Communication filtering system

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter system (100) for filtering air (101) in a room (151) of a building (150). The invention relates to a filter system (100) for a room (151), having a filter device (110) with a fan unit (111) and a filter element (112), which filter device (110) can be placed in the room (151), in which the fan unit (111) can flow air (101) to be filtered through the filter element (112) for filtration. The filter device (110) has a sensor element (113) for determining at least one filter device parameter, including at least one air parameter of the air (101) to be filtered at the filter device (110) or an operating parameter of the filter device (110). Furthermore, the filter system (100) has a further sensor element (121), which can be placed at a distance from the filter device (110) and is configured to determine at least a further air parameter of the air (101) at the further sensor element (121). The filter device (110) also has a control unit (130) coupled with the filter device (110) and the further sensor element (121) and configured to determine at least one room state or filter state based on the filter device parameter and the further air parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a filter system for filtering air in a room of a building. The invention also relates to a method for filtering air in a room of a building. Background Art

[0002] The filter system in the indoor air system is responsible for the ventilation and air exchange of the rooms in the building and for filtering pollutants from the air. In this case, the primary filter system is used in the building, for example, it includes the central ventilation system and the controlled apartment ventilation in the building. In this case, the primary filter system can have a connection to the outside air. In addition, secondary filter systems are often used as a supplement to the primary filter system. The secondary filter system includes, for example, an air circulation system with a filter device and is arranged for installation in the room (for example, a room air purifier).

[0003] Secondary filter systems are often operated in buildings independently of primary filter systems, so that the overall filter capacity often does not correspond to the requirements or, on the other hand, is set too high for the actual requirements, thus wasting energy unnecessarily. Summary of the invention

[0004] One object of the present invention is to optimally adjust the filter capacity in a building.

[0005] This object is achieved by a filter system for filtering the air in a room of a building and a method for filtering the air in a room of a building according to the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect, a filter system for filtering air in a room of a building is described. The filter system has a filter device that can be placed in the room, the filter device having a fan unit and a filter element. The air to be filtered can be filtered by flowing through the filter element by means of the fan unit, wherein the filter device has a sensor element for determining at least one filter device parameter, the at least one filter device parameter comprising at least an air parameter of the air to be filtered at the filter device (e.g. CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter content) and / or an operating parameter of the filter device (e.g. power consumption, air throughput, volume, etc.).

[0007] In addition, the filter device has a further sensor element, which can be placed at a distance from the filter device (in the same room or in another room of the building) and is configured to determine at least one further air parameter of the air at the further sensor element (e.g. CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter content).

[0008] Furthermore, the filter device has a control unit which is connected to the filter device and to a further sensor element and is configured to determine at least one room state (e.g. CO2 room distribution, location-dependent foreign body load, occupancy (presence / absence of people, distribution of people in the room, noise level in the room, etc.) or a filter state (e.g. filter occupancy state, information on the necessity of filter replacement, information on the necessity of required fan maintenance) based on a filter device parameter and a further air parameter.

[0009] According to another aspect, a method of filtering air in a room of a building using the above-described filtration system is described.

[0010] The filter system according to the invention is usually used in buildings for filtering and cleaning the air or also for cleaning the air in factories during production processes.

[0011] The filter device has, for example, a housing in which a filter element is arranged or a plurality of filter elements are arranged in series along the flow direction of air through the filter device or parallel to the flow direction. The filter element can be arranged to be replaceable.

[0012] The filter element of the filter device has, for example, a flat filter material fixed in a surrounding support frame. The filter element can be designed as a bag filter, in which a plurality of bags of filter material are fixed in a support frame and the air flow is introduced into the bags in order to filter the inflowing air. In addition, the filter module can also be designed as a cartridge filter, a bag filter, a candle filter, a compact filter and a HEPA filter.

[0013] The fan unit of the filter device in particular draws the air to be filtered into the filter device so that the air flows through the filter element. The fan unit can, for example, have an axial or radial compressor and, accordingly, the air can flow along a translational flow straight line or at right angles. The fan unit can in particular be controlled by a control unit so that the air throughput through the filter device can be adjusted.

[0014] The sensor element of the filter device is configured to determine at least one filter device parameter, which includes at least one air parameter of the air to be filtered at the filter device (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter content) and / or operating parameters of the filter device (e.g., power consumption, air throughput, volume, etc.). Here, the sensor element can be arranged upstream of the filter element to measure the air parameter before filtering. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor element can be arranged after the filter element to measure the air parameter after filtering. For example, qualitative and also quantitative filtering power can be determined thereby. In addition, the determined air parameters, in particular before filtering, can provide information about the following room status, such as whether there are people in the room.

[0015] The sensor element thus measures air parameters, such as the concentration of various airborne substances or foreign bodies and / or the air quality. A direct measurement of foreign bodies or groups of foreign bodies in the air flow can be provided by means of the sensor element. This can relate, for example, to the amount of fine dust of a determined diameter class. Furthermore, for example, other foreign bodies can be filtered out in advance so that only certain airborne substances hit the sensor. In the case of eddies caused by the turbulent flow of air through the filter device, heavier substances (particles, molecules, aerosols, etc.) are moved away in the radial direction of the flow rollers by centrifugal forces, which leads to an inhomogenization of the air flow composition. Accordingly, the sensor element can be arranged at a distance from the wall of the flow channel of the filter device in order to reduce the influence of the eddies.

[0016] The sensor element has, for example, a MEMS sensor. Furthermore, the sensor element can be configured in particular such that the sensor element can be used for Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis FTIR and / or near infrared spectroscopy. In this case, parameters such as particles per volume can be measured. Furthermore, the sensor element can have a resistance sensor for measuring airborne substances and / or air quality. In this case, for example, the trigger substance can also be used to measure the presence of certain foreign bodies in the air (e.g. according to Bresle's measurement).

[0017] Correspondingly, another sensor element can be constructed like the above-mentioned sensor element. In particular, another sensor element can be placed at a distance from the filter device (in the same room or another room of the building) and is constructed to determine at least another air parameter of the air at the other sensor element (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter content). As explained in the following embodiments, another sensor element can be a separate, independent sensor element and can be arranged at a distance from the filter device. Another sensor element can also be installed in another (e.g., secondary) filter device. In addition, another sensor element can be part of a primary filter device. In particular, multiple (secondary) filter devices with corresponding additional sensor elements can be arranged, and in addition, multiple independent and / or additional sensor elements arranged in the primary filter system can be provided.

[0018] In addition, the filter device has a control unit, which is connected to the filter device and a further sensor element and is configured to determine at least one room state (e.g. CO2 room distribution, occupancy (operated / unoccupied, occupancy distribution in the room, noise level in the room, etc.) or filter state (e.g. filter occupancy state, information about the necessity of filter replacement, information about the necessity of fan maintenance) based on a filter device parameter (i.e., an air parameter of the air to be filtered at the filter device or an operating parameter of the filter device) and a further air parameter.

[0019] For example, due to the spatial spacing of the sensor element and the other sensor element, the local distribution of the concentration of the air parameter can be determined. Based on this, the control unit can make statements, such as the spatial gathering of people or statements about the presence and local presence of dangerous sources. For example, if the dust load at the other sensor element increases relative to the sensor element, it can be inferred that there is a local fire source near the other sensor element. Accordingly, for example, based on the different CO2 concentrations at the position of the sensor element relative to the position of the other sensor element, it can be inferred that people (corresponding to the air they exhale) are more likely to gather at the position of the sensor element or at the position of the other sensor element. In addition, based on the air quality measured at the filter device, the filter status (e.g., filter occupancy status, information about the necessity of filter replacement, information about the necessity of fan maintenance) can be determined by comparing the air quality at the other sensor.

[0020] The control unit is arranged, for example, in the filter device. For example, the control unit is configured to control a fan unit of the filter device. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit can be connected to a primary filter system of the building in order to control the ventilation power or the filtering power of the primary filter system. Here, the control unit can be arranged at a central location of the building, in the primary filter system or in the filter device.

[0021] Using the filter system according to the invention and the individual sensor measurements of the sensor element and the further sensor element, the room state or the filter state can be determined based on the filter device parameters of the filter device and the further air parameters that are relevant thereto, in order to thereby again obtain information for controlling the entire system (including the primary filter system or the filter device).

[0022] According to a further exemplary embodiment, at least the air parameter or another air parameter is selected from the group consisting of CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, oxygen content, flow velocity of the air, foreign matter content with, for example, foreign particles, in particular fine dust content, particle size of foreign particles, in particular diameter of foreign particles, foreign particle type, dew point and air temperature.

[0023] According to a further exemplary embodiment, at least the operating parameter of the filter device is selected from the group consisting of the power consumption of the filter device, the air throughput through the filter element, the volume of the fan unit, the flow rate of the through-flowing air and the temperature of the fan unit and the pressure drop of the through-flowing air over the filter element.

[0024] The sensor elements can also be used to determine the gas fraction, liquid fraction or solid fraction in the gas flow and, for example, their chemical / physical properties, in particular their amount and / or (for example, average) diameter. Based on these basic measured values, subsequent calculations can also be calculated, such as the CO2 footprint, (energy) savings potential (for example, depending on the pressure drop across the filter, which can be influenced by filter material or filter changes) or energy consumption. The measured values ​​can also be matched, standardized or adapted with the help of algorithms. These measured values ​​can be transmitted to other systems wirelessly or by wire.

[0025] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine at least a room status, which is selected from the group consisting of CO2 distribution in the room, presence of people in the room, occupancy of people in the room, distribution of people in the room, noise level in the room, presence and / or location of hazardous sources in the room, especially fire sources, aerosol concentration, fine dust concentration and / or virus concentration.

[0026] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to at least determine a filter state, which is selected from the group consisting of a filter occupancy rate of the filter element, filter replacement information and fan maintenance information. The control unit can determine the filter state, for example, based on filter device parameters (e.g., operating parameters and air parameters of the air to be filtered at the filter device). For example, the air flow through the filter element can be determined, and the sensor element can determine, for example, the concentration of fine dust before and after the filter element as an air parameter. If the filtration of fine dust related to the set air flow at the filter element does not correspond to a target value, the filter occupancy rate can be inferred and the filter replacement can be indicated by means of the control unit. In addition, in the case of a measured power consumption of the fan unit related to the air flow through the filter element, a defect of the fan unit can be inferred.

[0027] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit has a display element for displaying the room state and / or the filter state. The display element can be composed of an optical display element such as an LED, which displays the room state or the filter state by means of a determined color tone. For example, if the CO2 content in the room is too high and / or the oxygen content is too low, a red LED can be displayed. For example, if the CO2 content is below a limit value, a green LED can be lit. Accordingly, for example, an idle, operable filter state can be displayed in green, and thus an occupied filter state that requires a filter element filter replacement can be displayed in red. In addition, the display element can be constructed as a graphic display, especially a touch-sensitive display (touch display). For example, more complex information, such as an image of a room and a corresponding area in which a determined room state or filter state exists, can be displayed on a graphic display. For example, an area in which a high CO2 concentration exists in the room and another area in which a lower CO2 concentration exists in the room can be graphically displayed.

[0028] According to another exemplary embodiment, a further sensor element is arranged in the same room as the filter device. As a result, the corresponding air parameter can be measured at multiple locations in the room, in order to cover in particular the entire room as a measurement area. Accordingly, reliable statements can be made about the exceeding of individual limit values ​​of the air parameter in the room.

[0029] According to another exemplary embodiment, another sensor element is arranged in a room different from the filter device. Accordingly, air parameters from multiple rooms of a building can be determined or measured. For example, if the CO2 content in one room increases compared to another room, the occupancy of the room by people can be determined. Accordingly, for example, a primary ventilation system (e.g. a central ventilation system) or a separate filter device in one of the rooms can be controlled to establish a desired room state in the room. Based on the understanding of the occupancy of the room by comparing the CO2 values ​​in the corresponding rooms, a digital occupancy plan for the room can also be controlled by means of a control unit. For example, if the CO2 content in the room increases and it corresponds to the occupancy of multiple people, the room can be determined in the occupancy plan as occupied. By measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room, the number and sound intensity of people talking in the room can be determined, and the ventilation power can be matched to this, because the aerosols emitted by the people increase with the volume of the speech.

[0030] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter system has another filter device in the room that is spaced apart from the filter device, wherein the other filter device has another sensor element. The other filter device with the other sensor element can, for example, be a ventilation outlet in the room, wherein the ventilation outlet can be part of a central ventilation system. Therefore, the other sensor element is part of another filter device, which is arranged in the room at a distance from the filter device. The control unit can display the room status of the room in a location-dependent manner based on the measured parameters of the corresponding filter device and other air parameters. In this way, for example, a room map can be created in a targeted manner, in which the various concentrations of the selected air parameters are displayed. Based on this, in another exemplary embodiment, the control unit can control the various filter devices individually in order to set the desired concentration of the air parameter in the room based on its filtering power.

[0031] According to another exemplary embodiment, the further filter device has a further filter element, wherein the further filter device is in particular part of a central filter system of a building. Based on the measured further air parameters, the control unit can, for example, control the central ventilation system in order to set the desired air parameters together with the local filter devices located in the room.

[0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, the further filter device has a further fan unit and is in particular designed to be movable (for example as a mobile secondary filter device). By comparing the individual performance data of the fan unit of the filter device and the further fan unit of the further filter device, it is also possible to infer the corresponding filter state in the respective filter device, for example in order to obtain information about the filter occupancy of the respective filter element.

[0033] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine position data of the filter device and / or of another sensor element (or another filter device) (for example by means of an indoor positioning system, WLAN or by means of a connection point (socket) of the corresponding filter device located in the room) and / or to take into account preconfigured position data.

[0034] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to generate, based on the position data, a heat map (for the air parameter "temperature" or similarly for other measured values), a local distribution image of a gas concentration, in particular a CO2 concentration distribution (for the air parameter "CO2 concentration") or an O2 concentration distribution (for the air parameter "O2 concentration"), a person distribution (for example an air parameter calculated based on the CO2 concentration), an aerosol distribution (for the air parameter "aerosol concentration"), a humidity distribution (for the air parameter "relative air humidity"), a virus distribution (for example by means of analyzing corresponding indicators and markings that can be arranged in the filter element), a foreign matter content concentration, for example a fine dust concentration distribution (for the air parameter "fine dust concentration"). By knowing the position data of the sensor element and the further sensor element, a graphical image of the room with the corresponding local concentration of the desired air parameter can thus be displayed.

[0035] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to control the filter device, in particular the fan unit, based on the room state and / or the filter state. For example, the control unit can control the filter device and a plurality of other filter devices. Thus, for example, a plurality of local (mobile) secondary filter devices can be installed in the room, and a part of the primary central ventilation system can be additionally arranged in the room. Based on the corresponding measured position-related air parameters, the control unit can individually control all filter devices, secondary filter devices and primary filter devices. In other words, at least one action (control action) and / or display information can be triggered based on the relationship of the measured values ​​of the air parameters to each other. In particular, one of the filter devices can be controlled and / or adjusted, preferably the secondary filter device, which in conventional methods has so far mainly played a role in island operation.

[0036] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to variably control the filter device, especially the fan unit, so that this change changes the space suction area (Absauggebiet), especially the influence of the change of the suction area jointly determines the determination of the room state. For example, the direction from which the airflow is sucked into the filter device can be controlled. To this end, the filter device can, for example, have a spaced air inlet through which ambient air can be selectively sucked. Additionally or alternatively, the filter device can have a controllable air flap that sets the suction direction in a targeted manner. Therefore, the control unit can control the suction area from which the airflow is sucked, and use the suction area accordingly to analyze the room state and / or the filter state. Therefore, the measuring position or the suction area changes, and the filter device does not leave its position. In the case of a primary filter device, the airflow can be adjusted by a flap or a valve control device at the position where the air in the room is sucked away, so that only the determined area, especially the room or the determined area room, provides analysis air for the sensor element. In contrast, the secondary filter device can change the direction of air sucked therein by internal mechanisms (eg, changing the power of individual fans or adjusting the suction flaps "left" or "right"), which in turn enables measurement values ​​from different suction areas.

[0037] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to variably control the filter device, in particular the fan unit, so that future energy availability and / or current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system and / or the building can be taken into account. The control unit is in particular configured to automatically or semi-automatically control the filter device and / or adjust the filter device within a preset range based on the future energy availability and / or current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system and / or the building using an approval function.

[0038] Thus, for example, if it is known that energy will be needed for other things at a later point in time (e.g. charging a car), parts of the building can be preventively cooled down (e.g. a conference room for a booked date). During energy requirements for other operating states of the building, the cooling area is adjusted to recirculated air and the air quality is monitored depending on the location, so that from a certain reduced air quality level (from a determined value of a determined air parameter in the room, such as the oxygen content) the charging power is reduced and the ventilation is increased again. With the parameterization, the importance of the different air parameters measured by the sensor elements can be weighted and incorporated into the energy consumption decision of the control unit. The control unit can, for example, control the filter device fully and automatically. Alternatively, the control unit can control the filter device semi-automatically and, before implementing a critical control decision, present a recommendation to the operator, who must approve the recommendation (corresponding to the above-mentioned approval function).

[0039] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter element is designed such that the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter element is less than 450 Pa, in particular less than 250 Pa, further in particular less than 150 Pa. The filtration performance of the filter module according to the invention, in particular the filter area, is measured, for example, in accordance with EN ISO 16890 and is better than 50% for one of the categories "ISO Coarse", "ISO ePM10", "ISO ePM2.5" or "ISO ePM1".

[0040] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter device is configured such that the air volume per square meter of filter area of ​​the filter element per hour is less than 600 m 3 / (m 2 h) Especially below 140m 3 / (m 2 h), below 85m 3 / (m 2 h) or less than 50m 3 / (m 2 h), and / or the volume flow rate of the air passing through the filter device is in the range of 0.1 to 5 m / s, in particular in the range of 0.2 m / s to 3.4 m / s, further in particular between 0.3 m / s and 2.8 m / s.

[0041] The filter element according to the present invention and in particular the filter material are configured so that when the volume flow rate through the filter body is 0.1m / s to 5m / s, the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter body is less than 450 Pascals. Accordingly, the filter element is used to clean large air masses under low pressure loss. These values ​​can be adjusted structurally, in particular by selecting the filter material and the corresponding pore size and organizational structure of the filter material. For integrating the sensor element in the filter device according to the present invention, it has been shown that if the volume flow rate in the filter element is between 0.1 and 5m / s, in particular between 0.2 and 3.4m / s, preferably between 0.3 and 2.8m / s, the operating data is particularly suitable, and the pressure drop on the filter element is less than 450Pa, in particular less than 250Pa, preferably less than 150Pa.

[0042] If the corresponding filter device is operated within these characteristic values, it can be ensured by the measures proposed according to the invention (or a combination thereof) that the sensor element has almost no disturbance in this position, i.e. the sensor data matches the associated position area over the entire fluctuation range of the operating data. The composition of the air flow at the sensor element also changes only slightly in the case of a pressure drop change of 50 Pa to 450 Pa. The solution according to the invention is particularly suitable for filter devices with a pressure drop on the filter device of less than 500 Pa, because in particular then the optimization according to the invention of the flow resistance comes into play. Particularly good results are achieved when there is a pressure drop of less than 450 Pa, in particular less than 250 Pa, preferably less than 150 Pa in the filter element in an operating mode.

[0043] It was also found that limiting the pressure drop across the filter element by means of the extra-large filter surface according to the invention (for example, by means of the wave-shaped integration of the filter membrane between two fleeces as described below) allows a corresponding reduction in the volume flow per unit time and area. Thus, during operation of the filter device, the volume of air per square meter of filter surface per hour (the so-called filter surface load) is less than 600 m 3 , especially below 450m 3 or 140m 3 , preferably less than 85m 3 , especially preferably less than 50m 3 At the same time, this leads to a less rapid occupancy of the filter element and thus to a smaller pressure drop difference across the filter element.

[0044] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is arranged separately from the filter device and the further sensor element. The control unit can, for example, exchange wired or wireless signals with the filter device and the corresponding sensor element. In addition, the control unit can exchange corresponding signals with the fan unit.

[0045] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine the energy consumption of the filter device based on the determined room state and / or the determined filter state. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit is configured to determine control data for the filter device, in particular for the fan unit, based on the determined room state and / or the determined filter state, and to display them to a user and / or to automatically control at least one filter device, preferably a plurality of, in particular all filter devices, by means of the control data.

[0046] Thus, the control unit can generate data on the energy consumption and / or CO2 footprint of the filter system and / or filter device. As occupancy increases, the filter device, in particular its filter element, requires more and more energy for its intended use, because the pressure difference on the filter increases due to the filter occupancy. The control unit can also obtain data on the energy costs or the CO2 footprint of the filter element due to its manufacture. The control unit is configured to determine and display recommendations on the optimal filter replacement time point (or purification time point) for the filter element based on this. In particular, individual parameters such as energy costs, savings potential, CO2 savings, CO2 certificate costs can be generated by means of the control unit.

[0047] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to analyze the room state in particular in real time based on the determined foreign matter content or fine dust, in particular based on the frequency of occurrence of fine dust, in particular the frequency of diameter classes of fine dust and / or the composition of fine dust as air parameters. For example, an additionally reduced flow velocity (with a smaller pressure drop over the filter) can in turn lead to a more uniform air flow guidance and fewer turbulent air eddies (which, for example, radially squeeze fine dust particles apart). This enables the execution of measurements that provide references to the fine dust composition (diameter, amount, material analysis, etc.). The control unit is configured to perform a real-time analysis of the fine dust load.

[0048] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is connected to the filter device and / or another sensor element for wireless signal exchange of sensor signals or control commands, wherein the filter device provides filter-related data for the control unit, in particular by means of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or a protocol of building management technology, wherein the control unit is in particular configured so that a warning signal can be generated based on the filter-related data and / or measures related to the flow rate through the filter device can be taken. The filter device and the control unit can each have an antenna or a conductor-based system, which sends a signal that the filter system is ready to exchange data. These data can not only relate to parameters related to airborne substances of the air, but also contain information and details of the filter device. Thus, for example, the volume of air passing through the filter device or the filter system can be adapted according to the performance of the filter device used. In addition, in the case of exceeding the operating time or occupancy density of the filter element, a signal can be sent, which can be interpreted as a maintenance signal and can also be used as a control signal to reduce the air flow rate. A design variant of the sending device in the filter device and / or the control unit can be an RFID transponder (which, for example, also has the filter data in encrypted form). In addition, other communication mechanisms can also be used, such as NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, etc. In addition to proprietary protocols, bus systems from building management systems (LON, EIB, etc.) can also be used for wired communication.

[0049] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit obtains a unique ID from the filter device, wherein the unique ID contains information about the location of use of the filter device, wherein the control device receives the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol or a protocol of a building management system (especially LON or EIB). The operation and / or configuration of the filter device can be adjusted based on the unique ID. In another particularly preferred embodiment, the unique ID contains information about the installation location of the filter device in the filter system. The ID allows the operating parameters required for a specific operation to be pre-selected from the preconfigured operating mode of the filter system or filter device, or to retrieve the stored data of the system configuration. In particular, when using an encrypted protocol, reconfiguration can be avoided in this way when the filter is replaced, and "plug and play" can be achieved. When replacing, the corresponding data can be transferred from the filter system or filter device or transmitted via the cloud. The unique ID can be transmitted to the filter system using mechanisms known to those skilled in the art using QR codes, barcodes, OCR fonts (and their machine-readable font successors), RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, proprietary protocols or protocols of building management systems (LON, EIB, etc.). This mechanism also enables the provision of a filter system or filter device in which a function is only activated if a part of the unique ID belongs to the agreed scope of delivery. This mechanism also enables the provision of a filter system in which a function is only activated if a part of the unique ID belongs to the agreed scope of delivery.

[0050] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has a filter material comprising a layer of flannel, in particular a plurality of layers of flannel, wherein the filter element can be arranged replaceably in the filter device. The filter element is, for example, a disposable filter. The flannel consists of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments) or short-cut yarns, which are assembled and connected to form a flannel (fiber layer, fiber flannel). By linking the fibers, an air-permeable material with narrow, small-pore air channels is provided, thereby achieving a good filtering effect, in particular for airborne particles.

[0051] Since the replaceable filter element (especially as a disposable filter) does not have to be precisely matched to the housing that surrounds the filter device, it is also advantageous that the filter module prevents possible air resonance. In filter materials composed of regularly arranged filter media (such as woven, punched, etched or drilled filters), there is the possibility that resonance and thus negative effects (noise, re-release of embedded pollutants, especially when starting and stopping the system, when physical measured values ​​change) will occur due to the self-organization effect of the airflow. It has been shown that in the solution according to the invention, the use of a layer of flannel suppresses this vibration effect. This suppression occurs in the following way, that is, the fibers are irregularly and randomly deposited and adhered, and this irregularity reduces the self-organization potential in terms of vibration. When multiple flannel layers are used in the structure of the filter material, especially when they have at least slightly different flannel materials or flannel layers, this suppression can be enhanced. The difference can be produced by the manufacture of the flannel material.

[0052] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter element has at least two fleece layers and a filter membrane arranged between the fleece layers, the fleece layers being arranged one above the other to form a layer composite, wherein in particular the middle filter membrane of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers.

[0053] According to another exemplary embodiment, the first direction and the second direction define a plane, wherein the intermediate filter membrane is configured with corrugated segments, so that the corrugated segments are arranged one after the other in the first direction. The corrugated segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to each other in the plane, in particular. The filter element is arranged so that air can flow through the filter element in the first direction or in the second direction.

[0054] For example, the x-direction is the air inflow direction, and the corrugated section extends in the second direction transverse to the first direction. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement and shape can be used for vibration suppression. Alternatively, the filter body can also flow in along the Y-direction, and thus parallel to the extension of the wave. Therefore, the corrugated section constructs a shark skin-like rib structure, for example, which promotes a reduction in flow resistance. Depending on the inlet conditions into the filter element (inflow cross section, volume flow, depth of the filter material to be flowed through), one or another design may be particularly advantageous. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement can be achieved by a self-organized compression process, in which the feed rate of the filter membrane is significantly higher than the feed rate of the two covering flannels. The asymmetry of the wave arrangement is generated by thermally fixing the three layers at a predetermined time point. In addition to the advantages already described, this asymmetry acts stably on the bending in the xy plane.

[0055] The filter membranes are stacked in a corrugated shape and connected to the covering fleece at the top and bottom for stability (glued, welded, stapled, etc.), thereby ensuring that a sufficiently open membrane area is available during the service life of the filter element and that it does not flatten or fold during use and thus additionally reduce the passage.

[0056] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the filter element has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm, and / or the number of corrugations is between 0.5 and 3 waves per centimeter.

[0057] This allows a filtration power similar to that of a HEPA filter, but with a pressure drop within the range of a common F7 filter (ie within the operating parameters of the solution according to the invention).

[0058] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has a hydrophobic and / or natural fiber or polyolefin, especially polypropylene filter material, especially the filter contains cellulose, cotton and / or hemp. If the airflow to be filtered is loaded with a high aerosol load, the known filter may be prone to sudden moisture penetration (Durchfeuchtung). On the one hand, this may statically increase the pressure drop on the filter, and on the other hand, due to the very fast change of pressure conditions, the control speed of the downstream volume flow control system using VAV will also be dynamically overloaded. The solution according to the present invention can solve this problem by appropriate material selection of the filter material: hydrophobic material (such as polyolefin, especially polypropylene, which is substantially free of polar groups) or absorbable material (such as natural fiber, especially cellulose fiber, cotton or hemp) with a special (such as deep) expansion tendency. The tendency of the filter opening to be filled with micron or nanometer water droplets is reduced in this way. It has been shown that the fungicidal, virucidal and bactericidal properties of hemp are suitable and make it an ideal filter component. This reduction in pressure drop also leads to a reduction in positionally unstable measurements (ie, with a smaller pressure drop, more air is drawn through and therefore the image of the room associated with the measured values ​​is larger than would be expected in the case of a composite evaluation).

[0059] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter device has a weighing device, which is arranged to weigh the filter occupancy of the filter element, in particular so that the measured value distortion can be compensated by the pressure of the air flowing through the filter device. With the corresponding additional mechanism, the compensation of the measured value distortion caused by the pressure of the air resistance in the operation of the filter device can be realized. This also allows the high filter occupancy of the filter element to be determined for the operating mode of the filter device under the condition of low volume flow, which does not lead to the triggering of the differential pressure monitoring of the filter element in the usual filter monitoring. In particular, in the secondary filter system, efforts are made to work with a low differential pressure, so that the noise level is kept low. Despite the very low differential pressure, this detail allows the filter occupancy to be reliably measured. In particular, in the installation state of the filter element in the housing of the filter device, the weighing device can have ground contact, and therefore the weight of the filter element can be introduced into the ground. The weight measurement of the filter element can thus be performed.

[0060] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter device has a power supply unit, which is configured to obtain energy by means of an airflow through the filter device and / or by electromagnetic waves, and the energy is particularly used to operate the sensor and / or the filter device. It may be meaningful to design the sensor device to be autonomous in terms of energy so that the filter system obtains measurement data or can display such data when the secondary filter system or the filter device stops running. This can be achieved by means of a real-time battery or by means of a supply through energy collection. It is meaningful to use a sensor element that is as energy-saving as possible. In addition, energy consumption can be reduced by changing the duty cycle, that is, the sensor element is not permanently operated, but only cyclically operated during a time period of 1 / 10 or 1 / 100 (or a shorter measurement interval). If the measurement speed of the sensor element is high (i.e., the measurement time is short), due to the inertia of the change of the airflow composition, accurate or even highly accurate measurements are still performed. Energy-saving sensor elements are becoming smaller and smaller, which in turn leads to difficulties in being placed in the airflow and ensuring targeted surrounding flow. These increasingly miniaturized sensor elements allow two, three or more different sensor elements to be integrated in the filter device.

[0061] In particular, it has been shown that the use of a combined sensor which determines several air parameters with one sensor element is particularly advantageous, since for this only the continuity of the air flow at a specific location must be ensured and with this effort several air parameters are then available. This autonomous solution is particularly advantageous for retrofitting existing filter devices or supplementing external filter systems.

[0062] The power supply unit can be configured to obtain energy by means of an air flow through the filter module and / or by means of electromagnetic waves, which energy is used in particular for operating the sensor element. For example, energy can be obtained by means of a pressure difference across the filter element, for example by means of a propeller, a gallop collector, a piezoelectric flag (piezoelectric element) and / or by receiving and correcting high-frequency vibrations (for example from a WLAN router). This is used to operate the sensor element.

[0063] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter system has a data storage unit, which is connected to the control unit, the filter device and another sensor element for exchanging data. In particular, the data can be protected by means of certificates and / or encryption, wherein in particular the data represents a measured value selected from a group consisting of air flow through the filter device, air temperature, air pressure, in particular absolute pressure and / or pressure difference, filter occupancy of the filter element, air humidity, aerosol load, PM content of the air and / or foreign matter content, and measurement position of the air measurement. Under particularly harsh operating conditions, it is precisely of interest that individual acquisition details can be stored and parameterized. On the one hand, this involves the details of the measurement method, and on the other hand, it also involves details about the recorded air parameters or filter device parameters (e.g., air flow, temperature, pressure (in particular absolute pressure and / or pressure difference), filter occupancy, humidity, aerosol load, PM content [in particular, the content of which diameter class]). Such a data set can then be transmitted again by means of communication or read out only after the service life of the filter has ended.

[0064] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor element is a dynamic pressure gauge and is particularly configured to enable measurement of the static pressure upstream of the filter element and the static and dynamic pressures downstream of the filter element. If the velocity of the air flow is high enough, the pressure difference between the normal pressure sampling point upstream of the filter body and the dynamic pressure tube (or Pitot tube) downstream of the filter can be measured. The pressure in the Pitot tube is given by the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure and is therefore higher than the pressure in the normal pressure sampling point before the filter. This configuration produces a reverse pressure difference or a negative pressure difference on the filter and allows detection of supply line blockages or valve flap failures. This embodiment may be particularly suitable for retrofitting aging systems. By using a controller in the filter module or the filter system, the response and / or limit values ​​in the filter system can be parameterized from the outside.

[0065] The sensor element can, for example, have a microphone and detect the noise level in the room and in particular the location of the noise source. By measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room, it is possible to infer the number of people speaking in the room and the intensity of their voices and to adapt the ventilation power of the fan unit to this by the control unit, since the emission of aerosols caused by people increases with the volume of their voices. In other words, the control of the ventilation power can thus be regulated by the noise level in the room. The more people who speak or speak loudly, the more aerosols are emitted and the higher the fan power can be, since then the additional sounds of the apparatus, such as the fan unit, are not perceived and do not cause any disturbance. If one or more people are sitting quietly in the room, the ventilation power is reduced, since silence is necessary in order to work in a concentrated manner, but hardly any aerosols are emitted.

[0066] According to another aspect, a building having a plurality of rooms and a filter system as described above is described. The filter system has a central ventilation system (primary ventilation system) which has at least one further fan unit and one ventilation outlet in each of the respective rooms. The control unit is configured to control the further fan unit, wherein the control unit controls the filter device and / or the central ventilation system based on the room status and / or the filter status.

[0067] In summary, in particular with the aid of a control unit, an interaction of auxiliary ventilation devices such as filter devices can be provided in order to optimize the energy consumption, aerosol consumption, operating costs or CO2 footprint of the filter system. With the solution according to the invention, recommendations for filter replacement based on environmental protection considerations and not on decisions based purely on filter occupancy or operating time can also be provided.

[0068] Controlling the secondary ventilation device or the filter device by means of the control unit can take into account the local system load and the local noise emission by means of communication with other filter devices of the filter system, such as a further filter device or a primary filter unit, so that the noise level can be reduced despite high air purification. It is also possible to visualize the location-dependent air load in the room by means of the control unit and by means of a separate local arrangement of the sensor element and the further sensor element based on a combination of measured values ​​of the air parameters of the secondary / primary ventilation device.

[0069] For example, the present invention relates to secondary filter devices that communicate with other filter devices (other primary and secondary filter systems, display systems, control devices) and electronically or visually provide information for use, suggest measures, or automatically implement measures based on measured data about air and filter loading.

[0070] Usually, secondary ventilation devices only display air parameters or filter device parameters. When a plurality of such filter devices interact, the filter devices are currently networked with each other and / or in combination with the primary filter device, so that optimization can be performed in particular automatically. In other words, according to the invention, a filter system is provided, which controls, regulates or visualizes dispersed filter devices (secondary filter devices) (in particular also heterogeneous filter devices) in a complex (in particular in interaction with the primary filter device).

[0071] According to the invention, therefore, a plurality of filter devices for air cleaning are coordinated. This can be a primary and a secondary filter device, wherein at least one (secondary) filter device can in particular provide precise measurement data about air parameters in the room, such as the air quality in the area or supplementary measurement data. This is particularly advantageous when a decision has to be made in a defined area about which ventilation measure is preferred (possibly automatically). In this context, according to the invention, various ventilation measures can be adopted to achieve the following goals, for example:

[0072] - Aerosol consumption reaches a certain level

[0073] - CO2 reduction

[0074] - Energy optimization of individual filter units or entire filter systems

[0075] - Reduce the CO2 footprint of the filtration system

[0076] - Recommendations for filter replacement

[0077] - Temporal energy optimization (e.g. in cooperation with demand side management regarding the electrical energy supply), in particular controlling / taking into account maximum loads, maximum energy consumption, frequency band energy, charging and recovery of electric vehicles at the building, etc.

[0078] - Reduce acoustic disturbance noise

[0079] - Adapt the ventilation power to the noise level in the room

[0080] - Optimization of the operating parameters of the filtration units, taking into account the installed hardware and the grey energy required for the consumable materials.

[0081] - Prioritization and combination of target values, possibly weighted according to importance or defining one or more target ranges (recommendation of filter changes based on exposure details and additional parameters such as CO footprint, minimum air quality, etc.)

[0082] Based on locally measured air parameters, the control unit can control the filter device so that the following treatment options are possible:

[0083] - Automatically "ventilate" more in occupied meeting rooms or rooms. If a filter unit is installed in the room as a secondary filter system, multiple target values ​​or optimization of air parameters can be achieved.

[0084] - A filter device as a primary filter system can have an integrated cooling system (central air conditioning) and can be reduced in power with the help of a control unit, while another filter device as a secondary filter device is increasingly activated in the room. This results in energy savings without deteriorating the room air quality (and vice versa if the secondary filter system has cooling capabilities).

[0085] - When the outside air temperature is high, the room temperature can be raised above the comfortable temperature in the room by supplying outside air to the filter device as a primary filter system. This can be automatically counteracted by throttling the primary filter device supplying outside air, and the secondary filter device will gradually be activated in individual rooms (especially in schools and / or conference rooms) in recirculated air operation.

[0086] - achieving a target task (e.g. by means of a learning system) taking into account stored historical measurement data of the sensor element (e.g. if the first derivative of the CO2 level as an air parameter has a certain magnitude, it can be predicted in good time that the CO2 level is too high, whereby a preventive start of the filter device can be initiated by means of the control unit, so that then during a high CO2 load in the room no excessive maximum ventilation operation of the fan unit is required and there is a correspondingly lower noise level in the room).

[0087] - In the case of multiple occupied schools and / or conference rooms, it is energy-wise better to activate the primary filter units (e.g. central filter systems (RLT)) rather than all secondary filter units, since central ventilation systems (in the case of corresponding design) can work more efficiently due to larger fans.

[0088] - By means of the control unit and processing the data of the sensor elements, it is possible, for example, to carry out a permanent and continuous optimization of the energy consumption and the CO2 footprint in real time. Thus, for example, it may be advantageous to replace the filter element before the end of its service life, since the pressure drop across the filter element increases exponentially over the service life due to the filter occupancy rate. Depending on the energy costs of the filter system or the requirements with regard to the CO2 footprint, a filter replacement within the service life of the filter element before the pressure difference rises sharply can maintain costs or improve results.

[0089] Furthermore, the filter system according to the invention includes embodiments in which, for example, only two secondary filter devices are arranged in a room, for example a conference room, if the fan power is increased or decreased by means of a control unit by communicating measured values ​​of air parameters or filter device parameters of the filter device. In particular, in the case of a plurality of locally resolved measured values, a measured value display is possible, for example as a heat map. This also allows inferences to be drawn about local emission sources, for example of fine dust.

[0090] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only a limited selection of possible embodiment variants of the present invention. Therefore, the features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other in a suitable manner so that a plurality of different embodiments can be considered as obviously disclosed using the embodiment variants specified here for a person skilled in the art. In particular, some embodiments of the present invention are described using device claims, and other embodiments of the present invention are described using method claims. However, it will be immediately clear to those skilled in the art after reading this application that, unless otherwise expressly stated, in addition to the combination of features belonging to one type of inventive subject matter, any combination of features belonging to different types of inventive subject matter is also possible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0091] In order to further explain and better understand the present invention, the embodiments will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0092] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a room of a building with a filtration system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0093] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a building with two rooms and a filtration system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0094] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing aerosol distribution in a room of a building with a filtration system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0095] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a filter element having a dynamic pressure gauge according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0096] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a filter material for a filter element according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0097] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a wave shape of a filter material according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0098] Identical or similar parts in different figures are provided with the same reference symbols. The representation in the figures is schematic.

[0099] Figure 1 A room 151 of a building 151 is shown, which has a filter system 100 for filtering air 101 in the room 151 of the building 150. The filter system 100 has a filter device 110, which has a fan unit 111 and a filter element 112, which can be placed in the room 151, wherein the air 101 to be filtered can be filtered by flowing through the filter element 112 by means of the fan unit 111. The filter device 110 has a sensor element 113 for determining at least one filter device parameter, including at least one air parameter of the air 101 to be filtered at the filter device 110 or an operating parameter of the filter device 110. The system 100 also has a further sensor element 121, which can be placed at a distance from the filter device 110 and is used to determine at least one further air parameter of the air 101 at the further sensor element 121. The filter device 110 further comprises a control unit 130 which is coupled to the filter device 110 and to a further sensor element 121 and is configured to determine at least one room state or filter state based on the filter device parameter and a further air parameter.

[0100] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the filter system 100 has in particular a filter device 110 which is designed as a secondary filter system and is arranged at intervals in the room 151 . The filter device 110 is accordingly arranged at a determined position in the room 151 and is designed as a mobile filter device 110 , for example.

[0101] The corresponding filter device 100 has, for example, a housing in which a filter element 112 is arranged or a plurality of filter elements 112 are arranged in series along the flow direction of the air 101 through the filter device 100 or parallel to the flow direction. The filter element 112 may be provided to be replaceable.

[0102] In particular, the fan unit 111 of the corresponding filter device 110 draws the air 101 to be filtered into the filter device 110 , so that the air 101 flows through the filter element 112 .

[0103] The sensor element 113 of the corresponding filter device 100 is configured to determine at least one filter device parameter, which includes at least one air parameter of the air 101 to be filtered at the filter device (e.g. CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content) and / or an operating parameter of the filter device 110 (e.g. power consumption, air throughput, volume, etc.). In this case, the sensor element 113 can be arranged upstream of the filter element 112 in order to measure the air parameter before filtering. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor element 113 can be arranged after the filter element 112 in order to measure the air parameter after filtering.

[0104] Accordingly, the further sensor element 121 can be constructed similarly to the above-described sensor element 113. The further sensor element 121 can in particular be spaced apart from the secondary filter device 110 and be configured to determine at least one further air parameter of the air 101 (e.g. CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, O2 content).

[0105] For example, room 151 has an air inlet and / or air outlet as part 140 of a primary filter device (eg a central filter system). Another sensor element 121 is arranged at part 140 of the primary filter device or can be part of another secondary filter device in order to measure air parameters accordingly.

[0106] In addition, the filter device 110 or the filter system 100 has a control unit 130, which is connected to the filter device 110 and another sensor element 121 and is configured to determine at least one room state (for example, CO2 room distribution, foreign matter content, occupancy (person / no person presence, distribution of people in the room, noise level in the room, etc.) or filter state (for example, filter occupancy state, information about the necessity of filter replacement, information about the necessity of fan maintenance) based on a filter device parameter (i.e., an air parameter of the air to be filtered at the filter device 110 or an operating parameter of the filter device 110) and another air parameter.

[0107] For example, a local distribution of the concentration of an air parameter can be determined due to the spatial separation of sensor element 113 and further sensor element 121. Based on this, control unit 130 can make statements, such as spatial concentrations of persons or statements about the presence and local presence of a hazard.

[0108] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the control unit 130 is arranged at a central position of the building 150. The control unit 130 is configured to control the corresponding fan unit 111 of the filter device 110. Additionally, the control unit 130 is connected to the main filter system 140 of the building 150 to control the ventilation power or filtering power of the main filter system 140.

[0109] Using the filter system 100 according to the invention and individual sensor measurements of the sensor element 113 and the further sensor element 121, the room state or filter state can be determined based on the filter device parameters obtained thereby and a further air parameter of the filter device 110, in order to thereby again obtain information for controlling the entire system, including the main filter system 140 and the filter device 110.

[0110] These measured values ​​of the sensor elements 113 , 121 and control signals for the filter devices 110 , 140 can be transmitted between the control units 130 wirelessly or by wire.

[0111] With the aid of the sensor data of the sensor elements 113, 121, the control unit can determine a room status selected from the group consisting of CO2 distribution or foreign matter distribution in the room 151, the presence of persons in the room 151, the occupancy of persons in the room 151, the noise level in the room 151, the distribution of persons in the room 151, the presence and / or location of hazardous sources (especially fire sources), aerosol concentration, fine dust concentration and / or virus concentration in the room 151.

[0112] The control unit 130 has a display element 131 for displaying the room status and / or the filter status. The display element 131 can consist, for example, of an optical display element such as an LED, which displays the room status or the filter status by means of a determined color tone.

[0113] Based on the measured air parameters, the control unit 130 can also control the central ventilation system 140, for example, in order to set the desired air parameters together with the local filter device 110 located in the room. The corresponding air parameters can be measured at multiple locations in the room 151, in order to cover in particular the entire room 151 as a measurement area. Accordingly, reliable statements can be made about the exceeding of individual limit values ​​of the air parameters in the room 151.

[0114] The control unit 130 is correspondingly configured to determine position data of the filter device 110 and / or the further sensor element 121 (or the central ventilation system 140 ) (for example by means of a GPS sensor or by means of locating a connection point (socket) of the corresponding central ventilation system 140 in the room 151 ) and / or to take into account preconfigured position data.

[0115] The control unit 130 can control the filter devices 110 and the central ventilation system 140. Thus, for example, a plurality of local (mobile) secondary filter devices 110 can be installed in a room 151, and in addition, a further filter device can be arranged in the room 151 as part of a primary central ventilation system 140. Based on the corresponding measured location-dependent air parameters, the control unit 130 can control all filter devices, the secondary filter devices 110 and the primary filter devices 140 individually.

[0116] The corresponding filter device 110 has a weighing device 114, which is arranged to weigh the filter occupancy of the filter element 112, in particular so that the measured value distortion can be compensated by the pressure of the air flowing through the filter device 110. With the corresponding additional mechanism, it is possible to compensate for the measured value distortion caused by the pressure of the air resistance during the operation of the filter device 110. This also allows the high filter occupancy of the filter element 112 to be determined for the operating mode of the filter device under low volume flow conditions, which does not lead to the triggering of the pressure difference monitoring of the filter element 112 in the usual filter monitoring.

[0117] The filter system 100 further comprises a data storage unit 132 which is connected to the control unit 130 , the corresponding filter device 110 and the further sensor element 121 for the purpose of exchanging data.

[0118] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a building 150 with two rooms 151 and a filter system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 The filtration system 100 has Figure 1 The invention also provides the same features as the filter system 100 of FIG. 1 , wherein the control unit 130 obtains measured values ​​from the sensor elements 113 , 121 from one room 151 and corresponding measured values ​​from the sensor elements 113 , 121 from another room 151 . Accordingly, air parameters from a plurality of rooms 151 of a building 150 can be determined or measured. For example, if the CO2 content in a room 151 increases compared to another room 151 , it can be determined that the room 151 is occupied. Accordingly, for example, a primary ventilation system 140 (e.g. a central ventilation system) or an individual filter device 110 in one of the rooms 151 can be controlled in order to establish a desired room state in the room 151 . Based on the knowledge of the occupancy of the room 151 by comparing the CO2 values ​​in the respective room 151 , a digital occupancy plan of the room 151 can also be controlled by means of the control unit 130 .

[0119] Therefore, the building 150 may have a plurality of rooms 151 and the above-mentioned filter system 100. The filter system 100 has a central ventilation system 140 (primary ventilation system) which has at least one further fan unit and one ventilation outlet in each of the respective rooms 151. The control unit 130 is configured to control the further fan unit, wherein the control unit 130 controls the filter device 110 and / or the central ventilation system 140 based on the room status and / or the filter status.

[0120] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of aerosol distribution in a room 151 of a building 150 with a filter system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0121] For example, due to the spatial spacing of the sensor element 113 and the further sensor element 121, the local distribution of the concentration of the air parameter can be determined. Based on this, the control unit 130 can make statements, such as spatial gatherings of people or statements about the presence and local presence of dangerous sources. In the example shown, an aerosol concentration 302 is shown as an air parameter. The density of people is higher in the first room area I in which the conference table 301 is arranged, while there are no people in the second room area II. For example, the density of people in the first room area I is determined by measuring the aerosol concentration with the aid of the sensor element 113 and the further sensor element 121. Here, the filter device 110 does not have to be located in the first room area I itself. Based on the position data of the filter device 110, it is known that it is closer to the first room area I than, for example, another sensor 121 in the part 140 of the central filter system. In addition, it is known, for example, that the filter device 110 inhales air 101 from a determined suction direction pointing in the direction of the first room area I. Based on these parameters and data, the control unit 130 can determine the corresponding distribution of the aerosol concentration 302 in the room 151.

[0122] Furthermore, the display element 131 can be configured as a graphic display, in particular a touch-sensitive display (touch display). An image of the room 151 is shown on the graphic display, and the corresponding room regions I, II in which the determined room state or filter state exists are shown. Thus, for example, a room region I in which a high aerosol load exists and another room region II in which a low aerosol load exists can be graphically represented.

[0123] Thus, the control unit 130 can display the room status of the room 151 in a location-dependent manner based on the measured air parameters of the corresponding filter devices 110, 140. Thus, for example, a room map can be created in a targeted manner, in which the individual concentrations of the selected air parameters are displayed. Based on this, the control unit 130 controls the individual filter devices 110, 140 individually in order to set the desired concentration of the air parameter in the room 151 based on its filter power.

[0124] exist Figure 3 In , the aerosol distribution is used as an air parameter by way of example. According to the invention, a plurality of other air parameters can be used, which can be displayed graphically in a location-dependent manner by means of the control unit 130 and on the basis of which the filter devices 110 , 140 can be controlled.

[0125] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a filter element 112 with a dynamic pressure gauge 402 as a sensor element 113, 121 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The dynamic pressure gauge 402 is configured so that the static pressure upstream of the filter element 112 and the static pressure and dynamic pressure downstream of the exhaust side after the filter element 112 can be measured. If the velocity of the air flow is high enough, the pressure difference p1-p2 between the normal pressure sampling point upstream of the filter element 112 (pressure p1) and the dynamic pressure tube (or pitot tube) downstream of the filter element 112 (pressure p2) can be measured. The pressure in the pitot tube is given by the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure and is therefore higher than the pressure in the normal pressure sampling point before the filter element 112. This configuration generates a reverse pressure difference or a negative pressure difference on the filter element 112 and allows the detection of supply line blockage or valve flap failure.

[0126] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a filter material for a filter element 112 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown. The filter element 112 has in particular a plurality of filter layers which are arranged in sequence in the flow direction of the air 101 through the filter element 112, wherein in particular the first filter layer facing the air supply side filters more coarsely than at least one of the second filter layers following the first filter layer in the flow direction. Thus, coarser particles can be filtered first, while smaller particles flow through the first layer and are filtered out only later in the fine layer.

[0127] The filter body 112 has at least two fleece layers 501, 503 and a filter membrane 502 arranged between the fleece layers 501, 503, wherein the fleece layers 501, 503 are arranged one above the other in a third direction z to form a layer composite, wherein the middle filter membrane 502 of the layer composite has a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers 501, 503. The middle filter membrane 502 has corrugated sections arranged in sequence along the first direction x.

[0128] In other words, a coarse covering flannel can be arranged on the air supply side as an outer flannel layer 503, which is particularly arranged in a corrugated manner on the air supply side of the filter membrane 502. The coarse covering flannel can also be arranged on the exhaust side of the filter membrane 502 as a flannel layer 501 on the exhaust side. Here, the outer flannel layer 503 at the air supply side is more strongly corrugated than the outer flannel layer 501 at the exhaust side. Here, the filter membrane 502 is strongly corrugated, and accordingly is also configured to strongly filter. The middle area between the waves of the outer flannel layers 501, 503 and the filter membrane 502 can be filled with a film material to achieve higher stability.

[0129] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a waveform of a filter element 112 according to an exemplary embodiment is shown.

[0130] The corrugation segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to each other in particular in a plane. The filter element 112 is arranged so that the air 101 can flow through the filter element 112 in a first direction x or in a second direction y. For example, the x direction is the air inflow direction of the air 101, and the corrugation segments extend in the second direction y transversely to the first direction x. The asymmetry of the corrugation arrangement and shape can be used for vibration suppression.

[0131] In addition, it should be noted that "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. In addition, it should be noted that features or steps that have been described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. The reference numerals in the claims should not be considered as limiting.

[0132] Reference numerals list

[0133] 100 Filtration System

[0134] 101 Air, airflow

[0135] 110 Filtration device / secondary filtration system

[0136] 111 Fan unit

[0137] 112 filter element

[0138] 113 Sensor element

[0139] 114 Weighing device

[0140] 121 Another sensor element

[0141] 130 Control unit

[0142] 131 Display components

[0143] 132 Data storage unit

[0144] 140 Central filtration system / primary filtration system

[0145] 150 Buildings

[0146] Room 151

[0147] 301 Conference Table

[0148] 302 Aerosol concentration

[0149] 401 External air flow restriction

[0150] 402 Dynamic Pressure Gauge

[0151] 501 outer fleece layer

[0152] 502 Filter membrane

[0153] 503 outer fleece layer

[0154] x first direction

[0155] y Second direction

[0156] z The third direction

[0157] I. First Room Area

[0158] II Second Room Area

Claims

1. A filtering system (100) for filtering air (101) in a room (151) of a building (150), the filtering system (100) comprising: A filter device (110) comprising a fan unit (111) and a filter element (112), wherein the filter device (110) can be placed in a room (151). The air (101) to be filtered can be filtered by passing through the filter element (112) with the aid of the fan unit (111). The filter device (110) comprises a sensor element (113) for determining at least one filter device parameter, the filter device parameter comprising at least one air parameter of the air (101) to be filtered at the filter device (110) or an operating parameter of the filter device (110), Another sensor element (121) can be placed spaced apart from the filter device (110) and is configured to determine at least another air parameter at the other sensor element (121); A control unit (130) is coupled to the filter device (110) and the further sensor element (121) and is configured to determine at least one room state or filter state based on the filter device parameter and another air parameter.

2. The filtration system (100) according to claim 1, in, At least the air parameter or the other air parameter is selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide content, carbon dioxide content, relative humidity, air pressure, oxygen content, air flow velocity, foreign matter content with foreign particles, in particular fine dust content, particle size of foreign particles, in particular diameter of foreign particles, foreign particle type, dew point and air temperature.

3. The filtration system (100) according to claim 1 or 2, in, At least the operating parameter of the filter device (110) is selected from the group consisting of the power consumption of the filter device (110), the air flow rate through the filter element (112), the volume of the fan unit (111), the flow rate of the through-flowing air (101), the temperature of the fan unit (111), and the pressure drop of the through-flowing air (101) on the filter element (112).

4. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, The control unit (130) is configured to determine at least the room status, which is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide distribution in the room (151), the presence of people in the room (151), occupancy of people in the room (151), distribution of people in the room (151), noise level in the room (151), the presence and / or location of dangerous sources, especially fire sources, aerosol concentration, fine dust concentration and / or virus concentration in the room (151).

5. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in, The control unit (130) is configured to at least determine the filter status, the filter status being selected from the group consisting of a filter occupancy rate of the filter element (112), filter replacement information, and fan maintenance information.

6. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in, The control unit (130) has a display element (131) for displaying the room status and / or the filter status.

7. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in, A further sensor element (121) is arranged in the same room (151) as the filter device (110).

8. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in, A further sensor element (121) is arranged in a room (151) different from the filter device (110).

9. The filtration system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising: A further filter device (110) is spaced apart from the filter device (110) in the room (151), wherein the further filter device (110) has the further sensor element (121).

10. The filter system (100) according to claim 9, in, The further filter device (110) comprises a further filter element (112), The further filter device (110) is in particular a part (140) of a central filter system of a building (150), or The further filter device (110) has a further fan unit (111) and is in particular designed to be movable.

11. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in, The control unit (130) is configured to determine position data of the filter device (110) and / or the further sensor element (121) and / or to take into account preconfigured position data.

12. The filtering system (100) according to claim 11 in, The control unit (130) is configured to generate a thermal image map, a local distribution image of gas concentration, in particular carbon dioxide concentration distribution or oxygen concentration distribution, personnel distribution, noise level changes, aerosol distribution, moisture distribution, virus distribution, fine dust concentration distribution based on the position data.

13. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in, The control unit (130) is configured to control the filter device (110), in particular the fan unit (111), based on the room status and / or the filter status.

14. The filter system (100) according to claim 13, in, The control unit (130) is configured to variably control the filter device (110), in particular the fan unit (111), so that the change changes the space suction area, in particular so that the influence of the suction area change jointly determines the determination of the room state.

15. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, in, The control unit (130) is configured to variably control the filter device (110), in particular the fan unit (111), so that future energy availability and / or current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system (100) and / or the building (150) can be taken into account, The control unit (130) automatically or semi-automatically controls the filter device (110) and / or adjusts the filter device (110) within a preset range using an approval function based on future energy availability and / or current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system and / or the building (150).

16. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in, The filter element (112) is configured such that the pressure drop of the air (101) flowing through the filter element (112) is less than 450 Pa, in particular less than 250 Pa, further in particular less than 150 Pa.

17. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, in, The filtering device (110) is configured so that the air volume per square meter of filtering area per hour is less than 600 m 3 / (m 2 h) Especially below 140m 3 / (m 2 h) Below 85m 3 / (m 2 h) or less than 50m 3 / (m 2 h), and / or The volume flow rate of the air (101) passing through the filter device (110) is in the range of 0.1 to 5 m / s, in particular in the range of 0.2 m / s to 3.4 m / s, and further in particular in the range of 0.3 m / s to 2.8 m / s.

18. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, in, The control unit (130) is arranged separately from the filter device (110) and the further sensor element (121).

19. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, in, The control unit (130) is configured to determine the power consumption of the filter device (110) based on the determined room state and / or the determined filter state, and / or The control unit (130) is configured to determine control data for the filter device (110), in particular for the fan unit (111), based on the determined room state and / or the determined filter state, and to display the control data to a user and / or to automatically control at least one filter device (110), preferably multiple, in particular all filter devices (110) with the aid of the control data.

20. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, in, The control unit (130) is configured to analyze the room state based on the determined fine dust, in particular based on the occurrence frequency of the fine dust, in particular the frequency of the diameter classes of the fine dust and / or the composition of the fine dust as air parameters, in particular to analyze the room state in real time.

21. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, in, The control unit (130) is connected to the filter device (110) and / or the further sensor element (121) for wireless signal exchange of sensor signals or control commands. The filter device (110) provides the filter-related data to the control unit (130), in particular by means of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or a protocol of building management technology, Therein, the control unit (130) is in particular configured such that a warning signal can be generated based on the filter-related data and / or measures can be taken with respect to the throughput through the filter device (110).

22. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, in, The control unit (130) obtains a unique ID from the filtering device (110), wherein the unique ID contains information about a usage location of the filtering device (110), wherein the control device receives the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol or a building management system protocol, in particular a LON or EIB protocol, Wherein, the operation and / or configuration of the filtering device (110) can be adjusted based on the unique ID.

23. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 22, in, The filter element (112) comprises a filter material comprising a fleece layer, in particular a plurality of fleece layers. The filter element (112) can be replaceably arranged in the filter device (110). The filter element (112) is in particular a disposable filter.

24. The filter system (100) according to claim 23, in, The filter element (112) comprises at least two fleece layers (151, 153) and a filter membrane (152) arranged between the fleece layers (151, 153), wherein the fleece layers (151, 153) are arranged one on top of another to form a layer composite. In this case, the middle filter membrane (152) of the layer composite has in particular a larger surface than the two outer fleece layers (151, 153).

25. The filter system (100) according to claim 24, in, The first direction (x) and the second direction (y) define a plane, The intermediate filter membrane (152) is configured to have corrugated sections, such that the corrugated sections are arranged in sequence along a first direction (x). The corrugation segments extend irregularly and asymmetrically relative to one another in particular in a plane, and The filter element (112) is arranged such that the air (101) can flow through the filter element (112) along a first direction (x) or along a second direction (y).

26. The filtration system (100) according to claim 25, The filter element (112) has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm, and / or in, The number of the corrugated sections is 0.5 to 3 corrugations per centimeter.

27. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 26, in, The filter element (112) comprises a filter material which is hydrophobic and / or contains natural fibers or polyolefins, in particular polypropylene, in particular the filter contains cellulose, cotton and / or hemp.

28. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 27, in, The filter device (110) has a weighing device (114) which is configured to weigh the filter occupancy of the filter element (111), in particular to compensate for measured value distortions caused by the pressure of the air (101) flowing through the filter device (110).

29. The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 28, in, The filter device (110) has a power supply unit, which is configured to generate energy by means of an air flow through the filter device (110) and / or by electromagnetic waves, wherein the energy is particularly used for operating the sensor element (113, 121) and / or the filter device (110).

30. The filtration system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 29, further comprising: a data storage unit (132) connected to the control unit (130), the filter device (110) and the other sensor element (121) to exchange data, The data can be protected in particular by certificates and / or encryption, The data particularly represent measured values ​​selected from the group consisting of an air flow through the filter device (110), air temperature, air pressure, in particular absolute pressure and / or differential pressure, filter occupancy of the filter element (112), air humidity, aerosol load, PM content and / or foreign matter content of the air, and measurement locations of air measurements.

31. The filtration system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 30, in, The sensor element (113) is a dynamic pressure gauge (402) and is configured in particular to be able to measure the static pressure upstream of the filter element (112) and the static pressure and the dynamic pressure downstream of the filter element (112), and / or The sensor element (113) has a microphone configured to detect the noise level in the room (151), so that the number and voice intensity of people speaking in the room can be determined by measuring and evaluating the noise level in the room (151).

32. A building (150), comprising: Multiple Rooms (151), The filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 31, The filter system (100) has a central ventilation system, which has at least one further fan unit (111) and a ventilation outlet in the corresponding room (151). Wherein, the control unit (130) is configured to control the other fan unit (111), Wherein, the control unit (130) controls the filter device (110) and / or the central ventilation system based on the room status and / or the filter status.

33. A method for filtering air (101) in a room (151) of a building (150) using a filter system (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 31.

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