Rice cultivation method capable of effectively preventing low-temperature cold damage

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice cultivation method capable of effectively preventing low-temperature cold damage, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method aims at solving the problems that the low-temperature-resistant potential of seeds cannot be brought into full play, plough layer conditioning measures are not meticulous enough, and personalized schemes for different soil types and low-temperature environments cannot be achieved. Through technical measures of rice germplasm treatment, cultivation soil treatment, field management and the like, the cold resistance of the rice is effectively improved, the rice can still keep a good growth condition in low-temperature cold damage weather, meanwhile, the soil quality is improved, a foundation is laid for sustainable agricultural development, and the method is worthy of popularization and application. Through low-temperature climate data analysis, early warning system establishment and emergency response mechanism matching, the stability and risk resistance of agricultural production are improved, innovation and development of a rice planting technology are promoted, the rice quality is improved, the requirement of the market for high-quality rice is met, and higher economic benefits are brought to farmers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage. Background Art

[0002] Low temperature and chilling damage usually occurs during the critical growth periods of rice, such as the seedling stage, booting stage, flowering stage and filling stage, resulting in hindered rice growth and development and reduced yield. For example, the patent application with publication number: CN116098030A discloses a cultivation method for direct-seeded rice in cold regions to resist low temperature adversity, including the following steps: variety selection; seed treatment; tillage layer conditioning; fine sowing; improvement of seedling resistance to low temperature adversity during the tillering stage; improvement of the fruiting rate performance during the break stage; and control of irrigation to improve seedling resistance to low temperature adversity. This patent effectively improves the quality of direct-seeded rice seedlings in cold regions, promotes the coordinated growth of rice plants, and ensures the robust growth of direct-seeded rice in cold regions in a relatively low temperature environment.

[0003] Although the above patent enhances the ability of plants to resist low temperature adversity, it cannot fully tap the seeds' potential to resist low temperatures. The tillage layer conditioning measures are not detailed enough and cannot provide personalized solutions for different soil types and low temperature environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a rice cultivation method that effectively prevents low temperature and chilling damage, which can effectively prevent low temperature and chilling damage, improve the low temperature resistance of rice, ensure its robust growth in a low temperature environment, thereby improving yield and quality, and provide technical support for cold-region rice production to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Rice germplasm treatment: Screen rice varieties and perform low-temperature treatment on the selected rice seeds to improve the germination rate and cold resistance of the seeds. Perform germplasm improvement on the rice seeds after low-temperature treatment to enhance the seeds' cold resistance and resistance to diseases and insect pests.

[0008] Step 2: Soil treatment: Select plots with good drainage and fertile soil for rice cultivation, and condition the tillage layer before rice sowing to improve soil aeration and water permeability;

[0009] Step 3: Field management: Sow seeds when the ground temperature is stable at 5-10℃, and add soil to ensure close contact between seeds and soil. Maintain effective irrigation water depth at 3-5cm throughout the growth period.

[0010] Step 4: Harvest and storage: Harvest the rice promptly after it matures to ensure its quality and yield. Dry, thresh and store the harvested rice for subsequent processing and sales.

[0011] Furthermore, the rice germplasm treatment further comprises:

[0012] Based on the collected samples of no less than ten rice germplasm resources, screen cold-resistant rice varieties based on molecular marker-assisted selection technology, establish a cold-resistant rice variety library, and introduce cold-resistant genes into the excellent rice varieties in the cold-resistant rice variety library;

[0013] The quality traits and yield traits of each excellent rice variety in the cold-resistant rice variety library are evaluated, and breeding and cultivation tests are carried out based on the quality traits and yield traits, and the rice variety is determined based on the trait identification and evaluation of the test results.

[0014] Furthermore, the germplasm improvement in step 1 includes:

[0015] Low temperature pre-adaptation: soak the rice seeds in low temperature conditions of 10℃-15℃ for 16-24 hours, then move them into warm water at a temperature of 30-35℃ and soak them for 5-8 minutes to simulate the low temperature adverse environment, stimulate the inherent low temperature resistance mechanism of the rice seeds, and improve the seeds' ability to resist low temperatures;

[0016] Antifreeze protein expression: Antifreeze protein genes are introduced into rice seeds using genetic engineering technology, so that the seeds express antifreeze proteins during germination, thus enhancing the seeds' ability to resist low temperatures;

[0017] Seed soaking treatment: Soak the seeds in soaking liquid at a temperature of 35-37℃ for 12-16 hours. After soaking, rinse the seeds with clean water and carry out germination treatment.

[0018] Furthermore, the seed soaking solution includes: 550-700 ml / L of biogas slurry, 80-150 ml / L of sodium hypochlorite solution, 50-100 g / L of betaine, 0.8-1.2 g / L of proline, and the balance is water.

[0019] Furthermore, the cultivation soil treatment includes:

[0020] Increase the application of organic fertilizer: Determine the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied based on the soil fertility and rice growth requirements. Mix the organic fertilizer with the soil thoroughly and apply it to the land. The application amount per mu is between 1,000 and 2,000 kilograms to increase the soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility and thermal insulation performance;

[0021] Improve soil structure: Add soil conditioners to the soil to neutralize soil pH, such as lime, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, etc., to improve soil aeration and water permeability, break up soil compaction through deep ploughing and rotary tillage, increase soil looseness, and improve soil thermal insulation and low temperature resistance;

[0022] Ground film covering: Lay the ground film after sowing, fit it tightly to the soil surface, and compact the edge of the ground film with soil blocks to prevent the ground film from being blown away by the wind, reduce soil heat loss, and increase soil temperature. At the same time, according to weather conditions and rice growth needs, remove the film in time for ventilation to avoid excessive temperature inside the ground film that will hinder rice growth.

[0023] Furthermore, the tillage layer conditioning includes: weeding the rice field and performing deep tillage operations with a depth of not less than 20 cm to break the plow bottom layer, promote the exchange of the upper and lower layers of the soil, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and perform soil moistening and renovation operations after 2-3 days to ensure that the soil moisture is within the range of 5-8%.

[0024] Furthermore, the field management specifically includes:

[0025] Monitor the temperature data of the plot to be sown in real time. Sow the germinated rice seeds when the temperature is stable at 5-10℃ to prevent the seedlings from growing in a low temperature environment. Cover the ground with plastic film immediately to ensure the normal growth of the seedlings.

[0026] The rice seeds are managed during the heading stage by spraying cold-resistant growth regulators and increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve the plants' resistance to cold. Artificial assisted pollination is carried out during the flowering stage to increase the fruit set rate and reduce the impact of low temperature on yield.

[0027] Furthermore, based on water-saving irrigation technology, the irrigation water volume and irrigation time are controlled to maintain the appropriate moisture state of the soil. According to factors such as soil type, groundwater level, precipitation, etc., reasonable irrigation water volume is formulated, and the irrigation plan is adjusted according to weather changes and rice growth conditions.

[0028] Furthermore, the field management further includes:

[0029] Obtain local historical low temperature climate data, analyze the low temperature climate patterns of the current season, and arrange rice planting periods based on the low temperature climate patterns;

[0030] Establish a rice low temperature chilling damage early warning system, set early warning thresholds, and issue early warning information when the forecast temperature is lower than the minimum temperature required for rice growth;

[0031] Match the emergency response mechanism based on the early warning information, take corresponding defense measures based on the emergency response mechanism, and improve and utilize the microclimate ecological environment.

[0032] Furthermore, the step 4 of harvesting the rice in time after it matures also includes: controlling the effective irrigation water depth in the field to be below 1.5 cm 15-30 days before harvest, and keeping the field dry 2-3 days before harvest.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] Through various technical measures such as rice germplasm treatment, cultivation soil treatment, and field management, the cold resistance of rice has been effectively improved, so that rice can still maintain good growth conditions under low temperature and cold weather. At the same time, the soil quality has been improved, laying the foundation for sustainable agricultural development. Through low temperature climate data analysis, early warning system establishment and emergency response mechanism matching, the stability and risk resistance of agricultural production have been improved, the innovation and development of rice planting technology have been promoted, the quality of rice has been improved, the market demand for high-quality rice has been met, and higher economic benefits have been brought to farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] In order to solve the technical problems of not being able to fully develop the seed's low temperature resistance potential, not being able to carefully prepare the tillage layer, and not being able to customize solutions for different soil types and low temperature environments, please refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0038] A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Rice germplasm treatment: Screen rice varieties and perform low-temperature treatment on the selected rice seeds to improve the germination rate and cold resistance of the seeds. Perform germplasm improvement on the rice seeds after low-temperature treatment to enhance the seeds' cold resistance and resistance to diseases and insect pests.

[0040] Step 2: Soil treatment: Select plots with good drainage conditions and fertile soil for rice cultivation, and adjust the tillage layer before rice sowing, weed the rice fields, and perform deep tillage operations with a depth of no less than 20cm to break the plow bottom layer, promote the exchange of the upper and lower layers of the soil, and improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. After 2-3 days, carry out soil moistening and renovation operations to ensure that the soil moisture is within the range of 5-8% to improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil;

[0041] Step 3: Field management: Sow seeds when the ground temperature is stable at 5-10℃, and add soil to ensure close contact between seeds and soil. Maintain effective irrigation water depth at 3-5cm throughout the growth period.

[0042] Step 4: Harvest and storage: 15-30 days before harvest, control the effective irrigation water depth in the field to below 1.5 cm, and keep the field dry 2-3 days before harvest, which will help improve the photosynthesis efficiency of rice leaves, provide sufficient energy for the filling of rice grains, and reduce the occurrence and spread of diseases and insect pests;

[0043] Harvest the rice promptly after it matures to ensure its quality and yield. Dry, thresh and store the harvested rice for subsequent processing and sales, reducing the water content of the rice and making it more suitable for storage and transportation.

[0044] In this embodiment, the cold resistance of rice is significantly improved through rice germplasm treatment and cultivation soil treatment, so that it can maintain stable growth and yield under low temperature conditions. Individualized soil treatment plans are formulated for different soil types and low temperature environments, the soil environment is optimized, and favorable conditions are provided for the healthy growth of rice. Low temperature and cold damage can be effectively prevented, the low temperature resistance of rice is improved, and its healthy growth in a low temperature environment is ensured, thereby improving yield and quality, providing technical support for cold-region rice production, and improving the quality and yield of rice through meticulous field management and scientific harvesting and storage methods. It has brought higher economic benefits to farmers, promoted the innovation and development of rice planting technology, provided strong support for the sustainable development of the rice industry, effectively prevented the impact of low temperature and cold damage on rice growth, and improved the cold resistance and quality and yield of rice.

[0045] In this embodiment, the rice germplasm processing further includes:

[0046] Based on the collected samples of no less than ten rice germplasm resources, screen cold-resistant rice varieties based on molecular marker-assisted selection technology, establish a cold-resistant rice variety library, and introduce cold-resistant genes into the excellent rice varieties in the cold-resistant rice variety library;

[0047] The quality traits and yield traits of each excellent rice variety in the cold-resistant rice variety library are evaluated, and breeding and cultivation tests are carried out based on the quality traits and yield traits, and the rice variety is determined based on the trait identification and evaluation of the test results.

[0048] In this embodiment, through molecular marker-assisted selection technology and genetic engineering technology, low-temperature resistant rice varieties were successfully screened and cultivated, which significantly improved the growth and yield stability of rice under low temperature conditions, and established a low-temperature resistant rice variety library, which provided rich genetic resources and material basis for rice breeding, helped to accelerate the improvement and renewal of rice varieties, and promoted the sustainable development of the rice industry. Through systematic quality trait and yield trait evaluation, it was ensured that the cultivated rice varieties not only had excellent low-temperature resistance, but also had good quality and yield performance, which helped to meet the market demand for high-quality rice, increase the economic benefits of farmers, and help to improve the scientific and technological level of rice breeding in my country, achieving a dual improvement in rice quality and yield.

[0049] In this embodiment, the germplasm improvement in step 1 includes:

[0050] Low temperature pre-adaptation: soak the rice seeds in low temperature conditions of 10℃-15℃ for 16-24 hours, then move them into warm water at a temperature of 30-35℃ and soak them for 5-8 minutes to simulate the low temperature adverse environment, stimulate the inherent low temperature resistance mechanism of the rice seeds, and improve the seeds' ability to resist low temperatures;

[0051] Antifreeze protein expression: Antifreeze protein genes are introduced into rice seeds using genetic engineering technology, so that the seeds express antifreeze proteins during germination, thus enhancing the seeds' ability to resist low temperatures;

[0052] Seed soaking treatment: Soak the seeds in a soaking solution at a temperature of 35-37℃ for 12-16 hours. After soaking, rinse the seeds with clean water and perform germination treatment to ensure the health and vitality of the seeds;

[0053] The seed soaking solution comprises: 550-700 ml / L of biogas slurry, 80-150 ml / L of sodium hypochlorite solution, 50-100 g / L of betaine, 0.8-1.2 g / L of proline, and the balance is water. The biogas slurry contains rich organic matter and nutrients, which can promote seed germination and growth. Sodium hypochlorite has a disinfecting effect, which can kill pathogens on the surface of seeds and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Betaine is an osmotic regulator, which can improve the stress resistance of seeds and enhance the resistance of seeds to low temperatures. Proline is an amino acid, which can promote seed germination and growth and improve the stress resistance of seeds, give full play to the advantages of each component, and improve the seed treatment effect.

[0054] In this embodiment, through the combination of low-temperature pre-adaptation and antifreeze protein expression, the rice seeds have a strong ability to resist low temperatures before germination, which is helpful for the growth and development of rice in a low-temperature environment and improves the yield and quality. The biogas slurry in the seed soaking process provides rich nutrients, the sodium hypochlorite solution plays a role in sterilization and disinfection, and betaine and proline help to stabilize the cell structure and increase the cell osmotic pressure, which together provide a good environment for the growth of rice seeds. The rice seeds after germplasm improvement have a higher germination rate and growth rate under low temperature conditions, which helps to shorten the growth cycle of rice and improve production efficiency.

[0055] In this embodiment, the cultivation soil treatment includes:

[0056] Increase the application of organic fertilizer: Determine the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied based on the soil fertility and rice growth requirements. Mix the organic fertilizer with the soil thoroughly and apply it to the land. The application amount per mu is between 1,000 and 2,000 kilograms to increase the soil organic matter content, improve soil fertility and thermal insulation performance;

[0057] Improve soil structure: Add soil conditioners to the soil to neutralize soil pH, such as lime, gypsum, diatomaceous earth, etc., to improve soil aeration and water permeability, break up soil compaction through deep ploughing and rotary tillage, increase soil looseness, and improve soil thermal insulation and low temperature resistance;

[0058] Ground film covering: Lay the ground film after sowing, fit it tightly to the soil surface, and compact the edge of the ground film with soil blocks to prevent the ground film from being blown away by the wind, reduce soil heat loss, and increase soil temperature. At the same time, according to weather conditions and rice growth needs, remove the film in time for ventilation to avoid excessive temperature inside the ground film that will hinder rice growth.

[0059] In this embodiment, increasing the application of organic fertilizer helps to increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil structure, and enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. At the same time, the heat generated by the decomposition of organic fertilizer helps to increase the soil temperature, provide balanced nutrition for rice, promote its healthy growth, and enhance its cold resistance; improving the soil structure by neutralizing the pH, deep ploughing and rotary tillage to break up the compaction, increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and provide a stable growth environment for the rice root system; covering the ground with film reduces soil moisture evaporation, keeps the soil moist, increases soil temperature, prevents weed growth, reduces the use of herbicides, and avoids the adverse effects of high temperature on rice growth by timely removing the film for ventilation, creating a good soil environment for rice growth, effectively preventing low temperature and cold damage, and improving yield and quality, reflecting scientific farming and environmental protection concepts, and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0060] In this embodiment, the field management specifically includes:

[0061] Monitor the temperature data of the plot to be sown in real time. Sow the germinated rice seeds when the temperature is stable at 5-10℃ to prevent the seedlings from growing in a low temperature environment. Cover the ground with plastic film immediately to ensure the normal growth of the seedlings.

[0062] The rice seeds are managed at the booting stage by spraying cold-resistant growth regulators and increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve the plants' resistance to cold temperatures. Artificial assisted pollination is also performed during the flowering stage to increase the fruiting rate and reduce the impact of low temperatures on yields.

[0063] Based on water-saving irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, the irrigation water volume and irrigation time are controlled to maintain the appropriate moisture state of the soil. According to factors such as soil type, groundwater level, precipitation, etc., reasonable irrigation water volume is formulated to avoid excessive soil moisture or dryness. The irrigation plan is adjusted according to weather changes and rice growth conditions to avoid irrigation in low temperature environments. In the low temperature season, the number of irrigations should be appropriately reduced to reduce field humidity and mitigate the impact of low temperature and chilling damage.

[0064] In this embodiment, the temperature of the plot is monitored in real time to determine the best time for sowing, ensuring that the rice seeds are sown at a suitable ground temperature and immediately covered with mulch, thereby preventing the seedlings from growing in a low temperature environment and ensuring their normal growth; during the booting period, the low temperature resistance of the plants is improved by spraying anti-low temperature growth regulators and increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and artificial assisted pollination is performed during the flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate, effectively reducing the negative impact of low temperature on yield; at the same time, water-saving irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are used to accurately control the amount and time of irrigation water, and a reasonable irrigation plan is formulated based on a variety of factors to avoid unsuitable soil moisture conditions, and the number of irrigations is appropriately reduced in the low temperature season to reduce field humidity, which can significantly improve the adaptability and stress resistance of rice to low temperature environments, ensure that rice maintains a good growth state throughout the growth cycle, and reduce the losses caused by low temperature and cold damage, thereby stabilizing and improving the yield and quality of rice, while achieving the rational use of water resources and the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0065] In this embodiment, the field management further includes:

[0066] Obtain local historical low temperature climate data, including the time, intensity, and duration of low temperatures, analyze the low temperature climate patterns of the current season, and arrange rice planting periods according to the low temperature climate patterns to avoid planting or transplanting during low temperature sensitive periods;

[0067] Establish a rice low temperature chilling damage early warning system, set early warning thresholds, and issue early warning information when the forecast temperature is lower than the minimum temperature required for rice growth;

[0068] Match the emergency response mechanism based on the early warning information, take corresponding defense measures based on the emergency response mechanism, improve and utilize the microclimate ecological environment, such as using ground film covering, water warming and spraying chemical insulation agents to enhance the rice's resistance to low temperatures.

[0069] In this embodiment, local historical low temperature climate data is obtained and analyzed so as to reasonably arrange the rice planting period according to the low temperature climate law, avoid sowing or transplanting during the low temperature sensitive period, and ensure that the rice grows under relatively safe climatic conditions; at the same time, a rice low temperature cold damage early warning system is established and an early warning threshold is set so as to timely issue early warning information when the predicted temperature is lower than the minimum temperature required for rice growth, match the emergency response mechanism based on the early warning information and take corresponding defense measures, such as mulching, water warming and spraying chemical insulation agents, so as to improve and utilize the microclimate ecological environment, enhance the rice's resistance to low temperatures, effectively predict and prevent low temperature cold damage, reduce growth disorders and yield losses caused by low temperatures, build targeted and personalized planting plans, improve the stability and risk resistance of rice cultivation, ensure the continuity and efficiency of rice production, and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0070] According to the above technical scheme, a rice planting test was carried out in the test area, and conventionally planted rice was used as a control group. The rice planted by the method of the present invention was compared with the rice planted in the control group. At the same time, large-scale promotion was carried out in another area. The table is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] In the table, the experimental results show that the method of the present invention significantly improves the growth condition and yield of rice under low temperature and cold weather. Compared with the control group, the yield is increased by about 10%, and a significant yield-increasing effect is also achieved in large-scale promotion in another area. This not only improves the economic benefits of agriculture, but also lays a foundation for sustainable agricultural development by improving soil quality, helps to reduce the impact of low temperature on rice growth, enhances the stress resistance of rice, and provides a more stable and reliable guarantee for agricultural production.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Rice germplasm treatment: Screen rice varieties, perform low-temperature treatment on the selected rice seeds, and improve the germplasm of the low-temperature treated rice seeds; Step 2: Soil treatment: Select plots with good drainage and fertile soil for rice cultivation, and condition the tillage layer before rice sowing to improve soil aeration and water permeability; Step 3: Field management: Sow seeds when the ground temperature is stable at 5-10℃, and compress the soil to ensure close contact between seeds and soil. Keep the effective irrigation water depth at 3-5cm during the growth period. Step 4: Harvest and storage: Harvest the rice promptly after it matures, and dry, thresh and store the harvested rice.

2. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The rice germplasm treatment further comprises: Based on the collected samples of no less than ten rice germplasm resources, screen cold-resistant rice varieties based on molecular marker-assisted selection technology, establish a cold-resistant rice variety library, and introduce cold-resistant genes into the excellent rice varieties in the cold-resistant rice variety library; The quality traits and yield traits of each excellent rice variety in the cold-resistant rice variety library are evaluated, and breeding and cultivation tests are carried out based on the quality traits and yield traits, and the rice variety is determined based on the trait identification and evaluation of the test results.

3. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The germplasm improvement in step 1 includes: Low temperature pre-adaptation: soak the rice seeds in low temperature conditions of 10℃-15℃ for 16-24 hours, then move them into warm water at a temperature of 30-35℃ and soak them for 5-8 minutes; Antifreeze protein expression: Antifreeze protein genes are introduced into rice seeds using genetic engineering technology, so that the seeds express antifreeze protein during germination; Seed soaking treatment: Soak the seeds in soaking liquid at a temperature of 35-37℃ for 12-16 hours. After soaking, rinse the seeds with clean water and carry out germination treatment.

4. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The seed soaking solution comprises: 550-700 ml / L of biogas slurry, 80-150 ml / L of sodium hypochlorite solution, 50-100 g / L of betaine, 0.8-1.2 g / L of proline, and the balance is water.

5. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation soil treatment comprises: Increase the application of organic fertilizer: Determine the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied based on the soil fertility and rice growth requirements, and mix the organic fertilizer with the soil thoroughly before applying it to the land; Improve soil structure: add soil conditioners to the soil to neutralize soil pH, and break up soil compaction through deep plowing and rotary tillage; Ground film covering: Lay the ground film after sowing, fit it tightly to the soil surface, and compact the edge of the film with soil blocks. At the same time, remove the film and ventilate the rice in time according to weather conditions and rice growth needs.

6. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage layer conditioning comprises: weeding the rice field, and performing deep tillage operation with a depth of not less than 20 cm, and performing soil moistening and renovation operation after 2-3 days to ensure that the soil moisture is within the range of 5-8%.

7. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The field management specifically includes: Monitor the temperature data of the plot to be sown in real time, and sow the germinated rice seeds when the temperature is stable at 5-10℃; The rice seeds are managed during the heading stage by spraying cold-resistant growth regulators and increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and artificial assisted pollination is carried out during the flowering stage.

8. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Based on water-saving irrigation technology, the irrigation water volume and irrigation time are controlled, and the irrigation plan is adjusted according to weather changes and rice growth conditions.

9. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The field management also includes: Obtain local historical low temperature climate data, analyze the low temperature climate patterns of the current season, and arrange rice planting periods based on the low temperature climate patterns; Establish a rice low temperature chilling damage early warning system, set early warning thresholds, and issue early warning information when the forecast temperature is lower than the minimum temperature required for rice growth; Match the emergency response mechanism based on the early warning information, take corresponding defense measures based on the emergency response mechanism, and improve and utilize the microclimate ecological environment.

10. A rice cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature and chilling damage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 of harvesting the rice in time after it matures also includes: controlling the effective irrigation water depth in the field to be below 1.5 cm 15-30 days before harvest, and keeping the field dry 2-3 days before harvest.

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