Intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected regulation and control

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected regulation and control, and belongs to the technical field of circuit breakers. Comprising a first processing unit and a second processing unit which are electrically connected with each other, a tripping unit which is electrically connected with the first processing unit, and an electrical data acquisition unit and a communication unit which are electrically connected with the second processing unit, the tripping unit comprises a tripping execution mechanism and a tripper; the electrical data acquisition unit comprises a metering chip, a tunnel reluctance current sensor and a voltage sensor; the metering chip is electrically connected with the first processing unit, and is used for obtaining electrical data of a power grid side according to the tunnel reluctance current sensor and the voltage sensor, and is in data communication with the first processing unit. According to the invention, a photovoltaic grid-connected regulation and control mechanism is built in the miniature circuit breaker, so that on one hand, the potential safety hazard that an external connecting line is damaged is greatly reduced, and on the other hand, the high integration degree also brings lower installation cost and operation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of circuit breakers, and in particular relates to an intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control. Background Art

[0002] With the installation and connection of a large number of distributed photovoltaics, the power grid has also been hit by many shocks and potential safety hazards. For example, in some areas, photovoltaic power generation has caused reverse overload in the substation area, resulting in transformer burnout and power outage.

[0003] To this end, power grid companies have begun to implement the "four-can" technical requirements for distributed photovoltaics, requiring distributed photovoltaics to install monitoring and control devices to achieve observable, measurable, adjustable and controllable grid-connected power generation. The current mainstream solution is to install a photovoltaic protocol converter, which is connected to multiple discrete components through multiple communication lines. For example, the photovoltaic protocol converter is connected to the traditional photovoltaic grid-connected miniature circuit breaker using a control feedback line, the inverter is connected using a communication line, and the external CT transformer is connected using a signal line, which is complicated to install. At the same time, the complex wiring also makes the photovoltaic protocol converter prone to wiring failure or human damage, resulting in the inability to dispatch and control photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, affecting the safe operation of the power grid. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control, which is used for grid-connected switching, power calculation, intelligent load adjustment, status feedback, fault recording, and communication of photovoltaic inverter components, and is used for short circuit, overload, overvoltage and other protection of single-phase and three-phase DC and AC 125A and below.

[0005] In order to solve one, part or all of the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control, the circuit breaker comprises a first processing unit and a second processing unit electrically connected to each other, a trip unit electrically connected to the first processing unit, an electrical data acquisition unit and a communication unit both electrically connected to the second processing unit; the trip unit comprises a trip actuator and a tripper, the tripper disconnects or closes the circuit under the drive of the trip actuator; the electrical data comprises a metering chip, a tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and a voltage sensor both electrically connected to the metering chip; the tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and the voltage sensor are both electrically connected to the grid-side terminal of the circuit breaker; the metering chip is electrically connected to the first processing unit, and is used to obtain electrical data on the grid side according to the current signal collected by the tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and the voltage signal collected by the voltage sensor, and to communicate data with the first processing unit using an SPI channel; the communication unit comprises an HDC module, which is used to perform HPLC and HRF fusion communication.

[0006] Furthermore, the trip unit also includes a trip state sensor, a motor drive module, a motor, a leakage protection sensor and a high-current magnetic trip sensor; the high-current magnetic trip sensor is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and the trip device, and is used to directly trip the trip device when a high current exceeding a threshold value is detected on the grid side; the action of the trip actuator is driven by the motor, and the motor drive module of the motor is electrically connected to the second processing unit; the leakage protection sensor is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and the second processing unit, and is used to collect the leakage current signal of the grid and transmit it to the second processing unit, and the second processing unit is used to perform a tripping action when the leakage current signal exceeds the threshold value; the trip state sensor is electrically connected to the trip actuator and the second processing unit, and is used to collect the opening and closing state of the trip actuator, and transmit the collected data to the second processing unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the communication unit also includes a wireless communication module, a CAN module and a 485 module, all of which are electrically connected to the first processing unit; the wireless communication module is used to provide wireless communication, the CAN module is used to provide CAN communication, and the 485 module is used to provide RS485 communication; the interfaces of the CAN module and 1-3 of the 485 modules are integrated into an RJ45-type integrated interface.

[0008] Furthermore, the circuit breaker also includes a zero-crossing detection unit; the zero-crossing detection unit is electrically connected to the first processing unit, the grid-side terminal and the inverter-side terminal of the circuit breaker, and is used to send a zero-crossing signal to the first processing unit when the AC signal passes through zero.

[0009] Furthermore, the circuit breaker also includes a topology identification unit; the topology identification unit is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and the first processing unit, and the first processing unit is used to use the topology identification unit to identify the topology structure of the distribution network.

[0010] Furthermore, the circuit breaker also includes a power supply module; the power supply module is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal, and is used to convert the alternating current on the grid side into direct current for the circuit breaker to operate, and is used to provide direct current power supply for peripheral components.

[0011] Furthermore, the first processing unit is also used to monitor the electrical data on the grid side using the metering chip, and when it is detected that the grid voltage is lower than a threshold or the frequency is abnormal, a trip command is sent to the second processing unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the circuit breaker also includes a control unit, which is electrically connected to the first processing unit and the second processing unit and is used to display the opening and closing status of the circuit breaker, and is provided with a control switch for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker.

[0013] Furthermore, the circuit breaker also includes an ESAM module, a storage module and a debugging interface, all of which are electrically connected to the first processing unit.

[0014] Furthermore, the grid-side electrical data collected by the metering chip include current, voltage, power, and phase angle; the metering chip is also used for zero-crossing detection, overvoltage and overcurrent detection, voltage sag detection, phase sequence detection, and waveform caching.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention meets the "four-can" technical requirements of distributed photovoltaics of power grid companies through built-in photovoltaic flexible control technology and rigid control technology. The present invention can greatly facilitate on-site installation through the RJ45 type RS485 and CAN integrated interface, and has significant application implementation benefits compared with traditional solutions. The present invention uses a mechanical latching mechanism for the split gate, which can not only ensure the safety of the anti-islanding mechanism, but also ensure that the user will not mistakenly close the miniature circuit breaker during rigid emergency adjustment of the load. The present invention innovatively uses a tunnel magnetoresistive sensor to sample the current, saving the cost of components, and can maintain sufficient spacing in the space with extremely limited volume of the miniature circuit breaker, ensuring excellent withstand voltage and insulation performance. The present invention integrates the HDC dual-mode communication technology (HPLC+HRF) dedicated to the power grid, which can be directly applied to access the electricity information collection system, and has broad industry application prospects.

[0016] The present invention provides necessary physical component support for implementing a new type of power network with coexistence of AC and DC, coexistence of power grid and information network, coexistence of low-voltage power grid use, storage and power generation, real-time information exchange and model visualization. It also provides detailed basic data on site for more advanced power network big data analysis and intelligent load scheduling.

[0017] The present invention innovatively integrates the photovoltaic grid-connected control mechanism into the miniature circuit breaker, which greatly reduces the potential safety hazards of external connection lines being damaged, and on the other hand, the high integration also brings lower installation and operation and maintenance costs. The present invention integrates flexible control technology into the miniature circuit breaker to meet the "four-can" technical requirements of distributed photovoltaic power generation companies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 : Module block diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 : Circuit schematic diagram of the trip state sensor and the motor drive module of the present invention; Figure 4 : Circuit schematic diagram of the tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and the metering chip of the present invention; Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of the structure of the metering chip of the present invention; Figure 6 : Circuit schematic diagram of the control unit and the zero-crossing detection unit of the present invention; Figure 7 : Circuit schematic diagram of the wireless communication module of the present invention; Figure 8 : The circuit schematic diagram of the CAN module, 485 module and integrated interface of the present invention; Fig. 9 : Circuit schematic diagram of the HDC module of the present invention; Fig.10 : Circuit diagram of the power module of the present invention Fig.11 : Circuit schematic diagram of ESAM module and storage module of the present invention; Fig.12 : Parameter diagram of the tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor of the present invention; Among them: 100-first processing unit, 200-second processing unit, 300-tripping unit, 301-tripping state sensor, 302-tripping actuator, 303-tripper, 304-motor drive module, 305-motor, 306-leakage protection sensor, 307-large current magnetic tripping sensor, 400-control unit, 500-electrical data acquisition unit, 501-metering chip, 502-tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor, 503-voltage sensor, 600-zero-crossing detection unit, 700-topology identification unit, 800-communication unit, 801-wireless communication module, 802-CAN module, 803-485 module, 804-integrated interface, 805-HDC module, 901-grid side terminal, 902-inverter side terminal, 903-power module, 904-ESAM module, 905-storage module, 906-debugging interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention is further clearly described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the protection content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following description, a large number of specific details are provided to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0021] Example 1: See Figure 1-Figure 12 ,The purpose of this embodiment is to provide an intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the circuit breaker includes a first processing unit 100 and a second processing unit 200 electrically connected to each other, a trip unit 300 electrically connected to the first processing unit 100, an electrical data acquisition unit 500, a zero-crossing detection unit 600, a topology identification unit 700 and a communication unit 800 all electrically connected to the second processing unit 200, and a control unit 400 electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 and the second processing unit 200.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the trip unit 300 includes a trip actuator 302 and a tripper 303. The tripper 303 is used to automatically cut off the line when a large current exceeding a threshold value appears on the grid side, or to open or close the line under the drive of the trip actuator 302. Specifically, the trip unit 300 also includes a trip state sensor 301, a motor drive module 304, a motor 305, a leakage protection sensor 306 and a large current magnetic trip sensor 307.

[0024] The high-current magnetic tripping sensor 307 is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal 901 and the tripping device 303. The tripping device 303 has an electromagnetic tripping structure. The high-current magnetic tripping sensor 307 is used to detect the current signal of the grid and output a current proportional to or linearly related to the grid current to the tripping device 303. When the current received by the tripping device 303 reaches the set value, the magnetic force generated by the current drives the tripping device 303 to trip and disconnect the line connection. The sampling of the high-current magnetic tripping sensor 307 is not processed by the processing mechanism, and the gate is directly and quickly tripped through extremely fast sampling.

[0025] The trip state sensor 301 is electrically connected to the trip actuator 302 and the second processing unit 200, and is used to collect the opening and closing process and state of the trip actuator 302, and transmit the collected data to the second processing unit 200, so as to facilitate state recording and serve as a basis for action judgment. Figure 3 - (a) shows a partial circuit schematic diagram of the tripping state sensor 301 . The tripping state sensor 301 uses a Hall switch (model HAL3144E) to detect the execution state of the tripping actuator 302 .

[0026] The trip actuator 302 is driven by the motor 305. The motor drive module 304 is electrically connected to the motor 305 and the second processing unit 200. The second processing unit 200 uses the motor drive module 304 to control the forward rotation, reverse rotation and stop of the motor 305. In one embodiment, Figure 3 - (b) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the motor drive module 304. The motor drive module 304 includes a bidirectional motor drive chip (model RZ7899), which uses two logic input terminals to control the forward rotation, reverse rotation and braking of the motor 305.

[0027] The leakage protection sensor 306 is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal 901 and the second processing unit 200, and is used to collect the leakage current signal of the grid and transmit it to the second processing unit 200. When the leakage current signal received by the second processing unit 200 exceeds the threshold, the tripping action is immediately performed, and the motor driving module 304, the motor 305 and the tripping actuator 302 are used to drive the tripper 303 to disconnect the line connection. The signal collected by the leakage protection sensor 306 is not processed by the metering chip 501 but is directly transmitted to the second processing unit 200, and the second processing unit 200 can respond and give a tripping action signal within milliseconds.

[0028] The electrical data acquisition unit 500 includes a metering chip 501, a tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor 502 and a voltage sensor 503. The tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor 502 is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal 901 and the metering chip 501. The tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor 502 detects the magnitude of the current by sensing the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the grid current, and outputs the analog signal of the collected current data to the metering chip 501; the voltage sensor 503 detects the magnitude of the voltage of the grid, and outputs the analog signal of the collected voltage data to the metering chip 501; the accuracy of the voltage sensor 503 is higher than 2‰. The metering chip 501 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100, and is used to obtain electrical data such as the effective value of voltage and current, power, frequency, phase, etc. on the grid side according to the collected current signal and voltage signal, and communicates data with the first processing unit 100 using the SPI channel. The first processing unit 100 uses the metering chip 501 to actively monitor the electrical data on the grid side. When it is detected that the grid voltage is lower than the threshold or the frequency is abnormal, it sends a trip command to the second processing unit 200 and uses the trip device 303 to disconnect the line. At the same time, the power supply of the circuit breaker is provided by the grid side. When the grid is powered off, the circuit breaker automatically disconnects the line when it loses power. The circuit breaker automatically cuts off the line when the grid is abnormal, which can prevent the photovoltaic power supply from continuing to supply electrical energy to the grid and avoid the formation of the island effect. Furthermore, the metering chip 501 is used to detect the electrical parameters such as the voltage, frequency, and phase on the grid side, and the zero-crossing detection unit 600 is used to determine the status of the photovoltaic power supply. The island determination is performed through multiple electrical parameters on the grid side and the photovoltaic side. This can provide accuracy in the determination and avoid false operations caused by short-term fluctuations in the grid. In one embodiment, Figure 4 - (a) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the tunnel magnetoresistive current sensor 502. In one embodiment, as Figure 4 - (b) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the metering chip 501, such as Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the metering chip 501. The metering chip 501 (model RZ7899) uses the SPI channel to communicate data with the first processing unit 100, and can collect parameters such as current and voltage, power (active power, reactive power, apparent power), phase angle, etc., and can also perform zero-crossing detection, overvoltage and overcurrent detection, voltage sag detection, phase sequence detection and waveform buffering.

[0029] The control unit 400 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 and the second processing unit 200, and is used to display the opening and closing status of the circuit breaker. A control switch is also provided, and the control signal of the control switch is sent to the second processing unit 200, and the second processing unit 200 performs the corresponding closing operation or breaking operation. In one embodiment, Figure 6 - (a) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the control unit 400, and the control unit 400 uses LEDs to display status.

[0030] The zero-crossing detection unit 600 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100, the grid-side terminal 901 and the inverter-side terminal 902, and is used to send a zero-crossing signal to the first processing unit 100 when the AC signal on the grid side or the inverter side passes through the zero position, so as to facilitate the first processing unit 100 to determine the appropriate closing time. In one embodiment, Figure 6 - (b) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the zero-crossing detection unit 600.

[0031] The topology identification unit 700 is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal 901 and the first processing unit 100, and the first processing unit 100 can identify the topology of the power distribution network using the topology identification unit 700. At the same time, the zero-crossing detection function provided by the zero-crossing detection unit 600 can serve as a basis for grid topology phase identification.

[0032] The communication unit 800 includes a wireless communication module 801, a CAN module 802, a 485 module 803 and an HDC module 805. The wireless communication module 801 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 and is used to provide wireless communication functions such as 4G, 5G, Bluetooth, Star Flash, WiFi, etc. In one embodiment, Figure 7 - (a) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the Bluetooth function of the wireless communication module 801, Figure 7 - (b) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the star flash function of the wireless communication module 801, Figure 7 - (c) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the 4G / 5G function of the wireless communication module 801.

[0033] The CAN module 802 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 to provide a CAN communication function; the 485 module 803 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 to provide an RS485 communication function. The circuit breaker of this embodiment integrates 1-3 485 modules 803. For example, multiple RS485 communication links can respectively connect photovoltaic inverters and 4G sticks and other devices. At the same time, the interfaces of the CAN module 802 and the 485 module 803 are integrated into an RJ45-type integrated interface 804, which is compatible with the current mainstream wiring harness configuration, greatly facilitating the convenience of on-site implementation. In one embodiment, Figure 8 - (a) shows a partial circuit diagram of 485 module 803, Figure 8 - (b) shows a partial circuit schematic diagram of the CAN module 802, Figure 8 - (c) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the integrated interface 804.

[0034] The HDC module 805 is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 to provide HDC communication; HDC (High-speed Dual-mode Communication) is a new type of power system communication technology that integrates HPLC (high-speed power line carrier) and HRF (high-speed wireless communication) technologies, and can perform HPLC+HRF fusion communication, and can provide dual-mode communication application scenarios such as multi-connection, high security, and wide Internet of Things. In one embodiment, Fig. 9 - (a) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the HPLC function of the HDC module, Fig. 9 - (b) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the HRF function of the HDC module.

[0035] The first processing unit 100, the second processing unit 200, the tripping state sensor 301 and the motor drive module 304 in the tripping unit 300, the control unit 400, the metering chip 501 and the voltage sensor 503 in the electrical data acquisition unit 500, the zero-crossing detection unit 600, the topology identification unit 700 and the communication unit 800 and other components are all integrated in the same circuit board, with a high degree of integration, suitable for the narrow space in the miniature circuit breaker. At the same time, a power supply module 903 for power supply is also integrated in the circuit board. The power supply module 903 is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal 901, and is used to convert the AC power on the grid side into DC power, which is used to power the circuit breaker and provide DC power to peripheral components. Peripheral components are external devices for environmental detection and control and data interaction connection such as temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, water level monitoring, gas, and air-conditioning control. Such as Fig.10 - (a) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the power module 903, Fig.10 - (b) is a schematic diagram of a portion of the circuit for providing external power supply for the power module 903.

[0036] The circuit board also integrates an ESAM module 904, which is electrically connected to the first processing unit 100 and includes an embedded secure access module (Embedded Secure Access Module), which is used to provide data encryption and decryption, two-way identity authentication, access control, communication line protection, embedded software copyright protection, DRM digital copyright management, temporary key export, data file storage and other functions. The circuit board also integrates a storage module 905 and a debugging interface 906, which are electrically connected to the first processing unit 100. The storage module 905 can store the electrical data collected by the metering chip 501. In one embodiment, Fig.11 - (a) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of ESAM module 904, Fig.11 - (b) is a partial circuit schematic diagram of the storage module 905.

[0037] The first processing unit 100 and the second processing unit 200 provided in the present invention are both implemented by a microcontroller unit MCU, wherein the first processing unit 100 is mainly used for data processing and communication, and the second processing unit 200 is mainly used for tripping action processing and leakage current measurement. The second processing unit 200 does not perform a large amount of data processing, and therefore has a faster response speed when processing the tripping action. For example, when the leakage current is detected by the leakage protection sensor 306, or when a tripping instruction sent by other components is received, a tripping command can be quickly issued to trip.

[0038] The miniature circuit breaker of the present invention integrates rigid control technology, uses MCU to analyze and make decisions on the collected data, automatically performs the power rigid cutting action when the flexible control fails, and drives the motor 305 to transmit and the trip actuator 302 to perform the opening and closing operations. The opening operation has a mechanical latching mechanism, and even if the user disconnects the power supply, the miniature circuit breaker cannot be manually closed, ensuring safe use.

[0039] Existing miniature circuit breakers have a narrow range, especially when sampling at 100A and 125A. Due to the limited structure space of the circuit breaker, only small-volume magnetic core mutual inductors can be used. For example, the accuracy of small currents below 1A is ensured, but the magnetic core mutual inductor enters the saturation range early when the current is large. The measurement error accuracy in the rated working current range is several times worse than the metering accuracy. Therefore, most of the existing miniature circuit breakers do not have integrated metering and measurement functions.

[0040] The present invention realizes an AC / DC compatible sampling structure in a small space of a miniature circuit breaker (no more than 18mm). The key is to use a TMR tunnel magnetoresistive sensor (tunnel magnetoresistive current sensor 502) with a temperature coefficient of no more than 50ppm, a magnetic field linear range of no less than 500Gs, and a linearity of 0.2% to sample the current. The tunnel magnetoresistive sensor can measure DC current and AC current, especially in 100A and 125A large current miniature circuit breakers, and can ensure measurement accuracy and metering accuracy. Therefore, the present invention can not only realize the monitoring of the DC component of the AC side of the distributed photovoltaic grid-connected, but also can be installed on the DC side for direct monitoring. The present invention also has an excellent wide range characteristic, with an accuracy of 0.5% within 6 times the range, and an accuracy of 1% beyond 6 to 20 times the range, which is much higher than traditional sensors.

[0041] The parameters of the tunnel magnetoresistive current sensor 502 are as follows: Fig.12As shown. According to the definition of magnetic induction intensity Gs, when an infinitely long conductor is energized with 125A, it is about 125Gs at a distance of 2mm from the conductor. Under the actual 10mm*5mm copper busbar model with magnetic shielding, the field strength correction is about 50GS. According to the 10 times overlimit, the linear two fields of the sensor are selected to be at least ±500GS. In this range, the nonlinearity is 0.2%. The noise and sensitivity are matched with the metering chip to meet the measurement range of the metering chip. After the calibration table calibrates the tunnel magnetoresistance current sampling and the metering chip subsystem, the measurement accuracy of the system can theoretically reach 0.3% accuracy, meeting the 0.5S level metering accuracy. The precision measurement sampling current range is estimated to reach 1000A, meeting the expected photovoltaic grid-connected control design requirements.

[0042] The present invention has multiple built-in communication modes. It is characterized by not only built-in communication technologies such as Star Flash, Bluetooth, WiFi, 4G / 5G, etc. adopted by traditional Internet of Things, but also integrated with power grid-specific HDC dual-mode communication technology (HPLC+HRF), which can be directly applied to access the electricity consumption information collection system, and has broad industry application prospects.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Other modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in the field should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control, characterized in that: The circuit breaker comprises a first processing unit and a second processing unit electrically connected to each other, a trip unit electrically connected to the first processing unit, and an electrical data acquisition unit and a communication unit both electrically connected to the second processing unit; The trip unit includes a trip actuator and a tripper, and the tripper opens or closes the circuit under the drive of the trip actuator; The electrical data includes a metering chip, a tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and a voltage sensor both electrically connected to the metering chip; the tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and the voltage sensor are both electrically connected to the grid-side terminal of the circuit breaker; the metering chip is electrically connected to the first processing unit, and is used to obtain electrical data on the grid side according to the current signal collected by the tunnel magnetoresistance current sensor and the voltage signal collected by the voltage sensor, and communicate data with the first processing unit using an SPI channel; The communication unit comprises an HDC module for performing HPLC and HRF fusion communication.

2. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The trip unit also includes a trip state sensor, a motor drive module, a motor, a leakage protection sensor and a high current magnetic trip sensor; The high-current magnetic tripping sensor is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and the tripping device, and is used to directly trip the tripping device when a high current exceeding a threshold value is detected on the grid side; The action of the trip actuator is driven by the motor, and the motor drive module of the motor is electrically connected to the second processing unit; The leakage protection sensor is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and the second processing unit, and is used to collect the leakage current signal of the grid and transmit it to the second processing unit, and the second processing unit is used to perform a tripping action when the leakage current signal exceeds a threshold value; The trip state sensor is electrically connected to the trip actuator and the second processing unit, and is used to collect the opening and closing states of the trip actuator and transmit the collected data to the second processing unit.

3. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The communication unit further includes a wireless communication module, a CAN module and a 485 module, all of which are electrically connected to the first processing unit; The wireless communication module is used to provide wireless communication, the CAN module is used to provide CAN communication, and the 485 module is used to provide RS485 communication; The interfaces of the CAN module and 1 to 3 of the 485 modules are integrated into an RJ45 type integrated interface.

4. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit breaker further includes a zero-crossing detection unit; the zero-crossing detection unit is electrically connected to the first processing unit, the grid-side terminal and the inverter-side terminal of the circuit breaker, and is used to send a zero-crossing signal to the first processing unit when the AC signal passes through a zero position.

5. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit breaker further includes a topology identification unit; the topology identification unit is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and the first processing unit, and the first processing unit is used to identify the topology structure of the power distribution network using the topology identification unit.

6. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit breaker also includes a power supply module; the power supply module is electrically connected to the grid-side terminal and is used to convert the alternating current on the grid side into direct current for the circuit breaker to operate, and is used to provide direct current power supply for peripheral components.

7. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first processing unit is further configured to monitor grid-side electrical data using the metering chip, and send a trip command to the second processing unit when it is detected that the grid voltage is lower than a threshold or the frequency is abnormal.

8. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit breaker further comprises a control unit, which is electrically connected to the first processing unit and the second processing unit and is used to display the opening and closing status of the circuit breaker, and is provided with a control switch for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit breaker.

9. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The circuit breaker further includes an ESAM module, a storage module and a debugging interface, all of which are electrically connected to the first processing unit.

10. The intelligent miniature circuit breaker with distributed photovoltaic grid-connected control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid-side electrical data collected by the metering chip include current, voltage, power, and phase angle; the metering chip is also used for zero-crossing detection, overvoltage and overcurrent detection, voltage sag detection, phase sequence detection, and waveform caching.

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