Settlement package design method considering virtual power plant aggregation user spot instruction contribution degree

Abstract

The invention discloses a settlement package design method considering virtual power plant aggregation user spot instruction contribution degree. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out preliminary distribution on virtual power plant operation benefits; 2) according to the power generation proportion of the power plant, calculating the electricity quantity related income of the aggregation users to each aggregation user; 3) according to the reserved regulation capacity proportion, settlement is carried out on the gather user reserved regulation capacity related income to each gather user participating in spot instruction execution; 4) considering the power fluctuation of the distributed new energy main body of the power plant, and readjusting the income of the aggregated users; and 5) calculating the total revenue of the virtual power plant operator and each main body in the virtual power plant, and completing the settlement of the operation revenue of the virtual power plant. Under the condition of considering the contribution degree of each main body to the spot instruction of the virtual power plant, reasonable settlement of the operation income of the virtual power plant is realized, and a virtual power plant aggregation user can be stimulated to better respond to the spot instruction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of virtual power plant settlement packages, and in particular to a settlement package design method that takes into account the contribution of spot instructions of aggregated users of virtual power plants. Background Art

[0002] Virtual power plants are an important means to enhance the grid regulation capability during the construction of new power systems. The meaning is that virtual power plant operators aggregate distributed power sources, energy storage and other resources on the demand side through advanced means such as digitization and intelligence, so as to jointly participate in the grid operation regulation. "Profitable" is a prerequisite for virtual power plant operators and aggregated users to participate in the power market and grid operation regulation in the form of virtual power plants. To this end, virtual power plant operators need to design reasonable settlement packages to achieve reasonable settlement of virtual power plant operating income. The present invention mainly studies the settlement packages for virtual power plants to participate in the electricity spot market. The virtual power plant operator signs a contract with the user in advance. After the virtual power plant obtains income, the income settlement is carried out according to the method proposed in this article.

[0003] At present, the settlement packages for virtual power plants participating in the spot market mainly include fixed prices, proportional sharing, tiered prices, market price linkage, etc., as shown in Table 1.

[0004] Table 1 Virtual power plant settlement package types

[0005]

[0006] When a virtual power plant participates in the spot market, it needs to maintain the overall power generation / consumption at a certain level according to the power planning curve (i.e. spot instructions) issued by the dispatcher. To this end, the virtual power plant needs to call on user-side energy storage and other regulating resources to smooth the random fluctuations of distributed photovoltaics. Shanxi adopted the proportional sharing settlement method in Table 1, and Shandong adopted the market price linkage method, but the existing settlement package only considers the power generation / consumption of aggregated users, and does not accurately reflect the contribution of aggregated users to the execution of spot instructions. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Preliminary allocation of the operating income of the virtual power plant, including the income of the virtual power plant operator, the income related to the electricity volume of aggregated users, and the income related to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users;

[0009] 2) According to the proportion of power generation of power plants, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity will be settled to each aggregated user;

[0010] 3) According to the proportion of reserved adjustment capacity, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of aggregated users shall be settled to each aggregated user participating in the execution of spot instructions;

[0011] 4) Considering the power fluctuations of distributed new energy entities in virtual power plants based on actual power curves, the benefits of aggregated users are readjusted;

[0012] 5) Calculate the total revenue of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant, and complete the settlement of the virtual power plant operating revenue.

[0013] Further, the operating benefits of the virtual power plant are as follows:

[0014] R total =R op +R gen +R equ =C1R total +C2R total +C3R total (1)

[0015] Where: R total is the operating income of the virtual power plant; R op Benefits for virtual power plant operators; R gen To aggregate the user's electricity related benefits; R equ Reserve the adjustment capacity related benefits for aggregated users; C1, C2, C3 are benefit coefficients, the sum of which is 100%; C2>C1>C2.

[0016] Furthermore, when the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity is settled to each aggregated user, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, is the power of each aggregated user. Positive, when using electricity is negative; It is the electricity revenue of each aggregated user.

[0019] Furthermore, when the settlement is made to each aggregated user participating in the execution of spot instructions, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of the aggregated user is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, The reserved adjustment capacity for each aggregated user, Revenue associated with reserved regulation capacity for each aggregated user.

[0022] Further, the step of readjusting the revenue of the aggregated users includes:

[0023] s1) Calculate the output adjustment compensation fee to be paid to the energy storage based on the cumulative output change of the energy storage and the compensation price agreed in advance by the operator and the energy storage entity;

[0024] s2) Calculate the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity;

[0025] s3) Determine whether there is a new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold. If so, write the new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold into the new energy subject set R a middle;

[0026] s4) Calculate the energy storage regulation compensation costs that the new energy entity r needs to bear;

[0027] If the new energy subject r belongs to the new energy subject set R a , then according to the proportion of the accumulated power fluctuation, the energy storage regulation compensation C m , if it does not belong to the new energy subject set R a , then no compensation for energy storage regulation will be borne;

[0028] If the new energy subject set R a If it is empty, the virtual power plant operator shall bear the compensation costs for adjusting the energy storage output.

[0029] Furthermore, the output adjustment compensation fees to be paid to the energy storage are as follows:

[0030]

[0031] C m =B×ΔP E (5)

[0032] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the energy storage output adjustment; S is the set of sampling points; is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage; B is the compensation price for energy storage output adjustment; C m To adjust compensation for energy storage output. It is the actual output of energy storage at time s-1.

[0033] Furthermore, the cumulative power fluctuations of each distributed new energy entity are as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the cumulative power fluctuation of distributed new energy entities; S is the set of sampling points; r is the number of distributed new energy entities; R is all new energy entities; P r sis the actual output of the distributed new energy subject r at sampling point s; ΔP r is the cumulative power fluctuation of distributed new energy entity r. r s-1 is the actual output of the distributed new energy entity r at the sampling point s-1.

[0036] Furthermore, the energy storage adjustment compensation costs that the new energy entity r needs to bear are as follows:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, C r It is the energy storage regulation compensation fee that the new energy entity r needs to bear.

[0039] Considering the power fluctuation of the distributed renewable energy entities in the power plant, in the process of re-adjusting the benefits of the aggregated users, the constraints of the energy storage entities participating in the regulation include the overall power balance constraint of the system and the upper and lower limit constraints of the output;

[0040] The overall system power balance constraints are as follows:

[0041] ∑P E +∑P r -∑P n =0 (8)

[0042] Where P n is the total load of the system; P E , P r The actual output of energy storage and the actual output of distributed new energy entity r;

[0043] The output upper and lower limits are as follows:

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, The upper and lower limits of energy storage output. is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage.

[0046] The technical effect of the present invention is undoubted, and the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] 1) Consider the preliminary settlement of operating income for the development goals of virtual power plants. According to the proportion agreed in advance, the operating income of virtual power plants is divided into virtual power plant operator income, aggregated user electricity-related income, and aggregated user reserved regulation capacity-related income. Among them, the virtual power plant operator income will be used for operator management, communication, dispatching, etc. to support the long-term development of virtual power plants; for the short-term development goals of virtual power plants, according to the power generation of aggregated users, the electricity-related income will be settled to each aggregated user to encourage aggregated users to generate electricity and respond to the spot instructions of virtual power plants; at the same time, in order for virtual power plants to effectively execute spot instructions, adjustable aggregated users in virtual power plants need to reserve regulation capacity in advance. Such users will gain income from reserving regulation capacity, even if the capacity is not actually called during the entire dispatch period. .

[0048] 2) Re-adjust the benefits taking into account the contribution of the spot orders of aggregated users of the virtual power plant. According to the output adjustment of the energy storage, the energy storage adjustment compensation is determined at the pre-agreed adjustment price; according to the power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity, the energy storage adjustment compensation is allocated to the distributed new energy; in order to further encourage the distributed new energy entities to reduce their own random fluctuations, the distributed new energy cumulative power fluctuation threshold is introduced. When the cumulative power fluctuation is lower than the threshold, the distributed new energy entity does not need to bear the energy storage adjustment compensation, and the shortfall will be borne by the virtual power plant operator.

[0049] It should be noted that the method proposed in the present invention is not limited to being based on a proportional sharing package. When other package types are used to carry out the preliminary settlement of the operating income of the virtual power plant, the method proposed in the present invention can also be used to readjust the operating income of the virtual power plant to take into account the contribution of aggregated users to the execution of spot instructions of the virtual power plant.

[0050] Through the method proposed in the present invention, a reasonable settlement of the operating income of the virtual power plant can be achieved, thereby encouraging internal distributed new energy entities to actively reduce their own random fluctuation characteristics, encouraging internal energy storage and other regulating resources to perform output adjustments, and guiding virtual power plant aggregated users to better respond to virtual power plant spot instructions, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of the virtual power plant.

[0051] To sum up, the present invention realizes the reasonable settlement of the operating income of the virtual power plant under the condition of taking into account the contribution of each subject to the spot instructions of the virtual power plant, which can encourage the aggregated users of the virtual power plant to better respond to the spot instructions. At the same time, the capacity-related income can also encourage the aggregated users to reserve the adjustment margin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 Provide an overall framework for the virtual power plant settlement package;

[0053] Figure 2 Adjust the flow chart to aggregate user benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but it should not be understood that the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and changes are made according to the common technical knowledge and customary means in the art, which should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0055] Embodiment 1:

[0056] See also Figure 1-Figure 2 A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of spot instructions of virtual power plant aggregation users includes the following steps:

[0057] 1) Preliminary allocation of the operating income of the virtual power plant. The income in the allocation plan includes the income of the virtual power plant operator, the income related to the electricity volume of aggregated users, and the income related to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users;

[0058] 2) According to the proportion of power generation of power plants, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity will be settled to each aggregated user;

[0059] 3) According to the proportion of reserved adjustment capacity, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of aggregated users shall be settled to each aggregated user participating in the execution of spot instructions;

[0060] 4) Consider the power fluctuations of the distributed renewable energy entities in the power plant and readjust the benefits of the aggregated users;

[0061] 5) Calculate the total revenue of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant, and complete the settlement of the virtual power plant operating revenue.

[0062] The operating benefits of a virtual power plant are as follows:

[0063] R total =R op +R gen +R equ =C1R total +C2R total +C3R total (1)

[0064] Where: R total is the operating income of the virtual power plant; R op Benefits for virtual power plant operators; R gen To aggregate the user's electricity related benefits; R equ Reserve the adjustment capacity related benefits for aggregated users; C1, C2, C3 are benefit coefficients, the sum of which is 100%; C2>C1>C2.

[0065] When the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity is settled to each aggregated user, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, is the power of each aggregated user. Positive, when using electricity is negative; It is the electricity revenue of each aggregated user.

[0068] When the settlement is made to each aggregate user participating in the execution of spot instructions, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of the aggregate user is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, The reserved adjustment capacity for each aggregated user, Revenue associated with reserved regulation capacity for each aggregated user.

[0071] The steps to readjust the benefits of aggregated users include:

[0072] s1) Calculate the output adjustment compensation fee to be paid to the energy storage based on the cumulative output change of the energy storage and the compensation price agreed in advance by the operator and the energy storage entity;

[0073] s2) Calculate the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity;

[0074] s3) Determine whether there is a new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold. If so, write the new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold into the new energy subject set R a middle;

[0075] s4) Calculate the energy storage regulation compensation costs that the new energy entity r needs to bear;

[0076] If the new energy subject r belongs to the new energy subject set R a , then according to the proportion of the accumulated power fluctuation, the energy storage regulation compensation C m , if it does not belong to the new energy subject set R a , then no energy storage regulation compensation will be borne;

[0077] If the new energy subject set R a If it is empty, the virtual power plant operator shall bear the compensation costs for adjusting the energy storage output.

[0078] The output adjustment compensation fees to be paid to energy storage are as follows:

[0079]

[0080] C m=B×ΔP E (5)

[0081] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the energy storage output adjustment; S is the set of sampling points; is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage; B is the compensation price for energy storage output adjustment; C m To adjust compensation for energy storage output. It is the actual output of energy storage at time s-1.

[0082] The cumulative power fluctuations of each distributed new energy entity are as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the cumulative power fluctuation of distributed new energy entities; S is the set of sampling points; r is the number of distributed new energy entities; R is all new energy entities; P r s is the actual output of the distributed new energy subject r at sampling point s; ΔP r is the cumulative power fluctuation of distributed new energy entity r. r s-1 is the actual output of the distributed new energy entity r at the sampling point s-1.

[0085] The energy storage adjustment compensation costs that new energy entity r needs to bear are as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, C r It is the energy storage regulation compensation fee that the new energy entity r needs to bear.

[0088] After energy storage participates in regulation, the overall power balance of the system should be met, and the energy storage should not exceed its own output upper and lower limits, as shown below:

[0089] ∑P E +∑P r -∑P n =0 (8)

[0090] Where P n is the total load of the system. E , P r The actual output of energy storage and the actual output of distributed new energy entity r;

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, The upper and lower limits of energy storage output. is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage.

[0093] Embodiment 2:

[0094] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of spot orders of aggregated users of virtual power plants, comprising the following steps:

[0095] 1) Preliminary allocation of the operating income of the virtual power plant, including the income of the virtual power plant operator, the income related to the electricity volume of aggregated users, and the income related to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users;

[0096] 2) According to the proportion of power generation of power plants, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity will be settled to each aggregated user;

[0097] 3) According to the proportion of reserved adjustment capacity, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of aggregated users shall be settled to each aggregated user participating in the execution of spot instructions;

[0098] 4) Consider the power fluctuations of the distributed renewable energy entities in the power plant and readjust the benefits of the aggregated users;

[0099] 5) Calculate the total revenue of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant, and complete the settlement of the virtual power plant operating revenue.

[0100] Embodiment 3:

[0101] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of spot orders of aggregated users of virtual power plants, the technical content is the same as that of Example 2, and further, the operating income of the virtual power plant is as follows:

[0102] R total =R op +R gen +R equ =C1R total +C2R total +C3R total (1)

[0103] Where: R total is the operating income of the virtual power plant; R op Benefits for virtual power plant operators; R gen To aggregate the user's electricity related benefits; R equ Reserve the adjustment capacity related benefits for aggregated users; C1, C2, C3 are benefit coefficients, the sum of which is 100%; C2>C1>C2.

[0104] Embodiment 4:

[0105] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of spot orders of aggregated users of a virtual power plant, the technical content of which is the same as any one of Embodiments 2-3. Further, when the revenue related to the electricity volume of aggregated users is settled to each aggregated user, the revenue related to the electricity volume of aggregated users is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula, is the power of each aggregated user. Positive, when using electricity is negative; It is the electricity revenue of each aggregated user.

[0108] Embodiment 5:

[0109] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of spot instructions of aggregated users of virtual power plants, the technical content of which is the same as any one of Embodiments 2-4. Further, when the settlement is made to each aggregated user participating in the execution of the spot instruction, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of the aggregated user is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, The reserved adjustment capacity for each aggregated user, Revenue associated with reserved regulation capacity for each aggregated user.

[0112] Embodiment 6:

[0113] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of spot orders of aggregated users of a virtual power plant, the technical content of which is the same as any one of Embodiments 2-5, and further, the step of readjusting the income of the aggregated users comprises:

[0114] s1) Calculate the output adjustment compensation fee to be paid to the energy storage based on the cumulative output change of the energy storage and the compensation price agreed in advance by the operator and the energy storage entity;

[0115] s2) Calculate the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity;

[0116] s3) Determine whether there is a new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold. If so, write the new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold into the new energy subject set R a middle;

[0117] s4) Calculate the energy storage regulation compensation costs that the new energy entity r needs to bear;

[0118] If the new energy subject r belongs to the new energy subject set R a , then according to the proportion of the accumulated power fluctuation, the energy storage regulation compensation Cm , if it does not belong to the new energy subject set R a , then no compensation for energy storage regulation will be borne;

[0119] If the new energy subject set R a If it is empty, the virtual power plant operator shall bear the compensation costs for adjusting the energy storage output.

[0120] Embodiment 7:

[0121] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions, the technical content is the same as any one of embodiments 2-6, and further, the output adjustment compensation fee to be paid to the energy storage is as follows:

[0122]

[0123] C m =B×ΔP E (5)

[0124] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the energy storage output adjustment; S is the set of sampling points; is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage; B is the compensation price for energy storage output adjustment; C m To adjust compensation for energy storage output.

[0125] Embodiment 8:

[0126] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions, the technical content is the same as any one of embodiments 2-7, and further, the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the cumulative power fluctuation of distributed new energy entities; S is the set of sampling points; r is the number of distributed new energy entities; R is all new energy entities; P r s is the actual output of the distributed new energy subject r at sampling point s; ΔP r is the cumulative power fluctuation of the distributed new energy entity r.

[0129] Embodiment 9:

[0130] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions, the technical content is the same as any one of embodiments 2-8, further, the energy storage regulation compensation fee that the new energy subject r needs to bear is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] In the formula, C r It is the energy storage regulation compensation fee that the new energy entity r needs to bear.

[0133] Embodiment 10:

[0134] A settlement package design system based on the method described in any one of Embodiments 1-9 and taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions, comprising:

[0135] Initial distribution module for operating income: Initial distribution of operating income of virtual power plants, including income of virtual power plant operators, income related to aggregated user electricity, and income related to reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users;

[0136] Aggregate user electricity related revenue settlement module: according to the power generation ratio of the power plant, the aggregate user electricity related revenue is settled to each aggregate user;

[0137] Aggregate user reserved adjustment capacity related revenue calculation module: according to the reserved adjustment capacity ratio, the aggregate user reserved adjustment capacity related revenue is settled to each aggregate user participating in the spot order execution;

[0138] Aggregate user revenue readjustment module: Consider the power fluctuation of the distributed new energy entities of the power plant and readjust the revenue of aggregate users;

[0139] Virtual power plant operating income settlement module: calculates the total income of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant, and completes the settlement of the virtual power plant operating income.

[0140] Embodiment 11:

[0141] A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated users' spot orders, the steps are as follows:

[0142] 1. Preliminary calculation of operating income considering the development goals of virtual power plants

[0143] Taking into account the long-term and short-term development goals of the virtual power plant, the present invention first divides the operating income of the virtual power plant into the income of the virtual power plant operator, the income related to the electricity consumption of aggregated users, and the income related to the reserved adjustment capacity of aggregated users according to the proportion, as shown in formula (1). Among them, considering that the operating income of the virtual power plant in the spot market mainly comes from the response compensation of the spot instruction, when dividing the operating income of the virtual power plant, the income related to the electricity consumption of aggregated users used to compensate for the response of the spot instruction accounts for the largest proportion. The income of the virtual power plant operator is used to support the long-term development goals of the virtual power plant. In order to execute the spot instruction, the adjustable resources in the aggregated users will reserve the adjustment capacity to support the short-term development goals of the virtual power plant. The two parts of the related income should account for a relatively small proportion. Regarding the specific division ratio of the operating income of the virtual power plant, the virtual power plant operator and the internal aggregated users can flexibly adjust it according to their own needs. The proposed method is not limited to a specific division ratio.

[0144] R total =R op +R gen +R equ =C1R total +C2R total +C3R total (1)

[0145] Where: r total is the operating income of the virtual power plant; R op Benefits for virtual power plant operators; R gen To aggregate the user's electricity related benefits; R equ Reserve the revenue related to regulating capacity for aggregated users; C1, C2, and C3 are the coefficients of each part of the revenue, and the sum is 100%. The revenue related to the electricity consumption of aggregated users, C2, accounts for the largest proportion, and the value of C3 should be smaller.

[0146] There is no need to carry out further settlement of the profits of virtual power plant operators. The profits will be used for virtual power plant management, communication, dispatching and other aspects to support the long-term development of virtual power plants.

[0147] For the revenue related to the electricity consumption of aggregated users, the revenue will be further settled to each aggregated user according to the proportion of power generation (as shown in formula (2)). Aggregated users with more power generation will obtain more revenue, thereby encouraging aggregated users to generate power and respond to the spot instructions of virtual power plants.

[0148]

[0149] In the formula, is the amount of electricity of each aggregated user (power generation is positive, power consumption is negative), It is the electricity revenue of each aggregated user.

[0150] For the revenue related to the reserved regulation capacity of the aggregated users, the revenue will be further settled to each aggregated user participating in the execution of the spot order according to the proportion of the reserved regulation capacity (as shown in formula (3)). Aggregated users with larger reserved regulation capacity will obtain revenue, thereby motivating each entity to reserve margin to improve the regulation capacity of the virtual power plant, which is in line with the short-term development goals of the virtual power plant. . Since the regulation capacity needs to be reserved for energy storage participating in regulation, it is possible to consider setting a compensation price for this in practice.

[0151]

[0152] In the formula, The reserved adjustment capacity for each aggregated user, Revenue associated with reserved regulation capacity for each aggregated user.

[0153] It should be noted that only when the output of aggregated users exceeds a certain range can they participate in the settlement of capacity-related benefits.

[0154] 2. Re-adjustment of revenue taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot orders

[0155] The previous section made a preliminary settlement of the operating income of the virtual power plant, in which the electricity income related to responding to the spot order was settled only according to the proportion of power generation. However, for the virtual power plant, in order to respond to the spot order, in addition to the overall power generation meeting the requirements, the overall power must be maintained at a specified level. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the contribution of internal aggregated users to the spot order of the virtual power plant, in addition to the power generation, the power curves of different aggregated users need to be further considered. Among the types of aggregated users considered by the present invention, distributed new energy has random fluctuation characteristics, and its power curve is difficult to maintain at a fixed level. In order to maintain the overall power of the virtual power plant at a specified level, controllable aggregated users such as energy storage are required to perform output adjustment to smooth the random fluctuations of distributed new energy. It can be seen that even if the power generation of energy storage is the same as that of distributed new energy, energy storage will make more contributions to the response to the spot order of the virtual power plant due to the execution of output adjustment. In order to take the above factors into consideration, the present invention will evaluate the contribution of different aggregated users to the overall power curve of the virtual power plant based on the power curves of different aggregated users on the basis of the preliminary settlement results of the operating income of the virtual power plant, so as to readjust the income of the aggregated users. The purpose of revenue readjustment is to give reasonable compensation to energy storage that performs output adjustment, and to distribute this compensation to renewable energy with larger random fluctuations. On the one hand, it incentivizes energy storage to provide output adjustment, and on the other hand, it incentivizes renewable energy to actively reduce its own random fluctuations.

[0156] The process of income readjustment proposed by the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0157] 1) Energy storage output adjustment compensation calculation

[0158] The output adjustment compensation fee to be paid to the energy storage is calculated based on the cumulative output change of the energy storage (reflecting the cumulative output adjustment of the energy storage) and the compensation price agreed upon in advance by the operator and the energy storage entity, as shown in formulas (4)-(5):

[0159]

[0160] C m =B×ΔP E (5)

[0161] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the energy storage output adjustment; S is the set of sampling points; is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage (i.e., cumulative output adjustment); B is the compensation price for energy storage output adjustment; C m To adjust compensation for energy storage output.

[0162] Since energy storage has a fast response speed and excellent control performance, when energy storage does not need to perform output adjustment, it can maintain the output at the level given in advance by the virtual power plant. Therefore, the output change of energy storage is caused by its output adjustment, so the cumulative output change of energy storage can reflect its cumulative output adjustment.

[0163] 2) Calculation of the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity

[0164] The present invention will reflect the energy storage adjustment demand caused by each distributed new energy entity by calculating the cumulative power fluctuation, as shown in formula (6):

[0165]

[0166] Where s is the sampling point for calculating the cumulative power fluctuation of distributed new energy entities; S is the set of sampling points; r is the number of distributed new energy entities; R is all new energy entities; P r s is the actual output of the distributed new energy subject r at sampling point s; ΔP r is the cumulative power fluctuation of the distributed new energy entity r.

[0167] 3) Determine whether there is a new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the pre-set threshold. If so, filter out the subject that exceeds the threshold (assuming that the set of new energy subjects that exceed the threshold is R a ) and go to step 4); otherwise, go to step 5). The threshold value adopted by the present invention is 5% of the reserved regulation capacity of the distributed new energy subject, and the value can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0168] 4) The new energy entities whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the threshold shall bear the energy storage adjustment compensation C according to the proportion of their cumulative power fluctuation. m , the new energy entity whose cumulative power fluctuation does not exceed the threshold does not need to bear the energy storage regulation compensation fee, as shown in formula (7), and go to step 6).

[0169]

[0170] In the formula, C r It is the energy storage regulation compensation fee that the new energy entity r needs to bear.

[0171] 5) The virtual power plant operator bears the energy storage output adjustment compensation fee (the cumulative power fluctuation of all new energy entities does not exceed the threshold). At this time, the cumulative power fluctuation of the distributed new energy entities in the virtual power plant is small, and the virtual power plant operator needs to bear less energy storage adjustment compensation.

[0172] 6) Calculate the total revenue of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant, and complete the settlement of the virtual power plant operating revenue.

[0173] The purpose of setting the cumulative power fluctuation threshold of distributed new energy entities in the present invention is to strengthen the incentive effect on new energy entities to reduce their own random fluctuations (only by reducing the cumulative fluctuations to a certain range can they no longer bear the energy storage adjustment compensation). At the same time, it can reduce the operating cost of new energy to a certain extent and enhance the willingness of new energy entities to participate in virtual power plants.

[0174] Embodiment 12:

[0175] The verification content of a settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated users' spot instructions is as follows:

[0176] 1. Preliminary calculation of operating income considering the development goals of virtual power plants

[0177] The total revenue of the virtual power plant is divided into the revenue of the virtual power plant operator, the revenue related to the power generation of aggregated users and the revenue related to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users at a ratio of 10%, 80% and 10%. Among them, the revenue related to power generation is further settled to each aggregated user according to the ratio of the power generation of aggregated users; the revenue related to capacity is further settled to each aggregated user according to the ratio of the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users.

[0178] 2. Re-adjustment of revenue taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot orders

[0179] The energy storage output adjustment compensation is calculated based on the cumulative output adjustment of energy storage and the pre-agreed adjustment price; the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity is calculated, and it is determined whether it is within the pre-agreed threshold (the present invention takes 5% of the installed capacity as the threshold). If there is a new energy entity whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the threshold, the energy storage output adjustment compensation is shared among these new energy entities according to the proportion of the cumulative power fluctuation; otherwise, the energy storage output adjustment compensation is borne by the virtual power plant operator; the total income of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant is calculated to complete the settlement of the virtual power plant operating income.

[0180] The specific simulation results are as follows:

[0181] 1) Example description

[0182] The comparison method in simulation is as follows:

[0183] M1: The operating income of the virtual power plant is divided into the income of the virtual power plant operator and the income related to the aggregated user electricity in a ratio of 10% and 90%, and the electricity-related income is settled according to the proportion of the aggregated user power generation;

[0184] M2: The operating income of the virtual power plant is divided into the income of the virtual power plant operator, the income related to the electricity of aggregated users and the income related to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users in the ratio of 10%, 80% and 10% respectively. The income related to electricity is settled in proportion to the power generation of aggregated users, and the income related to capacity is settled in proportion to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users.

[0185] M3 (the method proposed in the present invention): based on M2, further carry out the profit readjustment taking into account the contribution of spot instructions of aggregated users of virtual power plants.

[0186] In order to compare the effectiveness of the three different methods, the present invention constructs three virtual power plant operation scenarios, as shown in Table 2. In this example, two distributed new energy entities and two energy storage entities are included.

[0187] Table 2 Three virtual power plant operation scenarios

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] As shown in Table 2, in Scenario 1, the power fluctuations of the new energy entities are significant, and the output adjustment of the energy storage system is large; in Scenario 2, the power generation of each new energy entity is the same, but the power fluctuations of the new energy entities are quite different; in Scenario 3, the power fluctuations of all new energy entities are small.

[0191] 2) Analysis of the profit results of each entity within the virtual power plant in different scenarios under three methods

[0192] ① Scenario 1: Under the three methods, the benefits of each entity within the virtual power plant are shown in Table 3:

[0193] Table 3 Comparison of the benefits of each entity within the virtual power plant under different methods

[0194]

[0195] In scenario 1, the power fluctuations of each entity are large, and the output adjustment range of energy storage system 1 is large, indicating that the virtual power plant in this scenario needs to rely on the energy storage system to balance the uncertainty caused by the output fluctuations of the new energy entity. Table 3 shows the impact of the three revenue settlement methods on different entities.

[0196] The M1 method only settles revenues according to the proportion of traditional power generation, which fails to effectively reflect the regulatory responsibilities of each aggregated user in actual operation. Due to the large power fluctuations of new energy entities 1 and 2, their revenue settlement does not reflect the impact of cumulative power fluctuations. At the same time, energy storage system 2 bears part of the electricity bill due to its negative power generation.

[0197] The M2 method introduces reserved regulation capacity as a consideration for revenue settlement. Since the reserved regulation capacity of energy storage systems 1 and 2 is large, a higher revenue settlement is obtained under the M2 method, especially the revenue of energy storage system 2 is 25% higher than that of the M1 method.

[0198] In contrast, the M3 method adjusts the revenue through the contribution of spot orders. Energy storage system 1 has received reasonable compensation for its large output adjustment, and its revenue has increased by 46% and 33% respectively compared with M1 and M2, further encouraging its participation and responsiveness in the fluctuation control of the virtual power plant. At the same time, due to the large power fluctuations, the revenue of new energy entities 1 and 2 has decreased under the M3 method compared with M1, with new energy entity 1 decreasing by 44% and new energy entity 2 decreasing by 24%, reflecting the incentive orientation of revenue settlement, prompting each distributed new energy entity to optimize its operating characteristics to reduce the negative impact on the overall stability of the virtual power plant.

[0199] ② Scenario 2: Under the three methods, the benefits of each entity within the virtual power plant are shown in Table 4:

[0200] Table 4 Comparison of benefits of various entities within virtual power plants under different methods

[0201]

[0202] In scenario 2, the power generation of new energy subject 1 and new energy subject 2 is the same, but the power fluctuation of new energy subject 2 (2MW) does not exceed the threshold, while the power fluctuation of new energy subject 1 (10MW) exceeds the threshold, and both energy storage systems have adjusted their output (6MW). In this scenario, there are certain differences in the performance of each subject in responding to spot orders.

[0203] Table 4 shows the income settlement results of each entity under different methods.

[0204] In M1, settlement is based on the proportion of power generation, and the income of new energy entities 1 and 2 is exactly the same, which does not reflect the negative impact of the power fluctuation of new energy entity 1 on the system due to power fluctuation exceeding the threshold. The M2 method introduces the reserved regulation capacity settlement standard, and the income of energy storage system 2 increases by 2.8%, reflecting the weight of reserved regulation capacity in income settlement. In the M3 method, the income of new energy entity 1 that exceeds the power fluctuation threshold is adjusted, and its optimized operation is incentivized by reducing its income by 44%. Energy storage systems 1 and 2 received compensation of 90 yuan each due to output adjustment, and their income increased by 9% and 19% respectively compared with the M2 method.

[0205] ③Scenario 3: Under the three methods, the benefits of each entity within the virtual power plant are shown in Table 5:

[0206] Table 5 Comparison of the benefits of each entity within the virtual power plant under different methods

[0207]

[0208] Table 5 under scenario 3 shows the revenue settlement of the three methods when the power fluctuations of the new energy entities are small. The M1 method still settles according to the power generation, and the revenue settlement between the virtual power plant operator and each entity is relatively even, which fails to reflect the regulation capacity of energy storage and new energy. Although the M2 method takes into account the reserved regulation capacity, it still fails to effectively distinguish the differences in the response of each entity to the virtual power plant spot instructions.

[0209] The M3 method adjusts the revenue through the contribution of spot orders and further settles the revenue reasonably. Since the cumulative power fluctuations of each distributed new energy entity in scenario 3 are small, the virtual power plant operator needs to bear the output adjustment compensation of energy storage, but the compensation amount is relatively small, and the impact on the operator's overall revenue is limited, which decreases by 12%. At the same time, due to the output adjustment of energy storage system 1 in the M3 method, its revenue is higher than that of M1 and M2 methods, which further reflects the system's incentive mechanism for the regulation of energy storage.

[0210] The present invention discloses a settlement package design method that takes into account the contribution of spot orders of aggregated users of virtual power plants. Firstly, a preliminary settlement of operating income considering the development goals of virtual power plants is proposed, and settlement is performed for different parts with reference to power generation and capacity. On this basis, a profit readjustment that takes into account the contribution of spot orders of aggregated users of virtual power plants is proposed. Finally, the three methods are compared in three scenarios to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Preliminary allocation of the operating income of the virtual power plant, including the income of the virtual power plant operator, the income related to the electricity volume of aggregated users, and the income related to the reserved regulation capacity of aggregated users; 2) According to the proportion of power generation of power plants, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity will be settled to each aggregated user; 3) According to the proportion of reserved adjustment capacity, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of aggregated users shall be settled to each adjustable resource participating in the execution of spot instructions; 4) Consider the power fluctuations of the distributed renewable energy entities in the power plant and readjust the benefits of aggregated users; 5) Calculate the total revenue of the virtual power plant operator and each entity within the virtual power plant, and complete the settlement of the virtual power plant operating revenue.

2. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating benefits of a virtual power plant are as follows: R total =R op +R gen +R equ =C1R total +C2R total +C3R total (1) Where: R total is the operating income of the virtual power plant; R op Benefits for virtual power plant operators; R gen To aggregate the user's electricity related benefits; R equ Reserve the adjustment capacity related benefits for aggregated users; C1, C2, C3 are benefit coefficients, the sum of which is 100%; C2>C1>C2.

3. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity is settled to each aggregated user, the revenue related to the aggregated user electricity is as follows: In the formula, is the power of each aggregated user. Positive, when using electricity is negative; It is the electricity revenue of each aggregated user.

4. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the settlement is made to each aggregate user participating in the execution of spot instructions, the revenue related to the reserved adjustment capacity of the aggregate user is as follows: In the formula, The reserved adjustment capacity for each aggregated user, Revenue associated with reserved regulation capacity for each aggregated user.

5. According to claim 1, a settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions is characterized in that: The steps to readjust the benefits of aggregated users include: 1) Calculate the output adjustment compensation fee to be paid to the energy storage based on the cumulative output change of the energy storage and the compensation price agreed in advance by the operator and the energy storage entity; 2) Calculate the cumulative power fluctuation of each distributed new energy entity; 3) Determine whether there is a new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold. If so, write the new energy subject whose cumulative power fluctuation exceeds the preset threshold into the new energy subject set R a middle; 4) Calculate the energy storage regulation compensation costs that the new energy entity r needs to bear; If the new energy subject r belongs to the new energy subject set R a , then according to the proportion of the accumulated power fluctuation, the energy storage regulation compensation C m , if it does not belong to the new energy subject set R a , then no compensation for energy storage regulation will be borne; If the new energy subject set R a If it is empty, the virtual power plant operator shall bear the compensation costs for adjusting the energy storage output.

6. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output adjustment compensation fees to be paid to energy storage are as follows: C m =B×ΔP E (5) Where s is the sampling point for calculating the energy storage output adjustment; S is the set of sampling points; is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage; B is the compensation price for energy storage output adjustment; C m To adjust compensation for energy storage output; It is the actual output of energy storage at time s-1.

7. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cumulative power fluctuations of each distributed new energy entity are as follows: In the formula, s is the sampling point for calculating the cumulative power fluctuation of the distributed new energy subject; S is the set of sampling points; r is the number of the distributed new energy subject; R is all new energy subjects; is the actual output of the distributed new energy subject r at sampling point s; ΔP r is the cumulative power fluctuation of the distributed new energy entity r; is the actual output of the distributed new energy entity r at the sampling point s-1.

8. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage adjustment compensation costs that new energy entity r needs to bear are as follows: In the formula, C r The energy storage adjustment compensation fee that the new energy entity r needs to bear; ΔP r is the cumulative power fluctuation of the distributed new energy entity r.

9. A settlement package design method taking into account the contribution of virtual power plant aggregated user spot instructions according to claim 5, characterized in that: Considering the power fluctuation of the distributed renewable energy entities in the power plant, in the process of re-adjusting the benefits of the aggregated users, the constraints of the energy storage entities participating in the regulation include the overall power balance constraint of the system and the upper and lower limit constraints of the output; The overall system power balance constraints are as follows: ∑P E +∑P r -∑P n =0 (8) Where P n is the total load of the system; P E , P r The actual output of energy storage and the actual output of distributed new energy entity r; The output upper and lower limits are as follows: In the formula, The upper and lower limits of energy storage output; is the actual output of energy storage at time s; ΔP E is the cumulative output change of energy storage.

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