Cutting device and technology for axle machining

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of axle machining, and provides a cutting device and process for axle machining, the cutting device comprises a machining lathe, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the interior of the machining lathe, and a sliding bottom plate is slidably connected to the outer side of the connecting plate. The first driving motor rotates to drive the top plate to move transversely, a threaded connection structure converts rotary motion into linear displacement, so that the top plate slides in the fixing column, pressure adjustment is conducted through a buffer structure arranged in the fixing column, the pressure adjusting system achieves accurate control over clamping force, meanwhile, the overload protection function is achieved, and the service life of the device is prolonged. Therefore, the problem that the clamping or jacking force is too large in the working process can be effectively solved, and the problem that the working efficiency during axle production is affected due to the fact that the axle is fractured due to the fact that the internal stress of the axle body is too large is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of axle processing, and in particular, to a cutting device and process for axle processing. Background Art

[0002] The axle is an important component of the vehicle, responsible for the power transmission between the engine and the wheels. During the processing of the axle, the end of its surface needs to be cut, and the excess blank on the axle surface is rotated and removed by the cutter's movement around the axis.

[0003] In the existing axle processing process, the positioning method for the axle is mostly to fix the axle by clamping on one side and using a top on the other side. In the top method for the axle, the axle is mostly clamped by fixing the top. In this process, due to the problem of the length of the axle itself, it is very easy to be disturbed by external forces during the clamping process. It is very likely that if the clamping or tightening force is too large or the contact area is uneven (such as the contact between the top and the axle) during the processing, local stress concentration will occur, which may cause the axle to break and produce fractures, thereby affecting the work efficiency during axle production, reducing the yield of axle production, and causing unnecessary economic losses; secondly, in order to meet the precision requirements of axle processing in the existing technology, rough processing and fine processing are usually used to cut the axle separately. In this process, the axle needs to be clamped multiple times. During the multiple clamping processes, the accumulation of positioning errors will affect the processing accuracy. At the same time, the stress remaining after rough processing may cause stress concentration due to the clamping force during multiple clamping, causing the axle to deform or even crack. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a cutting device and process for axle processing, which solves the technical problem of stress concentration during the processing of axles in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application adopts the following technical solution: a cutting device for machining an axle, comprising a machining lathe, a connecting plate fixedly connected to the interior of the machining lathe, a sliding base plate slidably connected to the exterior of the connecting plate, a cutting tool table fixedly connected to the top of the sliding base plate, and a first cutting tool fixedly connected to the interior of the cutting tool table; A sliding block slidably connected to the connecting plate is provided on one side of the sliding base plate, a placement column is provided on one side of the sliding block, and an adjustment component is provided inside the placement column; The interior of the placement column is movably sleeved with a clamping column, and the interior of the clamping column is provided with an expansion component; A limiting chuck is provided on one side of the interior of the processing lathe, and a telescopic component is provided on one side of the limiting chuck.

[0006] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a first driving motor, the first driving motor is fixedly connected to the interior of the sliding block, the output end of the first driving motor is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft, the interior of the placing column is fixedly connected to the fixing column, the outer side of the first rotating shaft is threadedly connected to a top plate, the top plate is slidably connected to the interior of the fixing column, the interior of the fixing column is movably sleeved with a first limiting plate, the first limiting plate is slidably connected to the interior of the fixing column, one side of the first limiting plate is fixedly connected to one end of a first spring, the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the top plate, the other side of the first limiting plate is fixedly connected to one end of a fourth spring, the other end of the fourth spring is fixedly connected to the fixing column, the top plate moves laterally inside the fixing column to compress the first spring, thereby controlling the pressure of the top shaft.

[0007] Preferably, the unfolding assembly includes a first connecting column, one end of the first connecting column is fixedly connected to one side of the first limiting plate, the other end of the first connecting column is fixedly connected to a clamping column, the clamping column is movably sleeved inside the placement column, one end of the clamping column is fixedly connected to a mounting plate, one side of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to a step block, and the middle part of the step block is movably sleeved with a circular head.

[0008] Preferably, the unfolding assembly includes a movable column, which is fixedly connected to one side of the circular head, and the movable column is slidably connected to the step block. Multiple groups of second sliding grooves are provided on the outer side of the clamping column, and the interiors of the multiple groups of second sliding grooves are each provided with a second limit plate fixedly connected to the movable column. One end of the movable column is fixedly connected to a third spring, and the other end of the third spring is fixedly connected to the clamping column.

[0009] Preferably, the deployment component further includes a gear, which is rotatably connected to the inside of the mounting plate. The inside of the mounting plate is fixedly connected to multiple groups of second connecting columns, and the outer sides of the multiple groups of second connecting columns are movably sleeved with deployment plates.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a second drive motor, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the processing lathe, and the output end of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft, one end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one end of a connecting shaft, and the other end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to a threaded rod.

[0011] Preferably, the telescopic assembly includes a first extension column, the second rotating shaft, the connecting shaft and the threaded rod are all movably sleeved inside the first extension column, the first extension column is fixedly connected to the processing lathe, the interior of the first extension column is movably sleeved with the second extension column, the second extension column is meshed and connected with the threaded rod, the interior of the second extension column is movably sleeved with the third extension column, the internal thread of the third extension column is connected with a threaded sleeve, the threaded sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the second extension column, the threaded sleeve is movably sleeved on the outside of the second extension column through a T-slot so that the threaded sleeve can only move following the second extension column, the threaded rod is meshed and connected with the second extension column, the third extension column is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve, and the threaded sleeve is movably sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic assembly also includes a fixed plate, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the third extension column, and a fixed block is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed plate. A first sliding groove is provided inside the fixed plate and the fixed block, and one end of a second spring is fixedly connected to the inside of the first sliding groove, and a first ejector pin is slidably connected to the inside of the first sliding groove. The other end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the first ejector pin, and multiple groups of second ejector pins are fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed block.

[0013] Preferably, the first connecting column passes through the middle of the third spring, the first connecting column is slidably connected to the fixed column, the mounting plate is hollow, and the mounting plate is connected by a triangular connecting rod to form a component, so that the mounting plate is not blocked by the mounting plate during the unfolding process.

[0014] The present invention also provides a cutting process for machining an axle, comprising the following steps: S1. During rough machining, one end of the axle is clamped by a limit chuck, and then the sliding base and the sliding block are moved. After the sliding block moves, the other end of the axle is brought into contact with the circular head; S2. Starting the first drive motor drives the first spring and the fourth spring in the adjustment group to be compressed. The synergistic effect of the first spring and the fourth spring forms a nonlinear stiffness characteristic, which can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force but also absorb vibration and impact during the processing through elastic deformation; S3, after adjusting the pressure to a suitable level, rough-processing the axle using a first cutting tool; S4. After the rough machining is completed, the second drive motor is started to drive the telescopic assembly to move and push out the third extension column. After the third extension column is pushed out, the first ejector pin will first touch the axis of the axle. At this time, the second spring applies pressure to the first ejector pin. After receiving the pressure, the first ejector pin transmits the secondary pressure to one end of the axle. This pressure and the pressure of the circular ejector pin contacting the axle form a clamping force on the axle. At this time, the second motor stops working; S5. At this time, the limit chuck is released so that it no longer clamps the axle, and then the second drive motor is restarted to push out the third extension column, thereby driving the second ejector to abut against the axle; S6. After the axle is clamped by a double-headed thimble, the axle is finely processed by a first cutting tool; S7. After the processing is completed, release the clamp on the axle, remove the workpiece, and complete the work.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: 1. The present invention drives the top plate to move laterally by rotating the first drive motor, and the threaded connection structure converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, so that the top plate slides in the fixed column. When the top plate slides inside the fixed column, it will apply pressure to the first spring and the fourth spring, causing them to be compressed. When clamping the axle, the secondary buffer system composed of the first limit plate and the fourth spring can absorb the overload pressure, and due to the synergistic effect of the first spring and the fourth spring, nonlinear stiffness characteristics will be generated, which can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force during processing, but also absorb vibration and impact during processing through elastic deformation. The fixed column serves as a guide structure to ensure the accuracy of the linear motion of the top plate and avoid uneven contact caused by lateral offset load. The pressure regulation system can effectively avoid problems such as excessive clamping or tightening force during work by realizing precise control of the clamping force of the axle and having an overload protection function, and avoid the problem of axle breakage due to excessive stress inside the shaft body, thereby affecting the work efficiency during axle production.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, when the circular ram drives the movable column to move backward, the movable column drives the gear to rotate, thereby rotating and opening the expansion plate along the second connecting column as the axis. At this time, the circular ram, step block, mounting plate and expansion plate form a multi-level stepped layout, so that the pressure of the ram is gradually transmitted, avoiding a single position bearing the entire load, thereby further reducing the stress concentration caused by the ram during the axle processing process.

[0017] 3. The present invention uses a second drive motor as a power source to transmit torque to the connecting shaft through a rotating shaft. The fixed connection between the connecting shaft and the threaded rod enables the rotational movement of the threaded rod to control the extension and contraction of the telescopic assembly. The spiral structure design of the threaded rod causes axial displacement during rotation, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the tightening force. By adjusting the rotation angle of the threaded rod, the extension length of the telescopic assembly can be controlled, and then the tightening force on the axle can be adjusted to avoid stress concentration caused by excessive tightening force and reduce the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations.

[0018] 4. In the present invention, when the third extension column pushes the fixed block close to the axle, the first ejector automatically compensates for the unevenness of the axle end face under the action of the second spring, and the second ejector evenly shares the radial clamping force through multiple groups of independent contact points, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration. This combination of an elastic adaptive structure and a multi-point contact design ensures clamping stability while avoiding the stress concentration problem caused by traditional single-point ejectors.

[0019] 5. After the threaded rod is rotated by using the second drive motor as the driving source, the first extension column serves as the basic fixed frame, and the second extension column arranged inside it realizes the first-level axial displacement through the engagement of the threaded rod. The third extension column nested inside the second extension column forms a secondary displacement mechanism through the threaded sleeve. The threaded rod also serves as the core driving shaft of the two-stage transmission mechanism, and is converted into a composite linear motion of the two-stage extension column through the rotational motion. This multi-stage nested telescopic structure not only realizes a wide range of length adjustment capabilities, but also the self-locking characteristics of its threaded engagement can accurately maintain the clamping position, avoid displacement deviation during the processing process, avoid the accumulation of positioning errors due to clamping, and affect the processing accuracy. At the same time, when cutting the bearing, it can avoid the possibility of stress concentration caused by multiple clamping, reduce the possibility of axle deformation and cracking, improve the yield rate of axle processing, and improve work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, derive other drawings based on the contents of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cutting tool table of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sliding block of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed column of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamping column of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting plate of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the connecting shaft of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the telescopic assembly of the present invention; Figure 9Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixing plate of the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1, processing lathe; 2, connecting plate; 3, sliding bottom plate; 4, cutting tool table; 5, first cutting tool; 6, sliding block; 7, placement column; 8, first driving motor; 9, first rotating shaft; 10, fixing column; 11, top plate; 12, first limit plate; 13, first spring; 14, first connecting column; 15, clamping column; 16, mounting plate; 17, step block; 18, round head; 19, gear; 20, second connecting column; 21, expansion plate; 22, Limiting chuck; 23. Second driving motor; 24. Second rotating shaft; 25. Connecting shaft; 26. Threaded rod; 27. First extension column; 28. Second extension column; 29. ​​Third extension column; 30. Threaded sleeve; 31. Fixed plate; 32. Fixed block; 33. First sliding groove; 34. Second spring; 35. First ejector pin; 36. Second ejector pin; 37. Moving column; 38. Second sliding groove; 39. Second limiting plate; 40. Third spring; 41. Fourth spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention.

[0024] To simplify the drawings, only portions relevant to the invention are schematically depicted in each figure; they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one component with the same structure or function is schematically depicted or labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one" but also "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0027] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., and the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] See also Figure 1-9 The embodiment of the present invention provides a cutting device for machining an axle, comprising a machining lathe 1, a connecting plate 2 fixedly connected to the interior of the machining lathe 1, a sliding base plate 3 slidably connected to the exterior of the connecting plate 2, a cutting tool table 4 fixedly connected to the top of the sliding base plate 3, and a first cutting tool 5 fixedly connected to the interior of the cutting tool table 4; A sliding block 6 is provided on one side of the sliding base plate 3 and is slidably connected to the connecting plate 2. A placement column 7 is provided on one side of the sliding block 6. An adjustment component is provided inside the placement column 7. The interior of the placement column 7 is movably sleeved with a clamping column 15, and the interior of the clamping column 15 is provided with an expansion component; A limit chuck 22 is provided on one side of the interior of the processing lathe 1, and a telescopic component is provided on one side of the limit chuck 22; Dynamic stress dispersion and precise positioning during axle processing are achieved through the integrated sliding adjustment and multi-stage clamping structure. The connecting plate 2 and the sliding base plate 3 fixedly connected inside the processing lathe 1 form an adjustable cutting platform. The displacement of the sliding base plate 3 drives the cutting tool table 4 to move laterally, so that the cutting process can be flexibly adjusted according to the length of the axle to avoid stress concentration at a single position. The combined design of the sliding block 6 and the placement column 7 controls the clamping force through the adjustment component. The clamping column 15 that is movably sleeved in the placement column 7 cooperates with the expansion component to form a multi-point contact support, dispersing the local pressure of the top on the axle. The limit chuck 22 and the telescopic component form a two-way clamping structure, and the axial extension of the telescopic component compensates for the axle length error, so that rough processing and fine processing can be completed by one clamping, eliminating the error accumulation caused by multiple positioning.

[0030] Among them, the adjustment component includes a first driving motor 8, the first driving motor 8 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sliding block 6, the output end of the first driving motor 8 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 9, the inside of the placing column 7 is fixedly connected to the fixed column 10, the outer side of the first rotating shaft 9 is threadedly connected to the top plate 11, the top plate 11 is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed column 10, the inside of the fixed column 10 is movably sleeved with a first limiting plate 12, the first limiting plate 12 is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed column 10, one side of the first limiting plate 12 is fixedly connected to one end of the first spring 13, the other end of the first spring 13 is fixedly connected to the top plate 11, the other side of the first limiting plate 12 is fixedly connected to one end of the fourth spring 41, the other end of the fourth spring 41 is fixedly connected to the fixed column 10, the top plate 11 moves laterally inside the fixed column 10 to compress the first spring 13, thereby controlling the pressure of the top shaft; The rotation of the first drive motor 8 drives the top plate 11 to move laterally, and the threaded connection structure converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, so that the top plate 11 slides in the fixed column 10. When the top plate 11 slides inside the fixed column 10, it will apply pressure to the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41, causing them to be compressed. When clamping the axle, the secondary buffer system composed of the first limit plate 12 and the fourth spring 41 can absorb the overload pressure. Due to the synergistic effect of the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41, nonlinear stiffness characteristics will be generated. During processing, it can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force, but also absorb vibration and impact during processing through elastic deformation. The fixed column 10 serves as a guide structure to ensure the linear motion accuracy of the top plate 11 and avoid uneven contact caused by lateral offset loads. The pressure regulation system can effectively avoid problems such as excessive clamping or tightening force during work by achieving precise control of the axle clamping force and having an overload protection function, and avoid the axle breakage due to excessive internal stress of the shaft body, thereby affecting the work efficiency during axle production.

[0031] The deployment assembly includes a first connecting column 14, one end of which is fixedly connected to one side of the first limiting plate 12, and the other end of the first connecting column 14 is fixedly connected to a clamping column 15, which is movably sleeved inside the placement column 7, one end of the clamping column 15 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 16, one side of the mounting plate 16 is fixedly connected to a step block 17, and the middle part of the step block 17 is movably sleeved with a round head 18; When the circular ram 18 drives the movable column 37 to move backward, the movable column 37 will drive the gear 19 to rotate, thereby rotating the expansion plate 21 along the second connecting column 20 as the axis to open. At this time, the circular ram 18, the step block 17, the mounting plate 16 and the expansion plate 21 form a multi-level stepped layout, so that the pressure of the top is gradually transmitted, avoiding a single position bearing the entire load, thereby further reducing the stress concentration caused by the top during the axle processing process.

[0032] The unfolding assembly includes a movable column 37, which is fixedly connected to one side of the circular head 18 and is slidably connected to the step block 17. A plurality of second sliding grooves 38 are provided on the outer side of the clamping column 15. A second limiting plate 39 is provided inside each of the plurality of second sliding grooves 38 to which the movable column 37 is fixedly connected. A third spring 40 is fixedly connected to one end of the movable column 37, and the other end of the third spring 40 is fixedly connected to the clamping column 15. The sliding connection structure between the movable column 37 and the stepped block 17 enables the circular head 18 to be displaced axially when contacting the axle, thereby dynamically adjusting the contact pressure. The multiple groups of second sliding grooves 38 opened on the outer side of the clamping column 15 provide lateral displacement space for the movable column 37. The cooperation between the second limit plate 39 and the second sliding groove 38 limits the stroke range of the movable column 37 to avoid structural failure caused by excessive displacement. The elastic connection of the third spring 40 enables the movable column 37 to generate a reverse force when under pressure, forming a pressure buffer mechanism: when the clamping force of the top on the axle exceeds a preset threshold, the movable column 37 compresses the third spring 40 to displace and absorb part of the pressure through elastic deformation; when the external force decreases, the third spring 40 pushes the movable column 37 to reset. This elastic contact mechanism ensures that the contact pressure between the top and the axle is always in a dynamic equilibrium state, which not only ensures the clamping stability, but also avoids local stress concentration caused by rigid tightening.

[0033] The deployment assembly further includes a gear 19, which is rotatably connected to the interior of the mounting plate 16. The interior of the mounting plate 16 is fixedly connected to multiple sets of second connecting columns 20, and the outer sides of the multiple sets of second connecting columns 20 are movably sleeved with deployment plates 21. The structural design of the linkage between the gear 19 and the multiple groups of expansion plates 21 realizes dynamic adjustment of the axle clamping force and uniform distribution of the contact surface. The gear 19 serves as the power transmission core, and its rotation can drive the expansion plate 21 to produce synchronous movement. The movable socket relationship between the second connecting column 20 and the expansion plate 21 enables the expansion plate 21 to be evenly expanded radially under the drive of the gear 19. This design enables the expansion plate 21 to form multi-point uniform support when contacting the axle, avoiding the stress concentration caused by the single-point contact of the traditional fixed top. At the same time, the multiple groups of expansion plates 21 form a linkage mechanism through the second connecting column 20, which automatically adapts to the changes in the outer diameter of the axle during the clamping process, ensuring the clamping stability and reducing the accumulation of positioning errors caused by repeated clamping. The structural layout of the multiple groups of second connecting columns 20 fixed inside the mounting plate 16 ensures the precise synchronization of the movement trajectories of each expansion plate 21, and realizes linear control of the clamping force through the mechanical characteristics of the gear 19 transmission, so that consistent clamping accuracy can be maintained in both the rough machining and fine machining stages.

[0034] The telescopic assembly includes a second drive motor 23, which is fixedly connected to the interior of the machining lathe 1. The output end of the second drive motor 23 is fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft 24, one end of the second rotating shaft 24 is fixedly connected to one end of a connecting shaft 25, and the other end of the connecting shaft 25 is fixedly connected to a threaded rod 26. The telescopic assembly drives the second rotating shaft 24 to rotate through the second driving motor 23, and the second rotating shaft 24 forms a transmission connection with the connecting shaft 25. The threaded rod 26 set at the end of the connecting shaft 25 converts the rotational motion into linear displacement. The second driving motor 23 serves as a power source and transmits torque to the connecting shaft 25 through the rotating shaft. The fixed connection between the connecting shaft 25 and the threaded rod 26 enables the rotational motion of the threaded rod 26 to control the telescopic amount of the telescopic assembly. The spiral structure design of the threaded rod 26 causes it to produce axial displacement during rotation, thereby realizing precise adjustment of the tightening force. By adjusting the rotation angle of the threaded rod 26, the extension length of the telescopic assembly can be controlled, and then the tightening force on the axle can be adjusted to avoid stress concentration caused by excessive tightening force, while reducing the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations.

[0035] The telescopic assembly includes a first extension column 27, a second rotating shaft 24, a connecting shaft 25 and a threaded rod 26 which are all movably sleeved inside the first extension column 27, the first extension column 27 is fixedly connected to the processing lathe 1, the interior of the first extension column 27 is movably sleeved with a second extension column 28, the second extension column 28 is meshed and connected with the threaded rod 26, the interior of the second extension column 28 is movably sleeved with a third extension column 29, the interior of the third extension column 29 is threadedly connected with a threaded sleeve 30, the threaded sleeve 30 is sleeved on the outside of the second extension column 28, the threaded sleeve 30 is movably sleeved on the outside of the second extension column 28 through a T-shaped slot so that the threaded sleeve 30 can only move following the second extension column 28, the threaded rod 26 is meshed and connected with the second extension column 28, the third extension column 29 is threadedly connected with the threaded sleeve 30, and the threaded sleeve 30 is movably sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod 26; Through the synergistic effect of the three-stage extension column nesting structure and the threaded transmission mechanism, a telescopic adjustment system with axial self-locking function is constructed. The first extension column 27 serves as the basic fixed frame, and the second extension column 28 arranged inside it is engaged with the threaded rod 26 to achieve primary axial displacement; the third extension column 29 nested inside the second extension column 28 forms a secondary displacement mechanism through the threaded sleeve 30. The T-slot limiting structure of the threaded sleeve 30 eliminates radial clearance while ensuring transmission accuracy; the threaded rod 26 also serves as the core driving shaft of the two-stage transmission mechanism, and converts rotational motion into a composite linear motion of the two-stage extension columns. This multi-stage nested telescopic structure not only achieves a wide range of length adjustment capabilities, but its self-locking characteristics of threaded engagement can accurately maintain the clamping position and avoid displacement deviation during processing. Through the threaded cooperation between the threaded sleeve 30 and the third extension column 29, after the second extension column 28 completes the primary displacement, it can continue to achieve fine-tuning positioning through the rotation of the threaded sleeve 30, effectively solving the problem of insufficient adjustment accuracy of the traditional single-stage telescopic mechanism.

[0036] The telescopic assembly further includes a fixing plate 31, which is fixedly connected to the inside of the third extension column 29. A fixing block 32 is fixedly connected to one side of the fixing plate 31. A first sliding groove 33 is defined inside the fixing plate 31 and the fixing block 32. One end of a second spring 34 is fixedly connected to the inside of the first sliding groove 33. A first ejector pin 35 is slidably connected to the inside of the first sliding groove 33. The other end of the second spring 34 is fixedly connected to the first ejector pin 35. A plurality of groups of second ejector pins 36 are fixedly connected to the outside of the fixing block 32. A rigid support structure is formed by the fixing plate 31 and the fixing block 32. The first sliding groove 33 provides axial sliding space for the first ejector pin 35. The elastic buffer of the second spring 34 enables the first ejector pin 35 to adaptively adjust the tightening force when contacting the end face of the axle to avoid rigid impact. Multiple groups of second ejector pins 36 are distributed along the outer side of the fixing block 32 to form multi-point contact support, which disperses the contact stress between the ejector pin and the axle. When the third extension column 29 displaces and pushes the fixing block 32 close to the axle, the first ejector pin 35 automatically compensates for the unevenness of the axle end face under the action of the second spring 34, and the second ejector pin 36 evenly shares the radial clamping force through multiple groups of independent contact points, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration. This combination of elastic adaptive structure and multi-point contact design not only ensures clamping stability, but also avoids the stress concentration problem caused by traditional single-point ejector pins.

[0037] The first connecting column 14 passes through the middle of the third spring 40 and is slidably connected to the fixed column 10. The mounting plate 16 is hollow and connected to the mounting plate 16 via a triangular connecting rod to form a single component, so that the deployment plate 21 is not blocked by the mounting plate 16 during deployment. By designing a structure in which the first connecting column 14 passes through the center of the third spring 40, the spring is always subjected to uniform axial force during the compression process, avoiding uneven distribution of the tightening force caused by spring deflection. This structural combination enables the adjustment component to absorb part of the stress fluctuations through the elastic deformation of the spring when applying the tightening force, while maintaining a stable output of the tightening force through the sliding guide of the connecting column, thereby effectively reducing the risk of local stress concentration in the contact area between the axle and the top.

[0038] The present invention also provides a cutting process for machining an axle, comprising the following steps: S1. During rough machining, one end of the axle is clamped by the limit chuck 22, and then the sliding base 3 and the sliding block 6 are moved. After the sliding block 6 moves, the other end of the axle is brought into contact with the circular head 18; S2. Start the first drive motor 8 to drive the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41 in the adjustment group to be compressed. The synergistic effect of the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41 forms a nonlinear stiffness characteristic, which can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force but also absorb vibration and impact during the processing through elastic deformation; S3, after adjusting the pressure to a suitable level, the axle is rough-processed by the first cutting knife 5; S4. After the rough machining is completed, the second drive motor 23 is started to drive the telescopic assembly to move and push out the third extension column 29. After the third extension column 29 is pushed out, the first ejector pin 35 will first touch the axis of the axle. At this time, the second spring 34 applies pressure to the first ejector pin 35. After receiving the pressure, the first ejector pin 35 transmits the secondary pressure to one end of the axle. This pressure and the pressure of the circular ejector head 8 contacting the axle form a clamping force on the axle. At this time, the second motor stops working. S5. At this time, the limiting chuck 22 is loosened so that it no longer clamps the axle, and then the second drive motor 23 is restarted to push out the third extension column, thereby driving the second ejector 36 to abut against the axle; S6, after the axle is clamped by a double-headed ejector, the axle is finely processed by a first cutting tool 5; S7. After the processing is completed, release the clamp on the axle, remove the workpiece, and complete the work.

[0039] Working principle: During operation, the first drive motor 8 drives the top plate 11 to move laterally via the first rotating shaft 9, and the threaded connection structure converts the rotational motion into linear displacement, so that the top plate 11 slides in the fixed column 10. When the top plate 11 slides inside the fixed column 10, it applies pressure to the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41, causing them to be compressed. When clamping the axle, the secondary buffer system composed of the first limit plate 12 and the fourth spring 41 can absorb overload pressure. The synergistic effect of the first spring 13 and the fourth spring 41 will produce nonlinear stiffness characteristics, which can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force during processing, but also absorb vibration and impact during processing through elastic deformation. The pressure regulation system achieves precise control of the clamping force through collaborative control, and has an overload protection function. The sliding connection structure between the movable column 37 and the stepped block 17 enables the circular ram 18 to be displaced axially when contacting the axle, thereby dynamically adjusting the contact pressure. This elastic contact mechanism ensures that the contact pressure between the top and the axle is always in a dynamic equilibrium state, which not only ensures the stability of clamping, but also avoids local stress concentration caused by rigid tightening. When the circular ram 18 drives the movable column 37 to move backward, the movable column 37 drives the gear 19 to rotate, thereby rotating the expansion plate 21 along the second connecting column 20 as the axis to open. At this time, the circular ram 18, the stepped block 17, the mounting plate 16 and the expansion plate 21 form a multi-level stepped layout, which gradually transmits the top pressure and avoids a single position bearing the entire load, thereby further reducing the stress concentration caused by the top during the axle processing process; After the rough machining is completed, the second rotating shaft 24 is driven to rotate by the second driving motor 23, and the second rotating shaft 24 forms a transmission connection with the connecting shaft 25. The threaded rod 26 provided at the end of the connecting shaft 25 converts the rotational motion into linear displacement. At this time, the second driving motor 23 is used as the power source to transmit the torque to the connecting shaft 25 through the rotating shaft. The fixed connection between the connecting shaft 25 and the threaded rod 26 enables the rotational motion of the threaded rod 26 to control the extension and contraction amount of the telescopic assembly. Moreover, due to the spiral structure design of the threaded rod 26, it generates axial displacement when rotating, thereby realizing precise adjustment of the tightening force. By adjusting the rotation angle of the threaded rod 26, the extension length of the telescopic assembly can be controlled, and then the tightening force on the axle can be adjusted to avoid stress concentration caused by excessive tightening force, and at the same time reduce the accumulation of positioning errors caused by multiple clamping operations. After the second drive motor 23 is used as the driving source to drive the threaded rod 26 to rotate, the first extension column 27 serves as the basic fixed frame, and the second extension column 28 arranged inside it is engaged with the threaded rod 26 to achieve primary axial displacement. The third extension column 29 nested inside the second extension column 28 forms a secondary displacement through the threaded sleeve 30. The threaded rod 26 also serves as the core driving shaft of the two-stage transmission mechanism, and is converted into a composite linear motion of the two-stage extension columns through rotational motion. At the same time, when the third extension column 29 displaces and pushes the fixed block 32 close to the axle, the first ejector pin 35 will automatically compensate for the unevenness of the axle end face under the action of the second spring 34, and the second ejector pin 36 evenly shares the radial clamping force through multiple groups of independent contact points, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration. The combination of this elastic adaptive structure and multi-point contact design not only ensures clamping stability, but also avoids the stress concentration problem caused by traditional single-point ejector pins.

[0040] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting device for machining an axle, comprising a machining lathe (1), characterized in that: The processing lathe (1) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (2) inside, the connecting plate (2) is slidably connected to a sliding base plate (3) outside, the top of the sliding base plate (3) is fixedly connected to a cutting tool table (4), and the inside of the cutting tool table (4) is fixedly connected to a first cutting knife (5); A sliding block (6) slidably connected to the connecting plate (2) is provided on one side of the sliding base plate (3); a placement column (7) is provided on one side of the sliding block (6); and an adjustment component is provided inside the placement column (7); The placement column (7) is movably sleeved with a clamping column (15), and an expansion component is provided inside the clamping column (15); A limiting chuck (22) is provided on one side of the interior of the machining lathe (1), and a telescopic component is provided on one side of the limiting chuck (22).

2. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment component includes a first drive motor (8), the first drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to the inside of the sliding block (6), the output end of the first drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft (9), the inside of the placement column (7) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (10), the outer side of the first rotating shaft (9) is threadedly connected to the top plate (11), the top plate (11) is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed column (10), the inside of the fixed column (10) is movably sleeved with a first limiting plate (12), and the first limiting plate (12) is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed column (10). ) is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed column (10), one side of the first limit plate (12) is fixedly connected to one end of the first spring (13), the other end of the first spring (13) is fixedly connected to the top plate (11), the other side of the first limit plate (12) is fixedly connected to one end of the fourth spring (41), the other end of the fourth spring (41) is fixedly connected to the fixed column (10), and the top plate (11) moves laterally inside the fixed column (10) to compress the first spring (13), thereby controlling the pressure of the top shaft.

3. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: The unfolding assembly comprises a first connecting column (14), one end of the first connecting column (14) is fixedly connected to one side of the first limiting plate (12), the other end of the first connecting column (14) is fixedly connected to a clamping column (15), the clamping column (15) is movably sleeved inside the placement column (7), one end of the clamping column (15) is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (16), one side of the mounting plate (16) is fixedly connected to a step block (17), and the middle of the step block (17) is movably sleeved with a round head (18).

4. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: The unfolding assembly includes a moving column (37), the moving column (37) is fixedly connected to one side of the circular head (18), the moving column (37) is slidably connected to the step block (17), a plurality of groups of second sliding grooves (38) are provided on the outer side of the clamping column (15), and a second limiting plate (39) fixedly connected to the moving column (37) is provided inside the plurality of groups of second sliding grooves (38), one end of the moving column (37) is fixedly connected to a third spring (40), and the other end of the third spring (40) is fixedly connected to the clamping column (15).

5. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The deployment assembly further comprises a gear (19), the gear (19) being rotatably connected to the interior of the mounting plate (16), the interior of the mounting plate (16) being fixedly connected to a plurality of groups of second connecting columns (20), and the outer sides of the plurality of groups of second connecting columns (20) are all movably sleeved with deployment plates (21).

6. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 5, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly comprises a second drive motor (23), the second drive motor (23) being fixedly connected to the interior of the machining lathe (1), an output end of the second drive motor (23) being fixedly connected to a second rotating shaft (24), one end of the second rotating shaft (24) being fixedly connected to one end of a connecting shaft (25), and the other end of the connecting shaft (25) being fixedly connected to a threaded rod (26).

7. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 6, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly includes a first extension column (27), the second rotating shaft (24), the connecting shaft (25) and the threaded rod (26) are all movably sleeved inside the first extension column (27), the first extension column (27) is fixedly connected to the processing lathe (1), the first extension column (27) is movably sleeved inside with a second extension column (28), the second extension column (28) is meshedly connected to the threaded rod (26), the second extension column (28) is movably sleeved inside with a third extension column (29), the third extension column (29) is movably sleeved inside with a third extension column (29), and the third extension column (29) is movably sleeved inside with a third extension column (29). 9) is connected to a threaded sleeve (30) through an internal thread, the threaded sleeve (30) is sleeved on the outside of the second extension column (28), the threaded sleeve (30) is movably sleeved on the outside of the second extension column (28) through a T-shaped slot so that the threaded sleeve (30) can only move following the second extension column (28), the threaded rod (26) is meshedly connected to the second extension column (28), the third extension column (29) is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve (30), and the threaded sleeve (30) is movably sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod (26).

8. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The telescopic assembly further comprises a fixed plate (31), the fixed plate (31) being fixedly connected to the interior of the third extension column (29), a fixed block (32) being fixedly connected to one side of the fixed plate (31), a first sliding groove (33) being provided inside the fixed plate (31) and the fixed block (32), one end of a second spring (34) being fixedly connected to the interior of the first sliding groove (33), a first ejector pin (35) being slidably connected to the interior of the first sliding groove (33), the other end of the second spring (34) being fixedly connected to the first ejector pin (35), and a plurality of groups of second ejector pins (36) being fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixed block (32).

9. The cutting device for axle machining according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first connecting column (14) passes through the middle of the third spring (40), and the first connecting column (14) is slidably connected to the fixed column (10). The mounting plate (16) is hollow, and the mounting plate (16) is connected by a triangular connecting rod to form a component, so that the mounting plate (16) is not blocked during the unfolding process of the unfolding plate (21).

10. A cutting process for machining an axle, using the cutting device for machining an axle according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. During rough machining, one end of the axle is clamped by a limit chuck (22), and then the sliding base (3) and the sliding block (6) are moved. After the sliding block (6) moves, the other end of the axle is brought into contact with the circular head (18); S2, starting the first drive motor (8) to drive the first spring (13) and the fourth spring (41) in the adjustment group to be compressed, because the synergistic effect of the first spring (13) and the fourth spring (41) forms a nonlinear stiffness characteristic, which can not only ensure the stability of the initial clamping force, but also absorb vibration and impact during the processing through elastic deformation; S3, after adjusting the pressure to a suitable level, the axle is rough-machined by the first cutting knife (5); S4. After the rough machining is completed, the second drive motor (23) is started to drive the telescopic assembly to move and push out the third extension column (29). After the third extension column (29) is pushed out, the first ejector pin (35) will first touch the axis of the axle. At this time, the second spring (34) applies pressure to the first ejector pin (35). After receiving the pressure, the first ejector pin (35) transmits the secondary pressure to one end of the axle. This pressure and the pressure of the circular ejector pin (18) against the axle form a clamping force on the axle. At this time, the second motor stops working; S5, at this time, the limit chuck (22) is loosened so that it no longer clamps the axle, and then the second drive motor (23) is restarted to push out the third extension column, thereby driving the second ejector pin (36) to abut against the axle; S6, after the axle is clamped by a double-headed thimble, the axle is finely processed by a first cutting tool (5); S7. After the processing is completed, release the clamp on the axle, remove the workpiece, and complete the work.

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