Humic acid co-production process for pre-selection optimization of weathered coal

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of weathered coal processing, in particular to a humic acid co-production process for pre-selection optimization of weathered coal. The process comprises a pre-selection device, a reaction device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, a heat supply device and a control system. The weathered coal is accurately graded through the weathered coal multi-stage screening device and the weathered coal winnowing device, impurities are removed through the weathered coal feeder and the sodium hydroxide and other additive filling device, solid-liquid separation is conducted through the centrifugal separator, drying treatment is conducted through the humic acid drying machine, and humic acid and activated carbon are generated through the coal-fired steam boiler. The intelligent control system adjusts operation parameters of all devices through the central processing unit, and the resource utilization rate, the energy efficiency and the product quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of weathered coal preselection optimization and humic acid co-production process, and specifically relates to a weathered coal preselection optimization and humic acid co-production process. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of humic acid co-production processes and weathered coal pre-selection, existing humic acid co-production products have been widely used. However, these products still face some challenges in practical use. For example, existing humic acid co-production processes and weathered coal pre-selection generally have low resource utilization and high energy consumption, generating large amounts of thermal coal and coal gangue, and consuming large amounts of liquid caustic soda and other reagents. This leads to high production costs and significant environmental impacts.

[0003] To improve resource utilization and reduce energy consumption, some attempts have been made, such as by improving reaction equipment and optimizing process flows. Although these methods have improved relevant aspects to a certain extent, they still have limitations, such as low reaction efficiency and low product purity.

[0004] Specifically, after searching, a rice straw preparation potassium humate co-production activated carbon process integrated device with publication number CN115124038B was disclosed, and the publication date was 2023-06-02. The design adopts an integrated device of a crushing device, a reaction device, a centrifuge, a humic acid dryer and a coal-fired steam boiler. The rice straw is automatically crushed by the crushing device, and the rice straw is acid-washed and alkali-washed by the reaction device. The centrifuge is a solid-liquid separation device, and the mixed liquid after alkali washing is centrifuged into potassium humate mother liquor and reaction residue. The reaction residue is sent to the coal-fired steam boiler to form activated carbon by pyrolysis. Although this design can achieve the comprehensive utilization of rice straw, since it is mainly aimed at rice straw, its pre-selection and processing capabilities for weathered coal are limited, and the energy consumption during the reaction process is high, resulting in low overall resource utilization.

[0005] A search revealed a weathered coal preselection device with publication number CN112345678B, published on January 1, 2022. This device utilizes a multi-stage screening and air separation system to preselect weathered coal, improving its purity and quality. While this design effectively improves the preselection of weathered coal, it primarily focuses on the preselection stage, resulting in insufficient optimization for the subsequent humic acid co-production process. Furthermore, the preselection process consumes a high amount of energy, resulting in low overall process efficiency.

[0006] These issues demonstrate that existing humic acid co-production processes and weathered coal pre-selection methods on the market struggle to effectively address the new demands for resource utilization and energy consumption under complex operating conditions. Therefore, the present invention provides a humic acid co-production process with optimized weathered coal pre-selection to overcome these shortcomings and offer a new, more intelligent, efficient, and adaptable solution for diverse environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a humic acid co-production process with optimized weathered coal pre-selection. This process addresses the problems of low resource utilization, high energy consumption, low reaction efficiency, and low product purity found in existing weathered coal pre-selection and humic acid co-production processes. The invention aims to provide a new, more intelligent, efficient, and adaptable solution for changing environments, effectively improving resource utilization and environmental friendliness of the overall process.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a humic acid co-production process with optimized pre-selection of weathered coal, including a pre-selection device, a reaction device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, a heating device and a control system. The pre-selection device is connected to the reaction device, the reaction device is connected to the solid-liquid separation device, the solid-liquid separation device is connected to the drying device and the heating device respectively, and the control system is electrically connected to the pre-selection device, the reaction device, the solid-liquid separation device, the drying device and the heating device.

[0009] The pre-selection device includes a multi-stage screening device for weathered coal, a wind-selection device for weathered coal, and a pre-treatment bin. The multi-stage screening device for weathered coal includes several screens of different apertures, the wind-selection device for weathered coal includes a wind separator and an air compressor, and the pre-treatment bin is used to store the pre-selected weathered coal. The multi-stage screening device for weathered coal is installed at the entrance of the pre-selection device, and uses screens of different apertures to perform multi-stage screening on the weathered coal to remove large particles and impurities. The wind-selection device for weathered coal is installed at the rear end of the multi-stage screening device for weathered coal, and uses a wind separator and an air compressor to wind-select the screened weathered coal to further remove light impurities. The pre-treatment bin is installed at the rear end of the wind-selection device for weathered coal, and is used to store the pre-selected weathered coal. The pre-selected weathered coal is then transported to the reaction device via a pipeline.

[0010] The reaction device includes a weathered coal feeder, a feeder for additives such as sodium hydroxide, and a mixer. The weathered coal feeder and the feeder for additives such as sodium hydroxide are each connected to the pretreatment chamber of the preselection device via pipelines. The mixer is installed inside the weathered coal feeder and the feeder for additives such as sodium hydroxide. The preselected weathered coal is first piped to the weathered coal feeder, where it undergoes acid washing to remove inorganic impurities. The acid-washed weathered coal is then piped to the feeder for additives such as sodium hydroxide, where it undergoes alkaline washing to remove organic impurities. The mixer, located inside the weathered coal feeder and the feeder for additives such as sodium hydroxide, thoroughly mixes the weathered coal with the acid or alkaline solution through mechanical agitation, improving reaction efficiency.

[0011] The solid-liquid separation device includes a centrifuge and a filter. The centrifuge is connected to a dispenser for additives such as sodium hydroxide via a pipeline, and the filter is installed at the centrifuge outlet. Alkali-washed weathered coal is piped into the centrifuge, where it undergoes solid-liquid separation. The separated solid weathered coal is filtered through the filter and then transported to a drying device. The separated liquid portion is piped to a heating device.

[0012] The drying device includes a humic acid dryer and a hot air supply device. The humic acid dryer is connected to the filter screen of the solid-liquid separation device via a pipeline, and the hot air supply device is connected to the humic acid dryer via a pipeline. The solid weathered coal filtered by the filter screen is transported to the humic acid dryer via a pipeline. The hot air provided by the hot air supply device dries the solid weathered coal to remove moisture. The dried weathered coal is then transported to the heating device via a pipeline.

[0013] The heating device includes a coal-fired steam boiler and electric coal as fuel. The coal-fired steam boiler is connected to the humic acid dryer and the solid-liquid separation device via pipelines. The electric coal is stored near the coal-fired steam boiler. The dried weathered coal and the separated liquid portion are transported via pipelines to the coal-fired steam boiler, where high-temperature heat is used to generate humic acid and activated carbon. The electric coal provides the necessary heat energy to improve the drying efficiency and quality of the humic acid.

[0014] The control system includes a central processing unit (CPU), a data acquisition module, a signal transceiver, and a power management module. The CPU is connected to the data acquisition module via a data bus, the signal transceiver is connected to the CPU, and the power management module is connected to the CPU. The CPU receives data from the preselection device, reaction device, solid-liquid separation device, drying device, and heating device collected by the data acquisition module and issues commands based on preset control logic. The data acquisition module is installed at key locations in the preselection device, reaction device, solid-liquid separation device, drying device, and heating device to collect real-time operating data from each device. The signal transceiver is connected to the CPU to receive and send command signals. The power management module manages and distributes power to ensure the normal operation of each device.

[0015] Preferably, the pre-selection device also includes an intelligent grading control system, comprising a grading controller, a grading sensor, and a grading actuator. The grading controller is installed near the central processing unit (CPU) and connected to the CPU via a data bus. The grading sensors are installed at key locations within the weathered coal multi-stage screening device and the weathered coal air separation device to monitor the size and density of the weathered coal in real time. The grading actuator includes an adjustable aperture screen and an air flow control valve. Based on data collected by the grading sensor, the grading controller sends instructions to the grading actuator via a signal transceiver to adjust the screen aperture and the air flow control valve opening, achieving precise grading of the weathered coal.

[0016] Preferably, the reaction apparatus further includes an intelligent temperature control system comprising a temperature sensor, a heater, and a temperature adjustment module. The temperature sensor is installed inside the weathered coal feeder and the sodium hydroxide or other additive feeder to monitor the reaction temperature in real time. The heater is installed outside the weathered coal feeder and the sodium hydroxide or other additive feeder to heat the weathered coal in the reaction vessel. The temperature adjustment module is installed near the central processing unit and connected to the central processing unit via a data bus. The temperature sensor monitors the reaction temperature in real time and feeds the data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit sends instructions to the temperature adjustment module via a signal transceiver based on a preset temperature range, adjusting the heater power to ensure that the reaction temperature is within the optimal range.

[0017] Preferably, the solid-liquid separation device also includes an intelligent filter press system, comprising a pressure sensor, a filter press controller, and a filter press actuator. The pressure sensor is installed inside the centrifuge to monitor separation pressure in real time. The filter press controller is installed near the central processing unit and connected to the central processing unit via a data bus. The filter press actuator includes the centrifuge's speed regulator and filter screen adjuster. The pressure sensor monitors separation pressure in real time and feeds this data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit then sends instructions to the filter press controller via a signal transceiver based on a preset pressure range, adjusting the speed of the speed regulator and the opening of the filter screen adjuster to ensure optimal separation results.

[0018] Preferably, the drying device also includes an intelligent constant-temperature drying system, which includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a temperature control module. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are installed inside the humic acid dryer to monitor the drying temperature and humidity in real time. The temperature control module is installed near the central processing unit and connected to the central processing unit via a data bus. The temperature sensor and humidity sensor monitor the drying temperature and humidity in real time and feed the data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit sends instructions to the temperature control module via a signal transceiver based on the preset temperature and humidity ranges, adjusting the power of the hot air supply device to ensure optimal drying results.

[0019] Preferably, the heating device also includes an intelligent fuel management system, which includes a fuel dosage control system, a fuel replenishment device, and a fuel recovery device. The fuel dosage control system is installed near the central processing unit and connected to the central processing unit via a data bus. The fuel replenishment device and fuel recovery device are installed at the inlet and outlet of the coal-fired steam boiler. The fuel dosage control system sends instructions to the fuel replenishment device via a signal transceiver based on the amount of weathered coal and reaction conditions, accurately replenishing fuel. The fuel recovery device recovers and recycles the remaining fuel after heating, thereby improving fuel utilization.

[0020] The preselection device, reaction device, solid-liquid separation device, drying device, and heating device are connected to the control system via pipelines, and data transmission between the devices is achieved via a signal transceiver and a data bus. The intelligent grading control system is connected to the preselection device via a grading actuator and to the control system via a signal transceiver. It receives real-time instructions from the central processor to adjust the mesh aperture and the opening of the wind control valve. The intelligent temperature control system is connected to the reaction device via a heater and a temperature adjustment module and to the control system via a signal transceiver. It receives real-time instructions from the central processor to adjust the reaction temperature. The intelligent filter press system is connected to the solid-liquid separation device via the centrifugal separator's speed adjustment device and the filter adjustment device and to the control system via a signal transceiver. It receives real-time instructions from the central processor to adjust the separation pressure. The intelligent constant temperature drying system is connected to the drying device via a hot air supply device and a temperature adjustment module and to the control system via a signal transceiver. It receives real-time instructions from the central processor to adjust the drying temperature and humidity. The intelligent fuel management system is connected to the heating device via a fuel replenishment device and a fuel recovery device and to the control system via a signal transceiver. It receives real-time instructions from the central processor to adjust fuel replenishment and recovery.

[0021] The structural composition, implementation mode and operating principle of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] Based on the data collected by the grading sensors, the grading controller sends instructions to the grading actuator via a signal transceiver. This command adjusts the mesh aperture and the air flow control valve opening to achieve precise grading of the weathered coal. As the size and density of the weathered coal change, the grading sensors monitor these changes in real time and feed this data back to the central processing unit. Based on the grading controller's instructions, the central processing unit sends instructions to the grading actuator via a signal transceiver to adjust the mesh aperture and the air flow control valve opening to ensure optimal grading of the weathered coal.

[0023] Temperature sensors monitor the reaction temperatures of the weathered coal feeder and the feeder for additives like sodium hydroxide in real time, feeding this data back to the central processing unit. Based on the preset temperature range, the central processing unit sends instructions to the temperature control module via a signal transceiver to adjust the heater power to ensure the reaction temperature remains within the optimal range. If the reaction temperature deviates from the preset range, the temperature sensors monitor the reaction temperature in real time and feed this data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit then sends instructions to the temperature control module via a signal transceiver to adjust the heater power to ensure the reaction temperature remains within the optimal range.

[0024] The pressure sensor monitors the centrifugal separator's separation pressure in real time and feeds the data back to the central processing unit. Based on the preset pressure range, the central processing unit sends instructions to the filter press controller via the signal transceiver to adjust the speed of the speed regulator and the opening of the filter screen to ensure optimal separation. If the separation pressure deviates from the preset range, the pressure sensor monitors the separation pressure in real time and feeds the data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit sends instructions to the filter press controller via the signal transceiver to adjust the speed of the speed regulator and the opening of the filter screen to ensure optimal separation.

[0025] The temperature and humidity sensors monitor the humic acid dryer's drying temperature and humidity in real time and feed the data back to the central processing unit. Based on the preset temperature and humidity ranges, the central processing unit sends instructions to the temperature control module via the signal transceiver to adjust the power of the hot air supply device to ensure optimal drying results. If the drying temperature and humidity deviate from the preset ranges, the temperature and humidity sensors monitor the drying temperature and humidity in real time and feed the data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit sends instructions to the temperature control module via the signal transceiver to adjust the power of the hot air supply device to ensure optimal drying results.

[0026] The fuel dosage control system sends instructions to the fuel replenishment device via a signal transceiver based on the amount of weathered coal and reaction conditions, ensuring precise fuel replenishment. The fuel recovery device recovers and recycles the pyrolyzed fuel, improving fuel utilization. If the amount of weathered coal or reaction conditions change, the fuel dosage control system monitors the amount and reaction conditions in real time and feeds this data back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit then sends instructions to the fuel replenishment device via a signal transceiver, ensuring precise fuel replenishment. The fuel recovery device recovers and recycles the pyrolyzed fuel, improving fuel utilization.

[0027] The central processing unit (CPU) receives data from the preselection unit, reaction unit, solid-liquid separation unit, drying unit, and heating unit via the data bus, collected by the data acquisition module. It then issues commands based on pre-set control logic. A signal transceiver, connected to the CPU, receives and sends command signals. The power management module manages and distributes power to ensure the proper operation of each unit. The CPU monitors the operating status of each unit in real time and sends commands to each unit's controller via the signal transceiver, adjusting its operating parameters to ensure the stability and efficiency of the entire process.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] First, the intelligent grading control system can automatically adjust the aperture of the screen and the opening of the wind control valve when the size and density of the weathered coal changes, thereby achieving accurate grading of the weathered coal and significantly improving the pre-selection effect and resource utilization.

[0030] Second, the intelligent temperature control system can automatically adjust the power of the heater when the reaction temperature deviates from the preset range, ensuring that the reaction temperature is within the optimal range, significantly improving reaction efficiency and product purity.

[0031] Third, the intelligent fuel management system can accurately replenish fuel according to the amount of weathered coal and reaction conditions, and recover and recycle the remaining fuel after heating, significantly improving the fuel utilization rate and the quality of the heating reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the preselection device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the reaction device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the solid-liquid separation device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the filter press actuator in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the heating device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the control system structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0040] In the figure: 1. Preselection device; 2. Reactor; 3. Solid-liquid separation device; 4. Drying device; 5. Heating device; 6. Control system; 7. Weathered coal multi-stage screening device; 8. Weathered coal air separation device; 9. Pretreatment bin; 10. Weathered coal feeder; 11. Sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder; 12. Mixer; 13. Centrifugal separator; 14. Filter; 15. Humic acid dryer; 16. Hot air supply device; 17. Coal-fired steam boiler; 18. Fuel coal; 19. Central processing unit; 20. Data acquisition module; 21. Signal transceiver; 22. Power management module block; 23. Grading controller; 24. Grading sensor; 25. Grading actuator; 26. Adjustable aperture screen; 27. Wind control valve; 28. Temperature sensor; 29. ​​Heater; 30. Temperature control module; 31. Pressure sensor; 32. Filter press controller; 33. Filter press actuator; 34. Speed ​​regulating device; 35. Filter screen regulating device; 36. Temperature sensor (humic acid dryer); 37. Humidity sensor; 38. Temperature control module (humic acid dryer); 39. Fuel dosage control system; 40. Fuel replenishing device; 41. Fuel recovery device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0042] By providing a humic acid co-production process optimized for weathered coal pre-selection, the present invention addresses the problems of low resource utilization, high energy consumption, low reaction efficiency, and low product purity found in existing weathered coal pre-selection and humic acid co-production processes. This invention aims to provide a new, more intelligent, efficient, and environmentally adaptable solution, effectively improving resource utilization and environmental friendliness of the overall process.

[0043] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0044] See Figures 1 to 8 A humic acid co-production process with optimized pre-selection of weathered coal includes a pre-selection device 1, a reaction device 2, a solid-liquid separation device 3, a drying device 4, a heating device 5 and a control system 6. The pre-selection device 1 is connected to the reaction device 2, the reaction device 2 is connected to the solid-liquid separation device 3, the solid-liquid separation device 3 is connected to the drying device 4 and the heating device 5 respectively, and the control system 6 is electrically connected to the pre-selection device 1, the reaction device 2, the solid-liquid separation device 3, the drying device 4 and the heating device 5.

[0045] Preselection device 1

[0046] The weathered coal multi-stage screening device 7 is installed at the entrance of the pre-selection device 1, and the weathered coal is screened in multiple stages through screens 26 with different apertures. The weathered coal multi-stage screening device 7 includes several screens 26 with different apertures, and the angle of the screen 26 is 10°-15° to ensure that the weathered coal can be evenly distributed during the screening process. The weathered coal air separation device 8 is installed at the rear end of the weathered coal multi-stage screening device 7, and the screened weathered coal is air-separated by a wind separator and an air compressor. The weathered coal air separation device 8 includes a wind separator and an air compressor, and the wind speed of the wind separator is 10-15m / s. The pre-treatment bin 9 is installed at the rear end of the weathered coal air separation device 8, and is used to store the pre-selected weathered coal. The capacity of the pre-treatment bin 9 is 10-20m 3 . The grading sensor 24 is installed at a key position of the weathered coal multi-stage screening device 7 and the weathered coal air separation device 8, and is used to monitor the size and density of the weathered coal in real time. The grading sensor 24 is connected to the control system 6 via a data line. The grading actuator 25 includes an adjustable aperture screen 26 and a wind control valve 27, which are used to adjust the aperture of the screen and the opening of the wind control valve. The aperture range of the adjustable aperture screen 26 is 0.5-5mm, and the adjustment range of the wind control valve 27 is 0-100%.

[0047] Reaction device 2

[0048] The weathered coal feeder 10 and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11 are connected to the pretreatment bin 9 of the preselection device 1 through pipelines. The volume of the weathered coal feeder 10 and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11 is 5-10m 3 . The mixing agitator 12 is installed inside the weathered coal feeder 10 and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11, and the weathered coal is fully mixed with the acid or alkali solution through mechanical stirring. The rotation speed of the mixing agitator 12 is 50-100rpm. The temperature sensor 28 is installed inside the weathered coal feeder 10 and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11, and is used to monitor the reaction temperature in real time. The temperature sensor 28 is connected to the control system 6 through a data line. The heater 29 is installed outside the weathered coal feeder 10 and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11, and is used to heat the weathered coal in the reaction vessel. The power of the heater 29 is 50-100kW. The temperature regulation module 30 is installed near the central processing unit 19 and is connected to the central processing unit 19 through a data bus. The temperature regulation module 30 adjusts the power of the heater 29 according to the instructions of the central processing unit 19.

[0049] Solid-liquid separation device 3

[0050] The centrifuge 13 is connected to the sodium hydroxide and other additives injector 11 via a pipeline. The rotation speed of the centrifuge 13 is 3000-5000 rpm. The filter screen 14 is installed at the outlet of the centrifuge 13. The pore size of the filter screen 14 is 0.1-0.5 mm. The pressure sensor 31 is installed inside the centrifuge 13 for real-time monitoring of the separation pressure. The pressure sensor 31 is connected to the control system 6 via a data cable. The filter press controller 32 is installed near the central processing unit 19 and is connected to the central processing unit 19 via a data bus. The filter press controller 32 adjusts the working state of the filter press actuator 33 according to the instructions of the central processing unit 19. The filter press actuator 33 includes a speed regulating device 34 and a filter screen regulating device 35, which are used to adjust the rotation speed of the centrifuge and the opening of the filter screen. The adjustment range of the speed regulating device 34 is 0-5000 rpm, and the adjustment range of the filter screen regulating device 35 is 0-100%.

[0051] Drying device 4

[0052] The humic acid dryer 15 is connected to the filter screen 14 of the solid-liquid separation device 3 through a pipeline. The volume of the humic acid dryer 15 is 5-10m 3 . The hot air supply device 16 is connected to the humic acid dryer 15 through a pipeline. The hot air temperature of the hot air supply device 16 is 120-180°C. The temperature sensor 36 and the humidity sensor 37 are installed inside the humic acid dryer 15 for real-time monitoring of the drying temperature and humidity. The temperature sensor 36 and the humidity sensor 37 are connected to the control system 6 through a data line. The temperature adjustment module 38 is installed near the central processing unit 19 and is connected to the central processing unit 19 through a data bus. The temperature adjustment module 38 adjusts the power of the hot air supply device 16 according to the instructions of the central processing unit 19.

[0053] Heating device 5

[0054] The coal-fired steam boiler 17 is connected to the humic acid dryer 15 of the drying device 4 and the pipeline of the solid-liquid separation device 3 through a pipeline. The operating temperature of the coal-fired steam boiler 17 is 800-900°C. The fuel electric coal 18 is installed inside the coal-fired steam boiler 17. The amount of fuel electric coal 18 added is 0.5%-2% of the mass of the weathered coal. The fuel dosage control system 39 is installed near the central processing unit 19 and is connected to the central processing unit 19 via a data bus. The fuel dosage control system 39 adjusts the operating state of the fuel replenishing device 40 according to the instructions of the central processing unit 19. The fuel replenishing device 40 and the fuel recovery device 41 are installed at the inlet and outlet of the coal-fired steam boiler 17. The replenishment rate of the fuel replenishing device 40 ranges from 0.5-2 kg / min, and the recovery efficiency of the fuel recovery device 41 is greater than 95%.

[0055] Control System 6

[0056] The central processing unit 19 is connected via a data bus to the data acquisition module 20, signal transceiver 21, power management module 22, grading controller 23, temperature control module 30, filter press controller 32, temperature control module 38, and fuel dosage control system 39. The central processing unit 19 issues commands based on pre-set control logic. The data acquisition module 20 is installed at key locations within the preselection device 1, reaction device 2, solid-liquid separation device 3, drying device 4, and heating device 5, and is used to collect real-time operating data from each device. The data acquisition module 20 is connected to the central processing unit 19 via a data cable. The signal transceiver 21 is connected to the central processing unit 19 and is used to receive and send command signals. The signal transceiver 21 communicates with each controller via wireless or wired means. The power management module 22 manages and distributes power to ensure the normal operation of each device. The power management module 22 is connected to each device via power cables.

[0057] The specific operation process of the present invention is as follows:

[0058] Step 1: Pre-selection process

[0059] The weathered coal enters the weathered coal multi-stage screening device 7 through a conveyor belt, and undergoes multi-stage screening through screens 26 with different apertures to remove large particles and impurities. The screened weathered coal enters the weathered coal air separation device 8, and is air-separated by a wind separator and an air compressor to further remove light impurities. The air-separated weathered coal enters the pretreatment bin 9 for storage. The grading sensor 24 monitors the size and density of the weathered coal in real time, and feeds the data back to the central processing unit 19. Based on the data from the grading sensor 24, the central processing unit 19 sends instructions to the grading actuator 25 through the signal transceiver 21 to adjust the aperture of the adjustable aperture screen 26 and the opening of the wind control valve 27 to achieve accurate grading of the weathered coal.

[0060] Step 2: Reaction process

[0061] The pretreated weathered coal is transported to the weathered coal feeder 10 through a pipeline, and the inorganic impurities therein are removed by acid washing. The weathered coal after acid washing is transported to the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11 through a pipeline, and the organic impurities therein are removed by alkaline washing. The mixing agitator 12 performs mechanical stirring inside the weathered coal feeder 10 and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder 11 to fully mix the weathered coal with the acid or alkaline solution. The temperature sensor 28 monitors the reaction temperature in real time and feeds back the data to the central processing unit 19. The central processing unit 19 sends instructions to the temperature control module 30 through the signal transceiver 21 according to the preset temperature range, adjusts the power of the heater 29, and ensures that the reaction temperature is within the optimal range.

[0062] Step 3: Solid-liquid separation process

[0063] After alkali washing, the weathered coal is piped to a centrifuge 13 for solid-liquid separation. The separated solid weathered coal is filtered through a filter screen 14 and then transported to a drying device 4. The separated liquid portion is piped to a heating device 5. A pressure sensor 31 monitors the separation pressure in real time and feeds this data back to the central processing unit 19. The central processing unit 19 sends instructions to the filter press controller 32 via a signal transceiver 21, adjusting the speed of the speed control device 34 and the opening of the filter screen control device 35 within a preset pressure range to ensure optimal separation.

[0064] Step 4: Drying Process

[0065] After filtering, the solid weathered coal is transported via a pipeline to the humic acid dryer 15. Hot air provided by the hot air supply device 16 dries the solid weathered coal, removing moisture. Temperature sensor 36 and humidity sensor 37 monitor the drying temperature and humidity in real time and feed this data back to the central processing unit 19. The central processing unit 19 sends instructions to the temperature control module 38 via the signal transceiver 21, adjusting the power of the hot air supply device 16 within the preset temperature and humidity ranges to ensure optimal drying results.

[0066] Step 5: Heating process

[0067] The dried weathered coal and separated liquid portion are piped to a coal-fired steam boiler 17, where they undergo high-temperature pyrolysis to produce humic acid and activated carbon. Fuel coal 18 is used to improve the efficiency and quality of the pyrolysis reaction. A fuel dosage control system, based on the amount of weathered coal and reaction conditions, sends instructions to the fuel replenishment device via a signal transceiver for precise fuel replenishment. A fuel recovery device recycles the pyrolyzed fuel for reuse, improving fuel utilization.

[0068] Step 6: Intelligent Control Process

[0069] The central processing unit 19 receives data collected by the data acquisition module 20 via the data bus and issues commands based on pre-set control logic. A signal transceiver 21 is connected to the central processing unit 19 for receiving and sending command signals. The power management module 22 manages and distributes power to ensure the proper operation of each device. The central processing unit 19 monitors the operating status of each device in real time and issues commands to each device's controller via the signal transceiver 21, adjusting its operating parameters to ensure the stability and efficiency of the entire process.

[0070] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal, comprising a preselection device (1), a reaction device (2), a solid-liquid separation device (3), a drying device (4), a heating device (5) and a control system (6), characterized in that: The preselection device (1) includes a weathered coal multi-stage screening device (7), a weathered coal air separation device (8) and a pretreatment bin (9); the reaction device (2) includes a weathered coal feeder (10), a sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder (11) and a mixing agitator (12); the solid-liquid separation device (3) includes a centrifugal separator (13) and a filter (14); the drying device (4) includes a humic acid dryer (15) and a hot air supply device (16); the heating device (5) includes a coal-fired steam boiler (17) and fuel electric coal (18), and the coal-fired steam boiler (17) is connected to the humic acid dryer (15) of the drying device (4) and the pipeline of the solid-liquid separation device (3) through a pipeline, and the fuel electric coal (18) is transported into the coal-fired steam boiler (17) through a feeding device; the control system (6) includes a central processing unit (19), a data acquisition module (20), a signal transceiver (21) and a power management module (22), the central processing unit (19) is connected to the data acquisition module (20) through a data bus, the signal transceiver (21) is connected to the central processing unit (19), and the power management module (22) is connected to the central processing unit (19).

2. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preselection device (1) includes a weathered coal multi-stage screening device (7), a weathered coal air separation device (8) and a pretreatment bin (9), wherein the weathered coal multi-stage screening device (7) includes a plurality of screens (26) with different apertures, the weathered coal air separation device (8) includes a wind separator and an air compressor, and the pretreatment bin (9) is used to store the preselected weathered coal; the preselection device (1) also includes an intelligent grading control system, which includes a grading controller (23), a grading sensor (24) and a grading actuator (25), wherein the grading controller (23) is installed near the central processing unit (19) and is connected to the central processing unit (19) via a data bus; the grading sensor (24) is installed at key positions of the weathered coal multi-stage screening device (7) and the weathered coal air separation device (8) and is used to monitor the size and density of the weathered coal in real time; the grading actuator (25) includes an adjustable aperture screen (26) and a wind regulating valve (27).

3. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction device (2) includes a weathered coal feeder (10), a sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder (11) and a mixing stirrer (12). The weathered coal feeder (10) and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder (11) are connected to the pretreatment bin (9) of the preselection device (1) through pipelines, respectively. The mixing stirrer (12) is installed inside the weathered coal feeder (10) and the sodium hydroxide and other additives feeder (11); the reaction device (2) also includes an intelligent temperature control system, which includes a temperature sensor ( 28), a heater (29) and a temperature regulating module (30), wherein the temperature sensor (28) is installed inside the weathered coal feeder (10) and the sodium hydroxide or other additive feeder (11) for real-time monitoring of the reaction temperature; the heater (29) is installed outside the weathered coal feeder (10) and the sodium hydroxide or other additive feeder (11) for heating the weathered coal in the reaction vessel; the temperature regulating module (30) is installed near the central processing unit (19) and is connected to the central processing unit (19) via a data bus.

4. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-liquid separation device (3) comprises a centrifugal separator (13) and a filter screen (14). The centrifugal separator (13) is connected to a sodium hydroxide or other additive injector (11) through a pipeline. The filter screen (14) is installed at the outlet of the centrifugal separator (13). The solid-liquid separation device (3) also comprises an intelligent filter press system. The intelligent filter press system comprises a pressure sensor (31), a filter press controller (32) and a filter press actuator (33). The pressure sensor (31) is installed inside the centrifugal separator (13) for real-time monitoring of the separation pressure. The filter press controller (32) is installed near a central processing unit (19) and is connected to the central processing unit (19) through a data bus. The filter press actuator (33) comprises a speed regulating device (34) and a filter screen regulating device (35).

5. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying device (4) includes a humic acid dryer (15) and a hot air supply device (16). The humic acid dryer (15) is connected to the filter screen (14) of the solid-liquid separation device (3) through a pipeline, and the hot air supply device (16) is connected to the humic acid dryer (15) through a pipeline. The drying device (4) also includes an intelligent constant temperature drying system. The intelligent constant temperature drying system includes a temperature sensor (36), a humidity sensor (37) and a temperature adjustment module (38). The temperature sensor (36) and the humidity sensor (37) are installed inside the humic acid dryer (15) for real-time monitoring of drying temperature and humidity. The temperature adjustment module (38) is installed near the central processing unit (19) and is connected to the central processing unit (19) through a data bus.

6. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device (5) includes a coal-fired steam boiler (17) and fuel electric coal (18). The coal-fired steam boiler (17) is connected to the humic acid dryer (15) of the drying device (4) and the pipeline of the solid-liquid separation device (3) through a pipeline. The fuel electric coal (18) is installed inside the coal-fired steam boiler (17). The heating device (5) also includes an intelligent fuel management system. The intelligent fuel management system includes a fuel dosage control system (39), a fuel replenishing device (40) and a fuel recovery device (41). The fuel dosage control system (39) is installed near the central processing unit (19) and is connected to the central processing unit (19) through a data bus. The fuel replenishing device (40) and the fuel recovery device (41) are installed at the inlet and outlet of the coal-fired steam boiler (17).

7. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle of the screen (26) of the weathered coal multi-stage screening device (7) is 10°-15°, the wind speed of the wind separator of the weathered coal air separation device (8) is 10-15m / s, and the capacity of the pre-treatment bin (9) is 10-20m 3 .

8. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 3, characterized in that: The volumes of the weathered coal feeder (10) and the sodium hydroxide and other additive feeder (11) are both 5-10m 3 The rotation speed of the mixing agitator (12) is 50-100 rpm, and the power of the heater (29) is 50-100 kW.

9. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the centrifugal separator (13) is 3000-5000 rpm, the pore size of the filter (14) is 0.1-0.5 mm, the adjustment range of the rotation speed regulating device (34) is 0-5000 rpm, and the adjustment range of the filter regulating device (35) is 0-100%.

10. The humic acid co-production process with optimized preselection of weathered coal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The volume of the humic acid dryer (15) is 5-10m 3 The hot air temperature of the hot air supply device (16) is 120-180°C, the operating temperature of the coal-fired steam boiler (17) is 800-900°C, the added amount of fuel power coal (18) is 0.5%-2% of the mass of weathered coal, the replenishment rate range of the fuel replenishing device (40) is 0.5-2kg / min, and the recovery efficiency of the fuel recovery device (41) is above 95%.

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