Method for preventing and treating avocado bark beetles

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling avocado bark beetle, and belongs to the technical field of avocado pest control, and the method comprises the following steps: removing damaged branches, arranging traps, and arranging pest sticking plates: arranging one bark beetle sticking plate on each plant which is freshly damaged by bark beetle, in the eclosion flying period of the adult trophy beetles in May to October every year, pesticide is mixed with water to conduct branch spraying, spraying is mainly conducted on newly-invaded plant branches, it is guaranteed that bark of the whole trunk is wet, spraying is conducted once every 15-20 days according to the harm situation, pesticide is continuously sprayed for 2-3 times, and punching and pesticide injection are conducted on the trunk; the method comprises the following steps of: after invasion of the small round chest bark beetles and in an active period of offspring larvae, injecting a pesticide into holes in trunks, injecting the pesticide once every 20-25 days, and continuously injecting for 2-3 times. Physical prevention and control are combined with chemical prevention and control measures, the number of beetle insects can be effectively reduced, and therefore the situation that beetle insects damage avocado fruit trees is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of avocado pest control, and in particular to a method for controlling avocado borer borer. Background Art

[0002] Avocado Persea americana Mill is a famous tropical fruit native to the humid areas of Central America and Mexico. It is also known as avocado, alligator pear, camphor pear or happy fruit. It has a unique taste and extremely high nutritional value. It is deeply loved by people and is also promoted in many places in China. According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the planting area of ​​avocados in China exceeded 18,100 hm2 in 2020, mainly distributed in Yunnan Province, Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hainan Province, Fujian Province, Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province and other places, with an output of more than 120,000 tons, but it is still in short supply. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is one of the provinces (regions) in my country that introduced avocados earlier. It began to introduce and test in the late 1950s, but commercial cultivation did not begin until the late 1990s. The industry started late. The current planting area is about 1,300 hm2, mainly concentrated in Chongzuo and Nanning. Euwallaceafornicatus (Eichhoff), also known as tea wood beetle and tea branch beetle, belongs to the genus Euwallacea of ​​the family Euwallidae in the order Coleoptera. It is mainly distributed in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hainan Province, Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Fujian Province, Taiwan Province and other places in China. Its host plants include more than 300 species of 63 families such as tea, rubber, litchi, and longan. Euwallacea is one of the major trunk-boring pests that have erupted in recent years at home and abroad. It has caused serious damage to the avocado industry in Israel, Mexico, California, Florida and other places in the United States, and has become a major pest of avocado. After the insect emerges, it bores into the branches of avocado to feed and reproduce, forming a borehole. During the borehole process, the fungal spores carried on its body surface are scattered in the borehole and begin to grow. The growth of hyphae blocks the vascular bundle of the avocado tree, and together with the borer, it harms the avocado, causing the avocado tree to die. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling the avocado borer, so as to solve the technical problem that the avocado borer pest causes a reduction in avocado yield or death, and to improve the effect of preventing and controlling the avocado borer pest by optimizing the process, formula, method, etc.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for preventing and controlling avocado borer borer, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Remove infected branches: Regularly inspect the orchard, and promptly cut off branches with insects if found, and take them out of the orchard and burn them in batches;

[0007] S2: Setting traps: During the emergence period of the adult avocado borer, traps are set until the emergence period of the current adult is over;

[0008] S3: Set up sticky insect boards: On plants that have been freshly damaged by the small round-breasted beetle, set up one small round-breasted beetle sticky insect board on each plant;

[0009] S4: Spraying insecticide on trunks: During the period from May to October each year when the adults of the small round-breasted bark beetle emerge and fly, spray the branches and trunks with insecticide diluted with water. The spray is mainly aimed at the branches and trunks of newly invaded plants to ensure that the entire bark of the trunk is sprayed wet. Depending on the damage situation, spray once every 15 to 20 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in succession;

[0010] S5: Drill holes and inject pesticides into the trunks: For plants that have been recently damaged by the small round-breasted beetle, after the small round-breasted beetle invades and during the activity period of the offspring larvae, drill holes in the trunks and inject the pesticides. Inject the pesticides once every 20 to 25 days for 2 to 3 times.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, the trap is set at a height of 1.5 to 2 m from the ground, and a small round-breasted borer attractant core is placed inside. One trap is placed per acre, and the trapped adults are cleaned every 3 days.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, the sticky insect board is a high-viscosity cardboard coated with the aggregation pheromone of the small round-breasted beetle, and is placed at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters from the ground. The sticky insect board is replaced after 6 weeks or when it has no stickiness.

[0013] Furthermore, the insecticide selected in step S4 is 1000-1500 times diluted 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-1500 times diluted 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 1000-1500 times diluted 10% high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsion in water.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, a bark penetrant is added to the insecticide and diluted 200-300 times.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5, a small hole 3 to 4 cm deep is drilled at a 45° angle downward at the base of the tree trunk 0.5 to 1.5 m from the ground, the tip of the injection bottle is inserted into the hole, and the empty bottle is recovered after the liquid medicine is completely absorbed by the tree, and the drilled hole is sealed.

[0016] Furthermore, the insecticide selected in step S5 is 50-100 times diluted 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 50-100 times diluted 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 50-100 times diluted 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.

[0017] 8. The method for controlling avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control agent in step S5 is added with a bark penetrant and diluted 100-200 times.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S4 and step S5, in order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, the control agents chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, emamectin benzoate microemulsion, high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsion in water, and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are used in a rotating and alternating manner.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0020] (1) The present invention adopts physical control combined with chemical control measures, which can effectively reduce the number of borer pests, thereby reducing the damage of borer pests to avocado trees. After the avocado orchard of Guangxi South Asian Tropical Agricultural Science Research Institute adopted the technical solution of the present invention, the rate of plants damaged by borer pests was significantly reduced from the original 25.34% to 4.49% after control, and the number of holes in the plants with borers was less than 10 (light level), and the control effect was very significant.

[0021] (2) In the prevention and treatment of the small round-breasted beetle, the present invention adopts the traditional method of cutting off the insect branches and cleaning the damaged branches and trunks, and at the same time sets traps and sticky insect boards in the garden, utilizes the chemotaxis of the small round-breasted beetle, lures the adult of the small round-breasted beetle, regularly collects and cleans and kills it, which can effectively reduce the number of insects in the next year. At the same time, it reduces the amount of pesticides used in the orchard and reduces and avoids the abuse of pesticides.

[0022] (3) In addition to centralized trapping, the number of adults can also be reduced by artificially killing them with electric mosquito swatters, sticky insect nets, etc. during the period from May to October when the adults emerge from their pupae and fly, taking advantage of their poor flying ability.

[0023] (4) The present invention combines the living habits of the small round-breasted beetle, and during the period from May to October when the adult insects emerge and fly, 1000-1500 times of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-1500 times of 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 1000-1500 times of 10% high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate aqueous emulsion is sprayed on the tree crown for insecticide killing. The selected agents are all low-toxic and high-efficiency insecticides, which have little impact on the ecological environment.

[0024] (5) The present invention uses an injection bottle to fill a 50-100 times solution of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate or a 50-100 times solution of 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion or a 50-100 times solution of 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and injects the medicine into the tree trunk, which has the characteristics of strong pertinence and low pollution, reduces the harm of chemical agents to natural enemies, and protects the ecological environment; at the same time, a bark penetrant is added to the agent to allow the agent to quickly penetrate into the damaged part, so as to achieve the effect of reducing the amount of medicine and increasing the efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the coexistence of various insect states of the small round-breasted beetle of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the control process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, it should be noted that many details listed in the specification are only for the purpose of enabling the reader to have a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, and these aspects of the present invention can be implemented even without these specific details.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] A method for preventing and controlling avocado borer borer, the method comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1: Remove infected branches: Inspect the orchard regularly and cut off any insect-infested branches immediately and take them out of the orchard for centralized burning.

[0031] S2: Set up traps: Set up traps during the emergence period of the adult avocado borer until the emergence period of the current adult. The traps are set at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground, with a small round-breasted borer bait core inside. Place one trap per mu, and clean the trapped adults every 3 days.

[0032] S3: Set up sticky insect boards: On plants with fresh damage from the small round-breasted beetle, set up one small round-breasted beetle sticky insect board for each plant. The sticky insect board is a highly sticky cardboard coated with small round-breasted beetle aggregation pheromone. It is placed 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground and replaced after 6 weeks or when it is no longer sticky.

[0033] S4: Spraying insecticide on trunks: During the period of emergence and flight of the adult round-breasted bark beetle from May to October each year, spray the branches and trunks with insecticide diluted with water. The spray is mainly aimed at the branches and trunks of newly invaded plants to ensure that the entire bark of the trunk is sprayed wet. According to the damage situation, spray once every 15 to 20 days, and spray continuously for 2 to 3 times. The insecticide is 1000-1500 times diluted with 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-1500 times diluted with 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 1000-1500 times diluted with 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr emulsion in water. Add bark penetrant to the insecticide and dilute it 200-300 times.

[0034] S5: Tree trunk drilling and injection: For plants with fresh damage from round-breasted beetles, after the small round-breasted beetle invades and during the activity period of the offspring larvae, use the agent to drill holes in the tree trunk for injection, and inject the agent once every 20 to 25 days, and inject 2 to 3 times in a row. Drill a 3 to 4 cm deep hole at a 45° angle downward at the base of the trunk 0.5 to 1.5 m above the ground, insert the tip of the injection bottle into the hole, and after the liquid is completely absorbed by the tree, recover the empty bottle and seal the drill hole. The insecticide is a 50-100 times solution of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate. Add bark penetrant to the control agent and dilute it 100-200 times. In order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, the control agents chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, emamectin benzoate microemulsion, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate emulsion in water, and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are used in a rotating manner.

[0035] The strong reproductive capacity and survival adaptability of the small round-breasted bark beetle are the main reasons for its outbreak. The insect has many host plants and can spread and cause harm along various host plants. The insect is small and lives in seclusion. It spends most of its life history in the tunnels of host trees. It is only exposed when the adults emerge and spread, thus avoiding being killed by most natural enemies and pesticides. This insect can have 6 generations a year in southern my country. When the average daily temperature is 22-30℃, the generation period in the field is about 36 days, and the generations overlap seriously. All insect stages can be seen in all seasons of the year, and all insect stages can also be seen in the tunnels during the same period ( Figure 1 Adult females lay eggs in tunnels and can continue to lay eggs for a period of time. Each female lays from a few to dozens of eggs, and the egg hatching rate reaches 90%.

[0036] The following experiments are mainly for the experimental statistical process of step S5:

[0037] 1. Test location: Prevention and control test was carried out in the avocado orchard of South Asia Institute

[0038] 2. Trial period: 2023-2024

[0039] 3. Test methods:

[0040] Twelve avocado plants with similar damage from the small round-breasted borer were selected and divided into four treatments, with three plants in each treatment. The following treatments were used for the experiment:

[0041] Treatment 1: 1 kg of 1.6% chloranilamide / clothianidin granules was applied to each root;

[0042] Treatment 2: Treat the avocado plants with 50-100 times diluted 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, and set three spots of anti-insect liquid on each plant, with 200 ml on each spot;

[0043] Treatment 3: Use a hanging needle device to slowly inject 500 ml of 50-fold solution of chlorpyrifos + penetrant into the affected plants, with one hanging needle set for each plant;

[0044] CK: blank control

[0045] The control effect was investigated 30 days after application.

[0046] The test was carried out on April 9, 2024. On May 10, tree trunks of equivalent size on the treated plants were cut and split to count the number of living and dead insects. The control effects are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table of control effects of Avocado round-breasted borer

[0048]

[0049] Note: Control effect = number of dead insects / total number of insects*100%

[0050] Results analysis: From the results, treatment 2 had the best control effect, reaching 81.25%, while treatment 1 had the worst control effect, only 30.30%. Due to the limitations of the experiment, the results may have large errors, such as the inability to split the tree trunk before applying the pesticide, and the inability to accurately determine the insect population base. After applying the pesticide, the pests may crawl out and move. Some dead insects may also be normal deaths at the end of the pest period. Further experiments are needed to reduce the error.

[0051] Embodiment 2:

[0052] A method for preventing and controlling avocado borer borer, the method comprising the following steps:

[0053] S1: Remove infected branches: Inspect the orchard regularly and cut off any insect-infested branches immediately and take them out of the orchard for centralized burning.

[0054] S2: Set up traps: Set up traps during the emergence period of the adult avocado borer until the emergence period of the current adult. The traps are set at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground, with a small round-breasted borer bait core inside. Place one trap per mu, and clean the trapped adults every 3 days.

[0055] S3: Set up sticky insect boards: On plants with fresh damage from the small round-breasted beetle, set up one small round-breasted beetle sticky insect board for each plant. The sticky insect board is a highly sticky cardboard coated with small round-breasted beetle aggregation pheromone. It is placed 1.5 to 2 meters above the ground and replaced after 6 weeks or when it is no longer sticky.

[0056] S4: Spraying insecticide on trunks: During the period of emergence and flight of the adult round-breasted bark beetle from May to October each year, spray the branches and trunks with insecticide diluted with water. The spray is mainly aimed at the branches and trunks of newly invaded plants to ensure that the entire bark of the trunk is sprayed wet. According to the damage situation, spray once every 15 to 20 days, and spray continuously for 2 to 3 times. The insecticide is 1000-1500 times diluted with 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-1500 times diluted with 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 1000-1500 times diluted with 10% highly effective chlorfenapyr emulsion in water. Add bark penetrant to the insecticide and dilute it 200-300 times.

[0057] S5: Tree trunk drilling and injection: For plants with fresh damage from round-breasted beetles, after the small round-breasted beetle invades and during the activity period of the offspring larvae, use the agent to drill holes in the tree trunk and inject the agent, injecting the agent once every 20 to 25 days, and injecting 2 to 3 times in a row. Drill a 3 to 4 cm deep hole at a 45° angle downward at the base of the trunk 0.5 to 1.5 m above the ground, insert the tip of the injection bottle into the hole, and after the liquid is completely absorbed by the tree, recover the empty bottle and seal the drill hole. The insecticide is a 50-100 times solution of 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion. Add bark penetrant to the control agent and dilute it 100-200 times. In order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, the control agents chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, emamectin benzoate microemulsion, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate water emulsion, and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are used in a rotating and alternating manner.

[0058] The strong reproductive capacity and survival adaptability of the small round-breasted bark beetle are the main reasons for its outbreak. The insect has many host plants and can spread and cause harm along various host plants. The insect is small and lives in seclusion. It spends most of its life history in the tunnels of host trees. It is only exposed when the adults emerge and spread, thus avoiding being killed by most natural enemies and pesticides. This insect can have 6 generations a year in southern my country. When the average daily temperature is 22-30℃, the generation period in the field is about 36 days, and the generations overlap seriously. All insect stages can be seen in all seasons of the year, and all insect stages can also be seen in the tunnels during the same period ( Figure 1 Adult females lay eggs in tunnels and can continue to lay eggs for a period of time. Each female lays from a few to dozens of eggs, and the egg hatching rate reaches 90%.

[0059] The following experiments are mainly for the experimental statistical process of step S5:

[0060] 1. Test location: Prevention and control test was carried out in the avocado orchard of South Asia Institute

[0061] 2. Trial period: 2023-2024

[0062] 3. Test methods:

[0063] Twelve avocado plants with similar damage from the small round-breasted borer were selected and divided into four treatments, with three plants in each treatment. The following treatments were used for the experiment:

[0064] Treatment 1: 1 kg of 1.6% chloranilamide / clothianidin granules was applied to each root;

[0065] Treatment 2: Treat the avocado plants with 50-100 times dilution of 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, and set three spots of anti-insect liquid on each plant, with 200 ml on each spot;

[0066] Treatment 3: Use a hanging needle device to slowly inject 500 ml of 50-fold solution of chlorpyrifos + penetrant into the affected plants, with one hanging needle set for each plant;

[0067] CK: blank control

[0068] The control effect was investigated 30 days after application.

[0069] The test was carried out on April 9, 2024. On May 10, tree trunks of equivalent size on the treated plants were cut and split to count the number of living and dead insects. The control effects are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table of control effects of Avocado round-breasted borer

[0071]

[0072] Note: Control effect = number of dead insects / total number of insects*100%

[0073] Results analysis: From the results, treatment 2 had the best control effect, reaching 87.87%, while treatment 1 had the worst control effect, only 31.42%. Due to the limitations of the experiment, the results may have large errors, such as the inability to split the trunk before applying the pesticide, and the inability to accurately determine the insect population base. After applying the pesticide, the pests may crawl out and move. Some dead insects may also be normal deaths at the end of the pest period. Further experiments are needed to reduce the error.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling avocado borer, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Remove infected branches: Regularly inspect the orchard, and promptly cut off branches with insects if found, and take them out of the orchard and burn them in a centralized manner; S2: Setting traps: During the emergence period of the adult avocado borer, traps are set until the emergence period of the current adult is over; S3: Set up sticky insect boards: On plants that have been freshly damaged by the small round-breasted beetle, set up one small round-breasted beetle sticky insect board on each plant; S4: Spraying insecticide on trunks: During the period from May to October each year when the adults of the small round-breasted bark beetle emerge and fly, spray the branches and trunks with insecticide diluted with water. The spray is mainly aimed at the branches and trunks of newly invaded plants to ensure that the entire bark of the trunk is sprayed wet. Depending on the damage situation, spray once every 15 to 20 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in succession; S5: Drill holes and inject pesticides into the trunks: For plants that have been recently damaged by the small round-breasted beetle, after the small round-breasted beetle invades and during the activity period of the offspring larvae, drill holes in the trunks and inject the pesticides. Inject the pesticides once every 20 to 25 days for 2 to 3 times.

2. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the trap is set at a height of 1.5 to 2 m from the ground, and a small round-breasted borer bait core is placed inside. One trap is placed per mu, and the trapped adults are cleaned every 3 days.

3. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the sticky insect board is a high-viscosity cardboard coated with the aggregation pheromone of the small round-breasted beetle, and is placed at a height of 1.5 to 2 meters from the ground. The sticky insect board is replaced after 6 weeks or when it has no stickiness.

4. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insecticide selected in step S4 is 1000-1500 times diluted 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-1500 times diluted 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 1000-1500 times diluted 10% high-efficiency cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion.

5. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the bark penetrant is added to the insecticide and diluted 200-300 times.

6. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, a small hole 3 to 4 cm deep is drilled at a 45° angle downward at the base of the tree trunk 0.5 to 1.5 m from the ground, the tip of the injection bottle is inserted into the hole, and the empty bottle is recovered after the liquid medicine is completely absorbed by the tree, and the drilled hole is sealed.

7. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insecticide selected in step S5 is 50-100 times diluted 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, 50-100 times diluted 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion, or 50-100 times diluted 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.

8. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control agent in step S5 is added with a bark penetrant and diluted 100-200 times.

9. The method for controlling the avocado borer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4 and step S5, in order to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance, the control agents chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, emamectin benzoate microemulsion, high-efficiency cyhalothrin emulsion in water, and phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are used in a rotating and alternating manner.

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