Planting method of high-quality rice

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method of high-quality rice, and belongs to the technical field of rice planting. The high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps that rice is planted in a wide-narrow-row rice cultivation mode, slow-release fertilizer is applied in the rice transplanting stage and the tillering stage, and fertilizer does not need to be additionally added in the period; in the application process of the slow-release fertilizer, the slow-release fertilizer is applied to the space between any two adjacent rice seedlings; the wide-narrow row rice cultivation mode is rice wide-row-spacing and narrow-row-spacing interval cultivation; wherein the width of the narrow line spacing is 20cm, and the width of the wide line spacing is 40cm. According to the invention, the rice cultivation method is combined with the corresponding slow-release fertilizer to enhance the absorption capacity of the rice on nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer, so that the yield-increasing potential of the rice is fully exerted, and the high quality of rice crops is ensured. The slow-release fertilizer prepared by the method shows excellent slow-release performance, and loss of nutrient elements can be remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting and relates to a planting method for high-quality rice. Background Art

[0002] In the current fertilization operation, the problems caused by long-term excessive and single use of chemical fertilizers are becoming more and more obvious, including soil acidification, structural damage and reduced fertility, which are directly related to the yield and quality of crops. In order to effectively solve these problems, slow-release, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly fertilizers have become the mainstream direction of fertilizer development. In order to give full play to the inherent advantages of slow-release fertilizers and make full use of their characteristics, the technical management level of agricultural production and operation must be improved. Fertilization technology should be closely integrated with the cultivation mode of crops, and at the same time, research and develop efficient slow-release fertilizer application methods that are suitable for specific cultivation technology modes. Only when fertilization technology matches the cultivation mode can the technical potential of slow-release fertilizers be maximized.

[0003] The application of slow-release fertilizers in rice cultivation mainly includes the following aspects. First, in the rice seedling raising stage, the application of slow-release fertilizers can provide a stable source of nutrition for the seedlings and promote their healthy growth. Secondly, in the early growth stage after transplanting, slow-release fertilizers can continuously release nutrients to help rice quickly adapt to the new environment and enhance its disease resistance and growth potential. Entering the tillering and jointing stages, the demand for nutrients of rice increases significantly. Slow-release fertilizers can provide sufficient nutrients during this critical period to ensure the normal growth and high yield of rice. Finally, in the maturity period of rice, slow-release fertilizers can still provide necessary nutrients to help rice complete the final filling process and improve the quality and yield of rice.

[0004] Polyglutamic acid is a biopolymer material synthesized through amide bonds. It contains a large number of hydrophilic carboxyl and amino groups. It plays an important role in maintaining soil moisture content, improving soil bulkiness and porosity, and enhancing soil fertilizer and water retention capacity. Fertilizers containing polyglutamic acid can improve nutrient absorption efficiency and increase crop yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting high-quality rice. The present invention combines a rice cultivation method with a corresponding slow-release fertilizer to enhance the rice's ability to absorb nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer, thereby giving full play to its yield-increasing potential and ensuring the high quality of rice crops. The slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention exhibits excellent slow-release performance and can significantly reduce the loss of nutrient elements.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps: planting rice in a wide-narrow row rice cultivation method, applying slow-release fertilizers during the transplanting stage and the tillering stage, and no additional fertilizers are needed during the period.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, during the application of the slow-release fertilizer, the slow-release fertilizer is applied to the space between any two adjacent rice seedlings.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the wide-narrow row rice cultivation method is to cultivate rice with wide row spacing and narrow row spacing.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the width of the narrow row spacing is 20 cm; the width of the wide row spacing is 40 cm.

[0011] The invention discloses a method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0012] 1) mixing attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose and isobutanol solution, adding polyglutamic acid and grinding, filtering and freeze-drying to obtain composite powder;

[0013] 2) placing the composite powder in a base liquid, mixing the mixture, heating and stirring the mixture, standing the mixture, adding a cinnamaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, centrifuging the mixture, and vacuum drying the mixture to obtain a preform;

[0014] 3) adding the preform into anhydrous ethanol and mixing evenly, adding cardanol and an initiator and stirring at a constant temperature to obtain a slow-release fertilizer.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1), the grinding is performed at a temperature of 40-50° C. for 3-40 min; and the isobutanol solution is prepared by mixing isobutanol and deionized water in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1), the mass ratio of attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose, isobutanol solution and polyglutamic acid is 10-12: 2-3: 40-50: 1.2-1.4.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2), the heating stirring is stirring at a temperature of 32-36°C and a speed of 300-400 r / min for 2-3 hours; the standing time is 3-4 hours; and the constant temperature stirring is stirring at a temperature of 60-72°C for 6-8 hours.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2), the composite powder, base liquid and cinnamaldehyde solution are mixed in a mass ratio of 9-10:13-14:20-24; the cinnamaldehyde solution is mixed with cinnamaldehyde and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 3-4:30.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2), the base liquid is mixed by urea, potassium nitrate, double superphosphate, metal salt and deionized water in a mass ratio of 32-36:34-40:13-15:0.2-0.5:150-160; the metal salt is one or more of magnesium salt, iron salt, zinc salt and selenium salt.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 3), the constant temperature stirring is stirring at 50-60° C. for 4-5 hours; and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 3), the mass ratio of the preform, anhydrous ethanol, cardanol and initiator is 10-11:30-40:1.6-2.0:0.08-0.09.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] (1) The present invention combines a rice cultivation method with a corresponding slow-release fertilizer to enhance the rice's ability to absorb nutrients in the slow-release fertilizer, thereby giving full play to its yield-increasing potential and ensuring the high quality of the rice crop. The slow-release fertilizer prepared by the present invention exhibits excellent slow-release performance and can significantly reduce the loss of nutrient elements.

[0024] (2) The present invention combines attapulgite with carboxymethyl cellulose, and adds polyglutamic acid and cinnamaldehyde for chemical bonding, so that the elements in the base liquid are coated more evenly and form compact particles, and then highly stable cardanol is grafted to further prevent the loss of nutrient elements and provide a better sustained-release effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0026] A high-quality rice planting method comprises the following steps: planting rice in a wide-narrow row rice cultivation method, and applying slow-release fertilizer in the transplanting stage and the tillering stage, without the need for additional fertilizer during the period; during the application of the slow-release fertilizer, applying the slow-release fertilizer to the space between any two adjacent rice seedlings; the wide-narrow row rice cultivation method is to cultivate rice with wide row spacing and narrow row spacing, wherein the width of the narrow row spacing is 20 cm and the width of the wide row spacing is 40 cm.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0029] 1) mixing attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose and isobutanol solution, adding polyglutamic acid and grinding, filtering and freeze-drying to obtain composite powder;

[0030] 2) placing the composite powder in a base liquid, mixing the mixture, heating and stirring the mixture, standing the mixture, adding a cinnamaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, centrifuging the mixture, and vacuum drying the mixture to obtain a preform;

[0031] 3) adding the preform into anhydrous ethanol and mixing evenly, adding cardanol and an initiator and stirring at a constant temperature to obtain a slow-release fertilizer.

[0032] In step 1), the grinding is performed at 40° C. for 3 minutes; the mass ratio of the attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose, isobutanol solution and polyglutamic acid is 10:2:40:1.2; and the isobutanol solution is prepared by mixing isobutanol and deionized water in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0033] In step 2), the heating stirring is stirring at a temperature of 32° C. and a speed of 300 r / min for 2 hours; the standing time is 3 hours; the constant temperature stirring is stirring at a temperature of 60° C. for 6 hours; the composite powder, the base liquid and the cinnamaldehyde solution are mixed in a mass ratio of 9:13:20; the base liquid is mixed with urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, metal salt and deionized water in a mass ratio of 32:34:13:0.2:150; the cinnamaldehyde solution is mixed with cinnamaldehyde and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 3:30; and the metal salt is magnesium nitrate.

[0034] In step 3), the constant temperature stirring is stirring at 50° C. for 4 hours; the mass ratio of the preform, anhydrous ethanol, cardanol and initiator is 10:30:1.6:0.08; and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1) mixing attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose and isobutanol solution, adding polyglutamic acid and grinding, filtering and freeze-drying to obtain composite powder;

[0038] 2) placing the composite powder in a base liquid, mixing the mixture, heating and stirring the mixture, standing the mixture, adding a cinnamaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, centrifuging the mixture, and vacuum drying the mixture to obtain a preform;

[0039] 3) adding the preform into anhydrous ethanol and mixing evenly, adding cardanol and an initiator and stirring at a constant temperature to obtain a slow-release fertilizer.

[0040] In step 1), the grinding is performed at a temperature of 45° C. for 22 minutes; the mass ratio of the attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose, isobutanol solution and polyglutamic acid is 11:2.5:45:1.3; the isobutanol solution is prepared by mixing isobutanol and deionized water in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0041] In step 2), the heating stirring is stirring at a temperature of 34°C and a speed of 350 r / min for 2.5 hours; the standing time is 3.5 hours; the constant temperature stirring is stirring at a temperature of 66°C for 7 hours; the composite powder, base liquid and cinnamaldehyde solution are mixed in a mass ratio of 9.5:13.5:22; the base liquid is mixed with urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, metal salt and deionized water in a mass ratio of 34:37:14:0.4:155; the cinnamaldehyde solution is mixed with cinnamaldehyde and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 3.5:30; the metal salt is magnesium nitrate.

[0042] In step 3), the constant temperature stirring is stirring at 55° C. for 4.5 hours; the mass ratio of the preform, anhydrous ethanol, cardanol and initiator is 10.5:35:1.8:0.085; and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0045] 1) mixing attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose and isobutanol solution, adding polyglutamic acid and grinding, filtering and freeze-drying to obtain composite powder;

[0046] 2) placing the composite powder in a base liquid, mixing the mixture, heating and stirring the mixture, standing the mixture, adding a cinnamaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, centrifuging the mixture, and vacuum drying the mixture to obtain a preform;

[0047] 3) adding the preform into anhydrous ethanol and mixing evenly, adding cardanol and an initiator and stirring at a constant temperature to obtain a slow-release fertilizer.

[0048] In step 1), the grinding is performed at a temperature of 50° C. for 40 minutes; the mass ratio of the attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose, isobutanol solution and polyglutamic acid is 12:3:50:1.4; the isobutanol solution is prepared by mixing isobutanol and deionized water in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0049] In step 2), the heating stirring is stirring at a temperature of 36° C. and a speed of 400 r / min for 3 hours; the standing time is 4 hours; the constant temperature stirring is stirring at a temperature of 72° C. for 8 hours; the composite powder, the base liquid and the cinnamaldehyde solution are mixed in a mass ratio of 10:14:24; the base liquid is mixed with urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, metal salt and deionized water in a mass ratio of 36:40:15:0.5:160; the cinnamaldehyde solution is mixed with cinnamaldehyde and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 4:30; and the metal salt is magnesium nitrate.

[0050] In step 3), the constant temperature stirring is stirring at 60° C. for 5 hours; the mass ratio of the preform, anhydrous ethanol, cardanol and initiator is 11:40:2.0:0.09; and the initiator is ammonium persulfate.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] Compared with Example 2, the difference in Comparative Example 1 is that attapulgite is used instead of carboxymethyl cellulose, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 2 is different in that polyglutamic acid is not used, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 3 is different in that cinnamaldehyde is not used, and the remaining components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 4 is different in that cardanol is not used, and the remaining components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0059] The slow-release fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested for their slow-release properties. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Sustained release performance test: According to GB / T23348-2009, the nitrogen release on the first and 30th day was measured by the water dissolution rate method, and the dissolution rate was calculated; the dissolution rate calculation formula is as follows: Nitrogen dissolution rate (%) = W n / W0, where W n represents the mass fraction of nitrogen release measured on day n, and W is the mass fraction of total nitrogen;

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] From the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Examples 1-4, the slow-release fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention have excellent slow-release effects and can effectively reduce the loss of nutrient elements.

[0064] Through comparative analysis, it can be known that this is because the porous structure of attapulgite provides a physical barrier in the present invention, and the carboxymethyl cellulose containing a large number of hydrophilic groups on the molecular chain increases the stability and durability of the barrier. Under the joint action, they can absorb and retain a large amount of water while slowly releasing the nutrients in the fertilizer, thereby extending the shelf life of the fertilizer. The adsorption capacity of attapulgite compounded with carboxymethyl cellulose is combined with the addition of polyglutamic acid, and the amino and carboxyl functional groups of polyglutamic acid are used to adsorb and fix metal ions in fertilizers and trace elements, thereby inhibiting the loss of nutrients and increasing the yield of rice crops. Then, polyglutamic acid and cinnamaldehyde are chemically bonded to form an organic porous adsorption structure, so that the elements in the base liquid are coated more evenly to form compact particles, and then highly stable cardanol is grafted. Cardanol contains a straight chain of carbon fifteen, which can provide the system with excellent hydrophobicity and low permeability, increase the hydrophobicity of the outer layer, further prevent the loss of nutrients, and provide a better slow-release effect.

[0065] In addition, attapulgite has good colloidal properties that can improve the soil's aggregate structure, increase soil air permeability and water permeability; carboxymethyl cellulose, as a high molecular polymer, can form a network structure in the soil, strengthen its connection with soil particles, prevent soil compaction, and increase soil looseness.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any indirect modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing high-quality rice, characterized in that: The planting method comprises the following steps: planting rice in a wide-narrow row rice cultivation method, and applying a slow-release fertilizer during the transplanting stage and the tillering stage, without the need for additional fertilizer during the period; The method for preparing the slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1) mixing attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose and isobutanol solution, adding polyglutamic acid and grinding, filtering and freeze-drying to obtain composite powder; 2) placing the composite powder in a base liquid, mixing the mixture, heating and stirring the mixture, standing the mixture, adding a cinnamaldehyde solution, stirring the mixture at a constant temperature, centrifuging the mixture, and vacuum drying the mixture to obtain a preform; 3) adding the preform into anhydrous ethanol and mixing evenly, adding cardanol and an initiator and stirring at a constant temperature to obtain a slow-release fertilizer.

2. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the application of the slow-release fertilizer, the slow-release fertilizer is applied to the space between any two adjacent rice seedlings.

3. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wide-narrow row rice cultivation method is to cultivate rice with wide row spacing and narrow row spacing alternately.

4. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the narrow row spacing is 20 cm; the width of the wide row spacing is 40 cm.

5. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the grinding is performed at a temperature of 40-50° C. for 3-40 min; the isobutanol solution is prepared by mixing isobutanol and deionized water in a mass ratio of 5:

1.

6. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the mass ratio of attapulgite, carboxymethyl cellulose, isobutanol solution and polyglutamic acid is 10-12: 2-3: 40-50: 1.2-1.

4.

7. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the heating stirring is stirring at 32-36°C and 300-400 r / min for 2-3 hours; the standing time is 3-4 hours; and the constant temperature stirring is stirring at 60-72°C for 6-8 hours.

8. The method for growing high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the composite powder, base liquid and cinnamaldehyde solution are mixed in a mass ratio of 9-10:13-14:20-24; the cinnamaldehyde solution is mixed with cinnamaldehyde and anhydrous ethanol in a mass ratio of 3-4:

30.

9. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the base liquid is mixed with urea, potassium nitrate, double superphosphate, metal salt and deionized water in a mass ratio of 32-36:34-40:13-15:0.2-0.5:150-160; the metal salt is one or more of magnesium salt, iron salt, zinc salt and selenium salt.

10. The method for planting high-quality rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the constant temperature stirring is stirring at 50-60° C. for 4-5 hours; the initiator is ammonium persulfate; the mass ratio of the preform, anhydrous ethanol, cardanol and initiator is 10-11:30-40:1.6-2.0:0.08-0.09.

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