Hydro-fluctuation belt side slope phytoremediation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydro-fluctuation belt side slope phytoremediation method. The method comprises the following steps of 1, position selection; 2, slope surface leveling is conducted, wherein sundries on the slope surface are removed, and manual tamping leveling is conducted; 3, mechanical hole opening, wherein round holes are mechanically dug, and the hole opening density is 100-140 / m < 2 >; 4, planting cups are placed, and then the planting cups are filled with soil to plant selected seeds; and 5, later-period maintenance management operation is carried out. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that 1, the plant cups are designed, seeds and an initial growth substrate are integrated, the survival rate of the seeds is increased, and the planting process is simplified; 2, mechanical drilling is matched with plant cup fixing, so that the construction efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is reduced; 3, accurate positioning; it is ensured that each plant grows at the optimal position, the vegetation layout is optimized, and the restoration effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant restoration, in particular to a plant restoration method for a slope in a drawdown zone. Background Art

[0002] The drawdown zone is a special ecological area formed by the periodic rise and fall of water levels around rivers, lakes and other water bodies. Its slope stability is poor and soil erosion is serious. Traditional water conservancy slope protection schemes mainly focus on the requirements of flood discharge, navigation and other functions. The bank and slope protection projects of rivers and lakes mainly consider the safety and durability of the engineering structure. Therefore, the management model mostly adopts linear river channels and river channelization, and uses hardened materials such as stone masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete. The ecological function of the river channel is rarely considered, and the corresponding cost is relatively high. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a low-cost and effective slope plant restoration technology. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for plant restoration of slopes in a drawdown zone in view of the deficiencies raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: a method for plant restoration of slopes in a drawdown zone, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Location selection: Based on the water level data of the flood season and the dry season, take the lowest water level as the lower limit and the highest water level as the upper limit, and start planting from the center of the lower and upper limits upwards;

[0006] Step 2: Slope leveling: remove debris from the slope and manually compact and level it;

[0007] Step 3: Mechanical drilling: Mechanically dig circular holes with a hole density of 100-140 / m2;

[0008] Step 4: Place the planting cup, then fill the planting cup with soil and plant selected seeds, soil and basic solid fertilizer;

[0009] Step 5: Post-maintenance management work.

[0010] As an improvement, the slope surface in step 2 is compacted to a degree of 91-94% and a depth of 25 cm-35 cm.

[0011] As an improvement, the circular hole in step three needs to ensure that the radius is set at 4-4.2 cm and the depth is set at 20-25 cm.

[0012] As an improvement, the planting cup includes a top support ring, a degradable film cup is compositely fixed on the bottom of the top support ring, a plurality of through holes are provided on the degradable film cup, a plurality of support plate frames are connected to the bottom of the top support ring located on the inner side of the degradable film cup, the outer radius of the top support ring is set at 4 cm, and the depth of the top support ring and the degradable film cup is set at 25 cm together.

[0013] As an improvement, the biodegradable membrane cup is made of one or more materials selected from PBAT (polybutylene succinate), PCL (polycaprolactone), PBS (polybutylene succinate) and PLA (polylactic acid).

[0014] As an improvement, the basic solid fertilizer in step four is a slow-release fertilizer, with a specific content of 40-45% by weight of a water-soluble fertilizer as the core, 52-60% by weight of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as the outer coating layer, 4-8% by weight of vegetable oil and animal oil in the coating layer, and the basic solid fertilizer and soil are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2.

[0015] As an improvement, the restoration plants selected between the lower limit position and the upper limit position are one or more of vetiver, calamus, reed or bullwhip grass.

[0016] As an improvement, the restoration plants selected at the position upward from the upper limit are one or more of Buddleija macrophylla, Polygonum multiflorum, and Amorpha fruticosa.

[0017] As an improvement, the step five includes daily fertilization, weeding and pest control management of the slope of the drawdown zone, wherein the fertilization time is once during the dry season, the fertilizer amount is 2 to 2.5 kg per mu each time, the fertilizer ratio is urea: ammonium nitrate: ammonium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1, and the fertilization method is manual broadcasting.

[0018] After adopting the above structure, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The plant cup design integrates seeds and initial growth matrix, improves seed survival rate, and simplifies the planting process;

[0019] 2. Improve construction efficiency and reduce labor costs by using mechanical drilling and plant cup fixation;

[0020] 3. Accurate positioning; ensure that each plant grows in the best position, optimize vegetation layout, and improve restoration effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a method for plant restoration of a drawdown zone slope according to the present invention.

[0022] As shown in the figure: 1. Planting cup; 2. Top support ring; 3. Degradable membrane cup; 4. Support plate frame; 5. Through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Combined with Figure 1 A method for plant restoration of slopes in a drawdown zone comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Location selection: Based on the water level data of the flood season and the dry season, take the lowest water level as the lower limit and the highest water level as the upper limit. Select the center position between the lower limit and the upper limit to start planting. Select one or more of vetiver, calamus, reed or bullwhip grass as restoration plants between the lower limit and the upper limit. Select one or more of Buddleja chinensis, bayberry and Amorpha fruticosa as restoration plants upward from the upper limit. In actual planting, it is necessary to select the dry season for construction, that is, to carry out construction when the water level is close to the lower limit.

[0026] Step 2: Slope leveling: Clear the debris on the slope and manually compact and level it. The compaction degree is 91-94% and the compaction depth is 25cm-35cm. By compacting and leveling, the planting stability can be further guaranteed and the survival rate of seeds can be improved.

[0027] Step 3: Mechanical drilling: Mechanically dig circular holes with a hole density of 100-140 / square meter. The circular holes need to ensure that the radius is set at 4-4.2 cm and the depth is set at 20-25 cm. Because the length of the top support ring 2 and the degradable membrane cup 3 is generally set at 25 cm in height, the depth is set to 20-25 cm, which can ensure that the degradable membrane cup 3 is set close to the inner wall of the hole.

[0028] Step 4: Place the planting cup 1, and then fill the planting cup 1 with soil to plant selected seeds, soil and basic solid fertilizers, and perform auxiliary fertilization while planting the seeds. The planting cup 1 includes a top support ring 2, and a degradable film cup 3 is compositely fixed at the bottom of the top support ring 2. When placing the planting cup 1, the degradable film cup 3 needs to be placed close to the inner wall of the hole opened in step 3. The degradable film cup 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes 5. The bottom of the top support ring 2 is located on the inner side of the degradable film cup 3 and is connected with a plurality of support plate racks 4. The outer radius of the top support ring 2 is set at 4 cm, and the depth of the top support ring 2 and the degradable film cup 3 is set at 25 cm together. The material of the degradable film cup 3 is PB One or more of AT (polybutylene succinate), PCL (polycaprolactone), PBS (polybutylene succinate) and PLA (polylactic acid). In the soil of the slope of the drawdown zone with high humidity, the degradable membrane cup 3 can generally be degraded within half a year. Before degradation, the stability of the seed position in the degradable membrane cup 3 can be guaranteed, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of the seeds. The basic solid fertilizer adopts slow-release fertilizer, and the specific content is 40-45% by weight of water-soluble fertilizer as the core, and the outer coating layer is 52-60% by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the coating layer contains 4-8% by weight of vegetable oil and animal oil. The basic solid fertilizer and soil are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:2.

[0029] Step 5: Post-maintenance management operations include daily watering, fertilizing, weeding and pest control management of the slopes of the drawdown zone, including fertilizing, weeding and pest control management of the slopes of the drawdown zone. The fertilization time is once during the dry season, and the amount of fertilizer is 2 to 2.5 kg per mu each time. The fertilizer ratio is urea: ammonium nitrate: ammonium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1, and the fertilization method is manual broadcasting.

[0030] In specific embodiment 1, compaction operation is first performed, and the compaction degree is 91-94%, and the compaction depth is 35cm. By planting one or more of vetiver, calamus, reed or flat-spiked bullwhip grass between the lower limit position and the center position of the upper limit position to the upper limit position, the specific mechanical hole opening density is 130-140 per square meter, and the hole opening time needs to ensure that the construction operation is carried out during the dry season, and then one or more of large-leaf Buddleija, Bayberry, and Amorpha fruticosa are selected and planted at a position upward from the upper limit position, and the specific mechanical hole opening density is 120-130 per square meter, and then by placing the planting cup 1 in the hole, it is ensured that the degradable membrane cup 3 is set in contact with the inner wall of the hole, and then the soil and planting seeds are added to the inside of the degradable membrane cup 3. Preferably, fertilization operation is carried out inside the degradable membrane cup 3 at the same time, and the basic solid fertilizer adopts slow-release fertilizer, and the specific content is a water-soluble fertilizer with a weight percentage of 40% as the core, and its outer wrapping layer has a weight percentage of 55% calcium magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer, the weight percentage of the wrapping layer contains 5% vegetable oil and animal oil, the basic solid fertilizer and soil weight ratio is 1:2 mixed setting, daily maintenance management is carried out after planting, and after the seeds begin to grow, because the soil moisture on the slope of the drawdown zone is relatively high, the degradation time of the degradable membrane cup 3 will be very short, and after the seeds begin to grow, the top support ring 2 and the support plate frame 4 of the planting cup 1 can be taken out for recycling, including fertilizing, weeding and pest control management of the slope of the drawdown zone, wherein the fertilization time is once during the dry season, and the fertilizer application amount is 2kg per mu each time, wherein the fertilizer ratio, urea: ammonium nitrate: ammonium bicarbonate mass ratio is 1:2:1 for compounding, and the fertilization method is artificial spreading, and the pipe master has pests and weeds once every 3 days. Using this embodiment, the survival rate of every thousand plants is as high as 96.5%.

[0031] In specific embodiment 2, compaction operation is first performed, and the compaction degree is 92-93%, and the compaction depth is 35cm. By planting one or more of vetiver, calamus, reed or flat spike bullwhip grass between the lower limit position and the center position of the upper limit position to the upper limit position, the specific mechanical hole opening density is 135-140 per square meter, and the hole opening time needs to ensure that the construction operation is carried out during the dry season, and then one or more of large-leaf Buddleija, Bayberry, and Amorpha fruticosa are selected and planted at the position upward from the upper limit position, and the specific mechanical hole opening density is 125-130 per square meter, and then by placing the planting cup 1 in the hole, it is ensured that the degradable membrane cup 3 is set in contact with the inner wall of the hole, and then the soil and planting seeds are added to the inside of the degradable membrane cup 3. Preferably, fertilization operation is carried out inside the degradable membrane cup 3 at the same time, and the basic solid fertilizer adopts slow-release fertilizer, and the specific content is a water-soluble fertilizer with a weight percentage of 42% as the core, and its outer wrapping layer has a weight percentage of 52% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer The weight percentage of the wrapping layer contains 6% of vegetable oil and animal oil, and the basic solid fertilizer is mixed with the soil in a weight ratio of 1:2. After planting, daily maintenance and management can be carried out. After the seeds begin to grow, because the soil moisture on the slope of the drawdown zone is relatively high, the degradation time of the degradable membrane cup 3 will be very short. After the seeds begin to grow, the top support ring 2 and the support plate frame 4 of the planting cup 1 can be taken out for recycling, including fertilizing, weeding and pest control management of the slope of the drawdown zone. The fertilization time is once during the dry season, and the amount of fertilizer is 2.2 kg per mu each time. The fertilizer ratio is urea: ammonium nitrate: ammonium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1 for compounding. The fertilization method adopts manual sowing, and the pipe master has pests and weeds once every 3 days. Using this embodiment, the survival rate of every thousand plants is as high as 97.8%.

[0032] In specific embodiment 3, compaction operation is first performed, and the compaction degree is 91-93%, and the compaction depth is 35cm. By planting one or more of vetiver, calamus, reed or flat spike bullwhip grass between the lower limit position and the center position of the upper limit position to the upper limit position, the specific mechanical hole opening density is 130-135 per square meter, and the hole opening time needs to ensure that the construction operation is carried out during the dry season, and then one or more of large-leaf Buddleija, Bayberry, and Amorpha fruticosa are selected and planted at the position upward from the upper limit position, and the specific mechanical hole opening density is 120-125 per square meter, and then by placing the planting cup 1 in the hole, it is ensured that the degradable membrane cup 3 is set in contact with the inner wall of the hole, and then the soil and planting seeds are added to the inside of the degradable membrane cup 3. Preferably, fertilization operation is carried out inside the degradable membrane cup 3 at the same time, and the basic solid fertilizer adopts slow-release fertilizer, and the specific content is a water-soluble fertilizer with a weight percentage of 40% as the core, and its outer wrapping layer has a weight percentage of 52% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer The weight percentage of the wrapping layer contains 8% vegetable oil and animal oil, and the basic solid fertilizer is mixed with the soil in a weight ratio of 1:2. After planting, daily maintenance and management can be carried out. After the seeds begin to grow, because the soil moisture on the slope of the drawdown zone is relatively high, the degradation time of the degradable membrane cup 3 will be very short. After the seeds begin to grow, the top support ring 2 and the support plate frame 4 of the planting cup 1 can be taken out for recycling, including fertilizing, weeding and pest control management of the slope of the drawdown zone. The fertilization time is once during the dry season, and the amount of fertilizer is 2.5 kg per mu each time. The fertilizer ratio is urea: ammonium nitrate: ammonium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1 for compounding. The fertilization method adopts manual sowing, and the pipe master has pests and weeds once every 3 days. Using this embodiment, the survival rate of every thousand plants is as high as 98.2%.

[0033] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above, and such description is not restrictive, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by it, and does not deviate from the purpose of the invention, and does not creatively design a structure and implementation method similar to the technical solution, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for phytoremediation of slopes in a fluctuating zone, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step 1: Location selection: Based on the water level data of the flood season and the dry season, take the lowest water level as the lower limit and the highest water level as the upper limit, and start planting from the center of the lower and upper limits upwards; Step 2: Slope leveling: remove debris from the slope and manually compact and level it; Step 3: Mechanical drilling: Mechanically dig circular holes with a hole density of 100-140 / m2; Step 4: placing the planting cup (1), and then filling the planting cup (1) with soil and planting selected seeds, soil and basic solid fertilizer; Step 5: Post-maintenance management work.

2. A method for phytoremediation of slopes in a watershed zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope surface in step 2 is compacted, with a compaction degree of 91-94% and a compaction depth of 25cm-35cm.

3. A method for phytoremediation of slopes in a water-fluctuation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular hole in step 3 needs to have a radius of 4-4.2 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm.

4. A method for phytoremediation of slopes in a watershed zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting cup (1) comprises a top support ring (2), a degradable film cup (3) is compositely fixedly provided at the bottom of the top support ring (2), a plurality of through holes (5) are provided on the degradable film cup (3), a plurality of support plate frames (4) are connected to the bottom of the top support ring (2) located on the inner side of the degradable film cup (3), an outer radius of the top support ring (2) is set at 4 cm, and a depth of the top support ring (2) and the degradable film cup (3) is set at 25 cm.

5. A method for phytoremediation of slopes in a watershed zone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The basic solid fertilizer degradable membrane cup (3) is made of one or more materials selected from PBAT (polybutylene succinate), PCL (polycaprolactone), PBS (polybutylene succinate) and PLA (polylactic acid).

6. A method for phytoremediation of slopes in a watershed zone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The basic solid fertilizer in step 4 is a slow-release fertilizer, with a specific content of 40-45% by weight of a water-soluble fertilizer as the core, 52-60% by weight of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as the outer coating layer, 4-8% by weight of vegetable oil and animal oil in the coating layer, and the basic solid fertilizer and soil are mixed in a weight ratio of 1:

2.

7. The method for phytoremediation of a slope in a water-fluctuation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The restoration plants selected between the lower limit and the upper limit are one or more of vetiver, calamus, reed or bullwhip.

8. The method for phytoremediation of slopes in a water-fluctuation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The restoration plants selected for the position upward from the upper limit are one or more of Buddaria macrophylla, Polygonum multiflorum, and Amorpha fruticosa.

9. The method for phytoremediation of a slope in a water-fluctuation zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step five includes fertilizing, weeding and pest control management on the slope of the drawdown zone, wherein the fertilization time is once during the dry season, the fertilizer amount is 2-2.5 kg per mu each time, the fertilizer ratio is urea: ammonium nitrate: ammonium bicarbonate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1, and the fertilization method is manual broadcasting.

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