Ultrasonic-assisted dental drill polishing film emulsion layer bonding disease repairing process and application

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of image cultural relic protection, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic-assisted dental drill polishing film emulsion layer bonding disease repairing process and application, and the ultrasonic-assisted dental drill polishing film emulsion layer bonding disease repairing process comprises the following steps: S1, immersing a to-be-repaired sample into an n-butyl alcohol solution until an interface is completely wetted; then carrying out ultrasonic treatment; s2, the to-be-repaired sample subjected to ultrasonic treatment is aired and fixed, and a dental drill is adopted to polish the to-be-repaired sample layer by layer from the edge of the paper at the bonding position to the center till a paper layer with the thickness of 5-10 microns is reserved on the emulsion layer of the film to serve as a buffer layer; and S3, after polishing of the dental drill is completed, wiping a residual paper layer on the film by adopting an organic solvent, and then performing flushing, tiling standing and drying to complete repairing. According to the method, ultrasonic-assisted dental drill polishing is adopted to form a synergistic repair process, non-destructive removal of adherends is realized while silver salt distribution of the emulsion layer is completely reserved, secondary damage and destruction to the film are avoided, and the film repair requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of image cultural relic protection, and in particular relates to a process for repairing film emulsion layer bonding defects by ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding and its application. Background Art

[0002] As a core carrier of 20th-century visual historical artifacts, film holds precious visual archives from wartime to social change, and holds a high level of preservation value. This is due to film's unique emulsion structure—silver halide particles uniformly dispersed in a gelatin matrix—forming high-resolution images through precise photochemical reactions, forming the physical foundation for image preservation. However, film preservation involves placing it in airtight bags and using a vacuum pump to remove air and maintain dryness. These bags are often made of paper, so long-term storage can easily lead to adhesion defects, where the paper adheres to the film, due to factors such as humidity fluctuations, acid migration, and adhesive aging. When unstable binding materials are used or storage conditions are inappropriate, adhesion between the paper and film can lead to physical loss of image information, necessitating repair of these adhesion defects.

[0003] Traditional peeling repairs use mechanical peeling, but stress concentration is prone to occur at the point where the paper and film adhere during peeling, causing the film's emulsion layer to shatter and silver salt particles to fall off, easily causing secondary damage to the film. Currently, existing literature discloses general methods such as low-temperature freezing peeling and cellulase biodegradation for repairing adhesion defects, but these methods are mainly used to repair adhesions between similar materials, such as paper-to-paper bonding or film-to-film bonding. When existing methods are used to repair adhesions between paper and film, low-temperature freezing can cause interlayer peeling between the emulsion layer and the film base. Cellulase dissolves paper fibers and easily penetrates into the emulsion layer, triggering biodegradation of the gelatin matrix and the risk of mold. Therefore, these methods cannot meet the needs of film repair due to their destructive mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to address the technical problems that existing repair methods for repairing adhesion defects of film emulsion layers easily cause secondary damage to the film and cannot meet the needs of film repair due to destructive action mechanisms, the present invention provides a process and application for repairing adhesion defects of film emulsion layers using ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding.

[0005] The present invention adopts ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding to form a collaborative repair process, which can achieve non-destructive removal of adhesions while completely retaining the silver salt distribution of the emulsion layer, avoiding secondary damage and destruction to the film, and meeting the needs of film repair; and can be well used in the repair of adhesion diseases of the film emulsion layer.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A process for repairing film emulsion layer adhesion defects by ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Ultrasonic treatment

[0009] The sample to be repaired is immersed in n-butanol solution until the interface is completely wetted; then ultrasonic treatment is performed;

[0010] S2, dental drill grinding

[0011] The ultrasonically treated sample to be repaired is dried and fixed on a microscope stage. A dental drill is used to polish the paper layer by layer from the edge of the bonding area to the center until a 5-10 μm thick paper layer is left on the emulsion layer of the film as a buffer layer.

[0012] S3, post-processing

[0013] After the sample to be repaired is polished with a dental drill, the remaining paper layer on the film is wiped with an organic solvent; then it is rinsed, laid flat and dried to complete the repair of the bonding defects of the film emulsion layer.

[0014] It is further defined that in step S1, the conditions for ultrasonic treatment are: power of 20kHz to 40kHz, temperature of 30°C ± 5°C, and time of 15s to 30s.

[0015] It is further defined that in step S2, the rotation speed of the dental drill is 10000 r / min to 30000 r / min, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.1N to 0.3N.

[0016] It is further defined that in step S3, the organic solvent is n-butanol or isopropanol.

[0017] It is further defined that in step S3, deionized water is used for rinsing multiple times; and the surface is laid flat and allowed to stand for more than 24 hours.

[0018] It is further defined as an application of ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding collaborative processing in the repair of film emulsion layer bonding defects.

[0019] It is further defined that, during the application, the ultrasonic conditions are: power 20kHz~40kHz, temperature 30℃±5℃, time 15s~30s; the rotation speed of the dental drill during grinding is 10000r / min~30000r / min, and the pressure is 0.1N~0.3N.

[0020] It is further defined that, during the application, a paper layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm is left on the emulsion layer of the film by grinding with a dental drill as a buffer layer.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The present invention adopts ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding to form a collaborative repair process, which can accurately peel and repair the paper adhered to the film. While completely retaining the silver salt distribution of the emulsion layer, it can achieve non-destructive removal of adhesions on the film, avoiding secondary damage and destruction to the film, and meeting the needs of film repair.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, it was found through research that the cavitation effect of ultrasound can destroy the hydrogen bonds at the bonding interface and reduce the initial bonding force; during the ultrasonic treatment, the ultrasonic time should not be too long, and it should be stopped immediately when the edge of the paper is visibly separated to prevent excessive ultrasonic impact from damaging the emulsion layer; thereby creating a foundation for the next step of dental drill grinding, and playing a synergistic role in the significant removal of large areas of adhesions.

[0024] 3. In the present invention, during the dental drill grinding, a paper layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm is left on the emulsion layer of the film as a buffer layer, which can effectively prevent the impact of the dental drill from causing secondary damage to the emulsion layer and ensure the integrity of the film.

[0025] 4. This invention uses ultrasound-assisted dental drilling to repair film adhesion defects through comparative testing of microscopic morphology, infrared spectroscopy, optical properties, and post-repair adhesion area. This method does not affect the film and can simultaneously remove large areas of adhered paper. It is well-suited for the restoration of adhesion defects in image artifacts.

[0026] 5. The present invention innovatively uses ultrasound-assisted dental drill grinding to repair bonding defects, overcoming the physical and chemical limitations of traditional restorations and breaking through the technical bottleneck of paper-film bonding repairs. It provides an innovative technical path that is both scientific and operational for the restoration of fragile historical images, and has important practical value for the long-term preservation of image cultural relics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The restoration process of films under high-resolution scanners;

[0028] Figure 2 The microscopic morphology and roughness characteristics of the film under the laser co-polymerization microscope;

[0029] Figure 3 Surface roughness analysis data of the original film, paper film bonding, and emulsion layer after restoration;

[0030] Figure 4 is the infrared spectra before and after ultrasonic treatment;

[0031] Figure 5 The optical properties of the original film and the film emulsion layer after the precise stripping process with a dental drill;

[0032] Figure 6 Comparison results of the bonding area of ​​the test sample before and after repair;

[0033] Figure 7 Comparison pictures before and after restoration with different treatment methods;

[0034] Figure 8 Comparison pictures of archive objects before and after restoration;

[0035] Figure 9 Comparison results of bonding areas before and after restoration of archive objects;

[0036] Figure 10 Repair process flow chart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following implementations.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0039] Technologies, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such technologies, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0040] It should also be understood that the specific embodiments described above are only used to explain the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention / invention.

[0041] The present invention provides a process for repairing film emulsion layer adhesion defects by ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Ultrasonic treatment

[0043] The sample to be repaired was immersed in n-butanol solution until the interface was completely wetted; then ultrasonic treatment was performed.

[0044] In the present invention, the ultrasonic conditions are: power 20kHz to 40kHz, temperature 30°C ± 5°C, and time 15s to 30s. Exemplarily, the power is 20kHz, 25kHz, 30kHz, 35kHz, or 40kHz; the temperature is 25°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, or 35°C, and the time is 15s, 20s, 25s, or 30s.

[0045] Preferably, in step S1, the ultrasonic treatment conditions are: power of 40 kHz, temperature of 30° C., and time of 30 s.

[0046] S2, dental drill grinding

[0047] The ultrasonically treated sample to be repaired is dried and fixed on a microscope stage. A dental drill is used to polish the paper layer by layer along the edge of the bonding area toward the center until a 5-10 μm thick paper layer is left on the emulsion layer of the film as a buffer layer.

[0048] In step S2 of the present invention, the rotation speed of the dental drill is 10,000 r / min to 20,000 r / min, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.1 N to 0.3 N. For example, the rotation speed of the dental drill is 10,000 r / min, 15,000 r / min, 20,000 r / min, 25,000 r / min, or 30,000 r / min. The pressure of the dental drill is 0.1 N, 0.15 N, 0.2 N, 0.25 N, or 0.3 N.

[0049] Preferably, in step S2, the rotation speed of the dental drill is 30000 r / min, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.2N.

[0050] S3, post-processing

[0051] After the sample to be repaired is polished with a dental drill, the remaining paper layer on the film is wiped with an organic solvent; then it is rinsed, laid flat and dried to complete the repair of the bonding defects of the film emulsion layer.

[0052] In step S3, the organic solvent is n-butanol or isopropanol. Preferably, the organic solvent is n-butanol.

[0053] In step S3, the substrate is rinsed with deionized water for multiple times and laid flat and allowed to stand for more than 24 hours.

[0054] The present invention also provides an application of ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding collaborative processing in repairing film emulsion layer bonding defects.

[0055] Preferably, when used, the ultrasonic conditions are: power 20kHz~40kHz, temperature 30℃±5℃, time 15s~30s; the rotation speed of the dental drill is 10000r / min~30000r / min, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.1N~0.3N.

[0056] Preferably, during application, a dental drill is used to grind the paper layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm on the emulsion layer of the film to serve as a buffer layer.

[0057] The ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer bonding defect repair process provided by the present invention is described in detail through specific experiments and performance tests.

[0058] 1. The experimental materials and instruments used are as follows.

[0059] 1.1 Experimental Materials

[0060] Gelatin, Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; n-butanol, Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.; cellulose acetate film (discarded), Xi'an Film Archive.

[0061] 1.2 Experimental Instruments

[0062] The instruments used in the experiment are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1 Experimental instruments

[0064] Serial number Instrument name and model factory 1 HX3002T electronic balance Cixi Tiandong Scale Factory 2 WP-UP-WF-40 Micro-analysis Ultrapure Water Machine Sichuan Water Treatment Equipment Co., Ltd. 3 Model 85-2 Digital Display Constant Temperature Magnetic Stirrer Hangzhou Instrument Motor Co., Ltd. 4 Electric blower dryer Beijing Kewei Yongxing Instrument Co., Ltd. 5 Laser confocal scanning microscopy KEYENCE Japan 6 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer PerkinElmer 7 UV-lambda950 UV-NIR Spectrophotometer PerkinElmer 8 High-resolution scanning analyzer V850Pro Epson Corporation 9 CNC ultrasonic cleaner KQ-50DB Kunshan Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd.

[0065] 2. Preparation of paper bonding film simulation samples

[0066] In the experiment, cellulose acetate film was selected as the material to simulate traditional easily degradable film, and acid-free cotton paper was used as the simulated archival paper.

[0067] First, a 5% gelatin solution was prepared, and paper was cut into small pieces of 2.5 cm×2.5 cm.

[0068] Next, use a cotton swab to apply the prepared gelatin solution. Apply it first around the edges of the paper, then evenly spread the solution toward the center, ensuring that the paper surface is completely wetted. Immediately place the wetted paper against the film's emulsion layer, ensuring that no air bubbles form. To simulate the natural bonding process, place a heavy object on the sample and maintain the pressure for 24 hours.

[0069] Subsequently, the bonded sample was placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (temperature 25° C., relative humidity 50% RH) for drying for 72 hours to ensure the stability of the bonding interface.

[0070] Finally, to simulate the natural aging process of paper and film, the samples were placed in a cyclic aging chamber and subjected to alternating cycles of high temperature and high humidity (50°C, 80% RH, maintained for 12 hours) and normal temperature and humidity (25°C, 50% RH, maintained for 12 hours). 10 to 20 cycles were set to simulate 5 to 10 years of natural aging to obtain paper-to-film simulation samples.

[0071] Through the above steps, paper adhesive film samples that highly simulate actual diseases can be systematically prepared, providing reliable basic data and experimental environment for subsequent non-destructive peeling experiments.

[0072] 3. Repair of film emulsion bonding defects caused by ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding

[0073] This study mainly combines the cavitation effect of ultrasound with the mechanical precision of dental drill grinding. Through staged processing, it can achieve efficient peeling and removal of the paper adhesive layer on the film emulsion layer, and realize the repair of the bonding defects of the film emulsion layer.

[0074] See also Figure 10 The ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer bonding defect repair process provided in this study specifically includes the following steps:

[0075] S1. Immerse the paper adhesive film simulation sample in n-butanol solution to ensure complete wetting of the interface. Then, set the ultrasonic parameters to 40 kHz, 30°C, and treatment for 30 seconds.

[0076] This step utilizes the cavitation effect of ultrasound to break down hydrogen bonds at the adhesive interface, reducing initial adhesion. Stop immediately when separation is visible at the edges of the paper to prevent excessive impact on the emulsion layer. Use tweezers to gently peel off any separated paper to accelerate the delamination process. The ultrasonic treatment should be performed for a short time during this step, as it can damage the emulsion layer.

[0077] S2. After ultrasonic treatment and drying the surface, secure the ultrasonically treated paper-to-film bonding simulation sample to the microscope stage. Adjust the dental drill speed to 30,000 rpm and apply a pressure of 0.2 N. Finely polish the paper layer by layer from the edge of the bond toward the center until only a thin layer of 5-10 μm paper remains above the emulsion layer as a buffer.

[0078] S3. After the dental drill is polished, use a cotton swab dipped in n-butanol solution to gently wipe the remaining paper adhesive on the film until the paper layer is completely separated from the emulsion layer;

[0079] S4. Rinse the film surface three times with deionized water to remove residual debris and n-butanol solution, and lay the film flat and let it stand for 24 hours to ensure that it is completely dry and stable, completing the repair of the film emulsion layer bonding defect.

[0080] 4. Characterization and testing

[0081] 4.1 High-resolution scanner analysis

[0082] In order to obtain a record of the status of the photographic film before restoration, ensure the comparison of the restoration effect, and facilitate digital preservation and subsequent analysis, a scanner was used to scan the photographic film before and after restoration in professional mode, 16-bit grayscale 600-800 DPI. This high-precision scanning method can record tiny cracks and details, which is helpful for comparing the restoration effect.

[0083] Figure 1Figures a and b are the restoration process of the film under a high-resolution scanner, which are the original film - the film bonded with paper - the film after ultrasonic treatment - the film after dental drill polishing - and the film after n-butanol solution cleaning.

[0084] 4.2 Surface 2D, 3D topography and roughness testing

[0085] A Keyence VK-X250K laser confocal scanning microscope was used to perform morphological analysis on the paper surface of the film adhesive layer during the peeling process. During the test, the 2D contour map and 3D three-dimensional topological structure of the paper surface were obtained in turn, and its micromorphology and roughness characteristics were measured. The test results were corrected by multi-file analysis software to improve measurement accuracy and data reliability. Finally, key roughness parameters were extracted and analyzed, including Sa (arithmetic mean height), Sz (maximum height difference), Str (surface anisotropy ratio), Spc (peak density) and Sdr (surface roughness ratio) to comprehensively characterize the micromorphological changes and roughness characteristics of the paper surface of the adhesive layer. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0086] Figure 2 Figures a and b are, in order, the original film - the paper-bonded film - the film after ultrasonic treatment - the film after dental drill polishing - and the film after cleaning with n-butanol solution, and the microscopic morphology of the film under a laser co-polymerization microscope.

[0087] Figure 3 Surface roughness analysis data for the original film, paper film, and emulsion layer after bonding and restoration. The original film exhibits highly uniform surface roughness, extremely low roughness (Sa = 0.250 μm), and rounded peaks (Spc = 0.2309 μm⁻¹), demonstrating excellent stress dispersion. Its maximum height (Sz = 3.487 μm) and extended area ratio (Sdr = 2.539%) further confirm the surface flatness and simple microstructure. After bonding, the surface roughness deteriorates significantly due to adhesive curing and paper fiber indentation: Sa surges to 2.252 μm, and Sz climbs to 25.303 μm due to extreme peak-to-valley differences. Sdr (7.688%) and Spc (3.3397 μm⁻¹) indicate surface complexity and sharp peaks, posing a risk of localized stress concentration and wear. After ultrasonic-assisted drill stripping and repair, the key parameters systematically recovered to levels close to the original level (Sa = 0.285 μm, Sz = 3.331 μm, Sdr = 3.026% and Spc = 0.3167 μm-1), with deviations of less than 5%. The residual trace paper fibers and slight directional structure (Str = 0.542) had negligible effects on the performance.

[0088] The above data show that the repair process of the present invention, through the collaboration of ultrasound and dental drills, accurately controls the morphology of the film, not only effectively removes the bonded paper, but also avoids secondary damage to the film. It also achieves surface reconstruction close to the original state at the microscopic scale, significantly improving the isotropy and stress distribution characteristics, and providing an innovative technical path for the reliable repair of films.

[0089] 4.3. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis

[0090] A PE-Frontier Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used at 500-4000 cm -1 Infrared spectroscopy was performed on the film emulsion layer adhered to the paper within the wavelength range of 100 nm. The spectral changes before and after ultrasonic treatment were measured. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Figure 4 .

[0091] Table 2 Analysis of spectral changes before and after ultrasonic treatment

[0092] Characteristic peak Before ultrasound After ultrasound Change Analysis Amide I band (1640 cm-1) 0.68 0.67 Strength decreased by 1%, but the structure is stable Amide II band (1540 cm-1) 0.75 0.74 Strength decreased by 1%, but the structure is stable OH peak (3300cm-1) 0.75 0.73 No obvious change in hydrophilicity

[0093] Figure 4 The infrared spectra of the film emulsion layer before and after ultrasonic treatment were compared, and the non-destructive nature of the ultrasonic-assisted process on the gelatin structure was verified by characteristic peak analysis. Amide I band (1640 cm-1): The peak position did not shift before and after ultrasonic treatment, and the peak intensity only decreased by 1%, indicating that the C=O stretching vibration mode of the C=O bond was not disturbed, and the gelatin backbone peptide bond (-CO-NH-) did not undergo hydrolysis or conformational rearrangement. Amide II band (1540 cm-1): The peak shape was consistent in symmetry, with no shoulder peak or splitting phenomenon, confirming that the ultrasonic cavitation effect did not destroy the intramolecular / intermolecular hydrogen bond network. OH stretching vibration peak (3300 cm-1): There was no significant change in the peak intensity change rate and half-peak fluctuation, indicating that the distribution density of hydroxyl groups on the gelatin surface and the hydrogen bond strength with water molecules did not change significantly.

[0094] These results demonstrate that ultrasound treatment did not cause thermal degradation or mechanical damage to gelatin: the integrity of the peptide bonds (amide I band) and hydrogen bond network (amide II band) was preserved. This indicates that the ultrasound energy did not exceed the molecular mechanical threshold of gelatin. The minimal fluctuations in the hydrophilicity parameters (<5%) indicate stable surface chemistry, meeting the stringent material functionality requirements for film restoration. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted treatment, through precise cavitation energy, achieves non-destructive separation of the film emulsion layer, providing a safe and reliable physical intervention method for high-precision film restoration.

[0095] 4.4. Transmittance retention test

[0096] Transmittance testing is performed on both untreated and completely separated films using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (e.g., PerkinElmer Lambda 950) to assess light transmission loss. This testing ensures the clarity and color fidelity of the restored image and verifies that the drill grinding process has not significantly damaged the film's internal structure (e.g., silver particle distribution, gelatin network).

[0097] See also Figure 5 , the optical properties of the original film and the film emulsion layer after the precise stripping process with a dental drill; the left side is the transmittance result; the right side is the reflectance test result.

[0098] Transmittance results revealed that within the wavelength range of 250nm-800nm, the average transmittance of the original film was 28.6%. After stripping and repair, the average transmittance dropped to 27.9%, a decrease of only 0.7%. At the peak visible wavelength of 550nm, the average transmittance of the original film was 36.78%. After stripping and repair, the average transmittance remained at 36.01%, a decrease of only 0.67%. The decrease in average transmittance before and after treatment was not significant, indicating that the emulsion stripping operation did not significantly alter the film's light transmission properties.

[0099] Reflectivity test results further validated the stability of the process: the average reflectivity of the original film was 9.26%, while that of the film after stripping and repair increased slightly to 9.83%. The reflectivity at a wavelength of 550nm increased from 6.12% to 6.69%. This phenomenon can be attributed to the residual paper fibers after stripping, which slightly perturb the optical path and increase local diffuse reflection. However, the overall optical performance remained within an acceptable range.

[0100] In summary, the restoration process of the present invention minimally impacts the film's optical properties. This demonstrates that the ultrasonic and precise exfoliation process, when removing the paper base, effectively avoids disrupting the silver particle distribution and gelatin network structure in the emulsion layer, thereby maintaining the film's core optical properties.

[0101] 4.5. Stripping efficiency evaluation

[0102] ImageJ software was used to accurately analyze the area of ​​residual paper on the surface before and after film peeling to quantify the peeling efficiency. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 6 shown.

[0103] See also Figure 6 The bonding area before and after repair was calculated using Image J software. The bonding area before repair accounted for 56.183% of the total film area, while the bonding area after repair only accounted for 1.597% of the total film area. The repair was almost complete and the repair effect was obvious.

[0104] By comparing paper coverage before and after stripping, the effectiveness of the stripping method can be evaluated, ensuring the film surface is as clean as possible to minimize the impact of residue on image quality. This analysis also helps optimize the stripping process, improving the controllability and repeatability of the restoration process, thereby ensuring the clarity and color fidelity of the restored image.

[0105] Through the above experiments and performance tests, the ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer adhesion defect repair process provided by the present invention can achieve non-destructive removal of adhesions while avoiding secondary damage and destruction to the film, and completely retains the silver salt distribution of the emulsion layer, thus meeting the needs of film repair.

[0106] 5. Comparison of different treatment methods

[0107] This study used ultrasound treatment alone, dental drill grinding alone, and ultrasound-assisted dental drill grinding (combined treatment) to evaluate the peeling effect of different treatment methods on adhesive paper and their synergistic mechanism.

[0108] Single ultrasonic treatment: immerse the sample to be repaired in n-butanol solution until the interface is completely wetted; then perform ultrasonic treatment; the ultrasonic treatment power is 40 kHz and the temperature is 30°C.

[0109] Polishing with a dental drill: Immerse the sample to be repaired in n-butanol solution until the interface is completely wetted; then dry the sample to be repaired, fix it on the microscope stage, and use a dental drill to polish it layer by layer along the edge of the paper at the bonding point toward the center until a 5-10μm thick paper layer is left on the emulsion layer of the film as a buffer layer; the rotation speed of the dental drill is 30,000rpm, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.2N.

[0110] Ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding is a repair process provided by the present invention, with an ultrasonic processing power of 40kHz, a temperature of 30°C, and a time of 30s; during dental drill grinding, a paper layer with a thickness of 5-10μm is left on the emulsion layer of the film as a buffer layer; the rotation speed of the dental drill is 30,000rpm, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.2N.

[0111] After the above-mentioned different treatment methods, the remaining paper layer on the film is wiped with an organic solvent (n-butanol); then, after washing, laying flat and letting it stand, and drying, the repair of the bonding defects of the film emulsion layer is completed.

[0112] Repair results see Figure 7 and Table 3.

[0113] Table 3 Comparison of repair conditions under different repair processes

[0114]

[0115] Table 3 and Figure 7The data showed that under the simple ultrasonic treatment mode (30s), the edge of the paper produced a slight warping of about 0.5-1.0mm, and the bonding area decreased by 15±3% after being gently peeled off with tweezers; when the ultrasonic treatment was extended to 90s, although the decrease in bonding area slowed down (only decreased by about 4±2%), the emulsion layer began to show micron-level surface damage, and the bonding area after repair was higher than 10%.

[0116] When using a simple dental drill polishing process, 30 minutes of mechanical treatment can achieve a residual paper layer thickness of 5-10μm. Although peeling can be achieved after wiping with n-butanol solution, it takes too long.

[0117] Ultrasonic-assisted drill grinding (combined treatment) involves a 30-second ultrasonic pretreatment to induce interface weakening, followed by targeted drill grinding. This reduces drill grinding time to less than 15 minutes (a 50% reduction compared to a single process). This is combined with n-butanol-assisted dissolution to achieve a more complete peeling of the adhesive layer, improving overall treatment efficiency by 50%. Therefore, the present invention utilizes an ultrasonic physical field-assisted peeling mechanism, effectively combining the advantages of interfacial stress concentration generated by ultrasonic cavitation with mechanical precision grinding, providing a new non-destructive peeling and restoration process for the field of cultural relic restoration.

[0118] The present invention also uses the ultrasonic assisted dental drill grinding repair process to repair the adhesive defects of the physical film emulsion layer in the archives. The repair results are as follows: Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown.

[0119] See also Figure 8 and Figure 9 For the restoration of the archives' physical objects, Image J software was used to calculate the bonding area before and after restoration. The bonding area before restoration accounted for 85.327% of the total area of ​​the film, while the bonding area after restoration only accounted for 6.484% of the total area of ​​the film. The restoration effect is very significant.

[0120] The above-mentioned experiments and performance tests of the present invention were all carried out under optimal conditions. When the conditions in the process of repairing the adhesion defects of the film emulsion layer by ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding were replaced, for example, the power of ultrasonic treatment was arbitrarily selected within the range of 20kHz to 40kHz, the temperature was arbitrarily selected within the range of 30℃±5℃, and the time was arbitrarily selected within the range of 15s to 30s; and the rotation speed of the dental drill was arbitrarily selected within the range of 10000r / min to 30000r / min, and the pressure was arbitrarily selected within the range of 0.1N to 0.3N, the film emulsion layer and the adhesive paper could be peeled off, thereby realizing efficient repair of the adhesion defects of the film emulsion layer.

[0121] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for repairing film emulsion layer adhesion defects by ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Ultrasonic treatment The sample to be repaired was immersed in n-butanol solution until the interface was completely wetted; Then ultrasonic treatment was performed; S2, dental drill grinding The ultrasonically treated sample to be repaired is dried and fixed on a microscope stage. A dental drill is used to polish the paper layer by layer from the edge of the bonding area to the center until a 5-10 μm thick paper layer is left on the emulsion layer of the film as a buffer layer. S3, post-processing After the sample to be repaired is polished with a dental drill, the remaining paper layer on the film is wiped with an organic solvent; then it is rinsed, laid flat and dried to complete the repair of the bonding defects of the film emulsion layer.

2. The ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer adhesion defect repair process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the ultrasonic treatment conditions are: power of 20 kHz to 40 kHz, temperature of 30° C.±5° C., and time of 15 s to 30 s.

3. The ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer adhesion defect repair process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the rotation speed of the dental drill is 10000 r / min to 30000 r / min, and the pressure of the dental drill is 0.1N to 0.3N.

4. The ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer adhesion defect repair process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the organic solvent is n-butanol or isopropanol.

5. The ultrasonic-assisted dental drill-polished film emulsion layer adhesion defect repair process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the substrate is rinsed multiple times with deionized water and laid flat and allowed to stand for more than 24 hours.

6. Application of ultrasonic-assisted dental drill grinding synergistic processing in the repair of film emulsion layer bonding defects.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that During the application, the ultrasonic conditions are: power 20kHz~40kHz, temperature 30℃±5℃, time 15s~30s; the rotation speed of the dental drill during grinding is 10000r / min~30000r / min, and the pressure is 0.1N~0.3N.

8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that During the application, a dental drill is used to polish the emulsion layer of the film to leave a paper layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm as a buffer layer.

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