Biomass gasification furnace

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass gasification furnace, which belongs to the technical field of biomass gasification and comprises a tank body, a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer are arranged in the tank body, and biomass raw materials are converted into combustible gas through the four reaction stages. A reaction cylinder with a double-layer structure is arranged in the tank body, the outer layer is a heat conduction cylinder, the inner layer is a ventilation cylinder, and a gas storage chamber is arranged between the heat conduction cylinder and the ventilation cylinder and used for collecting combustible gas. The heat conduction cylinder has good heat conduction performance, and the ventilation cylinder allows gas to pass through smoothly. On the periphery of the heat conduction cylinder, high-temperature gas is injected to transfer heat to the drying layer, the pyrolysis layer and the reduction layer. External heating is achieved through the heat transfer chamber in the interlayer of the tank body and the spiral channel of the heat conduction cylinder, and hot air enters the heat transfer chamber and the air outlet cavity from the bottom of the tank body to heat the interior of the reaction cylinder. Internal heating is realized through vent holes and a ventilation net in the rotating rod, and hot air is conveyed to the drying layer, the pyrolysis layer and the reduction layer, so that the reaction rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biomass gasification, and in particular to a biomass gasifier. Background Art

[0002] In the field of biomass conversion technology, gasification technology plays an important role in efficiently converting biomass raw materials into high-quality combustible gas. The performance of the biomass gasifier has a decisive influence on the efficiency of the entire gasification process and the quality of the final product. However, the traditional biomass gasifier design has certain limitations in terms of thermal energy utilization efficiency and reaction condition control.

[0003] Traditional designs usually only install heating devices on the outer shell. This heating method from the outside to the inside often leads to uneven heat distribution in the furnace, with the external heating level being significantly higher than the internal heating level. Although this design has improved the performance of the gasifier to a certain extent, it still faces many technical challenges, such as uneven heat transfer, low gas circulation efficiency, and complex system maintenance.

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a biomass gasifier that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, an object of the present invention is to provide a biomass gasifier that can achieve better heating effect.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a biomass gasification furnace, including a tank body, wherein a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer are arranged in the inner cavity of the tank body, and an inlet is arranged at the top of the tank body and an outlet is arranged at the bottom.

[0007] A reaction cylinder is provided inside the tank body, and the reaction cylinder is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body. The bottom of the reaction cylinder is an open structure. The reaction cylinder is a double-layer structure, the outer layer of the reaction cylinder is a heat-conducting cylinder, and the inner layer is a breathable cylinder. An air storage chamber is provided between the heat-conducting cylinder and the breathable cylinder, and an exhaust pipe is connected to the upper end of the air storage chamber, and the exhaust pipe passes through the tank body and extends to the outside of the gasifier.

[0008] Among them, a rotating rod is rotatably penetrated through the center of the tank body, and a spiral auger is installed at one end of the bottom of the rotating rod, and the spiral auger is rotatably installed at the discharge port.

[0009] Preferably, the oxidation layer is arranged at the bottom outlet of the reaction tube, and an oxygen inlet pipe is arranged on one side of the oxidation layer, and the oxygen inlet pipe passes through the tank body and extends to the outside of the gasifier.

[0010] Preferably, a heat transfer chamber is provided in the interlayer of the tank body, an opening is provided at the bottom of the heat transfer chamber, and the heat transfer chamber is communicated with the internal cavity of the tank body through the opening.

[0011] Preferably, ventilation holes are provided inside the rotating rod, and the lower ends of the ventilation holes are connected to the hot air supply device. A plurality of ventilation nets are provided outside the rotating rod, and the drying layer, the pyrolysis layer and the reduction layer are correspondingly provided with ventilation nets.

[0012] Preferably, a circulation pipe is fixed on the side wall of the tank body, one end of the circulation pipe is connected to the lower end of the inner cavity of the tank body, and the other end is rotatably connected to the rotating rod. A sealing head is provided between the lower end of the rotating rod and the circulation pipe, and a circulation pump is fixed on the circulation pipe.

[0013] Preferably, a sealing ring is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the heat-conducting tube, and the sealing ring is connected to the breathable tube.

[0014] Preferably, the upper end of the heat-conducting tube is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body, an air outlet cavity is provided between the heat-conducting tube and the tank body, the bottom of the air outlet cavity is connected to the inner cavity of the tank body, and an air outlet pipe is installed at the upper end of the air outlet cavity.

[0015] Preferably, an air guide plate is fixed to the outside of the heat-conducting tube, and the air guide plate is spiral-shaped and forms a spiral channel inside the air outlet cavity.

[0016] Preferably, a cover cylinder is fixed to the upper end of the tank body, a driving motor is fixed on the cover cylinder, an output shaft of the driving motor passes through the cover cylinder and is connected to the rotating rod, and a feeding pipe is provided on one side of the cover cylinder.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: By combining the dual heating mechanism of external heating (heat generated by the oxidation layer and the heat transfer chamber) and internal heating (rotating rod vents and circulation pipe system), the temperature stability and uniform distribution in the drying layer, pyrolysis layer, reduction layer and oxidation layer are ensured, which not only accelerates the conversion process of biomass raw materials, but also improves the generation efficiency of combustible gas.

[0018] The double-layer structure design of the reaction tube (heat-conducting tube and breathable tube) effectively isolates the high-temperature gas from the reaction materials, while ensuring efficient heat transfer and smooth gas flow. This design enables each reaction layer to work under the optimal temperature and gas environment, thereby improving the overall gasification efficiency and product quality.

[0019] The cooperation between the circulation pump and the sealing head realizes the continuous and stable supply of heat and the effective circulation of gas, which not only ensures the constant temperature inside the gasifier, but also avoids unnecessary heat loss and gas leakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1This is a diagram of the interior of the tank.

[0021] Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of the tank.

[0022] Figure 3 This is the structural diagram of the reaction tube.

[0023] Figure 4 This is the connection diagram of the rotating rod and the spiral auger.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the tank body.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in .

[0026] In the figure: 1. tank body, 2. drying layer, 3. pyrolysis layer, 4. reduction layer, 5. oxidation layer, 6. discharge port, 7. reaction tube, 71. heat conduction tube, 72. breathable tube, 73. gas storage chamber, 74. gas guide plate, 8. exhaust pipe, 9. rotating rod, 91. ventilation net, 10. feed pipe, 11. gas outlet cavity, 12. gas outlet pipe, 13. oxygen inlet pipe, 14. circulation pipe, 15. heat transfer chamber, 16. circulation pump, 17. cover tube, 18. spiral auger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is described below with specific embodiments, but they are not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1 like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a biomass gasifier is provided, including a tank body 1, and a drying layer 2, a pyrolysis layer 3, a reduction layer 4 and an oxidation layer 5 are arranged in the inner cavity of the tank body 1. In the biomass gasifier, the reaction process of the material passes through the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3, the reduction layer 4 and the oxidation layer 5 from top to bottom, and the reaction stages corresponding to each layer are as follows: First, the material enters the drying layer 2, which is called the drying stage. In this layer, the raw material is affected by the high temperature in the furnace and begins to undergo a drying process, the main purpose of which is to remove moisture from the raw material and prepare for the subsequent pyrolysis reaction. Subsequently, the material enters the pyrolysis layer 3, which is called the pyrolysis stage. As the temperature rises further, the raw material begins to undergo pyrolysis, that is, decompose into smaller molecules. These decomposition products include coke, combustible gases (such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.) and tar, etc. Next, the material enters the reduction layer 4, which is called the reduction stage. In this layer, coke and gasifying agents (such as air, water vapor or carbon dioxide, etc.) undergo a reduction reaction under high temperature and oxygen-deficient conditions. The main purpose of this reaction is to generate combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are one of the main products of the biomass gasifier. Finally, the material enters the oxidation layer 5, which is called the oxidation stage. In this layer, part of the coke and combustible gas undergo an oxidation reaction with oxygen, releasing a large amount of heat. This heat is not only used to maintain the high temperature environment in the furnace, but also provides the necessary energy for the entire gasification process. In summary, the biomass gasifier converts biomass raw materials into combustible gas through drying, pyrolysis, reduction and oxidation reaction stages, achieving efficient utilization of biomass resources and environmental protection and emission reduction. The top of the tank body 1 is provided with a feed inlet and the bottom is provided with a discharge port 6. The feed inlet is the starting point for the raw materials to enter the biomass gasifier. Once the raw materials such as straw, sawdust, rice husks and other agricultural wastes and forestry residues enter the tank body 1, they will pass through the drying layer 2, pyrolysis layer 3, reduction layer 4 and oxidation layer 5 in sequence. These four reaction layers work together to efficiently convert the biomass raw materials into combustible gas.

[0029] A cover cylinder 17 is fixed to the upper end of the tank body 1, and a driving motor is fixed on the cover cylinder 17. The output shaft of the driving motor passes through the cover cylinder 17 and is connected to the rotating rod 9. The motor drives the rotating rod 9 to rotate, and the spiral auger 18 fixed on the rotating rod 9 will rotate together. A feed pipe 10 is provided on one side of the cover cylinder 17, and the feed pipe 10 can inject the substance to be reacted into the tank body 1 to participate in the reaction.

[0030] A reaction cylinder 7 is provided inside the tank body 1, and the reaction cylinder 7 is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body 1. The upper end of the reaction cylinder 7 is in a flared shape, and the outer edge of the flared part is firmly mounted on the inner wall of the tank body 1. A certain space gap is intentionally reserved between the main part of the reaction cylinder 7 and the tank body 1, and the bottom of the reaction cylinder 7 is an open structure. The drying layer 2 is arranged at the upper end of the reaction cylinder 7, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4 are both arranged inside the reaction cylinder 7, and the oxidation layer 5 is arranged at the lower end outlet of the reaction cylinder 7. The reaction cylinder 7 is a double-layer structure, the outer layer of the reaction cylinder 7 is a heat-conducting cylinder 71, and the inner layer is a breathable cylinder 72. An air storage chamber 73 is provided between the heat-conducting cylinder 71 and the breathable cylinder 72. The upper end of the air storage chamber 73 is connected to an exhaust pipe 8, and the exhaust pipe 8 passes through the tank body 1 and extends to the outside of the gasifier. The heat-conducting cylinder 71 has excellent thermal conductivity, and the breathable cylinder 72 has good air permeability. High-temperature gas is injected into the periphery of the heat-conducting cylinder 71, and the gas effectively transfers heat to the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4. At the same time, the breathable cylinder 72 uses its good breathability to allow the combustible gas generated from the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4 to pass smoothly. These combustible gases then pass through the breathable cylinder 72 and enter the gas storage chamber 73. In the gas storage chamber 73, the higher-temperature gas naturally rises and is eventually discharged and collected through the exhaust pipe 8; Among them, a rotating rod 9 is rotated through the center of the tank body 1, and a spiral auger 18 is installed at one end of the bottom of the rotating rod 9. The spiral auger 18 is rotatably installed at the discharge port 6. The rotation of the rotating rod 9 can drive the rotation of the spiral auger 18. When the spiral auger 18 rotates, the solid waste discharged from the oxidation layer 5 can be discharged from the tank body 1. When the spiral auger 18 is fixed, the waste will not be discharged.

[0031] Embodiment 2 like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, based on the first embodiment, this embodiment provides the external heating function of the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4, as follows: The oxidation layer 5 is arranged at the bottom outlet of the reaction tube 7. An oxygen inlet pipe 13 is arranged on one side of the oxidation layer 5. The oxygen inlet pipe 13 passes through the tank body 1 and extends to the outside of the gasifier. In the oxidation stage, part of the gas reacts with the oxygen entering from the oxygen inlet pipe 13 to generate heat to provide the required heat energy for the previous drying, pyrolysis and reduction stages. At the same time, the heat generated by the oxidation reaction also helps to maintain the temperature in the gasifier.

[0032] A heat transfer chamber 15 is provided in the interlayer of the tank body 1. An opening is provided at the bottom of the heat transfer chamber 15, and the heat transfer chamber 15 is connected to the internal chamber of the tank body 1 through the opening. During the oxidation stage, the heat generated can smoothly enter the heat transfer chamber 15 through the opening at the bottom of the heat transfer chamber 15. This heat is then effectively transferred to the upper area of ​​the tank body 1, realizing the heat transfer process from the outside to the inside, so as to ensure that the required temperature level is maintained inside the tank body 1. It is worth noting that the heat source here is not limited to the heat naturally generated during the oxidation stage, and hot air can also be introduced from the outside as a supplement as needed. The key is to ensure that the inside of the tank body 1 reaches and maintains appropriate temperature conditions.

[0033] The upper end of the heat-conducting tube 71 is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body 1. An air outlet cavity 11 is provided between the heat-conducting tube 71 and the tank body 1. The bottom of the air outlet cavity 11 is connected to the inner cavity of the tank body 1. An air outlet pipe 12 is installed at the upper end of the air outlet cavity 11. Hot gas flows in from the bottom opening of the air outlet cavity 11. The main purpose is to heat the inside of the reaction tube 7, especially the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4. This heating process works together with the heat in the interlayer of the tank body 1 to effectively accelerate the rate at which the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4 generate combustible gas. At the same time, the air outlet pipe 12 is located at the upper end and is responsible for discharging the hot gas. This design promotes the circulation of the hot gas, thereby ensuring the continuous stability of the temperature inside the tank body 1.

[0034] An air guide plate 74 is fixed to the outside of the heat-conducting tube 71. The air guide plate 74 is spiral and forms a spiral channel inside the air outlet cavity 11. Hot air enters the spiral channel from the bottom and slowly rises inside the spiral channel. During the spiral rising process, the gas will transfer the temperature to the inside of the tank body 1.

[0035] Embodiment 3 like Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, based on the first and second embodiments, this embodiment provides internal heating functions of the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4, as follows: The rotating rod 9 is provided with ventilation holes inside, and the lower end of the ventilation holes is connected to the hot air supply device. The rotating rod 9 is provided with multiple ventilation nets 91 outside. The drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4 are correspondingly provided with ventilation nets 91. The ventilation holes are designed to effectively transport hot air to the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4, so as to achieve uniform distribution of heat from the inside to these layers. This mechanism not only promotes the rapid drying of the material inside the drying layer 2, but also accelerates the generation rate of combustible gas in the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4. At the same time, the synergistic effect with the external air outlet cavity 11 and the heat transfer chamber 15 further enhances the heating effect, ensures efficient heat transfer from the inside to the outside, and improves the thermal efficiency of the system as a whole.

[0036] A circulation pipe 14 is fixed on the side wall of the tank body 1. One end of the circulation pipe 14 is connected to the lower end of the inner cavity of the tank body 1, and the other end is rotatably connected to the rotating rod 9. A sealing head is provided between the lower end of the rotating rod 9 and the circulation pipe 14. A circulation pump 16 is fixed on the circulation pipe 14. The heat in the inner hole of the rotating rod 9 comes from the cavity inside the tank body 1. This heat supply mechanism ensures the continuity and stability of heat. Driven by the circulation pump 16, the hot air in the tank body 1 is effectively extracted and transported to the inside of the rotating rod 9 through the circulation pipe 14. Subsequently, the hot air is further distributed to the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4, realizing the precise transfer and utilization of heat. This process not only improves the efficiency of heat utilization, but also ensures that each layer can obtain sufficient heat support, thereby promoting the smooth progress of drying, pyrolysis and reduction reactions.

[0037] A sealing ring is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the heat-conducting tube 71 , and the sealing ring is connected to the air-permeable tube 72 , so that the combustible gas can smoothly enter the gas storage chamber 73 through the air-permeable hole.

[0038] Working principle: Biomass raw materials (such as straw, wood chips, etc.) enter the tank body 1 through the feed pipe 10, and pass through the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3, the reduction layer 4 and the oxidation layer 5 in sequence.

[0039] In the drying layer 2, the raw materials are affected by the high temperature in the furnace and begin to undergo a drying process to remove excess moisture in preparation for subsequent reactions. As the temperature continues to rise, the raw materials enter the pyrolysis layer 3 and begin to undergo pyrolysis reactions, decomposing into products such as coke, combustible gases and tar. In the reduction layer 4, the coke and the gasifying agent undergo a reduction reaction under high temperature and oxygen-deficient conditions to generate combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

[0040] Part of the coke and combustible gas enter the oxidation layer 5, undergo oxidation reaction with oxygen, and release a large amount of heat, which not only maintains the high temperature environment in the furnace, but also provides necessary heat energy for the reaction layer ahead.

[0041] The heat generated by the oxidation layer 5 is transferred to the inside of the tank body 1 through the heat transfer chamber 15 and the gas outlet cavity 11, especially heating the pyrolysis layer 3 and the reduction layer 4. At the same time, the vent holes of the rotating rod 9 and the circulation pipe 14 system realize the internal transfer of heat and the circulation flow of gas, further enhancing the heating effect and gasification efficiency.

[0042] The combustible gas is collected through the gas storage chamber 73 and the exhaust pipe 8; the waste is discharged from the tank body 1 through the spiral auger 18 when the rotating rod 9 rotates.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass gasifier, comprising a tank body (1), wherein a drying layer (2), a pyrolysis layer (3), a reduction layer (4) and an oxidation layer (5) are arranged in the inner cavity of the tank body (1), and a feed inlet is arranged at the top of the tank body (1) and a discharge port (6) is arranged at the bottom, characterized in that ； A reaction cylinder (7) is provided inside the tank body (1), the reaction cylinder (7) is fixed on the inner wall of the tank body (1), and the bottom of the reaction cylinder (7) is an open structure. The reaction cylinder (7) is a double-layer structure, the outer layer of the reaction cylinder (7) is a heat-conducting cylinder (71), and the inner layer is a breathable cylinder (72). An air storage chamber (73) is provided between the heat-conducting cylinder (71) and the breathable cylinder (72), and the upper end of the air storage chamber (73) is connected to an exhaust pipe (8), and the exhaust pipe (8) passes through the tank body (1) and extends to the outside of the gasifier; A rotating rod (9) is rotatably penetrated through the center of the tank body (1), a spiral auger (18) is mounted on one end of the bottom of the rotating rod (9), and the spiral auger (18) is rotatably mounted at the discharge port (6).

2. The biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidation layer (5) is arranged at the bottom outlet of the reaction tube (7), and an oxygen inlet pipe (13) is arranged on one side of the oxidation layer (5), and the oxygen inlet pipe (13) passes through the tank body (1) and extends to the outside of the gasifier.

3. The biomass gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat transfer chamber (15) is provided in the interlayer of the tank body (1), and an opening is provided at the bottom of the heat transfer chamber (15), which is connected to the internal chamber of the tank body (1) through the opening.

4. The biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating rod (9) is provided with an air vent inside, the lower end of the air vent is connected to a hot air supply device, the rotating rod (9) is provided with a plurality of air vent nets (91) outside, and the drying layer (2), the pyrolysis layer (3) and the reduction layer (4) are all provided with air vent nets (91) correspondingly.

5. The biomass gasifier according to claim 4, characterized in that: A circulation pipe (14) is fixed on the side wall of the tank body (1), one end of the circulation pipe (14) is connected to the lower end of the inner cavity of the tank body (1), and the other end is rotatably connected to the rotating rod (9), a sealing head is provided between the lower end of the rotating rod (9) and the circulation pipe (14), and a circulation pump (16) is fixed on the circulation pipe (14).

6. The biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the heat-conducting cylinder (71), and the sealing ring is connected to the air-permeable cylinder (72).

7. The biomass gasifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the heat-conducting tube (71) is fixed to the inner wall of the tank body (1), an air outlet cavity (11) is provided between the heat-conducting tube (71) and the tank body (1), the bottom of the air outlet cavity (11) is communicated with the inner cavity of the tank body (1), and an air outlet pipe (12) is installed at the upper end of the air outlet cavity (11).

8. The biomass gasifier according to claim 7, characterized in that: An air guide plate (74) is fixed to the outside of the heat-conducting cylinder (71); the air guide plate (74) is spiral-shaped and forms a spiral channel inside the air outlet cavity (11).

9. The biomass gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cover cylinder (17) is fixed to the upper end of the tank body (1), a drive motor is fixed to the cover cylinder (17), an output shaft of the drive motor passes through the cover cylinder (17) and is connected to the rotating rod (9), and a feed pipe (10) is provided on one side of the cover cylinder (17).

Images