Diversion tunnel, flood spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel and ecological drainage tunnel combined structure and construction method of diversion tunnel, flood spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel and ecological drainage tunnel combined structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and discloses a diversion tunnel, flood spilling tunnel, flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel and ecological drainage tunnel combined structure and a construction method thereof. The structure comprises a flood spilling tunnel vertical shaft section, the diversion tunnel is formed in one end of the bottom of the flood spilling tunnel vertical shaft section, and a flood spilling tunnel recession tunnel section is arranged at the other end of the bottom of the flood spilling tunnel vertical shaft section; the flood spilling tunnel recession tunnel section is connected with the flood spilling tunnel vertical shaft section through a horizontal pressure slope section; a stilling pool, a diversion tunnel and a spillway tunnel vertical shaft section are arranged at the tail end of the spillway tunnel recession tunnel section, and an ecological drainage tunnel is arranged below the spillway tunnel recession tunnel section; the flood spillway vertical shaft section comprises a vertical shaft, a stilling well is downwards formed in the bottom end of the vertical shaft, a service gate is arranged on the side, close to the diversion tunnel, of the vertical shaft, when the service gate is closed, the service gate is used for playing a flood spillway function, and when the service gate is opened, the service gate is used for playing a flood discharge and sand discharge function. The structural arrangement and the construction method have the advantages of reducing the engineering quantity, shortening the construction period, saving the engineering investment and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and in particular to a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel, and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, my country is in a critical period of energy structure adjustment and development, and vigorously developing clean energy has become the mainstream of China's future energy development. The power output of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation fluctuates greatly and is relatively unstable, requiring a large energy storage system to balance this fluctuation. Pumped storage power stations can meet the flexible adjustment needs of this power system and become an important project to ensure reliable power supply and enhance the system's adjustment capabilities.

[0003] Pumped storage power stations are generally built on the mountain, mainly including upper reservoirs, lower reservoirs, water delivery systems and plant systems. The hub buildings of the upper and lower reservoirs are mainly composed of water retaining buildings, water discharge buildings, power station inlets and outlets, etc. In order to ensure that hydraulic structures can be constructed on dry land, cofferdams are required and diversion tunnels are excavated to ensure that the water flows downstream in the set direction. At the same time, according to the needs of project operation and ecological environment, a certain amount of ecological flow must be discharged downstream during the operation of the power station to meet the needs of downstream ecology, residential water supply and farmland irrigation water. Considering that some mountainous areas have a lot of riverbed bedload, hydraulic structures also need to take into account the functions of flood discharge and sand removal.

[0004] If the diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sand drainage tunnel, and ecological water release tunnel are arranged separately, although they do not affect each other, it is difficult to achieve due to terrain restrictions. In addition, the excavation workload is large, the risk of adverse geological conditions is high, and it is not economical.

[0005] Currently, no effective solution has been proposed for the problems in the related technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] In response to the problems in the related technology, the present invention proposes a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand drainage tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel and a construction method thereof to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technology.

[0007] To this end, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel, comprising a spillway shaft section, a diversion tunnel is arranged at one end of the bottom of the spillway shaft section, a spillway retreat tunnel section is arranged at the other end of the bottom of the spillway shaft section, and the spillway retreat tunnel section and the spillway shaft section are connected by a horizontal pressure slope section; an energy dissipation pool is arranged at one end of the spillway retreat tunnel section away from the spillway shaft section, and an ecological water discharge tunnel is arranged below the spillway retreat tunnel section, the spillway shaft section and the diversion tunnel; wherein the spillway shaft section comprises a vertical shaft, an inlet overflow weir is arranged at the top of the vertical shaft, an energy dissipation well is downwardly opened at the bottom end of the vertical shaft, and a working gate is arranged on the side of the vertical shaft close to the diversion tunnel, which is used to exert a flood spill function when the working gate is closed, and is used to exert a flood discharge function when the working gate is opened.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the diversion tunnel and the shaft-type spillway are arranged together on one side of the water retaining structure, and the diversion tunnel is provided with a water inlet at one end of the diversion tunnel away from the shaft-type spillway. A vent is provided on the side wall of the shaft section of the spillway tunnel, and the upper port of the vent extends upward and penetrates the side wall of the shaft section of the spillway tunnel to communicate with the outside world, and the lower port of the vent extends downward to the exit of the horizontal pressure slope section. The water inlet of the ecological water discharge tunnel is provided with a trash rack, and the elevation of the water inlet is below the dead water level, and the water outlet passes through the end of the side wall of the water withdrawal tunnel. The inlet overflow weir is a circular practical weir, and the weir top elevation of the circular practical weir is the same as the normal water level elevation of the reservoir. There is no gate on the weir top of the circular practical weir, and the overflow is in a free overflow manner. The working gate is provided between the connection between the upstream tunnel section of the diversion tunnel and the shaft, and the working gate is a flat gate.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a construction method of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel is provided, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1. Determine the layout of the water discharge structure, set up a vertical shaft in the mountain just above the diversion tunnel to connect to the diversion tunnel, and combine the diversion tunnel section downstream of the vertical shaft with the drain tunnel section of the spillway, and construct it as a permanent structure;

[0012] S2. Based on the location sharing collaborative evolution algorithm, combined with the topographic and geological natural conditions where the water retaining structure is located, the location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section is determined, wherein the location information includes plane coordinates, elevation and strike angle information;

[0013] S3. According to the location information, excavation and support are performed at the exit of the diversion tunnel upstream of the shaft and the drain tunnel section of the spillway downstream of the shaft. When the diversion tunnel is excavated to the bottom of the vertical shaft section of the spillway, the vertical shaft and the energy dissipation well are excavated, and the diversion tunnel upstream of the vertical shaft section of the spillway is used as the construction channel for excavation;

[0014] S4. During the construction of the shaft excavation and support, the spillway drainage tunnel section shall be constructed simultaneously to ensure that the construction of the diversion tunnel, spillway drainage tunnel section and energy dissipation pool is completed before the closure; the construction of the spillway shaft section, working gate and working gate chamber shall be completed before the reservoir water storage acceptance;

[0015] S5. While the concrete lining is being constructed in the diversion tunnel and the spillway drainage tunnel section, steel pipes are buried as ecological drainage pipes, and trash racks are installed at the inlet of the ecological drainage pipes. The pipelines run along the inlet of the diversion tunnel to the lining concrete of the shaft section and the side wall concrete of the spillway drainage tunnel section, and exit from the end of the side wall concrete of the spillway drainage tunnel section.

[0016] Preferably, the collaborative evolution algorithm based on location sharing, in combination with the topographic and geological natural conditions where the water retaining structure is located, determines the location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section, including the following steps:

[0017] S21. Obtain the topographic and geological data of the natural conditions of the area where the water retaining structure is located, and determine the design dimensions, minimum radius of curvature and maximum slope requirements of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section;

[0018] S22, defining an optimization objective function, determining constraint conditions, and expressing the routes of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section in parameter form, and the parameter form includes plane coordinates, elevations, and strike angles;

[0019] The optimization objective functions include minimizing the construction cost, maximizing the structural stability and minimizing the impact on the surrounding ecological environment. The constraints include geological constraints, construction constraints and engineering specifications.

[0020] S23, randomly generate a set of initial solutions that meet the constraints, and each solution represents a tunnel layout plan; establish independent sub-populations for the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section, and share key location information between the sub-populations through a collaborative mechanism;

[0021] S24, calculating the fitness value of each solution according to the fitness evaluation index, selecting individuals that meet the fitness requirements, and performing crossover and mutation operations on the selected individuals; exchanging key path information between subpopulations to ensure that the connection and avoidance relationship between tunnels are reasonable, and considering the mutual influence between tunnels;

[0022] S25, recalculate the fitness value of the newly generated individuals, update the population, and determine whether the convergence condition is satisfied. If not, continue to iterate. If so, select the solution with the highest fitness value from the final population to obtain the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section;

[0023] S26. Based on the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section, mark the plane coordinates, elevation and strike angle of key nodes.

[0024] Preferably, the calculation formula of the fitness value is:

[0025] F(x)=ω1·f c (x)+ω2·f s (x)+ω3·f e (x)-P(x)

[0026] f c (x) = α1·V e (x)+α2·L s (x)+α3·C m (x)

[0027] f s (x) = β1·S g (x)+β2·R s (x)+β3·D f (x)

[0028] f e (x) = γ1·E v (x)+γ2·W w (x)+γ3·P p (x)

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, F(x) represents the fitness value, f c (x) represents the objective function of the project cost, f s (x) represents the objective function of engineering stability, f e (x) represents the objective function of environmental impact, ω1, ω2, ω3 represent the weights of the objective function of project cost, the objective function of project stability, and the objective function of environmental impact, respectively, V e (x) represents the tunnel excavation volume, L s (x) represents the tunnel support length, C m (x) represents the cost of construction materials, α1, α2, and α3 represent the weights of tunnel excavation volume, tunnel support length, and the cost of construction materials, respectively. g (x) represents the stability of geological conditions, R s (x) represents the slope stability of the tunnel route, D f (x) represents the distance between the tunnel and the fault, β1, β2, and β3 represent the weights of the stability of geological conditions, the slope stability of the tunnel route, and the distance between the tunnel and the fault, respectively. v(x) represents the degree of damage to vegetation caused by tunnel construction, W w (x) represents the impact of tunnel construction on water bodies, P p (x) represents the pollutant emissions generated during the construction process, γ1, γ2, and γ3 represent the degree of damage to vegetation caused by tunnel construction, the impact of tunnel construction on water bodies, and the weights of pollutant emissions generated during the construction process, respectively. P(x) represents the penalty term for not meeting the constraints, and λ i represents the penalty coefficient, g i (x) represents the degree of violation of the i-th constraint by tunnel scheme x, and n represents the total number of constraints.

[0031] As a preferred method, the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel is excavated by a raise borer combined with manual excavation, specifically including:

[0032] After the pilot shaft is formed by the raise drilling rig, it is supported by manual layered excavation from top to bottom, and the slag from the pilot shaft is used to expand and discharge the slag. The diversion tunnel is used as the slag discharge channel for the vertical shaft excavation until the excavation of the vertical shaft is completed.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] 1) The present invention provides a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel, and a construction method thereof. The structure can realize diversion during the construction period and flood discharge during the operation period under the constraints of natural conditions such as topography and geology, and meet the needs of downstream ecology, residential water supply, and farmland irrigation water. At the same time, considering the frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters, when the flood discharge and sand discharge tasks are heavy and the flow rate is large, the diversion tunnel can be used as a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel during the operation period. The discharge flow and sand discharge are controlled by opening and closing the gate, and the joint discharge with the shaft spillway is realized, and the silt deposited in the reservoir area is discharged. The structure and construction method have the advantages of reducing the amount of engineering, shortening the construction period, and saving engineering investment.

[0035] 2) The present invention can fully consider the natural conditions of topography and geology by utilizing the position-sharing co-evolutionary algorithm, so as to scientifically determine the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section. This not only improves the scientificity and rationality of the engineering design, but also brings significant advantages in terms of safety, economy and environmental protection, ensuring the successful implementation and long-term operation of the project, optimizing the construction efficiency and design accuracy, and reducing the impact on the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a plan layout diagram of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal section schematic diagram of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention during operation;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at AA in the middle;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention during the diversion period;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of a construction method of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand removal tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] In the figure:

[0043] 1. Diversion tunnel inlet; 2. Diversion tunnel; 3. Vertical shaft; 4. Horizontal pressure slope section; 5. Spillway tunnel retreat tunnel section; 6. Ecological discharge tunnel; 7. Energy dissipation pool; 8. Inlet overflow weir; 9. Energy dissipation well; 10. Working gate; 11. Vent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, ordinary technicians in the field should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand removal tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel and a construction method thereof are provided.

[0046] The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, according to one aspect of the present invention, a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel is provided. The discharge structure in the structure adopts a gateless controlled spillway, which specifically includes a spillway shaft section, a diversion tunnel 2 is provided at one end of the bottom of the spillway shaft section, a spillway retreat tunnel section 5 is provided at the other end of the bottom of the spillway shaft section, and the spillway retreat tunnel section 5 is connected to the spillway shaft section through a horizontal pressure slope section 4. In specific application, the spillway retreat tunnel section 5 is shared with the diversion tunnel 2, and is composed of the horizontal pressure slope section 4 and the spillway retreat tunnel section 5, ensuring that the flow state of water at the junction of the tunnel and the well is basically stable, the horizontal pressure slope section 4 is connected to the spillway retreat tunnel section 5, and has a gate-shaped cross-section. The spillway retreat tunnel section 5 is lined with 0.5m thick C30 reinforced concrete; a force dissipation device is provided at the end of the spillway retreat tunnel section 5 away from the spillway shaft section. Pool 7, in specific application, the water flow at the outlet of the spillway retreat tunnel section 5 merges into the downstream gully, and a step energy dissipation is set at the tunnel outlet. The downstream of the step is expanded and excavated in combination with the terrain to form an energy dissipation pool 7 to reduce the scouring effect on the mountain and the downstream valley. An ecological drainage tunnel 6 is set below the spillway retreat tunnel section 5, the spillway shaft section and the diversion tunnel 2. In specific application, the diversion tunnel 2 is combined with the spillway shaft section and the ecological drainage tunnel 6 and arranged in the mountain on the same side. The axis formed by the diversion tunnel 2 and the spillway is a straight line. An energy dissipation pool 7 is set at the outlet of the spillway retreat tunnel section 5; wherein, the spillway shaft section includes a shaft 3. In specific application, the shaft has a diameter of 4m, and the lining thickness on both sides is 2m respectively. An inlet overflow weir 8 is set at the top of the shaft 3, and an energy dissipation pool 9 is opened downward at the bottom of the shaft 3 to prevent the water flow from directly impacting the shaft bottom plate. A working gate 10 is set on the side of the shaft 3 close to the diversion tunnel 2.

[0047] In specific applications, during the operation period, by setting a working gate 10 at the upstream of the vertical shaft section, the flood mainly overflows through the vertical shaft 3 and is discharged through the spillway retreat tunnel section 5, at which time the flood spillway function is played. In addition, when the flood discharge task is large, the working gate 10 can be opened to help discharge flood water and discharge sand; during the construction period, the diversion tunnel 2 is connected to the spillway retreat tunnel section 5 through the horizontal pressure slope section 4, and the energy dissipation well 9 below the vertical shaft is backfilled with crushed stone slag. At this time, the diversion tunnel 2 and the spillway tunnel 3 are mainly used for temporary flow, and are also used for diversion during the construction period and flood spillway during the operation period. The ecological water discharge tunnel 6 is arranged in combination with the diversion tunnel 2 and the spillway tunnel, and the water in the ecological water discharge tunnel 6 flows directly into the downstream river channel.

[0048] In one embodiment, the diversion tunnel 2 and the spillway shaft section are arranged together on one side of the water retaining structure, and the diversion tunnel 2 is provided with a diversion tunnel water inlet 1 at one end away from the spillway shaft section. The side wall of the spillway shaft section is provided with a circular vent 11 to meet the ventilation requirements, and the upper port of the vent 11 extends upward and penetrates the side wall of the spillway shaft section to communicate with the outside world, and the lower port of the vent 11 extends downward to the outlet of the horizontal pressure slope section 4 to meet the aeration requirements and reduce the negative pressure of the horizontal pressure slope section. In specific applications, the inner diameter of the circular vent is 0.8m and the wall thickness is 10mm. The ecological drainage tunnel 6 is realized by burying steel pipes. Considering the local runoff flow, the diameter of the ecological flow pipe is determined according to the ecological flow value. The ecological flow pipe is combined with the diversion tunnel 1 and the shaft-type spillway. The water inlet of the ecological discharge tunnel 6 is provided with a trash rack to prevent debris from entering and clogging the steel pipe. The elevation of the water inlet is below the dead water level, and the water outlet passes through the end of the side wall of the spillway backwater tunnel section 5. The inlet overflow weir 8 is a circular practical weir, and the weir top elevation of the circular practical weir is the same as the normal water level elevation of the reservoir. There is no gate on the weir top of the circular practical weir, and the overflow is in a free overflow mode. The working gate 10 is provided between the upstream tunnel section of the diversion tunnel 2 and the connection between the shaft section of the spillway, and the working gate 10 is a flat gate that can control the discharge flow.

[0049] According to another aspect of the present invention, Figure 5 As shown, a construction method of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel is provided, and the construction method comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1. Determine the layout of the discharge structure, set up a vertical shaft of the spillway tunnel in the mountain just above the diversion tunnel, connect it to the diversion tunnel, and combine the diversion tunnel section downstream of the shaft with the drain tunnel section of the spillway tunnel, and construct it as a permanent structure;

[0051] S2. Based on the location sharing collaborative evolution algorithm, combined with the topographic and geological natural conditions where the water retaining structure is located, the location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section is determined, wherein the location information includes plane coordinates, elevation and strike angle information;

[0052] Specifically, the collaborative evolution algorithm based on location sharing, combined with the topographic and geological natural conditions where the water retaining structure is located, determines the location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section, including the following steps:

[0053] S21. Obtain the topographic and geological natural condition data of the area where the water retaining structure is located, and determine the design dimensions (such as diameter, cross-sectional shape), minimum radius of curvature and maximum slope of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section based on the design drawings;

[0054] Specifically, topographic, geological and natural conditions data include:

[0055] Topographic data: High-precision digital elevation model (DEM) of the project area and 1:1000 or 1:500 scale topographic map. Information on topographic features such as river direction and mountain undulations.

[0056] Geological data: Geological data such as regional rock layer distribution, lithology characteristics, fault location, degree of fissure development, etc. Information on adverse geological phenomena such as groundwater level, karst caves, and weak layers.

[0057] Collect hydrological and meteorological data: average river flow over many years, maximum flood flow, rainfall, etc. Understand flood frequency and possible extreme climate conditions.

[0058] S22, defining an optimization objective function, determining constraint conditions, and expressing the routes of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section in parameter form, and the parameter form includes plane coordinates, elevations, and strike angles;

[0059] Among them, the optimization objective function is defined as:

[0060] Economic goal: Minimize the construction cost, including excavation volume, support costs, etc.

[0061] Safety goals: maximize structural stability and avoid geological disaster risks;

[0062] Environmental protection goals: Minimize the impact on the surrounding ecological environment;

[0063] Identify the constraints:

[0064] Geological constraints: avoid unfavorable geological areas such as faults, caves, and weak rock formations;

[0065] Construction constraints: Consider construction accessibility, construction safety and technical feasibility;

[0066] Engineering specifications: meet the design specifications and safety requirements of national and industry standards;

[0067] Parameterized tunnel path: The routes of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section are expressed in parameter form, including plane coordinates (X, Y), elevation (Z), and strike angle (azimuth).

[0068] S23, randomly generate a set of initial solutions that meet the constraints, and each solution represents a tunnel layout plan; establish independent sub-populations for the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section, and share key location information between the sub-populations through a collaborative mechanism;

[0069] S24. Calculate the fitness value of each solution according to the fitness evaluation index, select individuals that meet the fitness requirements, and perform crossover and mutation operations on the selected individuals; exchange key path information between subpopulations to ensure that the connection and avoidance relationship between tunnels are reasonable, and consider the mutual influence between tunnels, including:

[0070] 1) Calculate the fitness value of each solution according to the fitness evaluation index;

[0071] 1.1) Collect various fitness evaluation indicators:

[0072] Project cost indicators: Calculate the excavation volume, support length, material cost, etc. of each solution to obtain cost-related parameters.

[0073] Engineering stability indicators: Analyze the geological conditions along the tunnel path and evaluate rock stability, fault impact, etc.

[0074] Environmental impact indicators: assess the impact of construction on vegetation, water bodies and ecological environment.

[0075] 1.2) Substitute the fitness function to calculate the fitness value. The fitness value calculation formula is:

[0076] F(x)=ω1·f c (x)+ω2·f s (x)+ω3·f e (x)-P(x)

[0077] f c (x) = α1·V e (x)+α2·L s (x)+α3·C m (x)

[0078] f s (x) = β1·S g (x)+β2·R s (x)+β3·D f (x)

[0079] f e (x) = γ1·E v (x)+γ2·W w (x)+γ3·P p (x)

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, F(x) represents the fitness value, f c (x) represents the objective function of the project cost, f s (x) represents the objective function of engineering stability, f e(x) represents the objective function of environmental impact, ω1, ω2, ω3 represent the weights of the objective function of project cost, the objective function of project stability, and the objective function of environmental impact, respectively, V e (x) represents the tunnel excavation volume, L s (x) represents the tunnel support length, C m (x) represents the cost of construction materials, α1, α2, and α3 represent the weights of tunnel excavation volume, tunnel support length, and the cost of construction materials, respectively. g (x) represents the stability of geological conditions, which depends on the geological type (such as hard rock or soft rock, fault, etc.) that the tunnel path passes through. It is calculated by taking a weighted average of the lithology of each section along the tunnel path. s (x) represents the slope stability of the tunnel route, which is obtained by the slope calculation formula, D f (x) represents the distance between the tunnel and the fault, β1, β2, and β3 represent the weights of the stability of geological conditions, the slope stability of the tunnel route, and the distance between the tunnel and the fault, respectively. v (x) represents the degree of damage to vegetation caused by tunnel construction, which is quantified according to the construction impact range and vegetation type. w (x) represents the impact of tunnel construction on water bodies, which can be quantified by evaluating the degree of disturbance of the water bodies caused by the construction, P p (x) represents the pollutant emissions generated during the construction process, which can be calculated based on the expected emissions and the degree of environmental impact. γ1, γ2, and γ3 represent the degree of damage to vegetation caused by tunnel construction, the impact of tunnel construction on water bodies, and the weights of pollutant emissions generated during construction, respectively. P(x) represents the penalty term for not meeting the constraints, and λ i represents the penalty coefficient, g i (x) represents the degree of violation of the i-th constraint by tunnel scheme x, and n represents the total number of constraints.

[0082] 1.3) Handling the penalty term of constraint conditions: Check whether each solution violates the constraint conditions (such as avoiding faults, not crossing protected areas, etc.). For solutions that violate the constraint conditions, calculate the penalty term P(x), adjust its fitness value, and reduce its probability of being selected.

[0083] 2) Select individuals that meet fitness requirements;

[0084] 2.1) Sort individuals: Sort individuals in the population according to their fitness values ​​from high to low.

[0085] 2.2) Implement selection strategy:

[0086] Elite retention strategy: retain a certain proportion of individuals with the highest fitness values ​​and directly enter the next generation to ensure the transmission of excellent genes.

[0087] Roulette Wheel Selection: Calculate the probability of each individual being selected, and randomly select individuals according to the probability to form a parent population for crossover and mutation.

[0088] 3) Perform crossover and mutation operations on the selected individuals;

[0089] 3.1) Crossover operation: Set the crossover probability to a value between 0.6 and 0.9; perform crossover operations, including single-point crossover (randomly select a crossover point, exchange the gene fragments of the two parent individuals after the point, and generate two offspring individuals) and double-point crossover (randomly select two crossover points, and exchange the gene fragments in the middle segment). Note: Make sure that the offspring individuals after crossover still meet the basic constraints.

[0090] 3.2) Mutation operation: Set the mutation probability between 0.01 and 0.1; perform mutation operations, including gene mutation (making small random adjustments to certain genes of individuals, such as node coordinates, elevation, and strike angle) and mutation range (the amplitude of the mutation should be within the allowable range to avoid causing an infeasible solution).

[0091] 3.3) Generate a new generation of population: The offspring individuals generated by crossover and mutation operations, together with the elite retained individuals, form a new generation of population.

[0092] 4) Each sub-population exchanges critical path information with each other;

[0093] 4.1) Determine the exchange strategy:

[0094] Exchange frequency: Information is exchanged after a certain number of iterations (such as every 5 iterations).

[0095] Exchange content: Each sub-population (corresponding to the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section, and spillway drainage tunnel section) shares the critical path information of the current optimal solution.

[0096] 4.2) Information exchange process:

[0097] Share key nodes: exchange the coordinates and direction information of tunnel connection points to ensure that the connection relationship between tunnels is reasonable.

[0098] Update population information: According to the received key path information, adjust the path design of individuals in each population to avoid spatial conflicts.

[0099] 4.3) Ensure the connection and avoidance relationship between tunnels:

[0100] Connection relationship verification: Check whether the connection between the diversion tunnel and the vertical shaft and the spillway tunnel section is smooth, and whether the angle and position are reasonable.

[0101] Avoidance relationship verification: ensure that each tunnel maintains a safe distance to avoid mutual interference.

[0102] 5) Consider the mutual influence between tunnels;

[0103] 5.1) Analyze the spatial relationship between tunnels:

[0104] Three-dimensional spatial modeling: Use CAD or GIS software to build a three-dimensional model of the tunnel to intuitively display the spatial layout between tunnels.

[0105] Calculate minimum distance: Calculate the minimum spacing between tunnels to ensure safety regulations are met.

[0106] 5.2) Evaluate mutual impact:

[0107] Construction interference analysis: Evaluate possible interference during simultaneous construction, such as blasting vibration, equipment interference, etc.

[0108] Geological impact analysis: Analyze the impact of adjacent tunnel arrangements on the rock mass stress field to avoid adverse geological effects.

[0109] 5.3) Introducing mutual influence factors into the fitness function:

[0110] Adjust the fitness function: Add evaluation indicators of tunnel interaction to the fitness function, such as:

[0111] F′(x)=F(x)-δ·I(x)

[0112] In the formula, I(x) represents the degree of mutual influence between tunnels, and δ is the weight coefficient;

[0113] Recalculate fitness values: Recalculate the fitness value of each solution after considering the mutual influence.

[0114] 5.4) Optimize tunnel layout:

[0115] Path adjustment: Based on the assessment results of mutual impact, fine-tune the tunnel path to reduce negative impacts.

[0116] Collaborative optimization: In subsequent iterations, the algorithm will tend to select solutions with less mutual influence and gradually optimize the tunnel layout.

[0117] 6) Iterative update and convergence judgment;

[0118] 6.1) Repeat the iterative process: Continue to perform steps such as calculating fitness values, selection, crossover, mutation, information exchange, and mutual influence evaluation.

[0119] 6.2) Convergence judgment:

[0120] Fitness value change judgment: When the fitness value changes by less than the preset threshold in multiple consecutive iterations, the algorithm is considered to have converged.

[0121] Maximum iteration limit: Set the maximum number of iterations (such as 100) to prevent the algorithm from falling into an infinite loop.

[0122] 6.3) Output the optimal solution:

[0123] Extract the final solution: Select the individual with the highest fitness value from the final population as the optimal tunnel layout solution.

[0124] Result verification: Conduct detailed engineering feasibility and safety verification on the optimal solution to ensure the feasibility of the solution.

[0125] 7) Refinement and application of the optimal solution;

[0126] 7.1) Detailed design:

[0127] Path smoothing: Further smooth the tunnel path to optimize curves and slopes.

[0128] Node optimization: Accurately locate the coordinates and elevations of key nodes to ensure construction accuracy.

[0129] 7.2) Generate design drawings and reports:

[0130] Draw detailed drawings: make plan, longitudinal and cross-section drawings of the tunnel.

[0131] Prepare report: Summarize the optimization process and results and write a detailed technical report.

[0132] 7.3) Solution application:

[0133] Construction guidance: Apply the optimized tunnel layout plan to the construction organization design to guide the actual construction.

[0134] Subsequent optimization: During the construction process, the plan will continue to be optimized and adjusted based on actual conditions and new survey data.

[0135] Through the above steps, the co-evolutionary algorithm makes full use of the fitness evaluation index to select and optimize individual solutions. At the same time, through the information exchange between sub-populations and the consideration of the mutual influence of tunnels, the rationality and feasibility of the tunnel layout plan are ensured. This method improves the optimization efficiency, enhances the overall performance of the plan, and provides strong support for the successful implementation of the project.

[0136] S25, recalculate the fitness value of the newly generated individuals, update the population, and determine whether the convergence condition is satisfied. If not, continue to iterate. If so, select the solution with the highest fitness value from the final population to obtain the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section;

[0137] S26. Based on the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section, mark the plane coordinates, elevation and strike angle of key nodes.

[0138] S3. According to the location information, excavation and support are performed at the exit of the diversion tunnel upstream of the shaft and the drain tunnel section of the spillway downstream of the shaft. When the diversion tunnel is excavated to the bottom of the vertical shaft section of the spillway, the vertical shaft and the energy dissipation well are excavated, and the diversion tunnel upstream of the vertical shaft section of the spillway is used as the construction channel for excavation;

[0139] Specifically, the excavation of the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel adopts a method of combining a raise borer with manual excavation, which specifically includes: after using the raise borer to form a guide shaft, manual layered excavation and support is carried out from top to bottom, and the guide shaft slag is used to expand and excavate the slag, and the diversion tunnel is used as the slag discharge channel for the vertical shaft excavation until the excavation of the vertical shaft is completed.

[0140] S4. During the excavation and support construction of the spillway shaft section, the spillway drainage tunnel section shall be constructed simultaneously to ensure that the construction of the diversion tunnel, spillway drainage tunnel section and energy dissipation pool is completed before the closure; the construction of the spillway shaft section, working gate and working gate chamber and other structures and gates shall be completed before the reservoir water storage acceptance;

[0141] Specifically, the gate size and opening and closing method are determined according to the actual situation of the project.

[0142] S5. While the concrete lining is being constructed in the diversion tunnel and the spillway drainage tunnel section, steel pipes are buried as ecological drainage pipes, and trash racks are installed at the inlet of the ecological drainage pipes. The pipelines run along the inlet of the diversion tunnel to the lining concrete of the shaft section and the side wall concrete of the spillway drainage tunnel section, and exit from the end of the side wall concrete of the spillway drainage tunnel section.

[0143] In summary, with the aid of the above technical solution of the present invention, a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel and a construction method thereof are provided. The structure can realize diversion during the construction period and flood discharge during the operation period under the constraints of natural conditions such as topography and geology, and meet the needs of downstream ecology, residential water supply, and farmland irrigation water. At the same time, considering the current frequent occurrence of extreme weather disasters, when the flood discharge task is heavy and the flow rate is large, the diversion tunnel can be used as a flood discharge and sand discharge tunnel during the operation period. The discharge flow and sand discharge are controlled by opening and closing the gate, and the joint discharge with the shaft spillway is realized, and the silt deposited in the reservoir area is discharged. The structure and construction method have the advantages of reducing the amount of engineering, shortening the construction period, and saving engineering investment.

[0144] In addition, the present invention can fully consider the natural conditions of topography and geology by utilizing the position-sharing co-evolutionary algorithm, so that the optimal position information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section 5 can be scientifically determined. This not only improves the scientificity and rationality of the engineering design, but also brings significant advantages in terms of safety, economy and environmental protection, ensuring the successful implementation and long-term operation of the project, optimizing construction efficiency and design accuracy, and reducing the impact on the environment.

[0145] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms such as "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixation" and "screw-on" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0146] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel, characterized in that: It comprises a spillway shaft section, wherein a diversion tunnel (2) is arranged at one end of the bottom of the spillway shaft section, and a spillway drainage tunnel section (5) is arranged at the other end of the bottom of the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section (5) is connected to the spillway shaft section via a horizontal pressure slope section (4); An energy dissipation pool (7) is provided at one end of the spillway drainage tunnel section (5) away from the spillway shaft section, and an ecological drainage tunnel (6) is provided below the spillway drainage tunnel section (5), the spillway shaft section and the diversion tunnel (2); The vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel comprises a vertical shaft (3), the top of the vertical shaft (3) is provided with an inlet overflow weir (8), the bottom of the vertical shaft (3) is provided with an energy dissipation well (9) extending downward, and a working gate (10) is provided on one side of the vertical shaft (3) close to the diversion tunnel (2). When the working gate (10) is closed, it is used to exert a flood spill function, and when the working gate (10) is opened, it is used to exert a flood discharge and sediment discharge function.

2. The structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diversion tunnel (2) and the spillway shaft section are arranged together on one side of the water retaining structure, and a diversion tunnel water inlet (1) is provided at one end of the diversion tunnel (2) away from the spillway shaft section.

3. The structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A vent hole (11) is provided on the side wall of the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel, and the upper end of the vent hole (11) extends upward and penetrates through the side wall of the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel to communicate with the outside, and the lower end of the vent hole (11) extends downward to the outlet of the horizontal pressure slope section (4).

4. The structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water inlet of the ecological drainage tunnel (6) is provided with a trash rack, and the elevation of the water inlet is located below the dead water level, and the water outlet passes through the end of the side wall of the drain tunnel section (5) of the spillway.

5. The structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inlet overflow weir (8) is an annular practical weir, and the weir top elevation of the annular practical weir is the same as the normal water level elevation of the reservoir. The annular practical weir has no gate on its top and overflow is achieved in a free overflow manner.

6. The structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The working gate (10) is arranged between the connection between the upstream tunnel section of the diversion tunnel (2) and the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel, and the working gate (10) is a flat gate.

7. A construction method for a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel, for realizing the construction of a structure combining a diversion tunnel, a spillway tunnel, a flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel, and an ecological water discharge tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The construction method comprises the following steps: S1. Determine the layout of the water discharge structure, set up a vertical shaft in the mountain just above the diversion tunnel to connect to the diversion tunnel, and combine the diversion tunnel section downstream of the vertical shaft with the drain tunnel section of the spillway, and construct it as a permanent structure; S2. Based on the location sharing collaborative evolution algorithm, combined with the topographic and geological natural conditions where the water retaining structure is located, the location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section is determined, wherein the location information includes plane coordinates, elevation and strike angle information; S3. According to the location information, excavation and support are performed at the exit of the diversion tunnel upstream of the shaft and the drain tunnel section of the spillway tunnel downstream of the shaft. When the diversion tunnel body is excavated to the bottom of the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel, the vertical shaft and the energy dissipation well are excavated, and the diversion tunnel upstream of the vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel is used as the construction channel for excavation; S4. During the construction of the shaft excavation and support, the spillway drainage tunnel section shall be constructed simultaneously to ensure that the construction of the diversion tunnel, spillway drainage tunnel section and energy dissipation pool is completed before the closure; the construction of the spillway shaft section, working gate and working gate chamber shall be completed before the reservoir water storage acceptance; S5. While the concrete lining is being constructed in the diversion tunnel and the spillway drainage tunnel section, steel pipes are buried as ecological drainage pipes, and trash racks are installed at the inlet of the ecological drainage pipes. The pipelines run along the inlet of the diversion tunnel to the lining concrete of the shaft section and the side wall concrete of the spillway drainage tunnel section, and exit from the end of the side wall concrete of the spillway drainage tunnel section.

8. The construction method of the structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The collaborative evolution algorithm based on location sharing, combined with the topographic and geological natural conditions where the water retaining structure is located, determines the location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section and the spillway drainage tunnel section, including the following steps: S21. Obtain the topographic and geological data of the natural conditions of the area where the water retaining structure is located, and determine the design dimensions, minimum radius of curvature and maximum slope requirements of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section; S22, defining an optimization objective function, determining constraint conditions, and expressing the routes of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section in parameter form, and the parameter form includes plane coordinates, elevations, and strike angles; The optimization objective functions include minimizing the construction cost, maximizing the structural stability and minimizing the impact on the surrounding ecological environment. The constraints include geological constraints, construction constraints and engineering specifications. S23, randomly generate a set of initial solutions that meet the constraints, and each solution represents a tunnel layout plan; establish independent sub-populations for the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section, and share key location information between the sub-populations through a collaborative mechanism; S24, calculating the fitness value of each solution according to the fitness evaluation index, selecting individuals that meet the fitness requirements, and performing crossover and mutation operations on the selected individuals; exchanging key path information between subpopulations to ensure that the connection and avoidance relationship between tunnels are reasonable, and considering the mutual influence between tunnels; S25, recalculate the fitness value of the newly generated individuals, update the population, and determine whether the convergence condition is satisfied. If not, continue to iterate. If so, select the solution with the highest fitness value from the final population to obtain the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, the spillway shaft section, and the spillway drainage tunnel section; S26. Based on the optimal location information of the diversion tunnel, spillway shaft section and spillway drainage tunnel section, mark the plane coordinates, elevation and strike angle of key nodes.

9. The construction method of the structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel, flood discharge and sediment discharge tunnel and ecological water discharge tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the fitness value is: F(x)=ω1·f c (x)+ω2·f s (x)+ω3·f e (x)-P(x) f c (x)=α1·V e (x)+α2·L s (x)+α3·C m (x) f s (x)=β1·S g (x)+β2·R s (x)+β3·D f (x) f e (x)=γ1·E v (x)+γ2·W w (x)+γ3·P p (x) In the formula, F(x) represents the fitness value, f c (x) represents the objective function of the project cost, f s (x) represents the objective function of engineering stability, f e (x) represents the objective function of environmental impact, ω1, ω2, ω3 represent the weights of the objective function of project cost, the objective function of project stability, and the objective function of environmental impact, respectively, V e (x) represents the tunnel excavation volume, L s (x) represents the tunnel support length, C m (x) represents the cost of construction materials, α1, α2, and α3 represent the weights of tunnel excavation volume, tunnel support length, and the cost of construction materials, respectively. g (x) represents the stability of geological conditions, R s (x) represents the slope stability of the tunnel route, D f (x) represents the distance between the tunnel and the fault, β1, β2, and β3 represent the weights of the stability of geological conditions, the slope stability of the tunnel route, and the distance between the tunnel and the fault, respectively. v (x) represents the degree of damage to vegetation caused by tunnel construction, W w (x) represents the impact of tunnel construction on water bodies, P p (x) represents the pollutant emissions generated during the construction process, γ1, γ2, and γ3 represent the degree of damage to vegetation caused by tunnel construction, the impact of tunnel construction on water bodies, and the weights of pollutant emissions generated during the construction process, respectively. P(x) represents the penalty term for not meeting the constraints, and λ i represents the penalty coefficient, g i (x) represents the degree of violation of the i-th constraint by tunnel scheme x, and n represents the total number of constraints.

10. The construction method of the structure combining diversion tunnel, spillway tunnel and ecological drainage tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vertical shaft section of the spillway tunnel is excavated by a reverse drilling rig combined with manual excavation, which includes: After the pilot shaft is formed by the raise drilling rig, it is supported by manual layered excavation from top to bottom, and the slag from the pilot shaft is used to expand and remove the slag. The diversion tunnel is used as the slag discharge channel for the vertical shaft excavation until the excavation of the vertical shaft is completed.

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