Laser forging hybrid welding and repairing device applying restraint layer and method of laser forging hybrid welding and repairing device

Abstract

The invention provides a laser forging hybrid welding and repairing device applying a restraint layer. The laser forging hybrid welding and repairing device comprises a working platform, a machining master control system, a continuous laser oil removal control device, a pulse laser forging device, a restraint layer real-time coating control device and a welding and repairing control device, wherein the continuous laser oil removal control device, the pulse laser forging device, the restraint layer real-time coating control device and the welding and repairing control device are controlled by the machining master control system. The working platform is used for placing a part to be welded and repaired, and the part is provided with a groove to be welded; when the welding and repairing control device is used for welding and repairing the to-be-welded groove, a welding seam is formed between the inner wall of the to-be-welded groove and a welding material; and the restraint layer real-time coating control device is used for coating the welding seam to form a restraint layer. By applying the restraint layer, improving the impact force and the impact strengthening effect, utilizing the impact wave mechanical effect and through continuous impact forging, a'forged 'microstructure is formed, grain refinement is achieved, meanwhile, the distribution state of residual stress is reconstructed, harm generated by welding and repairing stress is eliminated, and the mechanical property of a welding seam is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding and repairing, and in particular to a laser forging composite welding and repairing device and method for applying a constrained layer. Background Art

[0002] Welding and repair is a complex process involving arc physics, heat transfer, metallurgy and mechanics. During the welding and repair process, due to the instantaneous action of high-energy heat sources, an uneven and unstable temperature field is formed near the weld and the surrounding parent metal. The volume change caused by thermal stress and microstructure phase change causes elastic-plastic deformation of the component. The uneven and uncoordinated plastic deformation eventually produces residual stress and deformation. Under the superposition of ambient temperature and external load, the residual stress will be dynamically distributed. The unevenly distributed residual stress is prone to cause deformation instability, crack propagation and even fracture failure of the component. Residual stress and deformation are important factors that affect the processing and installation accuracy of components, reduce the bearing capacity and stability of the structure, and affect the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Phenomena and accidents such as structural deformation, fracture failure, stress corrosion and fatigue damage caused by residual stress are common, which have a significant impact on the safe, stable and reliable service of mechanical components such as aerospace welded thin-walled components, pressure vessel bodies, bridge and ship welding bodies.

[0003] At the same time, in the process of weld formation, the existing welding and repair technology will produce internal defects such as pores, lack of fusion, cracks and shrinkage in the local area of ​​the weld due to changes in process parameters, external environment and metal molten pool state, which will also affect the comprehensive performance of the final weld and the service life of the parts. Therefore, it is extremely important to regulate the residual stress of the welded and repaired components and eliminate internal defects such as pores and lack of fusion. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for laser forging composite welding and repair with a constrained layer, which can solve the problems of structural deformation, fracture failure, stress corrosion and fatigue damage caused by uneven distribution of residual stress, as well as internal defects such as pores, lack of fusion, cracks and shrinkage in local areas inside the weld.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A laser forging composite welding and repairing device for applying a constrained layer, comprising a working platform, a processing master control system, and a continuous laser degreasing control device, a pulse laser forging device, a constrained layer real-time coating control device and a welding and repairing control device controlled by the processing master control system; The working platform is used to place parts to be welded and repaired, and the parts have grooves to be welded; When the welding and repairing control device welds and repairs the groove to be welded, a weld is formed between the inner wall of the groove to be welded and the welding material; the constraint layer real-time coating control device coats the weld to form a constraint layer; The continuous laser degreasing control device performs a removal operation on the constrained layer.

[0006] As a preferred solution, the welding and repair control device includes a wire feeding mechanism, a gas tank and a welding gun. The feed port of the welding gun is connected to the outlet of the wire feeding mechanism. The wire feeding mechanism conveys welding wire to the welding gun, and the welding gun melts the welding wire and welds it on the groove to be welded; the gas tank outputs protective gas to the weld; the real-time coating control device for the constrained layer has a constrained layer coating head, which coats the weld to form a constrained layer; the pulse laser forging device has a forging laser head, which emits a pulsed laser beam to laser forge the weld; the continuous laser deoiling control device has a deoiling laser head, which emits a continuous laser beam to remove the constrained layer.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the constraining layer is made of one of silicone oil, glycerol, mineral oil or polyethylene glycol; the thickness of the constraining layer is less than 10 mm and covers the laser forging area.

[0008] As a preferred solution, the welding and repair control device adopts one of an arc welding and repair control device, a laser welding and repair control device or a plasma arc welding and repair control device.

[0009] As a preferred solution, the pulsed laser beam is vertically focused on the solidification zone in the weld which is in a high temperature state; and the angle between the nozzle center line of the welding gun and the welding plane of the part is 40° to 50°.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the protective gas output by the gas storage tank during welding and repair includes argon and carbon dioxide.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the method for welding and repairing by the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer includes the following steps: S1: placing the parts to be welded and repaired on the working platform, scanning the target position of the parts by an external optical dynamic scanning measuring instrument, and transmitting the obtained size information of the target area to the processing master control system for analysis; the processing master control system is used to analyze the obtained part size, plan the working path of the welding and repair control device and the pulse laser forging device, and set the process parameters of the welding and repair control device and the pulse laser forging device; S2: Using the size information of the target area described in S1, the parts to be welded and repaired are subjected to subtractive processing to form a groove to be welded; the wire feeding mechanism starts to feed the welding wire, and the welding gun melts the welding wire at the groove to be welded according to the working path and process parameters of the welding and repair control device planned in step S1; the constraint layer real-time coating control device coats a transparent liquid substance on the surface of the weld in a high temperature state to form a constraint layer; the forging laser head performs laser forging on the weld coated with the constraint layer according to the working path and process parameters of the pulse laser forging device described in step S1; S3: When the weld is laser forged, the continuous laser degreasing control device controls the degreasing laser head to emit a continuous laser beam directly onto the area after laser forging to remove the constrained layer.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the specific content of step S1 is: The dimensional information of the target area is obtained by scanning the parts with an external optical dynamic scanning measuring instrument, including the geometric dimensions of the parts and the depth, width and length of the groove to be welded, and the measurement data is transmitted to the processing control system for analysis; the process parameters of the welding and repair control device and the pulse laser forging device are determined, including the specifications of the welding wire, the speed at which the wire feeding mechanism conveys the welding wire, and the pulse width and spot size of the pulse laser beam.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the specific content of step S2 is: Step S201, using the size information of the target area described in S1, the parts to be welded and repaired are subjected to subtractive processing to form a groove to be welded; Step S202, at the groove to be welded, after the gas storage tank outputs continuous shielding gas to cover the welding and repairing area, the wire feeding mechanism starts to feed the welding wire, and the welding gun melts the welding wire at the groove to be welded according to the working path and process parameters of the welding and repairing control device planned in step S1; a weld is formed between the inner wall of the groove to be welded and the welding material; Step S203, controlling the constrained layer coating head through the constrained layer real-time coating control device to coat the surface of the solidification zone in the weld at a high temperature to form a constrained layer, and the constrained layer covers and exceeds the width of the weld to form a weld to be strengthened area; In step S204, in the weld area to be strengthened, the forging laser head emits a pulsed laser beam according to the working path and process parameters of the pulsed laser forging device in step S1. The pulsed laser beam directly acts on the surface of the constrained layer and penetrates the constrained layer to perform laser forging on the area in the weld that is rapidly cooled to the optimal forging temperature range.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the specific content of step S2 is: Finite element simulation is used to calculate the changes in welding and repair molten pool temperature under ambient temperature, and data is collected in real time and sent to the processing control system. The time required for the weld to cool to the optimal forging temperature range is determined, and the repetition frequency and power of the pulsed laser beam required for laser forging are reasonably allocated and regulated, thereby performing real-time regulation to ensure that the laser forging process is carried out accurately. The processing control system controls the pulsed laser forging device and the constrained layer real-time coating control device to perform continuous coating and laser forging operations.

[0015] As a preferred solution, the continuous laser degreasing control device collects the coating thickness of the constrained layer, reasonably distributes and controls the power and scanning speed of the continuous laser beam required for degreasing, and performs real-time control.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the constraint layer coating head and the forging laser head are coupled and fixed, and always keep the same position and move synchronously during the welding and repair and strengthening process; the forging laser head directly acts on the solidification zone in the weld which is in a high temperature state; the distance between the welding gun and the forging laser head depends on the optimal forging temperature range of different materials; the degreasing laser head directly acts on the area after laser forging to remove the constraint layer until the welding and repair and strengthening work of the entire part is completed.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The present invention effectively improves the impact force and impact strengthening effect by applying a constraint layer, and utilizes the shock wave mechanical effect. The pulsed laser beam is the "force source", which acts precisely on the easy plastic deformation area in the optimal forging temperature zone. Through continuous impact forging, a "forged" microstructure is formed, grain refinement is achieved, and the distribution state of residual stress is reconstructed at the same time, eliminating the hazards caused by welding and repair stress, which helps to inhibit stress corrosion of the weld and improve the mechanical properties of the weld.

[0018] 2) The present invention applies a constraint layer to achieve efficient laser forging strengthening of parts, and ensures that the welding and repair process of the groove to be welded is not affected by continuous laser beam degreasing. Using the thermal effect of the continuous laser beam, the laser energy is absorbed by the oil stain, generating local high temperature. After the oil stain is heated, it will gasify. As the temperature rises, the oil stain will quickly turn into steam, forming bubbles and taking away the oil stain as the bubbles burst. At the same time, due to the accuracy and selectivity of the continuous laser beam treatment, laser degreasing can not only remove the oil stain efficiently, but also cause less damage to the substrate, and can maintain the integrity of the surface.

[0019] 3) The present invention can improve the quality of welding and repair manufacturing by applying a constrained layer through laser forging composite welding and repair, and provide a new approach and guidance for the low-stress, long-life manufacturing and processing of welding and repair parts. The device of the present invention can not only realize the coating and removal of the constrained layer, but also realize the laser forging operation while welding and repairing, abandoning the previous single, inefficient and poor welding and repair effect welding and repair process on parts. At the same time, the present invention avoids the early pretreatment and additional post-processing steps, greatly improving the welding and repair efficiency and welding and repair quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a method for laser forging composite welding and repairing with a constrained layer.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall composite structure of a laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constraint layer applied in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a composite processing schematic diagram of a laser forging composite welding and repair device with a constraint layer applied in the present invention.

[0023] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals: 1-processing master control system, 2-continuous laser degreasing control device, 3-pulse laser forging device, 4-constraint layer real-time coating control device, 5-welding and repair control device, 51-wire supply mechanism, 52-gas storage tank, 6-welding gun, 7-constraint layer coating head, 8-forging laser head, 9-degreasing laser head, 10-bevel to be welded, 11-weld, 12-parts, 13-working platform, 14-welding wire, 15-shielding gas, 16-constraint layer, 17-pulse laser beam, 18-continuous laser beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] The following describes the embodiments of the present disclosure through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the advantages and effects of the present disclosure from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. The present disclosure can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0026] Embodiment 1 like Figure 2-3 As shown, a laser forging composite welding and repairing device for applying a constrained layer includes a working platform 13, a processing master control system 1, and a continuous laser degreasing control device 2, a pulse laser forging device 3, a constrained layer real-time coating control device 4 and a welding and repairing control device 5 controlled by the processing master control system 1; The working platform 13 is used to place the part 12 to be welded and repaired, and the part 12 has a groove 10 to be welded; when the welding and repair control device 5 welds and repairs the groove 10 to be welded, a weld 11 is formed between the inner wall of the groove 10 to be welded and the welding material; the real-time coating control device 4 of the constrained layer coats the weld 11 to form a constrained layer 16; the continuous laser degreasing control device 2 removes the constrained layer 16.

[0027] The present invention effectively improves the impact force and impact strengthening effect by applying a constraint layer 16, and utilizes the shock wave mechanical effect. The pulsed laser beam 17 is the "force source", which acts precisely on the easy plastic deformation area of ​​the optimal forging temperature zone. Through continuous impact forging, a "forged" microstructure is formed, grain refinement is achieved, and the distribution state of residual stress is reconstructed at the same time, eliminating the hazards caused by welding and repair stress, helping to inhibit stress corrosion of the weld and improve the mechanical properties of the weld.

[0028] Furthermore, the welding and repair control device 5 includes a wire feeding mechanism 51, a gas tank 52 and a welding gun 6, the feed port of the welding gun 6 is connected to the outlet of the wire feeding mechanism 51, the wire feeding mechanism 51 conveys welding wire 14 to the welding gun 6, and the welding gun 6 melts the welding wire 14 and welds it on the groove 10 to be welded; the gas tank 52 outputs the protective gas 15 to the weld 11; the constrained layer real-time coating control device 4 has a constrained layer coating head 7, the constrained layer coating head 7 coats the weld 11 to form a constrained layer 16; the pulse laser forging device 3 has a forging laser head 8, the forging laser head 8 emits a pulsed laser beam 17 to laser forge the weld 11; the continuous laser degreasing control device 2 has a degreasing laser head 9, the degreasing laser head 9 emits a continuous laser beam 18 to remove the constrained layer 16.

[0029] The present invention applies the constraint layer 16 to achieve efficient laser forging strengthening of the parts, and removes oil through the continuous laser beam 18 to ensure that the welding and repair processes of the groove to be welded are not affected. By utilizing the thermal effect of the continuous laser beam 18, the laser energy is absorbed by the oil stain, generating local high temperature. After the oil stain is heated, gasification occurs. As the temperature rises, the oil stain will quickly turn into steam, forming bubbles and taking away the oil stain as the bubbles burst. At the same time, due to the accuracy and selectivity of the continuous laser beam 18 treatment, laser degreasing can not only remove the oil stain efficiently, but also cause less damage to the substrate, and can maintain the integrity of the surface.

[0030] Furthermore, the constraining layer 16 is made of one of silicone oil, glycerol, mineral oil or polyethylene glycol; the thickness of the constraining layer 16 is less than 10 mm, and covers the laser forging area.

[0031] Furthermore, the welding and repair control device 5 is an arc welding and repair control device, a laser welding and repair control device or a plasma arc welding and repair control device.

[0032] Furthermore, the pulse laser beam 17 is vertically focused on the solidification zone in the weld 11 which is in a high temperature state; and the angle between the nozzle center line of the welding gun 6 and the welding plane of the part 12 is 40° to 50°.

[0033] Furthermore, the protective gas output by the gas storage tank 52 during welding and repairing includes argon and carbon dioxide.

[0034] Furthermore, the method for welding and repairing by the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1: placing the part 12 to be welded and repaired on the work platform 13, scanning the target position of the part 12 by an external optical dynamic scanning measuring instrument, and transmitting the obtained size information of the target area to the processing control system 1 for analysis; the processing control system 1 is used to analyze the obtained size of the part 12, plan the working path of the welding and repair control device 5 and the pulse laser forging device 3, and set the process parameters of the welding and repair control device 5 and the pulse laser forging device 3; S2: Based on the size information of the target area described in S1, the part 12 to be welded and repaired is subjected to subtractive processing to form a groove 10 to be welded; the wire feeding mechanism 51 starts to feed the welding wire 14, and the welding gun 6 melts the welding wire 14 at the groove 10 to be welded according to the working path and process parameters of the welding and repair control device 5 planned in step S1; the constraint layer real-time coating control device 4 coats a transparent liquid substance on the surface of the weld 11 in a high temperature state to form a constraint layer 16; the forging laser head 8 performs laser forging on the weld 11 coated with the constraint layer 16 according to the working path and process parameters of the pulse laser forging device 3 in step S1; S3: When the weld 11 is laser forged, the continuous laser degreasing control device 2 controls the degreasing laser head 9 to emit a continuous laser beam 18 to directly irradiate the area after laser forging to remove the constrained layer 16.

[0035] Furthermore, the specific content of step S1 is: The dimensional information of the target area is obtained by scanning the part 12 with an external optical dynamic scanning measuring instrument, including the geometric dimensions of the part 12 and the depth, width and length of the groove 10 to be welded, and the measurement data is transmitted to the processing control system 1 for analysis; the process parameters of the welding and repair control device 5 and the pulse laser forging device 3 are determined, including the specifications of the welding wire 14, the speed at which the wire feeding mechanism 51 conveys the welding wire 14, and the pulse width and spot size of the pulse laser beam 17.

[0036] Furthermore, the specific content of step S2 is: Step S201, using the size information of the target area described in S1, the part 12 to be welded and repaired is subjected to subtractive processing to form a groove 10 to be welded; Step S202, at the groove 10 to be welded, after the gas storage tank 52 outputs continuous shielding gas to cover the welding and repairing area, the wire feeding mechanism 51 starts to feed the welding wire 14, and the welding gun 6 melts the welding wire 14 at the groove 10 to be welded according to the working path and process parameters of the welding and repairing control device 5 planned in step S1; a weld 11 is formed between the inner wall of the groove 10 to be welded and the welding material; Step S203, controlling the constrained layer coating head 7 through the constrained layer real-time coating control device 4 to coat the surface of the solidification zone in the weld 11 which is in a high temperature state, to form a constrained layer 16, and the constrained layer 16 covers and exceeds the width of the weld 11, to form a weld to be strengthened area; In step S204, in the weld area to be strengthened, the forging laser head 8 emits a pulse laser beam 17 according to the working path and process parameters of the pulse laser forging device 3 in step S1. The pulse laser beam 17 directly acts on the surface of the constraint layer 16 and penetrates the constraint layer 16 to perform laser forging on the area in the weld 11 that is rapidly cooled to the optimal forging temperature range.

[0037] Furthermore, the specific content of step S2 is: Finite element simulation is used to calculate the changes in the temperature of the welding and repair molten pools under ambient temperature, and data is collected in real time and sent to the processing control system 1; the time required for the temperature of the weld 11 to cool to the optimal forging temperature range is determined, and the repetition frequency and power of the pulsed laser beam 17 required for laser forging are reasonably allocated and regulated, thereby performing real-time regulation to ensure that the laser forging process is carried out accurately; the processing control system 1 controls the pulsed laser forging device 3 and the constrained layer real-time coating control device 4 to perform continuous coating and laser forging operations.

[0038] It should be noted that finite element simulation: finite element simulation is also DEFORM-3D. DEFORM-3D is a simulation analysis of comprehensive modeling, forming, heat conduction and forming equipment characteristics in an integrated environment. It is suitable for hot, cold and warm forming, and provides extremely valuable process analysis data. Such as: material flow, mold filling, forging load, mold stress, grain flow, metal microstructure and defect generation and development. DEFORM-3D functions are similar to 2D, but it processes complex three-dimensional parts, molds, etc. This is an existing technology, and relevant information can be found on the web page.

[0039] Furthermore, the continuous laser degreasing control device 2 collects the coating thickness of the constraining layer 16, reasonably allocates and controls the power and scanning speed of the continuous laser beam 18 required for degreasing, and performs real-time control. The laser degreasing process utilizes the occurrence of thermal effect. After the laser energy is absorbed by the oil stain, local high temperature is generated. After the oil stain is heated, gasification will occur. As the temperature rises, the oil stain will quickly turn into steam, forming bubbles and taking away the oil stain with the rupture of the bubbles; at the same time, due to the accuracy and selectivity of the continuous laser beam 18 processing, laser degreasing can not only remove oil stains efficiently, but also cause less damage to the substrate and maintain the integrity of the surface.

[0040] Furthermore, the constrained layer coating head 7 and the forging laser head 8 are coupled and fixed, and always keep the same position and move synchronously during the welding and repair and strengthening process; the forging laser head 8 directly acts on the solidification zone in the weld 11 which is in a high temperature state; the distance between the welding gun 6 and the forging laser head 8 depends on the optimal forging temperature range of different materials; the degreasing laser head 9 directly acts on the area after laser forging to remove the constrained layer 16 until the welding and repair and strengthening work of the entire part 12 is completed. The optimal forging temperature range is the solidification zone of the weld 11 which is in a high temperature state behind the molten pool. The optimal forging temperature range of different materials is different, which is related to the recrystallization temperature and melting point of the material, and can be obtained by consulting the data manual or experiment.

[0041] The present invention can improve the quality of welding and repair manufacturing by applying laser forging composite welding and repair of the constraint layer 16, and provide a new way and guidance for the low-stress and long-life manufacturing and processing of the parts 12 to be welded and repaired. The device of the present invention can not only realize the coating and removal of the constraint layer 16, but also realize the laser forging operation while welding and repairing, abandoning the previous single, inefficient and poor welding and repairing effect welding and repair process on the parts. At the same time, the present invention avoids the early pretreatment and additional post-processing steps, greatly improving the welding and repair efficiency and welding and repair quality.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "middle", "length", "up", "down", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature "on" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. "Multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] The above is only for explaining the implementation mode of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention without creative work should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser forging composite welding and repair device with a constrained layer, characterized in that: It comprises a working platform (13), a processing master control system (1), and a continuous laser degreasing control device (2), a pulse laser forging device (3), a constrained layer real-time coating control device (4), and a welding and repair control device (5) controlled by the processing master control system (1); The working platform (13) is used to place a part (12) to be welded and repaired, and the part (12) has a groove (10) to be welded; When the welding and repairing control device (5) performs welding and repairing on the groove to be welded (10), a weld (11) is formed between the inner wall of the groove to be welded (10) and the welding material; the constraining layer real-time coating control device (4) coats the weld (11) to form a constraining layer (16); The continuous laser oil removal control device (2) performs a removal operation on the constrained layer (16).

2. The laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The welding and repair control device (5) comprises a wire feeding mechanism (51), a gas storage tank (52) and a welding gun (6); the feed port of the welding gun (6) is connected to the outlet of the wire feeding mechanism (51); the wire feeding mechanism (51) delivers welding wire (14) to the welding gun (6); the welding gun (6) melts the welding wire (14) and welds it to the groove (10) to be welded; the gas storage tank (52) outputs the protective gas (15) to the weld (11); the real-time coating control of the constraint layer The device (4) has a constrained layer coating head (7), which coats the weld (11) to form a constrained layer (16); the pulse laser forging device (3) has a forging laser head (8), which emits a pulsed laser beam (17) to laser forge the weld (11); and the continuous laser degreasing control device (2) has a degreasing laser head (9), which emits a continuous laser beam (18) to remove the constrained layer (16).

3. The laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The constraining layer (16) is made of one of silicone oil, glycerol, mineral oil or polyethylene glycol; the thickness of the constraining layer (16) is less than 10 mm, and covers the laser forging area.

4. The laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The welding and repair control device (5) is an arc welding and repair control device, a laser welding and repair control device or a plasma arc welding and repair control device.

5. The laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The pulsed laser beam (17) is vertically focused on a solidification zone in a high-temperature state in the weld (11); and the angle between the nozzle center line of the welding gun (6) and the welding plane of the part (12) is 40° to 50°.

6. The laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The protective gas output by the gas storage tank (52) during welding and repair includes argon gas and carbon dioxide.

7. A method for welding and repairing using the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as described in any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: placing a part (12) to be welded and repaired on a work platform (13), scanning a target position of the part (12) by an external optical dynamic scanning measuring instrument, and transmitting the obtained size information of the target area to a processing master control system (1) for analysis; the processing master control system (1) is used to analyze the obtained size of the part (12), plan the working path of the welding and repair control device (5) and the pulse laser forging device (3), and set the process parameters of the welding and repair control device (5) and the pulse laser forging device (3); S2: Based on the size information of the target area described in S1, the part (12) to be welded and repaired is subjected to subtractive processing to form a groove to be welded (10); the wire feeding mechanism (51) starts to feed the welding wire (14), and the welding gun (6) melts the welding wire (14) at the groove to be welded (10) according to the working path and process parameters of the welding and repair control device (5) planned in step S1; the constraint layer real-time coating control device (4) coats a transparent liquid substance on the surface of the weld (11) in a high temperature state to form a constraint layer (16); the forging laser head (8) performs laser forging on the weld (11) coated with the constraint layer (16) according to the working path and process parameters of the pulse laser forging device (3) described in step S1; S3: When the weld (11) is laser forged, the continuous laser degreasing control device (2) controls the degreasing laser head (9) to emit a continuous laser beam (18) to directly irradiate the area after laser forging, so as to remove the constraining layer (16).

8. The method for welding and repairing by using the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The specific content of step S1 is: The dimensional information of the target area is obtained by scanning the part (12) with an external optical dynamic scanning measuring instrument, including the geometric dimensions of the part (12) and the depth, width and length of the groove (10) to be welded, and the measurement data is transmitted to the processing control system (1) for analysis; the process parameters of the welding and repair control device (5) and the pulse laser forging device (3) are determined, including the specifications of the welding wire (14), the speed of the wire feeding mechanism (51) to transport the welding wire (14) and the pulse width and spot size of the pulse laser beam (17).

9. The method for welding and repairing by using the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The specific content of step S2 is: Step S201, using the size information of the target area described in S1, performing subtractive processing on the part (12) to be welded and repaired to form a groove (10) to be welded; Step S202, at the groove to be welded (10), after the gas storage tank (52) outputs continuous shielding gas to cover the welding and repairing area, the wire feeding mechanism (51) starts to feed the welding wire (14), and the welding gun (6) melts the welding wire (14) at the groove to be welded (10) according to the working path and process parameters of the welding and repairing control device (5) planned in step S1; a weld (11) is formed between the inner wall of the groove to be welded (10) and the welding material; Step S203, controlling the constrained layer coating head (7) by the constrained layer real-time coating control device (4) to coat the surface of the solidification zone in the weld (11) which is in a high temperature state, to form a constrained layer (16), wherein the constrained layer (16) covers and exceeds the width of the weld (11), to form a weld to be strengthened zone; Step S204: In the weld seam to be strengthened area, the forging laser head (8) emits a pulsed laser beam (17) according to the working path and process parameters of the pulsed laser forging device (3) in step S1; the pulsed laser beam (17) directly acts on the surface of the constrained layer (16) and penetrates the constrained layer (16), and laser forges the area in the weld seam (11) that is rapidly cooled to an optimal forging temperature range.

10. The method for welding and repairing by using the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The specific content of step S2 is: Finite element simulation is used to calculate the temperature changes of the welding and repair molten pools under ambient temperature, and data is collected in real time and sent to the processing control system (1); the time required for the temperature of the weld (11) to cool to the optimal forging temperature range is determined, and the repetition frequency and power of the pulsed laser beam (17) required for laser forging are reasonably allocated and regulated, thereby performing real-time regulation to enable the laser forging process to be carried out accurately; the processing control system (1) controls the pulsed laser forging device (3) and the constrained layer real-time coating control device (4) to perform continuous coating and laser forging operations.

11. The method for welding and repairing by using the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The continuous laser degreasing control device (2) collects the coating thickness of the constraining layer (16), reasonably distributes and regulates the power and scanning speed of the continuous laser beam (18) required for degreasing, and performs real-time regulation.

12. The method for welding and repairing by using the laser forging composite welding and repairing device with a constrained layer as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The constrained layer coating head (7) and the forging laser head (8) are coupled and fixed, and always keep the same position during the welding and repair and strengthening process, and move synchronously; the forging laser head (8) directly acts on the solidification zone in the weld (11) which is in a high temperature state; the distance between the welding gun (6) and the forging laser head (8) depends on the optimal forging temperature range of different materials; the degreasing laser head (9) directly acts on the area after laser forging to remove the constrained layer (16) until the welding and repair and strengthening work of the entire part (12) is completed.

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