose coating agent;

[0046] Step S5: adding 3g of a composite bacterial agent powder prepared by mixing 3g of Bacillus subtilis powder, 3g of Bacillus megaterium powder and 3g of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1.2:1.5 and 55mL of deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, introducing nitrogen protection, stirring and reacting for 25min at a temperature of 22°C and a stirring rate of 350r / min, then adding 10g of enhanced lees biochar and continuing to stir and react for 2.5h, then adding 2.5g of a cellulose coating agent and continuing to stir and react for 35min, and after the reaction, placing the reaction product in a vacuum drying oven and drying it at a temperature of 32°C for 4h to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥20 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g;

[0047] Step S6: weigh 55 parts of peat, 25 parts of corn bran, 11 parts of shell powder, 7 parts of attapulgite, 4 parts of urea, 1.9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.9 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.2 parts of zinc sulfate and 50 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0048] Step S7: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing evenly, and then granulating with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0049] Embodiment 3:

[0050] This embodiment is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step S1: placing the wine lees in a tubular furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 4 hours at a temperature of 620°C under nitrogen protection, then cooling with the furnace, washing with distilled water for 3 times, placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at a temperature of 85°C for 5 hours, and then crushing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain wine lees biochar;

[0052] Step S2: 5 g of vinasse biochar, 15 g of potassium permanganate and 100 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at 25°C and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min, and then heated to 55°C and continued to stir for 5 h. After the reaction, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 85°C for 4 h to obtain enhanced vinasse biochar;

[0053] Step S3: 1 g corn straw powder and 25 mL of 15% nitric acid solution are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture is stirred at 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min, and then the mixture is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 5 h. After the reaction, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 75° C. for 3 h to obtain straw cellulose;

[0054] Step S4: 10 g of straw cellulose, 3.5 g of acrylic acid, 0.8 g of potassium hydroxide, 2 g of potassium persulfate, 0.9 g of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 110 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air guide tube, and nitrogen is introduced for protection. The mixture is stirred and reacted for 30 min at a temperature of 25 ° C and a stirring rate of 400 r / min, and then the mixture is heated to 75 ° C and stirred and reacted for 10 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature, and then the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. Then, the mixture is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 65 ° C for 5 h, and then crushed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a cellulose coating agent;

[0055] Step S5: adding 5g of a composite bacterial agent powder prepared by mixing 5g of Bacillus subtilis powder, 5g of Bacillus megaterium powder and 5g of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:2 and 60mL of deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, introducing nitrogen protection, stirring and reacting for 30min at a temperature of 25°C and a stirring rate of 400r / min, then adding 10g of enhanced lees biochar and continuing to stir and react for 3h, then adding 3.5g of a cellulose coating agent and continuing to stir and react for 40min, and after the reaction, placing the reaction product in a vacuum drying oven and drying it at a temperature of 35°C for 5h to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥20 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g;

[0056] Step S6: weigh 60 parts of peat, 30 parts of corn bran, 14 parts of shell powder, 9 parts of attapulgite, 5.5 parts of urea, 2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 7.5 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 55 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0057] Step S7: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing evenly, and then granulating with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0058] Comparative Example 1:

[0059] This comparative example is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Step S1: weigh 60 parts of peat, 30 parts of corn bran, 14 parts of shell powder, 9 parts of attapulgite, 5.5 parts of urea, 2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 55 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0061] Step S2: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly, and then granulating them with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0062] Comparative Example 2:

[0063] This comparative example is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step S1: weigh 60 parts of peat, 30 parts of corn bran, 14 parts of shell powder, 9 parts of attapulgite, 5.5 parts of urea, 2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 7.5 parts of composite bacterial agent powder mixed with Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:2, 0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 55 parts of water, and set aside; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥20 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g;

[0065] Step S2: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, composite bacterial agent powder, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly, and then granulating them with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0066] Comparative Example 3:

[0067] This comparative example is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0068] Step S1: placing the wine lees in a tubular furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 4 hours at a temperature of 620°C under nitrogen protection, then cooling with the furnace, washing with distilled water for 3 times, placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at a temperature of 85°C for 5 hours, and then crushing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain wine lees biochar;

[0069] Step S2: 5 g of vinasse biochar, 15 g of potassium permanganate and 100 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at 25°C and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min, and then heated to 55°C and continued to stir for 5 h. After the reaction, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 85°C for 4 h to obtain enhanced vinasse biochar;

[0070] Step S3: 5 g of a composite bacterial agent powder prepared by mixing 5 g of Bacillus subtilis powder, 5 g of Bacillus megaterium powder and 5 g of Bacillus colloids powder in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:2 and 60 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, and nitrogen is introduced for protection. The mixture is stirred for reaction at a temperature of 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min, and then 10 g of enhanced lees biochar is added and the stirring reaction is continued for 3 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 35° C. for 5 h to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥20 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus colloids powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g;

[0071] Step S4: weigh 60 parts of peat, 30 parts of corn bran, 14 parts of shell powder, 9 parts of attapulgite, 5.5 parts of urea, 2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 7.5 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 55 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0072] Step S5: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly, and then granulating them with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0073] Comparative Example 4:

[0074] This comparative example is a method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0075] Step S1: 1 g corn straw powder and 25 mL of 15% nitric acid solution are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture is stirred at 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min, and then the mixture is heated to 100° C. and stirred for 5 h. After the reaction, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed three times with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 75° C. for 3 h to obtain straw cellulose;

[0076] Step S2: 10 g of straw cellulose, 3.5 g of acrylic acid, 0.8 g of potassium hydroxide, 2 g of potassium persulfate, 0.9 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 110 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air guide tube, and nitrogen is introduced for protection. The mixture is stirred and reacted for 30 min at a temperature of 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min. The mixture is then heated to 75° C. and stirred and reacted for 10 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature, and then the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation. The mixture is then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 65° C. for 5 h, and then crushed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain a cellulose coating agent.

[0077] Step S3: Add 5g of a composite bacterial agent powder prepared by mixing 5g of Bacillus subtilis powder, 5g of Bacillus megaterium powder and 5g of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:2 and 60mL of deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air guide tube, introduce nitrogen protection, stir and react for 3h at a temperature of 25°C and a stirring rate of 400r / min, then add 3.5g of a cellulose coating agent and continue stirring and reacting for 40min. After the reaction is completed, place the reaction product in a vacuum drying oven and dry it at a temperature of 35°C for 5h to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥20 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g; wherein the effective viable count of Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g;

[0078] Step S4: weigh 60 parts of peat, 30 parts of corn bran, 14 parts of shell powder, 9 parts of attapulgite, 5.5 parts of urea, 2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 7.5 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 55 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside;

[0079] Step S5: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly, and then granulating them with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer.

[0080] Performance Test:

[0081] In the same test area, 8 standard test fields were divided, and the area of ​​the standard test field was 1 mu. One of the standard test fields was used as a control group, and the remaining 7 standard test fields were used as test groups. The soil-improving microbial fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were respectively applied as base fertilizers to the standard test fields of the 7 test groups, with an application rate of 100 kg. 150 g of Chinese cabbage seeds (variety: early maturing No. 5) were evenly planted in the 8 standard test fields, and weighed and tested after harvest.

[0082] The test results are shown in the following table:

[0083] sample Yield of control group, kg Yield increase rate (compared with control group), % Example 1 4116 20.18 Example 2 4204 22.75 Example 3 4284 25.09 Comparative Example 1 3741 9.22 Comparative Example 2 3951 15.35 Comparative Example 3 4038 17.89 Comparative Example 4 4087 19.34 Control group 3425

[0084] Referring to the data in the above table, based on the comparison between Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-4 and the control group, it can be seen that the soil-improving microbial fertilizer of the present application has an excellent effect of increasing production and volume.

[0085] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0086] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined in this application, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil-improving microbial fertilizer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: weigh 50-60 parts of peat, 20-30 parts of corn bran, 8-14 parts of shell powder, 5-9 parts of attapulgite, 2.5-5.5 parts of urea, 1.7-2.1 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.6-1.2 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-7.5 parts of loaded composite bacterial agent, 0.4-0.6 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.3 parts of zinc sulfate and 45-55 parts of water according to weight parts, and set aside; Step 2: adding peat, corn bran, shell powder, attapulgite, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, loaded composite bacterial agent, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and water into a mixer and mixing them evenly, and then granulating them with a granulator to obtain a soil-improving microbial fertilizer; Wherein, the loaded composite bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: The composite bacterial agent powder and deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, and nitrogen is introduced for protection. The reaction is stirred for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min. Then, the enhanced wine lees biochar is added and the stirring reaction is continued for 2-3 hours. Then, the cellulose coating agent is added and the stirring reaction is continued for 30-40 minutes. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 30-35°C for 3-5 hours to obtain a loaded composite bacterial agent.

2. A method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of the composite bacterial agent powder, deionized water, enhanced vinasse biochar and cellulose coating agent is 1-5g: 50-60mL: 10g: 1.5-3.5g.

3. A method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite bacterial agent powder is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus mucilaginosus powder in a mass ratio of 1:1-1.5:1-2.

4. A method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The effective viable bacterial count of the Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥ 20 billion CFU / g; The effective viable bacterial count of the Bacillus megaterium powder is ≥ 10 billion CFU / g; The effective live bacterial count of the Bacillus subtilis powder is ≥10 billion CFU / g.

5. The method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enhanced vinasse biochar is prepared by the following steps: Step a1: placing the wine lees in a tube furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing for 3-4 hours at a temperature of 600-620°C and nitrogen protection, then cooling with the furnace, washing with distilled water 2-3 times, placing in a vacuum drying oven, drying at a temperature of 80-85°C for 3-5 hours, and then crushing through an 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain wine lees biochar; Step a2: Add distiller's grains biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then heat to 50-55°C and continue stirring and reacting for 4-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then centrifuge it, wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 2-3 times in turn, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, and dry it at a temperature of 80-85°C for 3-4 hours to obtain enhanced distiller's grains biochar.

6. The method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of the vinasse biochar, potassium permanganate and deionized water in step a2 is 5g:9-15g:100mL.

7. The method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cellulose coating agent is prepared by the following steps: Step b1: adding corn straw powder and nitric acid solution to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stirring the mixture for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25° C. and a stirring rate of 300-400 r / min, then heating the mixture to 90-100° C. and continuing stirring the mixture for 4-5 hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 2-3 times in sequence, then placed in a vacuum drying oven, and dried at a temperature of 70-75° C. for 2-3 hours to obtain straw cellulose; Step b2: Add straw cellulose, acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer and an air duct, introduce nitrogen protection, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then heat to 70-75°C and continue stirring and reacting for 8-10 hours. After the reaction is completed, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then rotary evaporate to remove the solvent, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, dry it at a temperature of 60-65°C for 3-5 hours, and then crush it through a 40-50 mesh sieve to obtain a cellulose coating agent.

8. The method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The usage ratio of the corn stalk powder and the nitric acid solution in step b1 is 1 g: 20-25 mL.

9. The method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in step b1 is 10-15%.

10. The method for preparing a soil improving microbial fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The usage ratio of the straw cellulose, acrylic acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and deionized water in step b2 is 10g: 1.5-3.5g: 0.4-0.8g: 1-2g: 0.5-0.9g: 100-110mL.