Three-season cultivation method for intercropping fresh corn, green soy beans and vegetable rotation

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-season cultivation method for intercropping fresh corn with green soy beans and crop rotation of vegetables, relates to the field of agricultural planting, and aims to solve the problems that an existing planting method cannot fully utilize the characteristics of the fresh corn to achieve the yield increasing target and the planting income of the fresh corn is limited. The method comprises the following steps: 1, land selection: selecting fertile, flat and well-drained soil for planting; 2, corn seed selection: selecting a suitable fresh corn variety according to climate conditions of a planting area; 3, planting two seasons of fresh corn in one year, and intercropping green soy beans while planting the fresh corn; fourthly, after the fresh corn is harvested, ploughing, soil preparation and ridging are conducted, and then winter vegetables are planted; 5, performing field management and pest control. According to the method, the growth characteristic that the fresh corn is short in growth cycle is fully utilized, two-season fresh corn can be planted in one year, the planting income of the fresh corn is increased, and the fresh corn is promoted to meet marketization requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation. Background Art

[0002] Corn (Zea mays L.) belongs to the genus Zea of ​​the Poaceae family. It has high nutritional value and is an excellent food crop. Fresh corn is mainly used for food, also known as fruit corn, which is fresh ears harvested at the end of the milky stage of corn. Fresh corn has the comprehensive advantages of high nutritional value, good taste, good efficiency, low fat and high fiber. With the improvement of people's living standards and the improvement of health awareness, the demand for fresh corn is increasing year by year.

[0003] The existing planting method is to plant one season of fresh corn a year, which fails to fully utilize the characteristics of fresh corn to achieve the goal of increasing production, and the income from fresh corn planting is limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing planting method fails to fully utilize the characteristics of fresh corn to achieve the yield increase target and the income from fresh corn planting is limited, and provides a three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation.

[0005] The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation comprises the following steps:

[0006] 1. Land selection: Choose fertile, flat and well-drained soil for planting;

[0007] 2. Corn seed selection: Choose suitable fresh corn varieties according to the climatic conditions of the planting area;

[0008] 3. Plant fresh corn twice a year and intercrop edamame with fresh corn;

[0009] 4. After the fresh corn is harvested, the land is tilled and ridged, and then winter vegetables are planted;

[0010] 5. Carry out field management and pest control.

[0011] Furthermore, in step three, the first season of fresh corn is planted in early April, and the first season of fresh corn and edamame are sown at the same time.

[0012] Among them, the planting pattern of fresh corn and edamame is two fresh corn plants intercropped with two edamame plants. The spacing between fresh corn plants is 45cm; the spacing between edamame plants is 45cm; the spacing between fresh corn and edamame plants is also 45cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step three, the second season fresh corn is planted in early August, and the second season fresh corn and edamame are sown at the same time.

[0014] Among them, the planting pattern of fresh corn and edamame is two fresh corn plants intercropped with two edamame plants. The spacing between fresh corn plants is 45cm; the spacing between edamame plants is 45cm; the spacing between fresh corn and edamame plants is also 45cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in step five, weeds and wheat stubble are removed from the field to destroy the habitat of the pests according to the need for crop pest control.

[0016] Furthermore, the field management in step five specifically includes land preparation and film laying before sowing, drought prevention in summer and frost prevention in winter, soil loosening and fertilization, and timely weeding.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] The present invention makes full use of the short growth cycle of fresh corn, realizes the planting of two crops of fresh corn a year, increases the income from the planting of fresh corn, and promotes the fresh corn to meet the market demand.

[0019] Intercropping can improve land utilization, and the complex crop group formed by intercropping can increase the interception and absorption of sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy. The two intercropped crops can also produce complementary effects. Intercropping of leguminous and gramineous crops is conducive to replenishing the consumption of soil nitrogen.

[0020] Edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Glycine max in the Leguminosae family and an important food and oil crop. The plant height of edamame is 30-90cm, and the plant is relatively short. Edamame establishes a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to form nodules, which have a very high nitrogen-fixing ability.

[0021] Intercropping fresh corn with edamame can improve land utilization, make rational use of natural resources such as space and light energy, increase the use of light energy, replenish soil nitrogen consumption, increase soil nutrients available to corn plants, and promote corn growth. Intercropping fresh corn can take advantage of niche differences to form a farmland ecosystem with high efficiency in temperature, light, water, and fertilizer. Combining the planting method of planting two seasons of fresh corn a year with the intercropping method can increase the yield of fresh corn, give play to the relative advantages of different crops, make full use of resources, and improve economic benefits.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention is more flexible in the selection of crops and can select crops according to the actual conditions of the planting site. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation modes listed below, but also includes any combination of the specific implementation modes.

[0024] Specific implementation method 1: The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation in this implementation method comprises the following steps:

[0025] 1. Land selection: Choose fertile, flat and well-drained soil for planting;

[0026] 2. Corn seed selection: Choose suitable fresh corn varieties according to the climatic conditions of the planting area;

[0027] 3. Plant fresh corn twice a year and intercrop edamame with fresh corn;

[0028] 4. After the fresh corn is harvested, the land is tilled and ridged, and then winter vegetables are planted;

[0029] 5. Carry out field management and pest control.

[0030] The selection of fresh corn varieties should be considered comprehensively. First, the selection should be based on the suitable planting areas of each variety of corn. For example, Huanaicai sweet and sticky 102 corn is suitable for planting in the fresh corn type area of ​​Gansu Province; Zhejiang Tian 19 is suitable for planting in Zhejiang Province and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the same ecological zone; Wannong sweet and sticky 158 has a wide range of suitable planting areas, etc. Secondly, the selection should be based on the taste preferences of local people. According to botanical classification, fresh corn can be divided into three types: sweet corn, sticky corn and sweet and sticky corn. The three types have certain differences in taste and need to be selected according to specific circumstances.

[0031] The present invention utilizes the nitrogen fixation effect of rhizobia in the roots of edamame to increase the nutrients that can be absorbed by fresh corn and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers; the fresh corn and edamame intercropped have different plant heights, which can make full use of natural resources; by rotating fresh corn twice and winter vegetables once, the land is fully utilized and land resources are used reasonably. In addition, winter vegetables can be freely selected according to the climatic conditions of the planting area and the local vegetable demand, and the economic effect can be improved flexibly.

[0032] The weather in South China in winter is not much different from that in summer and autumn. It is generally cool and suitable. Fruits and vegetables can be planted: tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, etc.; radishes and cabbages can be planted: Chinese cabbage, carrots, white radishes, etc.; leafy vegetables can be planted: spinach, leeks, lettuce, etc. The climate in East China and Central China is characterized by a gradual transition to cold, with temperatures approaching zero degrees in January. Cold-resistant vegetables should be planted, including cold-resistant leafy vegetables: spinach, Chinese cabbage, etc.; cold-resistant roots and stems: lettuce, garlic, etc. Lettuce, rapeseed, celery, lettuce, etc. are more suitable for planting in northern China because they are more cold-resistant, grow faster, and have a wider adaptability.

[0033] Specific implementation method 2: In step 3 of this implementation method, the first season fresh corn is planted in early April, and the first season fresh corn and edamame are planted at the same time. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 1.

[0034] Specific implementation method three: In this implementation method, the planting pattern of fresh corn and edamame is two fresh corns intercropped with two edamame. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method two.

[0035] Specific implementation method 4: In this implementation method, the spacing between fresh corns is 45 cm; the spacing between edamame is 45 cm; the spacing between fresh corns and edamame plants is also 45 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 3.

[0036] Specific implementation method 5: In step 3 of this implementation method, the second season fresh corn is planted in early August, and the second season fresh corn and edamame are planted at the same time. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 1.

[0037] Specific implementation example 6: In this implementation example, the planting pattern of fresh corn and edamame is two fresh corn plants intercropped with two edamame plants. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation example 5.

[0038] Specific implementation method 7: In this implementation method, the spacing between fresh corns is 45 cm; the spacing between edamame is 45 cm; the spacing between fresh corns and edamame plants is also 45 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 6.

[0039] Specific implementation method 8: In step 5 of this implementation method, weeds and wheat stubble are removed in the field to destroy the habitat of pests according to the need of crop pest control. Other steps and parameters are the same as those of specific implementation method 1.

[0040] Specific implementation method 9: In step 5 of this implementation method, field management specifically includes land preparation and film laying before sowing, drought prevention in summer and frost prevention in winter, soil loosening and fertilization, and timely weeding. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in specific implementation method 1.

[0041] Winter vegetable planting should adjust the planting distance according to the specific vegetable varieties. During the planting process, pay attention to temperature changes and try to avoid leaving wounds on the vegetables during farming operations. Fertilize scientifically according to the type of winter vegetables selected. For example, during the fertilization process of radish, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be optimized according to the soil fertility conditions. Pay special attention to adjusting the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and increasing the application of potassium fertilizers.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation schemes and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0043] Embodiment 1:

[0044] The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation of the present invention was experimented in Yanhu Village, Sanshan District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, China.

[0045] 1. Choose fertile, flat and well-drained soil, and farmers will be responsible for land preparation and ridge division. After the land is leveled, film is laid to reduce weeds.

[0046] 2. Selection of fresh corn varieties: Choose the appropriate fresh corn varieties according to the climatic conditions of the planting area. There are many varieties of fresh corn and a wide range of suitable planting areas. Fresh corn varieties should be selected according to climatic conditions.

[0047] The selection of fresh corn varieties should be considered comprehensively. First, the selection should be based on the suitable planting areas of each variety of corn. For example, Huanaicai sweet and sticky 102 corn is suitable for planting in the fresh corn type area of ​​Gansu Province; Zhejiang Tian 19 is suitable for planting in Zhejiang Province and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the same ecological zone; Wannong sweet and sticky 158 has a wide range of suitable planting areas, etc. Secondly, the selection should be based on the taste preferences of local people. According to botanical classification, fresh corn can be divided into three types: sweet corn, sticky corn and sweet and sticky corn. The three types have certain differences in taste and need to be selected according to specific circumstances.

[0048] 3. Rotate two seasons of fresh corn and one season of winter vegetables in one year, and intercrop edamame while planting fresh corn.

[0049] In this embodiment, the corn variety selected in the first season is Nongke Nuo 336, and the corn variety selected in the second season is Zhetian 19. The edamame variety is Zhongke No. 1. Chinese cabbage is selected as winter vegetable.

[0050] In early April, the first season of corn and edamame were sown at the same time, and sowing was done manually. The spacing between plants was determined with a sowing tool, and sowing was done with a small shovel in a fixed spacing planting pattern on flat land. First, two fresh corn plants were sown with a spacing of 45 cm, and then two edamame plants were sown with a spacing of 45 cm. The spacing between edamame and fresh corn was 45 cm.

[0051] Strengthen field management, adjust irrigation frequency according to weather conditions, weed in time, check seed germination, and transplant seedlings in time if missing.

[0052] After harvest, the corn stalks in the field should be cleaned up in time, the soil should be tilled and prepared, fertilizer should be added, and film should be laid on the ridges.

[0053] In early August, the second season of corn and edamame are sown simultaneously. The sowing method and field management are the same as the first season, but attention should be paid to summer pest control. After harvest, winter vegetables are planted.

[0054] The cultivation technology of fresh corn and edamame is adopted in the form of rotation and intercropping to make full use of natural resources and improve the existing planting pattern.

[0055] Planting fresh corn twice a year increases the yield of fresh corn by one season, and also increases the yield of soybeans, which in turn increases farmers’ income. Planting winter vegetables also fully utilizes land resources and increases farmers’ income.

Claims

1. A three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps:

1. Land selection: Choose fertile, flat and well-drained soil for planting; 2. Corn seed selection: Choose suitable fresh corn varieties according to the climatic conditions of the planting area; 3. Plant fresh corn twice a year and intercrop edamame with fresh corn; 4. After the fresh corn is harvested, the land is tilled and ridged, and then winter vegetables are planted; 5. Carry out field management and pest control.

2. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the first season of fresh corn is planted in early April. The first season of fresh corn and edamame are sown at the same time.

3. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The planting pattern of fresh corn and edamame is two fresh corn plants intercropped with two edamame plants.

4. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spacing between fresh corns is 45cm; the spacing between edamame is 45cm; the spacing between fresh corn and edamame plants is also 45cm.

5. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the second season fresh corn is planted in early August. The second season fresh corn and edamame are sown at the same time.

6. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The planting pattern of fresh corn and edamame is two fresh corn plants intercropped with two edamame plants.

7. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spacing between fresh corns is 45cm; the spacing between edamame is 45cm; the spacing between fresh corn and edamame plants is also 45cm.

8. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, weeds and wheat stubble are removed from the fields to destroy the habitat of pests according to the needs of crop pest control.

9. The three-season cultivation method of fresh corn intercropped with edamame and vegetable rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management in step five includes land preparation and film laying before sowing, drought prevention in summer and frost prevention in winter, soil loosening and fertilization, and timely weeding.