Micro-lubrication friction and resistance reduction method of fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid

Abstract

The invention relates to a micro-lubrication friction and resistance reduction method of a fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid, and belongs to the field of metal cutting process methods and cutting lubrication. According to the method, through the steps of compressed air adjustment, fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid blending, oil-water mixing adjustment, three-phase mixed cutting fluid preparation, atomization spraying and the like, stable and tiny oil film water-drop-attached liquid drops are formed and accurately sprayed to a cutting area. The fullerene nanosphere particles can form a nano rolling boundary lubricating film with high bearing capacity and low shear strength on a tool-workpiece / chip contact interface due to unique properties, so that the friction coefficient is remarkably reduced, and the tool wear is reduced. Meanwhile, efficient cooling is achieved through the oil film water drop attaching technology, cuttings are blown away through high-pressure spraying, and tool abrasion and machining quality reduction caused by accumulation are avoided. According to the method, an efficient and accurate lubricating, friction-reducing and resistance-reducing solution is provided for metal cutting machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal cutting processing method and cutting lubrication, and specifically relates to a micro-lubrication friction reduction and resistance reduction method of fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid. Background Art

[0002] For high-performance metal difficult-to-process materials that can be cut in the aerospace field, they have the characteristics of high hardness, high toughness, and high wear resistance. These characteristics mean that the material can absorb more energy when subjected to force instead of brittle fracture. Although this characteristic is beneficial to the performance of the material, it will increase the burden on the tool during processing, increase the cutting force, and cause the tool to wear or damage faster. The high hardness of the cut material requires the tool to withstand greater cutting force and friction during the cutting process, which not only affects the quality of the cutting surface processing, such as scales, surface roughness and other anti-failure capabilities; it also accelerates the wear / breakage of the tool, such as chipping and fracture. This shortens the life of the tool.

[0003] Spherical fullerene C60 is a stable molecule formed by the combination of 60 carbon atoms. The structure of a single molecule C60 is a spherical hollow sphere structure particle, which is not only very stable but also extremely strong. On the one hand, spherical fullerene C60 nanoparticles have a "ball bearing"-like effect under the action of friction, converting sliding friction into rolling friction; on the other hand, the research team found that the surface energy of nanoparticles can enhance the viscosity of the lubricating film. In summary, spherical fullerene C60 as a micro-lubricant can change the friction characteristics between the contact surface of the tool and the workpiece, reduce friction, improve wear resistance, effectively delay tool wear, and improve cutting performance and processing efficiency.

[0004] The ball bearing effect refers to the introduction of small spherical or cylindrical particles between two contact surfaces. These particles roll between the contact surfaces. Under the same contact pressure and material conditions, the rolling friction is significantly smaller than the sliding friction, reducing friction and wear. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the "friction pair surface" mentioned in the figure refers to two surfaces that are in contact and move relative to each other. In mechanical systems, the friction between these surfaces can cause energy loss and wear. Spherical fullerene C60 nanoparticles act as an isolation between the two contact surfaces, preventing direct sliding contact. These molecules roll relative to each other between the friction pair surfaces, thus playing a role similar to that of a ball bearing, effectively reducing friction and wear.

[0005] The application of fullerene nanoparticles in the micro-lubrication technology will greatly improve the lubrication effect of the tool and the workpiece. The micro-lubrication technology is to mix the compressed gas with a very small amount of lubricating liquid, and then spray it into the processing area to lubricate the processing part between the tool and the workpiece, and use the compressed air to blow away the debris. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, after the introduction of fullerene nanoparticles, the nano-scale fullerene particles in the cutting fluid can directly enter the cutting area, fill the tool-workpiece / chip contact interface, and more easily penetrate into the tiny scratches or knife marks in the cutting area. These fullerene particles can fill the tiny gaps between the tool and the workpiece contact surface and form a lubricating film on the surface, thereby reducing friction and providing a more adequate lubrication effect, thereby effectively inhibiting tool wear.

[0006] Oil-based water droplet technology is based on the minimal lubrication technology, adding a small amount of water to enhance the cooling effect. Through the mixed atomization of compressed air, a small amount of cutting fluid, fullerene nanoparticles and a small amount of water, oil-based water droplets containing fullerene are formed. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, fullerene nanoparticles are dispersed and dissolved in oil-based cutting fluid. After being mixed with water and atomized, the hydrophilic groups of the oil molecules face inwards and the hydrophobic groups face outwards, wrapping the water droplets to form oil-based water droplets. The water is rapidly vaporized under the high temperature of the cutting area, thereby absorbing a large amount of heat in the cutting area. Compared with traditional micro-lubrication technology, better cooling effect can be achieved.

[0007] like Figure 4 As shown, the atomized oil-based water droplets can be adsorbed on the metal surface. After the water vaporizes, the fullerene nanoparticle cutting fluid forms a lubricating film on the metal surface, which not only has a good lubrication effect, but also converts the sliding friction into rolling friction through the micro-rolling effect of the fullerene nanoparticles, further reducing friction and wear, and significantly improving the service life of the tool and processing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems of cutting and processing of high-performance metal difficult-to-process materials in the field of aerospace, and to provide a micro-lubrication and friction reduction and drag reduction method of fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid. The method achieves efficient lubrication and cooling of the cutting area by accurately controlling the mixing ratio and atomization effect of compressed air, cutting fluid and water, thereby reducing the intermittent cutting and edge collapse of the tool, extending the tool life, improving the processing surface quality, and improving production efficiency.

[0009] A method for reducing friction and drag of a micro-lubrication cutting fluid using fullerene C60 nanosphere particles, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1) Compressed air supply and regulation: Connect the compressed air source to the air volume regulating valve, and then connect it to the nozzle through the main channel; by adjusting the air volume regulating valve, control the flow and pressure of the compressed air to ensure effective atomization and injection of the cutting fluid;

[0011] 2) Preparation of fullerene nanosphere cutting fluid: Add an appropriate amount of fullerene nanosphere particles to the basic cutting fluid, and ensure that the fullerene nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the cutting fluid by stirring or ultrasonic dispersion;

[0012] 3) Oil-water mixing and adjustment: The prepared fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid is sent into the oil-water mixer through the oil pump, and the water is sent into the oil-water mixer through the water pump; the mixing ratio of the cutting fluid and water is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the oil pump and the water pump;

[0013] 4) Preparation of three-phase mixed cutting fluid: compressed air enters the main channel through the gas volume regulating valve, and the oil-water mixture is sent into the compressed air through the liquid volume regulating valve; the kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas is used to fully mix the cutting fluid, water and compressed air to form a three-phase mixed cutting fluid;

[0014] 5) Atomization and spraying: The three-phase mixed cutting fluid reaches the nozzle through the atomization pipe, where it undergoes secondary atomization to form stable tiny droplets. The hydrophilic groups of the oil molecules combine with the surface of the water droplets, and multiple oil droplets are orderly arranged on the surface of the water droplets to form an oil film, achieving the form of oil film attached to water droplets. These tiny droplets are precisely sprayed onto the cutting area under the action of compressed air.

[0015] In the present invention, during the cutting process, the fullerene nanosphere particles can easily fill into the tiny gaps at the tool-workpiece / chip contact interface due to their nanoscale and spherical structure, forming a "nano-rolling" boundary lubrication film with high load-bearing capacity and low shear strength. This lubrication film can significantly reduce the friction coefficient, reduce tool wear and chipping.

[0016] At the same time, the oil film with water droplet technology uses water evaporation to remove the heat from the cutting area, achieving efficient cooling. The high-pressure spray can also blow away the chips on the cutting edge in time, avoiding tool wear and reduced processing quality caused by chip accumulation.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:

[0018] 1. The combination of the "ball bearing" effect of fullerene nanosphere particles and the oil film attached water droplet technology makes them more evenly dispersed in the three-phase mixed cutting fluid and effectively reach the cutting area, thereby better utilizing the characteristics of fullerene nanosphere particles to form a stable and evenly covered molecular lubrication film on the cutting edge surface, achieving efficient lubrication of the cutting area and significantly reducing the friction coefficient and tool wear.

[0019] 2. Compared with the traditional method of using pouring cutting fluid, the present invention achieves the same cooling effect and better lubrication effect, and greatly reduces the usage of fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid, achieving green environmental protection and cost reduction effects.

[0020] 3. The present invention uses the oil film attached to water droplet technology of fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid, which can effectively reduce the wear and chipping of the tool in view of the complexity of the tool-workpiece / chip contact interface in three-dimensional space during cutting processing.

[0021] 4. The present invention improves cutting speed and processing quality, prolongs tool life and reduces production costs by optimizing the lubrication and cooling effects of the cutting area.

[0022] 5. The present invention can be widely used in the field of cutting processing, and has the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection. It is of great significance to improve the technical level of high-performance metal cutting processing in the aerospace field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the "ball bearing" effect.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the role of C60 fullerene nanoparticles in the cutting process.

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of oil-based water droplets.

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of oil-based water droplet. Schematic diagram of water droplet, oil film and workpiece surface in oil-based water droplet technology.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the nickel-based alloy turning method under the cooling and lubrication conditions of oil-based water-droplet cutting fluid in specific embodiment 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. On the contrary, the present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

[0029] 1. Material preparation

[0030] Fullerene C60 nanosphere particles: High-purity and uniform-size fullerene C60 nanosphere particles are selected, and the particle size range is controlled between 10-50 nanometers to ensure good dispersibility and stability in the cutting fluid.

[0031] Basic cutting fluid: Choose basic cutting fluid suitable for high-performance metal cutting, such as synthetic esters, polyethylene glycols or vegetable oil-based cutting fluids, which have good lubricity, cooling properties and biodegradability.

[0032] Water: Use deionized water or purified water to avoid the influence of impurities in the water on the performance of the cutting fluid and the cutting effect.

[0033] Compressed air: Ensure that the compressed air is dry, clean and oil-free to avoid contamination of the cutting fluid and the cutting process.

[0034] 2. Equipment Configuration

[0035] Air volume regulating valve: used to adjust the flow and pressure of compressed air to ensure effective atomization and injection of cutting fluid.

[0036] Oil pump and water pump: used to transport cutting fluid and water respectively. The mixing ratio of cutting fluid and water can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the pump.

[0037] Oil-water mixer: Mix cutting fluid and water to ensure that the two are evenly mixed to form a stable oil-water mixture.

[0038] Atomization pipe and nozzle: The atomization pipe is used to transport the three-phase mixed cutting fluid to the nozzle, and the nozzle is responsible for further atomizing the mixed cutting fluid to form tiny droplets.

[0039] Control system: including flow controller, pressure sensor and temperature sensor, etc., used to monitor and adjust the flow, pressure, temperature and other parameters of the cutting fluid in real time.

[0040] 3. Methods and Steps

[0041] Cutting fluid preparation: Add an appropriate amount of fullerene C60 nanosphere particles to the basic cutting fluid, and use an ultrasonic disperser or high-speed stirrer to disperse it to ensure that the fullerene nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the cutting fluid.

[0042] Oil-water mixing: The prepared fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid is sent into the oil-water mixer through the oil pump, and the deionized water is sent into the oil-water mixer through the water pump. By adjusting the flow of the oil pump and the water pump, the mixing ratio of the cutting fluid and water is controlled to achieve the best lubrication and cooling effect.

[0043] Compressed air regulation: Open the air source, adjust the air volume regulating valve, and control the flow and pressure of the compressed air. Ensure that the compressed air can fully atomize the cutting fluid and spray it accurately into the cutting area.

[0044] Preparation of three-phase mixed cutting fluid: Mix the adjusted compressed air, cutting fluid and water through an oil-water mixer to form a three-phase mixed cutting fluid. The kinetic energy of high-pressure gas is used to achieve full mixing and uniform distribution of cutting fluid, water and compressed air.

[0045] Atomization and spraying: The three-phase mixed cutting fluid is transported to the nozzle through the atomization pipeline, and secondary atomization occurs in the nozzle to form stable tiny droplets. These tiny droplets are sprayed into the cutting area at high speed and evenly under the action of compressed air to achieve efficient lubrication and cooling.

[0046] Monitoring and adjustment: The control system monitors the flow, pressure, temperature and other parameters of the cutting fluid in real time, and makes real-time adjustments based on processing requirements and cutting effects to ensure the stability and efficiency of the cutting process.

[0047] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0048] During the cutting process, the workpiece / chip surface and tool surface are uneven on a microscopic scale. Due to the nanoscale size and spherical structure of fullerene nanosphere particles, they are easy to flow to the sliding friction zone of the tool-workpiece / chip contact interface during the cutting process, filling the pores between the peak point contact surfaces, forming one or more layers of molecular "nano-rolling" boundary lubrication film with high load-bearing capacity and low shear strength, playing a role in lubrication and friction reduction. Reducing the normal stress on the tool tip reduces the tool-chip friction impact and process system vibration impact, which helps to slow down the tool tip chipping phenomenon.

[0049] Oil-based water droplets belong to the micro-lubrication efficiency enhancement technology. It has the characteristics of micro-lubrication. It can use air pressure to make the cutting fluid reach the cutting area better. After the particles of oil-based water droplet cutting fluid reach the surface of the workpiece, the oil film wrapped on the surface of the water droplets will break and gather on the surface of the workpiece to form a new layer of oil film. At the same time, the evaporation of water will take away the heat in the processing area. The high-pressure spray can also blow away the chips on the cutting edge of the hob. Compared with ordinary micro-lubrication technology, oil film with water droplet technology has a better cooling effect and produces less smoke and dust.

[0050] The combination of the "ball bearing" effect of fullerene nanosphere particles and the oil film attached water droplet technology significantly reduces the friction coefficient and tool wear in the cutting area, and improves cutting efficiency and processing quality. Water evaporation takes away the heat in the cutting area, achieving efficient cooling and avoiding tool damage and workpiece deformation caused by high temperature during the cutting process. Compared with the traditional cutting fluid pouring method, the present invention greatly reduces the amount of cutting fluid used, reduces environmental pollution and energy consumption, and meets the requirements of green manufacturing. By optimizing the cutting process, the tool life is extended, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefits of the enterprise are improved.

[0051] The present invention discloses a micro-lubrication friction reduction and drag reduction method using fullerene C60 nano-sphere particle cutting fluid. The fullerene nano-particle cutting fluid is used in the form of an oil-water-gas three-phase mixed cutting fluid. The method is to mix a trace amount of cutting fluid and a small amount of water in an oil-water mixer. An air compressor sends high-pressure air into a main channel through a pipeline and an air volume regulating valve, sends the oil-water mixture into the high-pressure air flow through a liquid volume regulating valve, mixes with the gas to form a three-phase fluid, and sprays the mist-like fluid at high speed to a cutting area through multiple nozzles.

[0052] The atomized fluid can be adsorbed on the metal surface to form a lubricating film, and help fullerene nanoparticles fill tiny gaps to play a role in reducing friction and resistance. At the same time, the water in the three-phase mixed cutting fluid is rapidly vaporized under the high temperature of the cutting area, thereby absorbing a large amount of heat in the cutting area and obtaining a good cooling effect. The present invention can be widely used in the field of cutting processing, and has the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for turning a nickel-based alloy under cooling and lubricating conditions of an oil-based water-drop cutting fluid, comprising the following steps:

[0055] 1. Fix the workpiece on the machine tool table

[0056] 2. Add an appropriate amount of fullerene C60 nanosphere particles to the basic cutting fluid and disperse them using an ultrasonic disperser or a high-speed stirrer to ensure that the fullerene nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the cutting fluid.

[0057] 3. Send the prepared fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid into the oil-water mixer through the oil pump, and send deionized water into the oil-water mixer through the water pump. Control the mixing ratio of cutting fluid and water to be 10:1.

[0058] 4. Compressed air with a delivery pressure of 0.3Mpa forms a three-phase mixed cutting fluid with cutting fluid and water. The three-phase mixed cutting fluid is delivered to the nozzle through the atomization pipeline, and secondary atomization occurs in the nozzle to form stable tiny droplets. Under the action of compressed air, these tiny droplets are sprayed into the cutting area at a high speed and evenly to achieve efficient lubrication and cooling.

[0059] 5. Set the cutting speed to 80m / min, the feed speed to 0.1mm / r and the cutting depth to 0.25mm, and start the processing machine to cut the nickel-based alloy workpiece.

[0060] In this embodiment, the cutting effects of conventional MQL technology, pouring lubrication cooling method and dry cutting under the same cutting parameters are compared. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from Table 1, the cutting force of Example 1 of the present invention is the lowest, which is 76.88 N. This shows that under the same cutting parameters, the cutting method adopted in Example 1 performs best in reducing the cutting force. The cutting method adopted in Example 1 performs best in reducing the cutting force, which helps to reduce tool wear, improve machining accuracy and extend tool life.

[0064] In summary, the present invention forms stable and tiny oil film with water droplets and accurately sprays them into the cutting area through the steps of compressed air regulation, fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid preparation, oil-water mixing regulation, three-phase mixed cutting fluid preparation and atomization spraying. Due to its unique properties, fullerene nanosphere particles can form a "nano-rolling" boundary lubrication film with high load-bearing capacity and low shear strength at the tool-workpiece / chip contact interface, significantly reducing the friction coefficient and reducing tool wear. At the same time, the oil film with water droplet technology achieves efficient cooling, and the high-pressure spray blows away the chips, avoiding tool wear and reduced processing quality caused by accumulation. The method provides an efficient and precise lubrication, friction reduction and drag reduction solution for metal cutting. The method of the present invention shows the best cutting effect under the same cutting parameters, especially in reducing cutting force.

[0065] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A micro-lubrication method for reducing friction and drag of fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) Compressed air supply and regulation: Connect the compressed air source to the air volume regulating valve, and then connect it to the nozzle through the main channel; by adjusting the air volume regulating valve, control the flow and pressure of the compressed air to ensure effective atomization and injection of the cutting fluid; 2) Preparation of fullerene nanosphere cutting fluid: Add an appropriate amount of fullerene nanosphere particles to the basic cutting fluid, and ensure that the fullerene nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the cutting fluid by stirring or ultrasonic dispersion; 3) Oil-water mixing and adjustment: The prepared fullerene nanosphere particle cutting fluid is sent into the oil-water mixer through the oil pump, and the water is sent into the oil-water mixer through the water pump; the mixing ratio of the cutting fluid and water is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the oil pump and the water pump; 4) Preparation of three-phase mixed cutting fluid: compressed air enters the main channel through the gas volume regulating valve, and the oil-water mixture is sent into the compressed air through the liquid volume regulating valve; the kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas is used to fully mix the cutting fluid, water and compressed air to form a three-phase mixed cutting fluid; 5) Atomization and spraying: The three-phase mixed cutting fluid reaches the nozzle through the atomization pipe, and secondary atomization occurs in the nozzle to form stable tiny droplets; The hydrophilic group of the oil molecule combines with the surface of the water droplet, and multiple oil droplets are arranged in an orderly manner on the surface of the water droplet to form an oil film, achieving the form of oil film attached to water droplets; these tiny droplets are precisely sprayed into the cutting area under the action of compressed air.

2. The micro-lubrication friction reduction and drag reduction method of fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: During the cutting process, fullerene nanosphere particles can easily fill into the tiny gaps at the tool-workpiece / chip contact interface due to their nanoscale and spherical structure, forming a "nano-rolling" boundary lubrication film with high load-bearing capacity and low shear strength, significantly reducing the friction coefficient and reducing tool wear and chipping.

3. The micro-lubrication and friction reduction method of fullerene C60 nanosphere particle cutting fluid as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The oil film with water droplets technology is used to remove the heat from the cutting area through water evaporation to achieve efficient cooling. At the same time, the high-pressure spray blows away the chips on the cutting edge in time to avoid tool wear and reduced processing quality caused by chip accumulation.

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