Method for optimizing fertilization amount of astragalus mongolicus

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for optimizing the fertilization amount of astragalus mongolicus. The method comprises the following steps: dividing land parcels, applying base fertilizer, transplanting astragalus membranaceus, applying nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in different dosages to astragalus membranaceus in each land parcel, sampling in the growing period, and measuring astragalus membranaceus root length, root diameter, underground part dry weight, astragaloside content and calycosin-7-glucoside as astragalus membranaceus quality indexes. According to the method, the total yield of astragalus mongholicus is measured in the harvesting period to serve as the yield index of astragalus mongholicus, a comprehensive membership function method is combined with a fertilizer effect equation to optimize the fertilization proportion, and the obtained optimal fertilization formula is that the fertilization amount proportion of N: P: K is 1: 1.5: 2.2, and the element proportion of N: P: K is 5: 2: 12. The yield and quality of astragalus membranaceus can be improved, and popularization significance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian astragalus. Background Art

[0002] Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao is a major medicinal material that can be used as both medicine and food. The main medicinal part is the dried root, which has the functions of replenishing qi and strengthening the exterior, promoting diuresis and expelling toxins, relieving numbness and draining pus, and healing sores and promoting tissue regeneration. In recent years, more and more products have been developed based on Astragalus, such as Astragalus polysaccharide oral liquid and capsules, Astragalus-related Chinese patent medicines, health foods and cosmetics. In addition to its high economic value, Astragalus also has the function of preventing wind and fixing sand, which can produce huge ecological benefits.

[0003] The demand for Astragalus in modern society is constantly increasing, but Astragalus has poor self-reproduction ability and is difficult to recover naturally after wild resources are destroyed. The primary task of the development of the Astragalus industry is to optimize the artificial cultivation technology and model of authentic Astragalus. The quality and yield of Mongolian Astragalus produced under different cultivation conditions vary greatly.

[0004] In the cultivation of Astragalus, the quality and yield of Astragalus are often not ideal due to unreasonable fertilization methods. Therefore, in order to obtain high-yield and high-quality Astragalus, it is necessary to study the cultivation and fertilization of Astragalus. However, in this research process, it is always impossible to obtain a practical fertilization method that can increase production and quantity through reasonable and appropriate design. The control of the fertilizer amount of Mongolian Astragalus is mostly based on experience. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the fertilization plan of Inner Mongolia Astragalus through certain scientific research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the amount of fertilizer applied to Mongolian Astragalus, thereby obtaining an optimized and suitable method for fertilizing Astragalus to achieve the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus, the method comprising:

[0007] (1) Divide the Astragalus planting plots with different fertilization combinations into N 1 P 1 K 1 (control group without fertilizer), N 4 P 1 K 1 , N 1 P 4 K 1 , N 1 P 1 K 4 , N1 P 3 K 3 , N 3 P 1 K 3 , N 3 P 3 K 1 , N 2 P 4 K 4 , N 4 P 2 K 4 , N 4 P 4 K 2 , insert signs and mark different plots of land.

[0008] (2) Apply 1.5 kg of decomposed cow dung as organic fertilizer per square meter, and use a machine to deep plow the land to make earthen ridges.

[0009] (3) Astragalus seedlings were transplanted into each Astragalus plot, with 5,500 plants transplanted into each plot.

[0010] (4) Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting Astragalus and apply topdressing 2 months after transplanting. Use one-third of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as basal fertilizer and two-thirds of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as topdressing. Record the amount of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate applied in each plot.

[0011] (5) After fertilization, samples were taken regularly at different growth stages of Astragalus to measure and record the plant height, root diameter, root length, and aboveground and underground biomass of each plot to examine the growth characteristics of Astragalus at different growth stages.

[0012] (6) At different growth stages of Astragalus, the content of astragaloside IV and astragaloside glucoside in the roots of Astragalus were measured and recorded in each planting plot to analyze the accumulation of the effective components of Astragalus.

[0013] (7) A comprehensive membership function analysis is performed on the measurement results of steps (5) and (6) and a fertilizer effect equation is constructed to obtain the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements used in each plot during the growing period of Astragalus.

[0014] (8) During the Astragalus harvest period, measure and record the Astragalus yield in each planting area.

[0015] (9) Constructing a fertilizer effect equation based on the measurement results of step (8): obtaining the optimal model of the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and astragalus yield respectively.

[0016] (10) The optimal comprehensive ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is jointly determined based on the analysis results of (7) and (9), and the optimal fertilizer amounts of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate when fertilizing Astragalus are obtained based on the optimal comprehensive ratio.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of the multiple groups of Astragalus planting plots is 10, and the area of ​​each plot is the same.

[0018] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea with a purity of 46%, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate with a purity of 12%, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate with a purity of 51%.

[0019] Furthermore, in the 10 planting plots, the total amount of urea fertilizers at different levels (1-4) applied were 0kg, 53.16kg, 89.4kg, and 150kg, respectively; the total amount of superphosphate fertilizers at different levels (1-4) applied were 0kg, 79.41kg, 134.1kg, and 225kg, respectively; the total amount of potassium sulfate fertilizers at different levels (1-4) applied were 0kg, 79.41kg, 134.1kg, and 225kg, respectively.

[0020] Furthermore, the sampling is carried out 5 times from the planting of astragalus to the harvest period, and 10 plants are sampled from each planting plot each time during the growing period of astragalus; the comprehensive membership function value of astragalus quality is given a weight determined by each indicator by the entropy weight method, and then the corresponding membership function value is determined by the comprehensive membership function according to the corresponding weight; the quality of astragalus is represented by the function value of comprehensive growth characteristics and effective ingredients, ranging from 0 to 1, and the closer to 1, the better the quality of Mongolian astragalus.

[0021] Furthermore, the astragalus yield is the sum of all fresh weights of astragalus at harvest time in different planting plots.

[0022] Furthermore, the optimal model of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and the amount of potassium fertilizer and the quality and yield of Astragalus is: 1 (X 1 , X 2 , X 3 )=0.00731956259+0.007488407614X 1 +0.004792542398X 2 +0.0006410268244X 3 -0.00004563103084X 1 2 -0.000017437270314X 2 2 +0.0000018040334696X 3 2+0.0000012524281420X 1 X 2 +0.000010486707572X 1 X 3 and Y 2 (X 1 , X 2 , X 3 )=0.00731956259+0.007488407614X 1 +0.004792542398X 2 +0.0006410268244X 3 -0.00004563103084X 1 2 -0.000017437270314X 2 2 +0.0000018040334696X 3 2 +0.0000012524281420X 1 X 2 +0.000010486707572X 1 X 3 , where Y 1 Represents the quality factor, Y 2 represents the yield factor, X 1 represents the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, X 2 represents the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied, X 3 Represents the amount of potassium fertilizer applied.

[0023] Furthermore, when the quality of the astragalus is best during the growth period, the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied is 1:1.3:2.1; the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 10:3:23.

[0024] Furthermore, when the yield of the astragalus is the highest during the harvest period, the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied is 1:1.5:2.2; the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 5:2:12.

[0025] Furthermore, based on the Liebig minimum factor law, the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphorus fertilizer: potassium fertilizer applied during the growth period of Astragalus was determined to be 1:1.5:2.2, and the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 5:2:12.

[0026] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the optimal scheme of the fertilization amount of Mongolian Astragalus is optimized by using a comprehensive membership function and a fertilizer effect equation method, and different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potash fertilizer are applied in multiple groups in the experimental field. During the growth of Astragalus, the effects of each fertilization amount on the root length, root diameter, and underground biomass of Astragalus, the effect on the yield of Astragalus, and the effect on the quality of Astragalus are monitored, and the optimal fertilization scheme is fitted. The optimal fertilization scheme can increase the yield of Astragalus and improve the quality of Astragalus, and the scheme can be promoted to various growers. The research scheme has a large beneficial prospect. The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention as follows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with preferred embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0028] Implementation Case 1

[0029] Experiment time and location:

[0030] Transplant on May 10th, apply fertilizer once on July 10th, and harvest on September 10th.

[0031] Zhanggetai Village, Matigou Town, Zizhou County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, the land is provided by the planting base of Zizhou County Seed and Chinese Medicinal Materials Promotion Center.

[0032] The experimental plots are located in plot No. 1 of the base, and each plot has an area of ​​300 square meters, which is convenient for machine farming and watering operations.

[0033] The dimensions of the field plots were 300 m from east to west and 10 m from north to south. The plots were evenly divided into blocks from east to west, with a total of 10 experimental fields (numbered 1, 2, 3, ... 10). Different plots were arranged in random blocks, and the area of ​​each experimental plot was about 300 square meters (10 m long from north to south and 30 m wide from east to west).

[0034] After the plots are divided, about 450 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, cow dung, is first spread on each plot, and then applied to each experimental plot according to the experimental plan. The land can then be deep plowed by machine, and then ridges are made, and signboards are inserted around the plots for identification.

[0035] Seeding amount: about 60 kilograms of seedlings per plot, about 6,000 plants.

[0036] The names of the fertilizers used in the experiment are: urea (46%), superphosphate (12%), potassium sulfate (51%). Each level refers to the dosage of the three fertilizers.

[0037] A three-factor quadratic saturation D-optimal experiment was designed. Each experimental plot used 60 catties of seedlings and 6,000 seedlings. The amount of fertilizer applied was calculated according to the area of ​​the experimental plot and the type of fertilizer. One-third of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were used as base fertilizers, and two-thirds were used as topdressing, and they were accurately recorded. During the growth stage of Astragalus, the plant height, number of lateral branches, root diameter, root length, and aboveground and underground biomass of Astragalus were measured regularly every month and accurately recorded. The specific fertilizer amounts are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 Specific dosage of field fertilizer (kg)

[0039]

[0040] On August 15, 2022, sample plants were taken during the growth period to measure the root length, root diameter, plant height, above-ground and underground biomass, astragaloside content and astragaloside content of each plant. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Effects of different fertilization rates on the growth period of Astragalus

[0042]

[0043] The effects of different fertilization rates on Astragalus during the growth period are shown in Table 2. Except for plant height and root length, with the increase in fertilizer application, the various indicators of Astragalus showed a trend of rising and then falling, with an obvious central peak. At this time, it is necessary to examine the comprehensive quality indicators of Astragalus. Based on the existing sampling data, the various indicators were determined by the entropy weight method, as shown in Table 3.

[0044] Table 3 Effects of different fertilization measures on the comprehensive membership function value of Astragalus

[0045]

[0046] Taking the comprehensive membership function value as the dependent variable, nitrogen (X 1 )Phosphorus(X 2 )Potassium(X 3 ) Fertilizer dosage is used as the independent variable to construct the fertilizer effect equation. The equation is:

[0047] Y 1 =0.00731956259+0.007488407614X 1 +0.004792542398X 2 +0.0006410268244X 3 -0.00004563103084X 1 2 -0.000017437270314X2 2 +0.0000018040334696X 3 2 +0.0000012524281420X 1 X 2 +0.000010486707572X 1 X 3 , solve the equation and get the optimal solution as X 1 =109,X 2 =140,X 3 =225, i.e. nitrogen fertilizer dosage 109kg / hm 2 , Phosphate fertilizer dosage 140kg / hm 2 , potassium fertilizer dosage 225kg / hm 2 Astragalus is of the best quality.

[0048] Table 4 Experimental results of Astragalus yield during harvest period

[0049]

[0050] Taking the comprehensive membership function value as the dependent variable, nitrogen (X 1 )Phosphorus(X 2 )Potassium(X 3 ) Fertilizer dosage is used as the independent variable to construct the fertilizer effect equation, the equation is: 2 (X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 )=0.00731956259+0.007488407614X 1 +0.004792542398X 2 +0.0006410268244X 3 -0.00004563103084X 1 2 -0.000017437270314X 2 2 +0.0000018040334696X 3 2 +0.0000012524281420X 1 X 2 +0.000010486707572X 1 X 3 , solve the equation and get the optimal solution as X 1 =94,X 2 =145,X 3 =208, i.e. nitrogen fertilizer dosage 94kg / hm 2 , Phosphate fertilizer dosage 145kg / hm2 , potassium fertilizer dosage 208kg / hm 2 Astragalus has the highest yield.

[0051] Combining the results of solving the equation twice, according to Liebig's law of minimum factors, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be 1:1.5:2.2, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements should be 5:2:12.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be covered by the rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus, characterized in that: The method comprises: (1) Divide the Astragalus planting plots with different fertilization combinations into N1P1K1 (no fertilization control group), N4P1K1, N1P4K1, N1P1K4, N1P3K3, N3P1K3, N3P3K1, N2P4K4, N4P2K4, and N4P4K2, and mark them with signs in different plots; (2) Apply 1.5 kg of decomposed cow dung as organic fertilizer per square meter, and deep plow with a machine to create soil ridges; (3) Planting Astragalus seedlings in all Astragalus plots, with 5,500 plants planted in each plot; (4) Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting the Astragalus membranaceus and apply topdressing 2 months after transplanting. Use one-third of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as basal fertilizer and two-thirds of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as topdressing to fertilize the Astragalus membranaceus. Record the amount of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate applied in each plot. (5) After fertilization, samples were taken at different growth stages of Astragalus membranaceus at regular intervals to measure and record plant height, root diameter, root length, and aboveground and underground biomass of each plot to examine the growth characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus at different growth stages; (6) At different growth stages of Astragalus, the content of astragaloside IV and astragaloside glucoside in the roots of Astragalus were measured and recorded in each planting plot, and the accumulation of the active ingredients of Astragalus was analyzed; (7) performing a comprehensive membership function analysis on the measurement results of steps (5) and (6) and constructing a fertilizer effect equation to obtain the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for fertilizing each plot during the growing period of Astragalus; (8) During the harvest period of Astragalus, measure and record the yield of Astragalus in each planting area; (9) constructing a fertilizer effect equation based on the measurement results of step (8): obtaining the optimal model of the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and astragalus yield respectively; (10) The optimal comprehensive ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is jointly determined based on the analysis results of (7) and (9), and the optimal fertilizer amounts of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate when fertilizing Astragalus are obtained based on the optimal comprehensive ratio.

2. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the multiple groups of Astragalus planting plots is 10, and the area of ​​each plot is the same.

3. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is urea with a purity of 46%, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate with a purity of 12%, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate with a purity of 51%.

4. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the 10 planting plots, the total amount of urea fertilizers at different levels (1-4) applied were 0kg, 53.16kg, 89.4kg, and 150kg, respectively; the total amount of superphosphate fertilizers at different levels (1-4) applied were 0kg, 79.41kg, 134.1kg, and 225kg, respectively; the total amount of potassium sulfate fertilizers at different levels (1-4) applied were 0kg, 79.41kg, 134.1kg, and 225kg, respectively.

5. The method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling is carried out 5 times from the planting of Astragalus to the harvest period, and 10 plants are sampled from each planting plot each time during the growing period of Astragalus; the comprehensive membership function value of Astragalus quality is determined by the weight given to each indicator by the entropy weight method, and then the corresponding membership function value is determined by the comprehensive membership function according to the corresponding weight; the quality of Astragalus is represented by the function value of comprehensive growth characteristics and effective ingredients, ranging from 0 to 1, and the closer to 1, the better the quality of Mongolian Astragalus.

6. The method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The astragalus yield is the sum of all fresh weights of astragalus at harvest time in different planting plots.

7. The method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal model of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and the amount of potassium fertilizer and the quality and yield of Astragalus is: Y1(X1, X2, X3)=0.00731956259+0.007488407614X1+0.004792542398X2+0.0006410268244X3-0.00004563103084X1 2 -0.000017437270314X2 2 +0.0000018040334696X3 2 +0.0000012524281420X1X2+0.000010486707572X1X3 and Y2(X1,X2,X3)=0.00731956259+0.007488407614X1+0.004792542398X2+0.0006410268244X3-0.00004563103084X1 2 -0.000017437270314X2 2 +0.0000018040334696X3 2 +0.0000012524281420X1X2+0.000010486707572X1X3, where Y1 represents quality factor, Y2 represents yield factor, X1 represents nitrogen fertilizer application amount, X2 represents phosphorus fertilizer application amount, and X3 represents potassium fertilizer application amount.

8. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claims 5 and 7, characterized in that: When the quality of the astragalus is the best during its growth period, the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied is 1:1.3:2.1; the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 10:3:

23.

9. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that: When the yield of the astragalus is the highest during the harvest period, the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer applied is 1:1.5:2.2; the optimal ratio of the weight of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is 5:2:

12.

10. A method for optimizing the fertilizer application amount of Mongolian Astragalus according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that: Based on the Liebig minimum factor law, the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphorus fertilizer: potassium fertilizer applied during the growth period of Astragalus was determined to be 1:1.5:2.2, and the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 5:2:12.

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