Automobile part casting sand mold forming equipment and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of casting of automobile parts, in particular to automobile part casting sand mold forming equipment and method.The automobile part casting sand mold forming equipment is characterized in that an upper microwell plate and a lower microwell plate which are vertically distributed at an interval are arranged in an air guide flow channel, the lower microwell plate is located in the air guide flow channel, and the upper microwell plate is pressed on a step face communicated between an annular groove and the air guide flow channel; the casting process has the beneficial effects that the pouring and tamping assembly is additionally arranged on the basis of an existing casting process, so that the multiple sets of sand injection runners are utilized, the sand injection position can be selectively selected, the sand injection position can be pertinently selected according to the characteristics of a model part, it is guaranteed that small holes and grooves are completely filled, and the casting process is simple and convenient. And meanwhile, the extruded and compacted sand mold is further subjected to negative-pressure air exhaust through the air guide flow channel, gaps between sand bodies are reduced, the overall tamping strength is improved, the integrity of the sand mold after overall demolding is guaranteed, collapse is avoided, and the yield is greatly increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of casting of automobile parts, and in particular to a sand mold forming device and a method for casting automobile parts. Background Art

[0002] Most automobile parts are metal products, and existing automobile metal parts are mostly produced by casting. The casting process is to place the model in a mold, add casting sand and compact it, form a sand mold with the appearance of the part through demolding, obtain the rough part through casting, and then obtain the finished part through fine processing.

[0003] However, in the actual casting process, the manufacturing process of molding, demoulding, pouring and cooling of a single mold is difficult to meet the needs of mass production. In order to adapt to mass production, the sand mold is usually demoulded as a whole during the demoulding process, and then transported to the casting mold for pouring and cooling. In this way, continuous molding and demoulding can be carried out during the pouring and cooling time, which greatly improves the production efficiency.

[0004] However, in the process of batch molding and overall demoulding, the existing extrusion and compaction equipment is difficult to meet the requirements of fully filling the small holes and grooves on the parts. After demoulding, the sand molds at the small holes and grooves are prone to collapse or insufficient filling, resulting in a high defect rate. The main reasons are: 1. When injecting sand, it is difficult for foundry sand to accurately fill the grooves. It can only be filled by relative extrusion, which is prone to defects and insufficient filling; 2. Single extrusion and compaction can only reduce the gaps between sand bodies, but it is difficult to discharge the airflow between the gaps between the casting sands. The casting sands are still in a relatively fluffy state and are very easy to collapse after overall demoulding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a sand mold forming device and method for casting automobile parts to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a sand mold forming device for casting automobile parts, comprising a rotating frame, an inner frame is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame, a mold assembly is arranged in the inner frame, the mold assembly is composed of a detachable bottom mold plate, a side mold frame and a top mold plate, the inner cavity surrounded by the bottom mold plate, the side mold frame and the top mold plate is a mold cavity, the bottom mold plate is provided with a model part located in the mold cavity, the inner frame is provided with a driving assembly for driving the top mold plate to extrude the mold cavity, and the top mold plate is provided with multiple groups of A casting and compacting component, the casting and compacting component includes a sand injection flow channel and an air guide flow channel, the sand injection flow channel is externally connected to a sand injection pipe, the air guide flow channel is externally connected to an air pump pipe, the other ends of the sand injection flow channel and the air guide flow channel are connected to the mold cavity, an annular groove is provided at the upper end of the air guide flow channel, an upper microporous plate and a lower microporous plate spaced apart from each other are provided in the air guide flow channel, the lower microporous plate is located in the air guide flow channel, the upper microporous plate is pressed on the step surface connected between the annular groove and the air guide flow channel, and the upper microporous plate and the lower microporous plate are connected through multiple groups of air pipes.

[0007] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a second telescopic rod, a flip motor is provided on one side of the rotating frame, the output shaft of the flip motor is connected to the inner frame, a pair of second telescopic rods are provided on the inner frame, a pair of extension arms are provided on both sides of the top template, the extension arms are vertically connected to the second telescopic rod, a pair of guide rails are provided on the inner frame, and a slider slidably sleeved on the guide rails is provided on the extension arms.

[0008] Preferably, the inner frame is provided with a first telescopic rod connected to the bottom template, the bottom template is provided with fasteners penetrating therethrough, the model part is fixed to the bottom template by the fasteners, and the lower end outer edge of the bottom template is sealed and pressed onto the lower end surface of the side mold frame.

[0009] Preferably, ear seats distributed in a circular array are provided on the side walls of the top mold plate, a positioning rod is vertically provided on the ear seat, a positioning hole facing the positioning rod is provided on the side mold frame, a first spring is sleeved on the positioning rod, one end of the first spring is fixed on the ear seat, and the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to a ring, the ring is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod, the positioning rod is slidably inserted into the positioning hole, and the ring is pressed onto the end face of the side mold frame.

[0010] Preferably, multiple groups of the casting and compacting components are distributed in a circular array, the annular groove is connected to the air guide channels distributed in the circular array, a ring plate is fixedly installed in the annular groove, a stepped inner cavity is provided in the ring plate, the upper microporous plate is located at the lower end of the stepped inner cavity, and a second spring is pressed between the upper microporous plate and the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the upper ends of the sand injection channel and the stepped inner cavity are both provided with tapered ports, and the upper tapered ports of the sand injection channel and the stepped inner cavity are respectively installed with sand injection interfaces and air pump interfaces, and annular sealing gaskets are pressed between the lower ends of the sand injection interfaces and the air pump interfaces and the tapered ports.

[0012] Preferably, the plurality of groups of the casting and compacting components distributed in a circular array can be optionally connected to external air pump pipes and sand injection pipes, and the upper end ports of the sand injection channels and the stepped inner cavities in the casting and compacting components that are not connected to external air pump pipes and sand injection pipes are sealed by sealing plugs.

[0013] Preferably, the annular groove is connected to the sand injection channel via a transverse channel, a runner is rotatably installed in the transverse channel, a plurality of groups of sieve plates distributed in a circular array are arranged outside the circular arc of the runner, and the sieve plate on one side of the runner extends into the sand injection channel.

[0014] Preferably, multiple groups of rotating seats are provided on the outer side of the rotating wheel, and multiple groups of screen plates distributed in a circular array are rotatably installed on the rotating seats respectively. The rotating seats are provided with limiting arc plates for limiting the rotation angle of the screen plates. A port ring is provided in a port on one side of the transverse flow channel close to the sand injection flow channel, and a semicircular retaining ring is provided at the lower end of the port ring, and the end of the screen plate can be rotatably pressed on the semicircular retaining ring.

[0015] A method implemented according to a sand mold forming device for casting automobile parts, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select the model part to be processed and fix it on the bottom template. Use the bottom template, side template and top template to enclose the mold assembly. Analyze the shape of the mold cavity filling according to the shape of the model part, mark the positions of small holes, grooves, etc. and correspond them on the top template; Step 2: Select the pouring and compacting components on the top template according to the positions marked in step 1, and connect the air pump pipe and sand injection pipe to the outside. The unselected ones are sealed with sealing plugs; Step 3: Spray the mold release agent on the mold cavity and the lower end of the top mold plate, connect the sand cylinder through the sand injection pipe and pour. After the pouring is completed, the top mold plate is driven by the second telescopic rod to squeeze the mold cavity to achieve preliminary compaction, and then the mold cavity is negatively evacuated by the air pump, and the position of the casting sand is limited by the microporous plate to further achieve the compaction of the sand mold; Step 4: The inner frame rotates and flips, the first telescopic rod drives the bottom template to open, and the second telescopic rod further squeezes to achieve rapid demoulding.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adds a casting and compacting component to the existing casting process, thereby utilizing multiple groups of sand injection channels, and can select the sand injection position. The sand injection position can be selected in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of the model part to ensure that the small holes and grooves are completely filled. At the same time, the air guide channel is utilized to further perform negative pressure exhaust on the sand mold after extrusion and compaction, thereby reducing the gap between the sand bodies, improving the overall compaction strength, ensuring the integrity of the sand mold after demolding, avoiding collapse, and greatly improving the yield rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the mold assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure at center; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper end of the top template of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at B in the middle; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the port ring of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the lower end of the top template of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the rotating wheel of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the upper and lower micro-porous plates connected in the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1, rotating frame; 2, flip motor; 3, inner frame; 4, bottom template; 5, side mold frame; 6, top template; 7, first telescopic rod; 8, model part; 9, fastener; 10, positioning hole; 11, extension arm; 12, mold cavity; 13, air pump pipe; 14, sand injection pipe; 15, guide rail; 16, slider; 17, second telescopic rod; 18, ear seat; 19, first spring; 20, positioning rod; 2 1. Ring; 22. Sand injection channel; 23. Air guide channel; 24. Ring groove; 25. Lower microporous plate; 26. Upper microporous plate; 27. Air pipe; 28. Air pump interface; 29. ​​Sand injection interface; 30. Sealing plug; 31. Rotor; 32. Stepped inner cavity; 33. Second spring; 34. Ring plate; 35. Rotating seat; 36. Screen plate; 37. Limiting arc plate; 38. Semicircular retaining ring; 39. Port ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] See also Figures 1 to 9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: Embodiment 1: A sand mold forming device for casting automobile parts, comprising a rotating frame 1, on which an inner frame 3 is rotatably mounted, a mold assembly is arranged in the inner frame 3, and the mold assembly is composed of a detachable bottom mold plate 4, a side mold frame 5 and a top mold plate 6, the inner cavity surrounded by the bottom mold plate 4, the side mold frame 5 and the top mold plate 6 is a mold cavity 12, the bottom mold plate 4 is provided with a model part 8 located in the mold cavity 12, and the inner frame 3 is provided with a driving assembly for driving the top mold plate 6 to extrude the mold cavity 12.

[0021] By providing a detachable mold assembly, it is convenient to demould the model part 8 and the sand mold, thereby realizing continuous molding production.

[0022] A plurality of groups of casting and compacting components are arranged on the top mold plate 6, and the casting and compacting components include a sand injection channel 22 and an air guide channel 23. The sand injection channel 22 is externally connected to a sand injection pipe 14, and the air guide channel 23 is externally connected to an air pump pipe 13. The other ends of the sand injection channel 22 and the air guide channel 23 are both connected to the mold cavity 12. An annular groove 24 is arranged at the upper end of the air guide channel 23. An upper microporous plate 26 and a lower microporous plate 25 are arranged in the air guide channel 23 with upper and lower intervals. The lower microporous plate 25 is located in the air guide channel 23. The upper microporous plate 26 is pressed on the step surface connecting the annular groove 24 and the air guide channel 23. The upper microporous plate 26 and the lower microporous plate 25 are connected through a plurality of groups of air pipes 27.

[0023] By setting up the sand injection channel 22 connected to the sand injection pipe 14, the sand injection position can be selected according to the characteristics of the model part 8 to ensure that the small holes and grooves are completely filled. At the same time, the air guide channel 23 is used to further perform negative pressure extraction on the sand mold after extrusion and compaction to reduce the gap between the sand bodies.

[0024] Working principle: First, analyze the position features of the small holes and grooves of the model part 8, and mark them on the top template 6 according to the analysis results, and then select the external sand injection pipe 14 and the air pump pipe 13, and use the sand injection pipe 14 to fully fill the mold cavity 12. After sand injection, use the driving component to drive the top template 6 to descend, so as to achieve the purpose of squeezing the mold cavity 12, so that the sand mold after sand injection can be initially compacted. During the compaction process, due to the extrusion, part of the sand body located in the air guide channel 23 moves upward, driving the upper microporous plate 26 and the lower microporous plate 25 to rise as a whole.

[0025] Then, negative pressure suction is achieved by using the air guide channel 23. During the suction process, the interstitial gas between the sand bodies in the sand mold is extracted, so that the sand mold is further compacted. During the suction process, the sand mold is further reduced, so that the height of the sand body in the air guide channel 23 decreases, and the upper microporous plate 26 and the lower microporous plate 25 are synchronously lowered and reset as a whole, thereby improving the overall compaction strength, ensuring the integrity of the sand mold after demolding, avoiding collapse, and greatly improving the yield rate.

[0026] Embodiment 2: On the basis of embodiment 1, the driving assembly includes a second telescopic rod 17, a flip motor 2 is provided on one side of the rotating frame 1, the output shaft of the flip motor 2 is connected to the inner frame 3, the inner frame 3 is provided with a pair of second telescopic rods 17, a pair of extension arms 11 are provided on both sides of the top template 6, the extension arms 11 are vertically connected to the second telescopic rod 17, a pair of guide rails 15 are provided on the inner frame 3, and a slider 16 slidably sleeved on the guide rails 15 is provided on the extension arm 11.

[0027] The top template 6 is vertically lifted and lowered by the cooperation of the guide rail 15 and the slide block 16 , and the top template 6 is driven by the second telescopic rod 17 to drive the mold cavity 12 to be squeezed and compacted.

[0028] The inner frame 3 is provided with a first telescopic rod 7 connected with the bottom template 4, the bottom template 4 is provided with a fastener 9 penetrating therethrough, the model part 8 is fixed to the bottom template 4 through the fastener 9, the lower end outer edge of the bottom template 4 is sealed and pressed on the lower end surface of the side mold frame 5, the side wall of the top template 6 is provided with ear seats 18 distributed in a circumferential array, a positioning rod 20 is vertically arranged on the ear seat 18, and a positioning hole 10 facing the positioning rod 20 is provided on the side mold frame 5, a first spring 19 is sleeved on the positioning rod 20, one end of the first spring 19 is fixed on the ear seat 18, and the other end of the first spring 19 is fixedly connected to a ring 21, the ring 21 is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod 20, the positioning rod 20 is slidably inserted in the positioning hole 10, and the ring 21 is pressed on the end surface of the side mold frame 5.

[0029] By setting the connection between the fastener 9 and the model part 8, the model part 8 can be replaced to adapt to the casting processing of different automobile parts. The positioning rod 20 and the positioning hole 20 are matched and plugged to further improve the lifting position accuracy of the top template 6. The first spring 19 is used to achieve elastic extrusion. In the demolding process, the flip motor 2 is first used to drive the mold assembly to flip as a whole. At this time, the top template 6 is located at the lower end. The first telescopic rod 7 is used to drive the bottom template 4 and the model part 8 to separate, so as to achieve the demolding of the model part 8. Then, the second telescopic rod 17 is further driven to further compress the first spring 19, drive the top template 6 to squeeze out the sand mold as a whole, and achieve the overall demolding of the sand mold.

[0030] Embodiment 3: Based on Embodiment 2, a plurality of casting and compacting components are distributed in a circular array, the annular groove 24 is connected to the air guide channel 23 distributed in the circular array, an annular plate 34 is fixedly installed in the annular groove 24, a stepped inner cavity 32 is provided in the annular plate 34, an upper microporous plate 26 is located at the lower end of the stepped inner cavity 32, and a second spring 33 is pressed between the upper microporous plate 26 and the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity 32.

[0031] The second spring 33 is provided to realize elastic squeezing of the upper microporous plate 26, so that when the top template 6 is initially compacted, the second spring 33 is squeezed to a compressed state by the deformation of the sand mold, at which time the upper microporous plate 26 and the lower microporous plate 25 rise as a whole, and with the subsequent negative pressure extraction, the sand mold shrinks, and under the restoring elastic force of the second spring 33, the upper microporous plate 26 and the lower microporous plate 25 fall and reset as a whole.

[0032] The upper ends of the sand injection channel 22 and the stepped inner cavity 32 are both provided with conical ports, and the upper conical ports of the sand injection channel 22 and the stepped inner cavity 32 are respectively installed with sand injection interfaces 29 and air pump interfaces 28, and annular sealing gaskets are pressed between the lower ends of the sand injection interfaces 29 and the air pump interfaces 28 and the conical ports. Multiple groups of casting and compacting components distributed in a circular array can be optionally connected to external air pump pipes 13 and sand injection pipes 14, and the upper ends of the sand injection channel 22 and the stepped inner cavity 32 in the casting and compacting components that are not connected to external air pump pipes 13 and sand injection pipes 14 are both sealed by sealing plugs 30.

[0033] The sealing of the mold cavity 12 is achieved by providing a sealing gasket and a sealing plug 30 .

[0034] Embodiment 4: On the basis of Embodiment 3, since the casting sand is transported through a pipeline and the inner diameter of the sand injection channel 22 is small, the fluidity of the casting sand is reduced, and the annular groove 24 is connected to the sand injection channel 22 through a transverse channel, and a runner 31 is rotatably installed in the transverse channel, and a plurality of groups of sieve plates 36 distributed in a circular array are arranged on the outer side of the arc of the runner 31, and the sieve plates 36 on one side of the runner 31 extend into the sand injection channel 22, and a plurality of groups of rotating seats 35 are arranged on the outer side of the runner 31, and the plurality of groups of sieve plates 36 distributed in a circular array are rotatably installed on the rotating seats 35, and a limiting arc plate 37 for limiting the rotation angle of the sieve plates 36 is arranged on the rotating seats 35, and a port ring 39 is arranged in a port on one side of the transverse channel close to the sand injection channel 22, and a semicircular semicircular retaining ring 38 is arranged at the lower end of the port ring 39, and the end of the sieve plate 36 can be rotatably pressed on the semicircular retaining ring 38.

[0035] By setting up multiple groups of rotatably installed screen plates 36, the falling foundry sand impacts on the screen plates 36, and the screen plates 36 are used to fully break up the foundry sand, thereby improving the fluidity of the foundry sand and facilitating its full filling of the mold cavity 12. At the same time, under the impact of the foundry sand, the drive wheel 31 is driven to rotate. When the screen plate 36 rotates to the semicircular baffle ring 38, the screen plate 36 is pressed against the semicircular baffle ring 38 due to the rotational drive. At this time, the screen plate 36 rotates and deflects along the rotating seat 35, and passes over the semicircular baffle ring 38 with continuous rotation, forming continuous rotation. The inclined surface formed by the semicircular baffle ring 38 is used to block the foundry sand from entering the transverse flow channel. The collision between the screen plate 36 and the semicircular baffle ring 38 causes the foundry sand stuck in the screen plate 36 to fall off, further improving the protection of the transverse flow channel and avoiding jamming caused by the filling of foundry sand.

[0036] A method implemented according to a sand mold forming device for casting automobile parts, the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select the model part 8 to be processed and fix it on the bottom template 4, use the bottom template 4, the side mold frame 5 and the top template 6 to form a mold assembly, and analyze the shape of the mold cavity 12 filled according to the shape of the model part 8, mark the positions of small holes, grooves, etc. and correspond them on the top template 6; Step 2: Select the pouring and compacting components on the top template 6 according to the positions marked in step 1, and connect the air pump pipe 13 and the sand injection pipe 14 externally. The unselected ones are sealed by the sealing plug 30; Step 3: Spray a release agent on the mold cavity 12 and the lower end of the top mold plate 6, connect the sand cylinder through the sand injection pipe 14 and pour. After pouring, drive the second telescopic rod 17 to make the top mold plate 6 squeeze the mold cavity 12 to achieve preliminary compaction, and then use an air pump to evacuate the mold cavity 12 with negative pressure, and use a microporous plate to limit the position of the casting sand to further achieve the compaction of the sand mold; Step 4: The inner frame 3 rotates and flips, the first telescopic rod 7 drives the bottom template 4 to open, and the second telescopic rod 17 further squeezes to achieve rapid demoulding.

[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sand mold forming device for casting automobile parts, comprising a rotating frame (1), an inner frame (3) being rotatably mounted on the rotating frame (1), a mold assembly being arranged in the inner frame (3), the mold assembly being composed of a detachable bottom mold plate (4), a side mold frame (5) and a top mold plate (6), an inner cavity surrounded by the bottom mold plate (4), the side mold frame (5) and the top mold plate (6) being a mold cavity (12), a model member (8) being arranged in the mold cavity (12) on the bottom mold plate (4), and a driving assembly for driving the top mold plate (6) to extrude the mold cavity (12) being arranged on the inner frame (3), Features: The top mold plate (6) is provided with a plurality of casting and compacting components, the casting and compacting components comprising a sand injection channel (22) and an air guide channel (23), the sand injection channel (22) being externally connected to a sand injection pipe (14), the air guide channel (23) being externally connected to an air pump pipe (13), the other ends of the sand injection channel (22) and the air guide channel (23) being both connected to the mold cavity (12), the upper end of the air guide channel (23) being provided with an annular groove (24), the air guide channel (23) being provided with an upper microporous plate (26) and a lower microporous plate (25) spaced apart from each other in the upper and lower parts, the lower microporous plate (25) being located in the air guide channel (23), the upper microporous plate (26) being pressed onto a stepped surface connecting the annular groove (24) and the air guide channel (23), and the upper microporous plate (26) and the lower microporous plate (25) being connected via a plurality of air pipes (27).

2. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a second telescopic rod (17); a flip motor (2) is arranged on one side of the rotating frame (1); an output shaft of the flip motor (2) is connected to the inner frame (3); a pair of second telescopic rods (17) are arranged on the inner frame (3); a pair of extension arms (11) are arranged on both sides of the top template (6); the extension arms (11) are vertically connected to the second telescopic rod (17); a pair of guide rails (15) are arranged on the inner frame (3); and a slider (16) slidably sleeved on the guide rails (15) is arranged on the extension arm (11).

3. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner frame (3) is provided with a first telescopic rod (7) connected to the bottom template (4), the bottom template (4) is provided with a fastener (9) penetrating therethrough, the model member (8) is fixed to the bottom template (4) via the fastener (9), and the lower end outer edge of the bottom template (4) is sealed and pressed onto the lower end surface of the side template frame (5).

4. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the top mold plate (6) is provided with ear seats (18) distributed in a circumferential array, and a positioning rod (20) is vertically arranged on the ear seat (18). The side mold frame (5) is provided with a positioning hole (10) facing the positioning rod (20), and a first spring (19) is sleeved on the positioning rod (20). One end of the first spring (19) is fixed on the ear seat (18), and the other end of the first spring (19) is fixedly connected to a ring (21). The ring (21) is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod (20), and the positioning rod (20) is slidably inserted in the positioning hole (10), and the ring (21) is pressed onto the end surface of the side mold frame (5).

5. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of groups of the casting and compacting components are distributed in a circular array, the annular groove (24) is connected to the air guide passages (23) distributed in the circular array, a ring plate (34) is fixedly installed in the annular groove (24), a stepped inner cavity (32) is provided in the annular plate (34), the upper microporous plate (26) is located at the lower end of the stepped inner cavity (32), and a second spring (33) is pressed between the upper microporous plate (26) and the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity (32).

6. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper ends of the sand injection channel (22) and the stepped inner cavity (32) are both provided with tapered ports, and the upper tapered ports of the sand injection channel (22) and the stepped inner cavity (32) are respectively provided with sand injection interfaces (29) and air pump interfaces (28), and annular sealing gaskets are pressed between the lower ends of the sand injection interfaces (29) and the air pump interfaces (28) and the tapered ports.

7. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of the pouring and compacting components distributed in a circumferential array can be optionally connected to an external air pump pipe (13) and a sand injection pipe (14), and the upper end ports of the sand injection flow channels (22) and the stepped inner cavity (32) in the pouring and compacting components that are not connected to the external air pump pipe (13) and the sand injection pipe (14) are sealed by sealing plugs (30).

8. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The annular groove (24) is connected to the sand injection channel (22) via a transverse channel, a rotating wheel (31) is rotatably mounted in the transverse channel, a plurality of groups of sieve plates (36) distributed in a circumferential array are arranged outside the circular arc of the rotating wheel (31), and the sieve plates (36) on one side of the rotating wheel (31) extend into the sand injection channel (22).

9. The automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of rotating seats (35) are arranged outside the rotating wheel (31), and a plurality of sieve plates (36) are rotatably mounted on the rotating seats (35) in a circumferential array. A limiting arc plate (37) for limiting the rotation angle of the sieve plates (36) is arranged on the rotating seat (35). A port ring (39) is arranged in a port on one side of the transverse flow channel close to the sand injection flow channel (22). A semicircular retaining ring (38) is arranged at the lower end of the port ring (39), and the end of the sieve plate (36) can be rotatably pressed onto the semicircular retaining ring (38).

10. A method implemented by the automobile parts casting sand mold forming equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select the model part (8) to be processed and fix it on the bottom template (4), use the bottom template (4), the side mold frame (5) and the top template (6) to form a mold assembly, and analyze the shape of the mold cavity (12) to be filled according to the shape of the model part (8), mark the positions of small holes, grooves, etc. and correspond them on the top template (6); Step 2: Select the pouring and compacting components on the top template (6) according to the positions marked in step 1, and connect the air pump pipe (13) and the sand injection pipe (14) to the outside. The unselected ones are sealed by the sealing plug (30); Step 3: spraying a mold release agent on the mold cavity (12) and the lower end of the top mold plate (6), connecting the sand cylinder via the sand injection pipe (14) and performing casting. After casting, the top mold plate (6) is driven by the second telescopic rod (17) to squeeze the mold cavity (12) to achieve preliminary compaction, and then using an air pump to evacuate the mold cavity (12) with negative pressure, and using a microporous plate to limit the position of the casting sand to further achieve the compaction of the sand mold; Step 4: The inner frame (3) rotates and flips, the first telescopic rod (7) drives the bottom template (4) to open, and the second telescopic rod (17) further squeezes to achieve rapid demoulding.

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