Building construction drilling equipment and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pouring construction, in particular to building construction drilling equipment which comprises a drilling machine body. The rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the drilling machine main body; the drilling device is fixedly installed at the end of the rotating shaft, and the drilling device is sequentially and coaxially sleeved with a rotary excavating structure from the lower end to the upper end along the rotating shaft, and the inner wall of the pile hole is cut to form a pile hole groove path; a plurality of expansion units capable of stretching out and drawing back in the radial direction are evenly distributed on the periphery of the grouting coating structure in the circumferential direction, and grouting holes are formed between the adjacent expansion units; the leveling structure comprises a plurality of leveling units which can be expanded in the radial direction, and the leveling units are connected with the expansion units; the technical problem that wet spraying materials of a traditional cast-in-place pile are poured only through dead weight and cannot be densely coated on the inner wall of a pile hole, a condensed supporting layer cannot be formed in real time, and consequently the inner wall of the pile hole is prone to shrinkage is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pouring construction, and in particular to a drilling device and method for building construction. Background Art

[0002] In the field of cast-in-place construction, drill shrinkage is a core problem that seriously affects the quality of pile formation. This is especially true when the groundwater level fluctuates frequently, the soil layer is weak, or the soil is sandy. The soil in the hole wall is prone to radial shrinkage due to stress release and seepage, resulting in the final pile diameter being smaller than the designed hole diameter, thereby weakening the bearing capacity of the pile foundation and inducing settlement risks. Traditional technical means to prevent and control shrinkage mainly include mud wall protection, casing follow-up, and in-hole grouting. Among them, grouting with wet shotcrete (a mixed slurry formed by concrete and accelerators) is widely used due to its controllable cost and convenient construction. However, the current process has significant defects: during construction, the wet shotcrete is only injected into the bottom or middle of the pile hole in one direction through a conduit, relying on the material's own weight to achieve filling. This method prevents the grouting spray mix from effectively adhering to the hole wall to form a continuous support layer. Instead, the mixture accumulates discretely at the bottom of the hole, resulting in a weak interface with the soil at the inner wall of the pile hole. The grouting spray mix struggles to penetrate the micro-cracks in the soil at the pile hole wall to form a snap anchor, and it is even more difficult to quickly build a solidified shell with early strength on the hole wall. The fundamental problem lies in the process's failure to achieve uniform coverage of the grouting spray mix across the three-dimensional hole wall. Gravity settling causes the slurry particles to segregate, with coarse aggregates concentrated and cementitious components floating. This results in uneven strength distribution in the retaining wall layer, and the quick-setting agent loses its immediate reinforcement effect due to its inability to contact the hole wall soil. These shortcomings contribute to the tendency for necking, which hinders the placement of the reinforcement cage, in actual projects.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes a construction drilling equipment and method to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a construction drilling device to solve the technical problem that the wet spraying material of traditional cast-in-place piles is poured only by its own weight, cannot be densely coated on the inner wall of the pile hole, cannot immediately form a condensed support layer, and causes the inner wall of the pile hole to shrink easily; the second purpose is to propose a method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A construction drilling device includes a drilling rig main body; a rotating shaft rotatably mounted on the drilling rig body; A drilling device is fixedly mounted on the end of the rotating shaft. The drilling device is provided with a drilling structure coaxially from the lower end to the upper end along the rotating shaft for cutting the ground to form a pile hole. The rotary drilling structure cuts the inner wall of the pile hole to form a pile hole groove; A grouting coating structure, wherein a plurality of radially retractable expansion units are uniformly distributed around the periphery of the grouting coating structure, and grouting holes are formed between adjacent expansion units; The leveling structure includes a plurality of radially expandable leveling units, and the leveling units are connected to the expansion units; wherein the drilling device is configured such that: in a rotating state, the leveling units are radially displaced by the centrifugal force, abutting and compacting the inner wall of the pile hole outward, and at the same time driving the expansion units to expand radially through mechanical linkage, so that the expansion units coat the grouting wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole on the inner wall of the pile hole.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, during the downward drilling of a pile hole, the main body of the drill rig drives the rotating shaft to rotate, driving the drilling device to simultaneously press down and rotate. The drilling mechanism first cuts into the soil to form the initial pile hole. As the drill tool continues to descend, the rotary drilling mechanism rotates in tandem with the drilling mechanism. Its spring-loaded rotary cutting blade expands radially under centrifugal force, cutting a longitudinal groove in the hole wall and enhancing the anchoring of the subsequent slurry. When the grouting coating structure reaches the target depth, the leveling ball of the leveling unit is ejected by centrifugal force, pushing the first slider axially through the first connecting rod, which in turn drives the rack of the grouting coating structure to slide. The rack drives the coating block to radially expand until it is in close contact with the hole wall. At this time, the high-pressure wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole is constrained by the coating block and spirals upward along the annular gap formed between the expansion unit and the hole wall, achieving three-dimensional coverage. Simultaneously, the leveling ball compacts the slurry, causing it to penetrate the rotary drilling groove and micro-cracks in the soil. Upon contact with the moist soil, the quick-setting agent quickly triggers a setting reaction, instantly forming a continuous, high-strength retaining wall shell. The entire process simultaneously completes the four steps of drilling, grooving, spraying and compacting in a single downward drilling, effectively suppressing the radial shrinkage of the hole wall.

[0007] Furthermore, the grouting coating structure includes a first hollow cylinder, the grouting holes are opened on the first cylinder and communicate with the inner cavity of the first cylinder; the expansion units are evenly fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the first cylinder; The expansion unit includes a coating shell fixed on the first cylinder and a rack slidably arranged in the coating shell, a first pin shaft and a second pin shaft are fixedly arranged in the coating shell, a first connecting bar is rotatably arranged on the first pin shaft, and a second connecting bar is rotatably arranged on the second pin shaft, and a coating block is movably connected between the first connecting bar and the second connecting bar.

[0008] Furthermore, a notch is provided on the coating shell, the coating block is arranged in the notch, a plurality of first teeth are formed on the first connecting strip, a plurality of second teeth are formed on the second connecting strip, the first teeth and the second teeth are engaged with the rack; the rack is used to drive the coating block to be accommodated in the notch or to extend from the notch, and the coating block is used to guide the grouting wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole so that it is coated on the inner wall of the pile hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the flattening structure includes a second cylinder coaxially fixed to the first cylinder, and the flattening units are evenly arranged on the outer circumference of the second cylinder; The leveling unit includes a guide shaft, a first slider, a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod. The free end of the first connecting rod is connected to a leveling ball, one end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the first slider, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hinged to the middle position of the first connecting rod. A first tension spring is sleeved on the guide shaft, and the first tension spring has a tendency to drive the leveling ball to contract radially.

[0010] Furthermore, connecting rods are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first sliding block, and the two connecting rods are fixedly connected to the racks respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotary drilling structure includes a plurality of rotary drilling units, each of which includes a fixed shaft, a second slider slidably arranged on the fixed shaft, and a rotary drilling cutter. The two ends of the fixed shaft are respectively hinged to a first rod, and the two ends of the first rods are respectively hinged to the two ends of the corresponding rotary drilling cutter. The second slider is hinged to a second rod, and the end of the second rod is hinged to the middle position of one of the first rods. A second tension spring is sleeved on the fixed shaft, and the second tension spring has a tendency to drive the rotary cutter to contract radially.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotary drilling structure is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the first cylinder and / or fixedly mounted on the rack.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the coating shells protrudes from the outer wall of the first cylinder, and the distance between the surface formed by the outer periphery of the coating shell and the outer peripheral surface of the first cylinder is a; The maximum distance that the coating block extends out of the coating shell is b; The values ​​of a and b are at least greater than 10 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the drilling structure includes a drill barrel and a cutting plate, and the cutting plate is installed at the bottom of the drill barrel in an openable and closable manner.

[0015] On the other hand, the present application also proposes a construction drilling method, comprising using the aforementioned construction drilling equipment, and further comprising implementing the following steps: Drilling construction: The main body of the drilling rig drives the rotating shaft and the drilling device to rotate and press downward, and the drill tube and cutting plate of the drilling structure open and close to cut the stratum to form a pile hole; Rotary trenching: The drilling device rotates and presses down continuously, and the rotary cutter of the rotary drilling structure expands radially under the action of centrifugal force, cutting the inner wall of the pile hole to form a pile hole trench; Synchronous grouting and coating: When the grouting and coating structure reaches the target depth, the leveling balls of the leveling unit expand radially under the action of centrifugal force, compacting the inner wall of the pile hole and driving the rack to slide through the connecting rod; the rack drives the coating block to expand radially until it is close to the hole wall, and at the same time, the high-pressure grouting pump sprays the wet material through the grouting hole; the coating block guides the wet material to be evenly coated on the inner wall of the pile hole and the groove, forming a continuous support layer; Leveling and compaction: The leveling ball continuously rolls the coating layer while rotating, forcing the wet spraying material to penetrate into the pile hole groove and soil micro-cracks. The quick-setting agent triggers the setting reaction to form the wall shell; Hole maintenance: lift the drilling device, the leveling unit and expansion unit automatically retract and reset; carry out hole cleaning, lowering the steel cage and pouring concrete.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The centrifugal compaction of the present invention is linked with mechanical coating to achieve instant density and uniform coating of grouting wet spraying material, and the radial expansion of the grouting coating unit (extension of the coating block) is driven by the centrifugal movement of the leveling unit (the leveling ball is thrown out); when the equipment rotates at high speed, the leveling ball is thrown outward by the centrifugal force and compacts the slurry on the hole wall, and this action simultaneously pulls the rack downward by the first slider and the connecting rod; the movement of the rack engages and drives the first and second connecting bars to rotate, forcing the coating block to extend radially from the coating shell to close to the hole wall; this rigid mechanical linkage ensures that when the high-pressure grouting wet spraying material is sprayed out of the grouting hole, the coating block is synchronously in place for guiding and coating operations; in the process of downward drilling, the instant rolling of the wet spraying material by the leveling ball is combined with the synchronous coating of the coating block, forcing the slurry to penetrate into the rotary excavation groove and soil micro-cracks, and triggers rapid coagulation by using the quick-setting agent, efficiently forming a continuous, uniform and dense high-strength wall protection layer in a single downward process, significantly improving the wall protection effect and anti-shrinkage ability.

[0017] 2. The dynamic coupling of the rotary drilling depth and leveling compaction in this application achieves adaptive trenching optimization and formation, establishing an intelligent linkage feedback mechanism between the cutting depth of the rotary drilling unit and the compaction state of the leveling unit. The movement of the rotary cutter is not only controlled by its own centrifugal force, but more importantly, it is rigidly connected to the leveling unit (via a connecting rod) and the fixed shaft through the rack. In soft formations, the constraint force of the hole wall on the leveling ball is weak, and the leveling ball is thrown out with a greater centrifugal amplitude, strongly pulling down the rack, which in turn drives the fixed shaft to move, pushing the rotary cutter to cut deeper into the soil layer (with a larger cutting area), forming a wider range of anchoring grooves to compensate for potential shrinkage holes. The rationally distributed pile hole groove array that is conducive to slurry filling and anchoring fundamentally optimizes the construction foundation of the slurry-soil collaborative bearing system.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the construction drilling equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 For the part of the construction drilling equipment of the present invention (see Figure 1 ) Structural diagram; Figure 3 For the part of the construction drilling equipment of the present invention (see Figure 2 ) Structural diagram; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the leveling structure of the construction drilling equipment of the present invention; Figure 5 For the construction drilling equipment of the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of part A; Figure 6 For the construction drilling equipment of the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of part B; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the expansion unit in the construction drilling equipment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the expansion unit of the construction drilling equipment of the present invention in a retracted state; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the rack and the connecting rod in the construction drilling equipment of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic top view of a partial structure of a grouting coating structure in a construction drilling device of the present invention; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a partial structure of a drilling structure in a construction drilling device according to the present invention; Figure 12 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which the fixed shaft of the drilling structure in the construction drilling equipment is installed on the rack.

[0020] Among them, the drilling rig body 1, the rotating shaft 2, the drilling structure 3, the drill barrel 31, the cutting plate 32, the rotary drilling structure 4, the rotary drilling unit 41, the fixed shaft 411, the second slider 412, the rotary drilling cutter 413, the first rod 414, the second rod 415, the second tension spring 416, the grouting coating structure 5, the expansion unit 51, the coating shell 511, the rack 512, the first pin 513, the second pin 514, the first connecting bar 515, the second connecting bar 516, the coating block 517, the first cylinder 52, the grouting hole 53, the leveling structure 6, the leveling unit 61, the guide shaft 611, the first slider 612, the first connecting rod 613, the second connecting rod 614, the leveling ball 615, the first tension spring 616, the connecting rod 617, and the second cylinder 62. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the various details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0023] This embodiment provides a construction drilling equipment, such as Figures 1 to 12 As shown, it includes a drilling rig body 1, a rotating shaft 2 and a drilling device. The rotating shaft 2 is installed on the drilling rig body 1. The drilling rig body 1 is used to drive the rotating shaft 2 to rotate. The drilling device is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft 2. The drilling rig body 1 drives the drilling device to rotate through the rotating shaft 2.

[0024] The drilling device is coaxially connected with a drilling structure 3, a rotary drilling structure 4, a grouting and coating structure 5 and a leveling structure 6 along the rotating shaft 2 from the lower end to the upper end, wherein the drilling structure 3 is used to cut the stratum to form a pile hole; the rotary drilling structure 4 is used to cut the inner wall of the pile hole to form a pile hole groove; a plurality of radially retractable expansion units 51 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the outer periphery of the grouting and coating structure 5, and grouting holes 53 are formed between adjacent expansion units 51.

[0025] The leveling structure 6 includes a plurality of radially expandable leveling units 61, which are connected to the expansion unit 51. The drilling device is configured as follows: in a rotating state, the leveling unit 61 is subjected to the centrifugal force to produce radial displacement, abutting and compacting the inner wall of the pile hole outward, and at the same time driving the expansion unit 51 to expand radially through mechanical linkage, so that the expansion unit 51 coats the grouting wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole 53 onto the inner wall of the pile hole.

[0026] In this embodiment, during the process of drilling the pile hole downward, the drilling rig body 1 drives the rotating shaft 2 to rotate, driving the drilling device to press down and rotate synchronously. The drilling structure 3 first cuts into the soil layer to form an initial pile hole underground. As the drilling device continues to rotate, the rotary drilling structure 4 rotates closely following the drilling structure 3, cutting a pile hole groove in the hole wall so that the subsequent grouting wet spraying material can adhere to form an anchoring surface; the grouting coating structure 5 sprays the grouting wet spraying material and simultaneously coats the grouting wet spraying material to make it adhere to the pile hole groove. The leveling ball 615 of the leveling unit 61 is thrown out by the centrifugal force, and the first slider 612 moves axially under the action of the centrifugal force. The block 612 is linked to the connecting rods 617 on both sides to pull the rack 512 of the grouting coating structure 5 to slide; the rack 512 drives the coating block 517 to expand radially until it is close to the hole wall. At this time, the coating block 517 covers the high-pressure wet spray material sprayed from the grouting hole 53; at the same time, the leveling ball 615 synchronously compacts the slurry to press it into the rotary excavation groove and the micro-cracks of the soil. After the quick-setting agent contacts the wet soil, it quickly triggers the coagulation reaction and immediately forms a continuous high-strength wall protection shell, which can avoid the shrinkage of the pile hole to a certain extent; the entire process simultaneously completes the four processes of drilling, grooving, spray coating and compaction in a single downward drilling, effectively suppressing the radial shrinkage of the hole wall.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the grouting coating structure 5 includes a first cylinder 52 with a hollow structure, and the grouting holes 53 are opened on the first cylinder 52 and communicate with the inner cavity of the first cylinder 52; the expansion units 51 are evenly fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the first cylinder 52.

[0028] like Figure 7 As shown, the expansion unit 51 includes a coating shell 511 fixed on the first cylinder 52 and a rack 512 slidably arranged in the coating shell 511, and a first pin shaft 513 and a second pin shaft 514 are fixedly arranged in the coating shell 511, a first connecting bar 515 is rotatably arranged on the first pin shaft 513, and a second connecting bar 516 is rotatably arranged on the second pin shaft 514, and a coating block 517 is connected between the first connecting bar 515 and the second connecting bar 516.

[0029] A notch is provided on the coating shell 511, and the coating block 517 is arranged in the notch. A plurality of first teeth are formed on the first connecting bar 515, and a plurality of second teeth are formed on the second connecting bar 516. The first teeth and the second teeth are both engaged with the rack 512; the rack 512 is used to drive the coating block 517 to be accommodated in the notch or to extend from the notch. When the coating block 517 is in the extended state, the rotating shaft drives the coating block 517 to rotate at a high speed. The coating block 517 is used to coat the grouting wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole 53 so that it is coated on the inner wall of the pile hole.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the leveling structure 6 includes a second cylinder 62 coaxially fixed to the first cylinder 52, and the leveling units 61 are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the second cylinder 62; the leveling unit 61 includes a guide shaft 611, a first slider 612, a first connecting rod 613 and a second connecting rod 614, the end of the first connecting rod 613 is connected to a leveling ball 615, one end of the second connecting rod 614 is hinged to the first slider 612, and the other end of the second connecting rod 614 is hinged to the middle position of the first connecting rod 613, and a first tension spring 616 is sleeved on the guide shaft 611, and the first tension spring 616 has the function of driving the leveling ball 615 to contract radially (that is, Figure 4 The first tension spring 616 drives the first slider 612 to move upward).

[0031] Among them, such as Figure 5 As shown, connecting rods 617 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first sliding block 612 , and the two connecting rods 617 are fixedly connected to the rack 512 respectively.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the drilling device rotates to drill, the dynamic working process of the leveling structure 6 is as follows: the rotating shaft 2 rotates at high speed to drive the second cylinder 62 to rotate synchronously, and the leveling ball 615 of the leveling unit 61 is swung outward by the centrifugal force; the radial displacement of the leveling ball 615 pushes the first connecting rod 613 to rotate around the hinge point, forcing the second connecting rod 614 hinged to the middle part of the first connecting rod 613 to deflect at an angle; the second connecting rod 614 pulls the first slider 612 to slide along the guide shaft 611, overcoming the tension of the first tension spring 616 sleeved on the guide shaft 611, and at this time the leveling ball 615 is fully expanded and tightened. The inner wall of the pile hole is pressed and the grouting coating layer is rolled; at the same time, the axial displacement of the first slider 612 (the process of moving downward) is rigidly transmitted to the rack 512 of the grouting coating structure 5 through the connecting rods 617 on both sides, and the rack 512 moves downward, and the linkage expansion unit 51 synchronously expands radially to carry out grouting and coating operations of the grouting wet spraying material; when the speed is reduced or drilling is stopped, the first tension spring 616 pulls the first slider 612 upward, and the leveling ball 615 is retracted from the hole wall through the connecting rod mechanism, realizing an intelligent cycle of centrifugal compaction during rotation and automatic retraction when drilling is stopped, ensuring that the grouting wet spraying material is continuously dense before initial setting.

[0033] The working process of the grouting coating structure 5 is as follows: the high-pressure grouting pump pumps the grouting wet spraying material into the inner cavity of the first cylinder 52 through the inner cavity of the second cylinder 62, and the grouting wet spraying material is sprayed outward through the grouting hole 53 on the wall of the first cylinder 52; at the same time, the leveling unit 61 is radially expanded by the action of the rack 512; specifically, the rack 512 engages to drive the first connecting bar 515 and the second connecting bar 516 to rotate around the corresponding pin shaft, and the coating block 517 then extends radially from the notch of the coating shell 511; during the synchronous rotation of the coating block 517, the grouting wet spraying material pumped out from the grouting hole 53 is evenly coated on the wall of the pile hole.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, each coating shell 511 protrudes from the outer wall of the first cylindrical body 52. ​​The distance between the outer periphery of the coating shell 511 and the outer periphery of the first cylindrical body 52 is a distance a. The maximum distance that the coating block 517 extends from the coating shell 511 is b. The values ​​of a and b are at least greater than 10 mm. The coating shell 511 protruding from the outer wall of the first cylindrical body 52 serves to initially spin the grouting wet spraying material. After the coating block 517 extends from the coating shell 511, the rotation process further coats the grouting wet spraying material on the inner wall of the pile hole, improving the coating capacity.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 6As shown, the rotary drilling structure 4 includes several rotary drilling units 41, and the rotary drilling unit 41 includes a fixed shaft 411, a second slider 412 slidably arranged on the fixed shaft 411, and a rotary drilling blade 413. The two ends of the fixed shaft 411 are respectively hinged with a first rod 414, and the two ends of the two first rods 414 are respectively hinged with the two ends of the corresponding rotary drilling blade 413. The second slider 412 is hinged with a second rod 415, and the end of the second rod 415 is hinged with the middle position of one of the first rods 414; a second tension spring 416 is sleeved on the fixed shaft 411, and the second tension spring 416 has a tendency to drive the rotary drilling blade 413 to contract radially.

[0036] In this embodiment, when the drilling structure 3 rotates at high speed, the rotary cutter 413 is pushed to expand by the centrifugal force of the first rod 414. At the same time, the second slider 412 slides along the fixed axis 411 to stretch the second tension spring 416, causing the rotary cutter 413 to expand radially and forcefully cut into the hole wall to form a pile hole groove. When encountering a hard rock layer, the reaction force forces the rotary cutter 413 to retract, and the second tension spring 416 stores energy for buffering to prevent damage to the cutter. The fundamental purpose of opening the pile hole slot is to actively transform the hole wall morphology to construct a slurry-soil collaborative bearing system. The rotary drilling cutter 413 is used to form a longitudinal groove with a depth of ≥10mm, creating a mechanical embedded anchor point on the hole wall. During grouting, the wet spray material is filled in the slot under high pressure. After solidification, a continuously distributed "concrete tenon" is formed, which produces a bite effect with the soil layer and improves the interface shear resistance. At the same time, the groove structure blocks the linear seepage path of groundwater, extends the seepage path, and weakens seepage erosion. The solidified slurry in the pile hole slot can also form a radial reinforcement network to evenly spread the soil pressure and suppress shrinkage caused by stress release in the weak soil layer.

[0037] The rotary drilling structure 4 is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the first cylinder 52 and / or fixedly mounted on the rack 512 .

[0038] In one embodiment, the rack is Figure 9 As shown, when the rotary drilling structure 4 is fixed to the outer periphery of the first cylinder 52, the rotary drilling unit 41 is directly driven by the rotating centrifugal force, the second slider 412 slides along the fixed axis 411, and the rotary drilling cutter 413 radially cuts into the soil through the second rod 415 to form a pile hole groove. At this time, the cutting depth is only positively correlated with the rotation speed, which is suitable for homogeneous strata.

[0039] In another embodiment, the length of the rack 512 is longer than that of the above embodiment. When the rotary drilling structure 4 is fixed below the rack 512, as shown in FIG. Figure 12As shown, the fixed shaft 411 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rack 512, and the rotary cutter 413 rotates to generate centrifugal expansion of the foundation. At the same time, the leveling unit 61 is centrifugally expanded to pull the rack 512 to move through the connecting rod 617, and the rack 512 drives the fixed shaft 411 of the rotary digging unit 41 to move axially. The design of the rack 512 linking the axial movement of the fixed shaft 411 can optimize the forming quality of the pile hole groove through dual power coupling to avoid shrinkage. When drilling into soft strata, the constraint force of the hole wall on the leveling ball 615 is weakened, causing its centrifugal expansion amplitude to increase. The connecting rod 617 strongly pulls down the rack 512, pushing the fixed shaft 411 to move axially, and pushing the rotary cutter 413 to penetrate deeper into a wider range. The rotary cutter 413 cuts into the soil layer (that is, the area of ​​the inner wall of the pile hole cut by the rotary cutter 413 is larger), forming a wider anchor groove to compensate for potential shrinkage holes. In hard rock layers, the reverse thrust generated by the obstruction of the rotary cutter 413 is transmitted back to the rack 512 through the fixed shaft 411, which in turn suppresses excessive pressure of the leveling ball 615, while reducing the cutting depth of the rotary cutter 413 to avoid chipping, and intelligently maintains the geometric integrity of the groove. During rotation, the up and down displacement of the rack 512 matches the speed change in real time, ensuring that the groove depth in the weak area is increased to compensate for shrinkage holes, and the groove shape in the hard area is regular to facilitate the filling of grouting wet shotcrete, ultimately forming an anchor groove array with uniform depth and dense distribution, which facilitates the penetration of subsequent grouting wet shotcrete.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, the drilling structure 3 includes a drill barrel 31 and a cutting plate 32. The cutting plate 32 can be installed at the bottom of the drill barrel 31 in an openable and closable manner. A plurality of cutting drill bits are provided at the bottom of the cutting plate 32, and a mud inlet is provided at the bottom of the cutting plate 32. When the drill barrel 31 rotates and drills, the cut soil enters the inside of the drill barrel 31. When a sufficient amount of soil is accumulated in the drill barrel 31, the drill barrel 31 is lifted, the cutting plate 32 is opened, and the soil in the drill barrel 31 is poured out; after the soil is poured out, the drill barrel 31 is placed in the pile hole again to continue the drilling operation of the pile hole.

[0041] On the other hand, the present application also proposes a construction drilling method, comprising using the aforementioned construction drilling equipment, and further comprising implementing the following steps: Drilling construction: The drilling rig body 1 is driven to rotate and press the rotating shaft 2 and the drilling device downward, and the drill tube 31 and the cutting plate 32 of the drilling structure 3 are opened and closed to cut the stratum to form a pile hole.

[0042] Before construction, the drilling equipment is installed on the drilling rig body 1, and the high-pressure grouting pump is connected to the inner cavity of the first cylinder 52 of the grouting coating structure 5. The verticality of the drilling rig body 1 is adjusted to ensure that the rotating shaft 2 coincides with the designed axis of the pile hole. Start the drilling rig body 1 to drive the rotating shaft 2 to idle, and verify that the leveling ball 615 of the leveling unit 61 and the rotary cutter 413 of the rotary drilling structure 4 can be radially expanded under the action of centrifugal force; at the same time, check whether the rack 512 of the grouting coating structure 5 can be linked to the leveling unit 61 through the connecting rod 617 to realize the extension and contraction of the coating block 517. The grouting wet spraying material ratio is preset (cement: sand: accelerator = 1:2:0.9, water-cement ratio 0.4), and the slurry fluidity is verified by trial spraying through the grouting hole 53. After the equipment is positioned, the cutting plate 32 at the bottom of the drill barrel 31 of the drilling structure 3 is closed, ready to cut into the formation.

[0043] Rotary trenching: The drilling device continuously rotates and presses downward, and the rotary cutter 413 of the rotary trenching structure 4 is radially expanded by the centrifugal force, cutting the inner wall of the pile hole to form a pile hole trench; The main drilling rig body 1 is driven to rotate and press the rotating shaft 2 and the drilling device downward at a speed of 80-120r / min. The cutting plate 32 at the bottom of the drill barrel 31 of the drilling structure 3 cuts the soil layer, and the soil enters the inner cavity of the drill barrel 31 through the mud inlet at the bottom of the drill barrel 31. When the soil in the drill barrel 31 is full, the main drilling rig body 1 is lifted to the surface, the cutting plate 32 is opened to discharge the soil, and the drilling is repeated until the initial design depth is reached. During this process, the rotary drilling structure 4 descends with the drilling tool, and the rotary drilling cutter 413 is radially expanded by the centrifugal force to overcome the tension of the second tension spring 416, cutting a longitudinal pile hole groove with a depth of 10-25mm and a width of 15-30mm on the inner wall of the pile hole. The groove spacing is controlled by the circumferential distribution density of the rotary drilling units 41, with 6-8 rotary drilling units 41 evenly distributed on each circumference. The formation of the pile hole groove enhances the roughness of the hole wall and provides a mechanical embedded anchor point for subsequent grouting wet spraying.

[0044] Synchronous grouting and coating: When the grouting and coating structure 5 reaches the target depth, the leveling ball 615 of the leveling unit 61 expands radially under the action of centrifugal force, compacting the inner wall of the pile hole and driving the rack 512 to slide through the connecting rod 617; the rack 512 drives the coating block 517 to expand radially until it is close to the hole wall, and at the same time, the high-pressure grouting pump sprays the wet material through the grouting hole 53; the coating block 517 guides the wet material to be evenly coated on the inner wall of the pile hole and the groove, forming a continuous support layer.

[0045] When the grouting coating structure 5 reaches the target depth and rotates at high speed, the leveling unit 61 is triggered by centrifugal force to trigger the linkage mechanism: the leveling ball 615 is thrown radially, pushing the first connecting rod 613 to rotate, driving the first slider 612 to move downward along the guide shaft 611, overcoming the tension of the first tension spring 616; the first slider 612 slides downward by the rigid traction rack 512 through the connecting rods 617 on both sides, driving the first connecting bar 515 and the second connecting bar 516 to rotate around the pin, causing the coating block 517 to radially expand from the gap in the coating shell 511 to close to the hole wall (expansion distance b ≥ 10mm). The high-pressure grouting pump is simultaneously started, spraying the grouting wet material through the grouting hole 53 of the first cylinder 52 at a pressure of 1.5-3.5MPa; the coating block 517 guides the slurry to spiral upward along the annular gap formed between it and the hole wall, achieving three-dimensional coverage of the inner wall of the pile hole and the groove. At the same time, the leveling ball 615 rolls the slurry layer with a compaction force of 200-500N, forcing the slurry to penetrate into the groove and soil micro-cracks.

[0046] Leveling and compaction: The leveling ball 615 continuously rolls the coating layer while rotating, forcing the wet spraying material to penetrate into the pile hole groove and soil micro-cracks. The quick-setting agent triggers the setting reaction to form the wall shell; Under the continuous rolling pressure of the 615 screed, the grouting material comes into full contact with the borehole soil. The accelerator (aluminates, at a dosage of 3%-5%) triggers an instantaneous setting reaction, forming a continuous retaining wall shell 3-15mm thick within 20-40 seconds. The compaction strength of the 615 screed is controlled by adjusting the drill rig speed: a high speed of 100-150 rpm is used to enhance compaction in soft formations, while a reduced speed of 60-80 rpm is used in hard formations to prevent overload and chipping of the 413 rotary cutter. The retaining wall shell strength is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the grouting material mix ratio: in groundwater-rich areas, the accelerator is increased to 5% and a viscosity enhancer is added at 0.2%. In sandy formations, the mortar matrix strength is increased to above M35. Grouting pressure fluctuations are monitored in real time. A sudden drop of ≥0.5 MPa is considered a leak in the borehole wall, and the drill string is immediately raised to re-spray grout.

[0047] Hole maintenance: lift the drilling device, the leveling unit 61 and the expansion unit 51 automatically retract and reset; carry out hole cleaning, lowering the steel cage and concrete pouring. After the initial setting of the wall protection shell (compressive strength ≥ 1MPa), the drilling device is lifted at a uniform speed of 5-10m / min. During the lifting process, the leveling unit 61 and the expansion unit 51 are automatically reset: the rotation speed is reduced, so that the first tension spring 616 pulls the first slider 612 upward, and the leveling ball 615 is separated from the hole wall; at the same time, the rack 512 retracts under the action of the reset spring, and the coating block 517 is retracted into the gap of the coating shell 511. After the drilling tool is pulled out, the hole is cleaned by air lift reverse circulation to remove the sediment at the bottom of the hole, the steel cage is lowered and concrete is poured, and the wall protection shell is used to suppress the radial shrinkage of the hole wall; the present application has a compact structure and high application value.

[0048] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction drilling equipment, characterized in that: include: Drilling rig body (1); A rotating shaft (2) rotatably mounted on the drilling rig body (1); A drilling device is fixedly mounted on the end of the rotating shaft (2), and the drilling device is provided with a drilling structure (3) coaxially sleeved in sequence from the lower end to the upper end along the rotating shaft (2) for cutting the ground to form a pile hole; The rotary drilling structure (4) cuts the inner wall of the pile hole to form a pile hole groove; A grouting coating structure (5), wherein a plurality of radially retractable expansion units (51) are uniformly distributed around the outer periphery of the grouting coating structure (5), and grouting holes (53) are formed between adjacent expansion units (51); The leveling structure (6) comprises a plurality of radially expandable leveling units (61), wherein the leveling units (61) are connected to the expansion units (51); wherein the drilling device is configured such that: in a rotating state, the leveling units (61) are subjected to the centrifugal force to generate radial displacement, abut against and compact the inner wall of the pile hole outward, and at the same time, the expansion units (51) are driven to expand radially through mechanical linkage, and the expansion units (51) cause the grouting wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole (53) to be coated on the inner wall of the pile hole.

2. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting coating structure (5) comprises a first cylinder (52) of a hollow structure, the grouting hole (53) is opened on the first cylinder (52) and communicates with the inner cavity of the first cylinder (52); the expansion unit (51) is evenly fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the first cylinder (52); The expansion unit (51) includes a coating shell (511) fixed on the first cylinder (52) and a rack (512) slidably arranged in the coating shell (511), a first pin shaft (513) and a second pin shaft (514) are fixedly arranged in the coating shell (511), a first connecting bar (515) is rotatably arranged on the first pin shaft (513), a second connecting bar (516) is rotatably arranged on the second pin shaft (514), and a coating block (517) is movably connected between the first connecting bar (515) and the second connecting bar (516).

3. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A notch is formed on the coating shell (511), and the coating block (517) is arranged in the notch. A plurality of first teeth are formed on the first connecting bar (515), and a plurality of second teeth are formed on the second connecting bar (516). The first teeth and the second teeth are engaged with the rack (512); the rack (512) is used to drive the coating block (517) to be accommodated in the notch or to extend from the notch, and the coating block (517) is used to guide the grouting wet spray material ejected from the grouting hole (53) so that it is coated on the inner wall of the pile hole.

4. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The leveling structure (6) comprises a second cylinder (62) coaxially fixed to the first cylinder (52), and the leveling units (61) are evenly arranged on the outer periphery of the second cylinder (62); The leveling unit (61) includes a guide shaft (611), a first slider (612), a first connecting rod (613) and a second connecting rod (614), wherein the free end of the first connecting rod (613) is connected to a leveling ball (615), one end of the second connecting rod (614) is hinged to the first slider (612), and the other end of the second connecting rod (614) is hinged to the middle position of the first connecting rod (613), and a first tension spring (616) is sleeved on the guide shaft (611), and the first tension spring (616) has a tendency to drive the leveling ball (615) to contract radially.

5. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: Connecting rods (617) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the first sliding block (612), and the two connecting rods (617) are respectively fixedly connected to the rack (512).

6. The construction drilling equipment according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The rotary drilling structure (4) comprises a plurality of rotary drilling units (41), wherein the rotary drilling units (41) comprise a fixed shaft (411), a second slider (412) slidably arranged on the fixed shaft (411), and a rotary drilling blade (413); the two ends of the fixed shaft (411) are respectively hinged to a first rod (414); the two ends of the first rods (414) are respectively hinged to the two ends of the corresponding rotary drilling blade (413); the second slider (412) is hinged to a second rod (415); the end of the second rod (415) is hinged to the middle position of one of the first rods (414); A second tension spring (416) is sleeved on the fixed shaft (411), and the second tension spring (416) has a tendency to drive the rotary cutter (413) to contract radially.

7. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotary drilling structure (4) is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the first cylinder (52) and / or fixedly mounted on the rack (512).

8. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each coating shell (511) protrudes from the outer wall of the first cylinder (52), and the distance between the surface formed by the outer periphery of the coating shell (511) and the outer periphery of the first cylinder (52) is a; The maximum distance b that the coating block (517) extends from the coating shell (511) is; The values ​​of a and b are at least greater than 10 mm.

9. The construction drilling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drilling structure (3) comprises a drill barrel (31) and a cutting plate (32), wherein the cutting plate (32) is installed at the bottom of the drill barrel (31) in an openable and closable manner.

10. A construction drilling method, comprising using the construction drilling equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It also includes the following steps: Drilling construction: driving the drilling rig body (1) to drive the rotating shaft (2) and the drilling device to rotate and press downward, and the drill tube (31) and the cutting plate (32) of the drilling structure (3) are opened and closed to cut the stratum to form a pile hole; Rotary trenching: the drilling device continuously rotates and presses downward, and the rotary cutter (413) of the rotary trenching structure (4) is radially expanded by the centrifugal force, cutting the inner wall of the pile hole to form a pile hole trench; Synchronous grouting and coating: When the grouting and coating structure (5) reaches the target depth, the leveling ball (615) of the leveling unit (61) is radially expanded by the centrifugal force, compacting the inner wall of the pile hole and driving the rack (512) to slide through the connecting rod (617); the rack (512) drives the coating block (517) to radially expand until it is close to the hole wall, and at the same time, the high-pressure grouting pump sprays the wet spray material through the grouting hole (53); the coating block (517) guides the wet spray material to be evenly coated on the inner wall of the pile hole and the groove, forming a continuous support layer; Leveling and compacting: the leveling ball (615) continuously rolls the coating layer while rotating, forcing the wet spraying material to penetrate into the pile hole groove and soil micro-cracks, and the quick-setting agent triggers the setting reaction to form the wall shell; Hole maintenance: the drilling device is lifted, and the leveling unit (61) and the expansion unit (51) are automatically retracted and reset; the hole is cleaned, the steel cage is lowered, and concrete is poured.

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